CN111328649A - Cultivation method of momordica grosvenori - Google Patents
Cultivation method of momordica grosvenori Download PDFInfo
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- CN111328649A CN111328649A CN202010228544.9A CN202010228544A CN111328649A CN 111328649 A CN111328649 A CN 111328649A CN 202010228544 A CN202010228544 A CN 202010228544A CN 111328649 A CN111328649 A CN 111328649A
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method of momordica grosvenori, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. According to the method, on the basis of a horizontal cultivation frame type in the prior art, the cultivation frame type is adjusted to be a vertical cultivation frame type, and the momordica grosvenori vines are uniformly distributed on the cultivation frame in a fence shape through reasonable field planting and fine trimming, so that good ventilation and light transmission are achieved among cultivation lines, and the momordica grosvenori blooms and fruits; according to the invention, other crops can be planted among the lines of the momordica grosvenori, and interplanting or crop rotation of the momordica grosvenori and other crops is realized, so that the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and continuous cropping obstacles are reduced, the application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in an orchard is reduced, and the pesticide and heavy metal residues in fruits are reduced; compared with the traditional method, the planting area of a single plant of the siraitia grosvenorii is 5-6 m2Compared with the prior art, the occupied area of a single momordica grosvenori plant is only 1.5-2 m2And land resources can be effectively saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of momordica grosvenori.
Background
The fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii is perennial vine of Cucurbitaceae, and is distributed in provinces such as Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi and Guizhou. When the momordica grosvenori is cultivated, a shed frame is required to be built to guide and support the growth of stems and tendrils of the momordica grosvenori, and the momordica grosvenori blooms and fruits. The existing cultivation method of the momordica grosvenori adopts horizontal shelves, specifically uses reinforced concrete columns or bamboo wood as struts, the top ends of the struts are connected horizontally and vertically by iron wires and are tensioned and fixed firmly to form a planar support; and covering a nylon net with the mesh width of about 0.15 m on an iron wire support to form a flat-topped shed surface, guiding a main vine of the momordica grosvenori to the shed surface in the cultivation process, then promoting the formation of various levels of side vines and uniformly distributing the side vines on the shed surface through management such as topping, shaping and trimming, wherein vines and leaves cover the whole shed surface in the middle and later stages of the growth of the momordica grosvenori, and direct light does not exist between downward rows of the shed, so that the ventilation and light transmission difference among the rows of the orchard is caused, the full utilization of the land among the rows is not facilitated, and meanwhile, the risk of plant diseases.
Disclosure of Invention
The cultivation method can effectively save land resources and promote interplanting or crop rotation of the momordica grosvenori and other crops.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a cultivation method of momordica grosvenori, wherein cultivation frames adopted in the cultivation method are vertical cultivation frames, the cultivation frames are arranged in rows, and the width between every two adjacent rows of cultivation frames is 2.3-2.8 m;
the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
1) planting the momordica grosvenori seedlings according to the plant spacing of 1.5-2 m;
2) after field planting, the main vines for culturing the momordica grosvenori seedlings grow upwards vertically depending on the cultivation frames, topping is carried out for the first time when the main vines grow to 90-110 cm, and 1 lateral bud is reserved as a secondary main vine; topping for the second time when the second-stage main vines grow to 140-160 cm, and reserving 1 lateral bud as a third-stage main vine; topping for the third time when the third-stage main vines grow to 170-190 cm, and reserving 2 lateral buds of each momordica grosvenori seedling as first-stage lateral vines;
3) when the first-stage lateral vines grow to 10-20 cm, the main vines are fixed below the cultivation frame, 2 first-stage lateral vines on each momordica grosvenori seedling are fixed on the cultivation frame in a Y shape, and included angles between each first-stage lateral vine and the horizontal plane are 40-50 degrees respectively;
4) topping when 5-6 leaves grow on the first-stage lateral vines, reserving 3-4 leaves to sprout second-stage lateral vines, and reserving 2 second-stage lateral vines on each first-stage lateral vine; topping when the second-stage lateral vines grow to 4-5 leaves, reserving 2-3 leaves to germinate third-stage lateral vines, and reserving 1-2 third-stage lateral vines on each second-stage lateral vine;
5) dispersing and fixing all three-stage lateral tendrils in a fan shape on a cultivation frame; taking three-stage lateral vines with buds and plump buds as fruiting vines in each leaf axillary within 5-10 knots, and topping after the total number of flowers and fruits on a single fruiting vine reaches 10-20; and (3) carrying out short-cut or thinning shearing on three-stage lateral vines which do not have buds and are full in leaf axilla within 5-10 knots, reserving 2-3 leaves of each three-stage lateral vine after the short-cut lateral vines germinate four-stage lateral vines, reserving 1-2 four-stage lateral vines on each three-stage lateral vine, and repeating the treatment on the four-stage lateral vines until fruiting vines are formed by taking the condition that whether continuous full buds appear within 5-10 knots as a standard.
Preferably, the cultivation frame comprises support columns, iron wires and nylon nets; the vertical height of the support column is 2-2.5 m; the iron wires are fixed on the support columns and are horizontally distributed from the positions 40-50 cm away from the ground to the tops of the support columns; the nylon net is fixed on the iron wire.
