CN111567309B - Pear double-U four-dragon trunk planar tree form and shaping method thereof - Google Patents

Pear double-U four-dragon trunk planar tree form and shaping method thereof Download PDF

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CN111567309B
CN111567309B CN202010572189.7A CN202010572189A CN111567309B CN 111567309 B CN111567309 B CN 111567309B CN 202010572189 A CN202010572189 A CN 202010572189A CN 111567309 B CN111567309 B CN 111567309B
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double
trunk
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CN111567309A (en
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赵德英
闫帅
徐锴
张海棠
张少瑜
张彦昌
侯桂学
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Fruit Tree Institute of CAAS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a pear double-U four-trunk planar tree shape which comprises a trunk, main branches and fruiting branch groups, wherein the height of the tree is 2-2.5 m, the trunk height is 0.3m, the main branches are divided into two groups, the main branches grow in a U shape, the two groups of main branches symmetrically grow on two sides of the trunk, the two groups of main branches grow and distribute in a double-U four-trunk shape, and the fruiting branch groups grow on the main branches in a spiral shape. The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly provides a pear double-U four-stem planar tree shape and a shaping method thereof.

Description

Pear double-U four-dragon trunk planar tree form and shaping method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a pear double-U four-dragon trunk planar tree form and a shaping method thereof.
Background
The pear is one of the most popular fruits for consumers at home and abroad, China is the largest pear-producing country in the world, the cultivation area of the pear tree in China in 2018 is 1406 ten thousand mu, the yield is 1620 ten thousand tons, and the cultivation area and the yield are at the top of the world and respectively account for 68% of the cultivation area and the yield of the pear in the world. With the wide application of new varieties, new technologies and new processes in pear production, the yield of pears in China is greatly improved, the quality is obviously improved, the export quantity is increased year by year, and the pear industry becomes an important post industry for agricultural economic growth, rural construction development and farmer income increase and enrichment with larger economic benefit, ecological benefit and deeper development prospect.
The tree form of the pear tree is an important content of pear tree cultivation, and different tree forms have great influence on the difficulty and easiness in management of the pear tree and tree vigor, yield and quality. Therefore, proper shaping and pruning of the pear trees is an important means for improving the management efficiency of the pear trees and the yield and quality of the pear trees. At present, the main tree forms adopted in the pear tree production in China include sparse layered forms, spindle forms, open heart forms, shed frame type tree forms and the like.
The sparse layered form is the main tree form of the big crown sparse planting in China. The tree-shaped framework is firm, large in interlayer spacing, multiple in fruiting part, even in distribution, large in opening angle of the main side branches, good in ventilation and light transmission in the canopy and high in yield. The method is mainly used for arbor anvil sparse plantation of varieties with strong tree vigor, large crown, strong dryness and more open type. The crown is high and inconvenient to operate, and is rarely used in recent years. The sparse layer shape and the spindle shape of the small crown are one of the tree shapes commonly used in pear tree production in recent years, and when the two tree shapes have complex branch layers, the pruning is labor-consuming and time-consuming; the spindle shape comprises a natural spindle shape, an improved spindle shape and the like, the northern pear orchard is adopted in many ways, and the northern pear orchard has the advantages of fast forming, high yield of early fruits, easy management and the like, but if the management is not proper, the lower part of the pear tree body is strong, the upper part of the pear tree body is weak, the crown of the pear tree is too short and small, lateral branches at the lower part of the pear tree body are thick, the orchard is early covered, the high yield of the early fruits is difficult, and good economic benefit is obtained; the open-core shape comprises a three-main-branch open-core shape, a Y shape and the like, is widely adopted in a southern pear garden, has the advantages of simple tree structure, good ventilation and light transmission, good fruit quality, high commodity rate and the like, but has long shaping time, later time for entering a high-yield period, higher requirement on pruning level, serious operation for skeleton culture, larger later-stage tree crowns, no contribution to field management and low fruit yield; the shed frame type pear tree cultivation technology is a high-quality and high-grade pear tree management technology introduced by Japan in China in recent years, is easy to manage fruits and convenient to pick, but has relatively high investment cost of early-stage frame surfaces and great technical difficulty, is more suitable for being used as a sightseeing orchard or garden greening, and is not suitable for large-scale planting production.
Therefore, the pear tree shape and the shaping method thereof have the advantages of low requirement on shaping technical difficulty, convenience in management, excellent fruit quality and stable yield.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the existing problems, the invention provides a pear double-U four-dragon trunk planar tree form and a shaping method thereof, the planar parallel growth potential of the tree-shaped double-U-shaped four-dragon trunk can promote the tree body to uniformly receive light, the tree body is ventilated and has light transmission, the uniform light distribution of the tree body is ensured, and can effectively reduce the fruit quality difference caused by uneven light reception of each fruit branch of the fruit branch group due to the difference of the growth positions or uneven reception of foliar fertilizer and pesticide, the yield is stable, the fruit quality is excellent, and simultaneously, the growth form of the tree-shaped vertical plane of the double-U four-dragon trunk plane is more convenient for mechanized operation, reduces the planting difficulty of farmers, improves the planting income, and the tree shape is beautiful, the tree-shaped greening device can be used for vertical greening of wall surfaces, hedges and the like, the tree-shaped row spacing of the plane result can be more compact, the land can be more effectively utilized, and the land utilization efficiency of unit area is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a pear two U four-branch planar tree form, includes trunk, boughs and fruiting branch group, and the tree height is 2 ~ 2.5m, trunk height is 0.3m, the trunk is the two trunks that upper portion is the U font, the boughs have two sets ofly, the boughs are the U font and grow, and is two sets of the boughs symmetry is grown in trunk both sides, and is two sets of the boughs are two U four-branch morphological growth distribution, fruiting branch group is the heliciform and is living on the boughs.
Further, the main branches comprise horizontal parts and vertical parts, and the interval between the vertical parts of the two groups of main branches is 0.4-0.5 m.
A shaping method of a pear double-U four-dragon trunk planar tree shape comprises the following steps:
1) grafting
Three-bud grafting is carried out on the nursery at a position 30cm away from the ground, two buds are respectively butted at east and west positions of the nursery, meanwhile, a third bud is grafted at a position 3cm above the two buds at east and west positions of the nursery in a south position, the survival bud is grafted for germination, when the bud grows to 5-10 cm, the third bud is knocked off and is cut and grown into double-stem seedlings from a position 1cm above the double buds, and the third bud is used for controlling and ensuring that the growth potential of the double-stem seedlings at east and west positions is uniform;
2) planting
In spring of the second year, planting double-stem seedlings with uniform growth vigor, wherein the row spacing is 3.0-3.2 m, and the row spacing is 2.5-3.0 m;
3) build fixing frame
Setting upright cement columns or reinforcing steel pipes in the planting rows at intervals of 7m, wherein the height is 2.5-3.0 m, and binding iron wires between the cement columns or the reinforcing steel pipes;
4) guide and tie
Flattening and fixing when the double main branches of the double-stem seedling grow to 30cm of semi-lignification, bending the top end of the young shoot from a position of 25cm into a right-angled bend, and guiding upwards vertically to ensure that the young shoot continues to grow upwards vertically into a U-shaped upright branch;
5) selecting and remaining main branch
In winter, 5cm of two ends of a vertical branch of the U-shaped ring is cut for short, 1, 2 and 3 buds are grafted under a cut for germination, 2 buds and 3 buds grow on the same plane and grow to about 10cm, the 1 st bud branch is cut, 2-3 buds are left for growth, the buds are leveled and fixed when growing to 30cm of semi-lignification, the top end of the bud is bent to a right angle from 10-20 cm and is vertically led upwards, the bud is guaranteed to continuously grow upwards vertically to form a double-U-shaped four-branch main branch, and a middle-short-branch cylindrical fruit shape is formed on the four branches;
6) pruning
The distance between the double U-shaped four main branches of the two groups of main branches is 0.4-0.5 m, the two result branch groups are planted on the main branches in a spiral mode, the extension length of the result branch groups is strictly controlled, the length is controlled to be 20-25 cm by pinching in time, when the thickness exceeds 1/3 of the thickness of the main branches, a horseshoe-shaped oblique cut is reserved from the base part, large branches are replaced by small branches, and the number of branches removed by each main branch is less than two.
Furthermore, the iron wires are bound along the vertical direction of the cement column or the reinforcing steel pipe, the first iron wire is bound at the bifurcate part of the trunk, and then an iron wire is bound upwards at intervals of 50-70 cm along the vertical direction of the cement column or the reinforcing steel pipe.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention relates to a pear double-U four-dragon trunk plane tree shape and a shaping method thereof, main branches of the pear double-U four-dragon trunk plane tree shape grow on two sides of a trunk in a double-U structure, the double-U main branches grow in a shape of four groups of fruiting branches which are parallel to each other and vertical to the ground, the plane parallel growth potential of each dragon trunk branch can promote a tree body to uniformly receive light, the tree body is ventilated and has light transmission intensity, the uniform distribution of the light of the tree body is ensured, meanwhile, fruiting branch groups are spirally and uniformly distributed on the four groups of parallel dragon trunk branches, the fruit quality difference caused by uneven light receiving of each fruiting branch of the fruiting branch groups or uneven receiving of leaf fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, the yield is stable, the fruit quality is excellent, meanwhile, the growth shape of the double-U four-dragon trunk plane tree shape is vertical to the plane, the mechanized operation is more convenient, the planting difficulty of farmers is reduced, the planting income is improved, and the tree shape is beautiful, the tree-shaped greening device can be used for vertical greening of wall surfaces, hedges and the like, the tree-shaped row spacing of the plane result can be more compact, the land can be more effectively utilized, and the land utilization efficiency of unit area is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic tree form diagram of a pear double-U four-dragon trunk planar tree form and a shaping method thereof.
Wherein, 1, a trunk, 2, a main branch, 3 and a bearing branch.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b): as shown in figure 1, the pear double-U four-trunk planar tree shape comprises a trunk, main branches and fruiting branch groups, the height of the tree is 2-2.5 m, the height of the trunk is 0.3m, the trunk is a U-shaped double trunk, the main branches are divided into two groups, the main branches grow in a U shape, each main branch comprises a horizontal part and a vertical part, the interval between the vertical parts of the two groups of main branches is 0.4-0.5 m, the two groups of main branches symmetrically grow on two sides of the trunk, the two groups of main branches grow and distribute in a double-U four-trunk shape, and as a result, the fruiting branch groups grow on the main branches in a spiral shape.
A shaping method of a pear double-U four-dragon trunk planar tree shape comprises the following steps:
1) grafting
Three-bud grafting is carried out on the nursery at a position 30cm away from the ground, two buds are respectively butted at east and west positions of the nursery, meanwhile, a third bud is grafted at a position 3cm above the two buds at east and west positions of the nursery in a south position, the survival bud is grafted for germination, when the bud grows to 5-10 cm, the third bud is knocked off and is cut and grown into double-stem seedlings from a position 1cm above the double buds, and the third bud is used for controlling and ensuring that the growth potential of the double-stem seedlings at east and west positions is uniform;
2) planting
In spring of the second year, planting double-stem seedlings with uniform growth vigor, wherein the row spacing is 3.0-3.2 m, and the row spacing is 2.5-3.0 m;
3) build fixing frame
Setting upright cement columns or reinforcing steel pipes every 7m in a field planting row, wherein the height of each upright cement column or reinforcing steel pipe is 2.5-3.0 m, binding iron wires between the cement columns or the reinforcing steel pipes, binding a plurality of groups of iron wires in the vertical direction of the cement columns or the reinforcing steel pipes, binding the first iron wire at the bifurcate part of a trunk, and then binding iron wires upwards at intervals of 50-70 cm in the vertical direction of the cement columns or the reinforcing steel pipes;
4) guide and tie
Flattening and fixing when the double main branches of the double-stem seedling grow to 30cm of semi-lignification, bending the top end of the young shoot from a position of 25cm into a right-angled bend, and guiding upwards vertically to ensure that the young shoot continues to grow upwards vertically into a U-shaped upright branch;
5) selecting and remaining main branch
In winter, 5cm of two ends of a vertical branch of the U-shaped ring is cut for short, 1, 2 and 3 buds are grafted under a cut for germination, 2 buds and 3 buds grow on the same plane and grow to about 10cm, the 1 st bud branch is cut, 2-3 buds are left for growth, the buds are leveled and fixed when growing to 30cm of semi-lignification, the top end of the bud is bent to a right angle from 10-20 cm and is vertically led upwards, the bud is guaranteed to continuously grow upwards vertically to form a double-U-shaped four-branch main branch, and a middle-short-branch cylindrical fruit shape is formed on the four branches;
6) pruning
The distance between the double U-shaped four main branches of the two groups of main branches is 0.4-0.5 m, the two result branch groups are planted on the main branches in a spiral mode, the extension length of the result branch groups is strictly controlled, the length is controlled to be 20-25 cm by pinching in time, when the thickness exceeds 1/3 of the thickness of the main branches, a horseshoe-shaped oblique cut is reserved from the base part, large branches are replaced by small branches, and the number of branches removed by each main branch is less than two.
The present invention and the embodiments thereof have been described above, but the description is not limited thereto, and the embodiment shown is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In summary, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. The pear double-U four-trunk planar tree is characterized by comprising a trunk, main branches and a fruiting branch group, wherein the height of the tree is 2-2.5 m, the height of the trunk is 0.3m, the trunk is provided with two branches with U-shaped upper portions, the main branches are divided into two groups, the main branches grow in the U-shaped mode and symmetrically grow on two sides of the trunk, the main branches grow in the double-U four-trunk morphological mode and are distributed, and the fruiting branch group grows on the main branches in a spiral mode.
2. The planar tree form of a pear double-U four-dragon trunk as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main branches comprise horizontal portions and vertical portions, and the interval between the vertical portions of the two groups of main branches is 0.4-0.5 m.
3. A shaping method of a pear double-U four-dragon trunk planar tree shape is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) grafting
Three-bud grafting is carried out on the nursery at a position 30cm away from the ground, two buds are respectively butted at east and west positions of the nursery, meanwhile, a third bud is grafted at a position 3cm above the two buds at east and west positions of the nursery in a south position, the survival bud is grafted for germination, when the bud grows to 5-10 cm, the third bud is knocked off and is cut and grown into double-stem seedlings from a position 1cm above the double buds, and the third bud is used for controlling and ensuring that the growth potential of the double-stem seedlings at east and west positions is uniform;
2) planting
In spring of the second year, planting double-stem seedlings with uniform growth vigor, wherein the row spacing is 3.0-3.2 m, and the row spacing is 2.5-3.0 m;
3) build fixing frame
Setting upright cement columns or reinforcing steel pipes in the planting rows at intervals of 7m, wherein the height is 2.5-3.0 m, and binding iron wires between the cement columns or the reinforcing steel pipes;
4) guide and tie
Flattening and fixing when the double main branches of the double-stem seedling grow to 30cm of semi-lignification, bending the top end of the young shoot from a position of 25cm into a right-angled bend, and guiding upwards vertically to ensure that the young shoot continues to grow upwards vertically into a U-shaped upright branch;
5) selecting and remaining main branch
In winter, 5cm of two ends of a vertical branch of the U-shaped ring is cut for short, 1, 2 and 3 buds are grafted under a cut for germination, 2 buds and 3 buds grow on the same plane and grow to about 10cm, the 1 st bud branch is cut, 2-3 buds are left for growth, the buds are leveled and fixed when growing to 30cm of semi-lignification, the top end of the bud is bent to a right angle from 10-20 cm and is vertically led upwards, the bud is guaranteed to continuously grow upwards vertically to form a double-U-shaped four-branch main branch, and a middle-short-branch cylindrical fruit shape is formed on the four branches;
6) pruning
The distance between the double U-shaped four main branches of the two groups of main branches is 0.4-0.5 m, the two result branch groups are planted on the main branches in a spiral mode, the extension length of the result branch groups is strictly controlled, the length is controlled to be 20-25 cm by pinching in time, when the thickness exceeds 1/3 of the thickness of the main branches, a horseshoe-shaped oblique cut is reserved from the base part, large branches are replaced by small branches, and the number of branches removed by each main branch is less than two.
4. The method for shaping the planar tree shape of the double-U-shaped four-trunk pear tree as claimed in claim 3, wherein the iron wires are bound in multiple groups along the vertical direction of the cement column or the steel bar pipe, the first iron wire is bound at the bifurcation of the double trunks of the main trunk, and then one iron wire is bound at intervals of 50-70 cm upwards along the vertical direction of the cement column or the steel bar pipe.
CN202010572189.7A 2020-06-22 2020-06-22 Pear double-U four-dragon trunk planar tree form and shaping method thereof Active CN111567309B (en)

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