Preferably, the distance between two support columns in each row of cultivation frame is 3-4 m.
Preferably, the number of the iron wires between the position 40-50 cm away from the ground and the top of the support column is 3-4.
Preferably, the mesh width of the nylon net is 15-20 cm.
Preferably, the cultivation method further comprises fertilization; the fertilization comprises the steps of applying base fertilizer, first additional fertilizer, second additional fertilizer, third additional fertilizer and fourth additional fertilizer;
the application time of the base fertilizer is 1 time before the momordica grosvenori seedlings are planted; the base fertilizer comprises organic farmyard manure and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, wherein 8-12 kg of organic farmyard manure and 0.2-0.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied to each momordica grosvenori seedling;
the application time of the first additional fertilizer is from after field planting to before topping of the three-stage main vines, and the application frequency is 1 time/week; the first additional fertilizer comprises a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer; the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is applied after being diluted by 50-200 times, and the mass of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer diluent applied to each momordica grosvenori seedling every time is 0.5-2 kg;
the second additional fertilizer is applied for 1-2 times after the top of the three-stage main vines is topped; the second additional fertilizer comprises potassium sulfate;
the application time of the third additional fertilizer is 1 time after fruiting vines are formed; the third additional fertilizer comprises a biological organic fertilizer and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, wherein 2-3 kg of the biological organic fertilizer and 0.2-0.5 kg of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer are applied to each siraitia grosvenorii seedling;
the application time of the fourth additional fertilizer is the full-bloom period, and the application times are 1-2; the fourth additional fertilizer comprises humic acid water flush fertilizer or fulvic acid water flush fertilizer.
Preferably, the second additional fertilizer is applied in a root application mode, the application depth is 5-10 cm from the ground, and 0.3-0.5 kg of second additional fertilizer is applied to each momordica grosvenori seedling.
Preferably, the cultivation method further comprises artificial pollination of female flowers of the momordica grosvenori.
Preferably, the opening time of the female flowers of the momordica grosvenori is less than or equal to 12 hours.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a cultivation method of momordica grosvenori, wherein cultivation frames adopted in the cultivation method are vertical cultivation frames, the cultivation frames are arranged in rows, the width between every two adjacent rows of cultivation frames is 2.5-4 m, a furrow is formed between every two adjacent rows of cultivation frames, the width of the furrow is 0.8-1.2 m, the number of the furrows is 1-2, and other crops are planted in the middle of the furrow. The invention is adjusted to a vertical cultivation frame type (see figure 2 or figure 3) on the basis of a horizontal cultivation frame type (see figure 1) in the prior art, and the momordica grosvenori vines are uniformly distributed on the cultivation frame through reasonable field planting and fine trimming, and the frame is fence-shaped, so that the cultivation rows have good ventilation and light transmission and good ventilation and light transmissionThe fruit bearing agent is beneficial to the flowering and fruiting of the momordica grosvenori; in addition, other crops can be planted among the fructus momordicae rows, the interplanting or rotation of the fructus momordicae and other crops (such as beans and ginger) is realized, and a good and mutually beneficial cultivation environment is formed, so that the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and continuous cropping obstacles are reduced, the application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in an orchard is reduced, and the pesticide and heavy metal residues in fruits are reduced; compared with the traditional method, the planting area of a single plant of the siraitia grosvenorii is 5-6 m2Compared with the prior art, the occupied area of a single momordica grosvenori plant is only 1.5-2 m2And land resources can be effectively saved. In addition, the cultivation method of the momordica grosvenori is simple in frame structure and wide in application range, can be applied to different types of fields such as mountainous regions and fields, and can also be applied to protection fields such as plastic greenhouses and insect prevention net sheds.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of Momordica grosvenori cultivated in a horizontal cultivation frame;
FIG. 2 shows the present invention using a vertical cultivation frame to cultivate Momordica grosvenori Swingle (in bud stage);
FIG. 3 shows the present invention using vertical cultivation shelves to cultivate Luo Han Guo (flowering period).
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cultivation method of momordica grosvenori, wherein cultivation frames adopted in the cultivation method are vertical cultivation frames, the cultivation frames are arranged in rows, and the width between every two adjacent rows of cultivation frames is 2.3-2.8 m, preferably 2.5 m; the furrow can be made between every two adjacent rows of cultivation frames, the width of the furrow is preferably 0.8-1.2 m, the number of the furrows is preferably 1, and other crops can be intercropped in the furrow; the other crops preferably comprise ginger or peanuts, and the planting and management method of the peanuts or the ginger has no special requirement and can be carried out according to the conventional planting and management method of the peanuts or the ginger in the field; the cultivation frame preferably comprises support columns, iron wires and nylon nets; the vertical height of the support columns is preferably 2-2.5 m, the distance between two support columns in each row of cultivation frame is preferably 3-4 m, the vertical support columns or the triangular support columns have no special requirement on the support columns; the support column is preferably made of reinforced concrete; the iron wires are fixed on the support columns and are horizontally distributed from the positions 40-50 cm away from the ground to the tops of the support columns, and the number of the iron wires is preferably 3-4; the nylon net is fixed on the iron wires, and the mesh width of the nylon net is preferably 15-20 cm, and more preferably 18 cm; the fixing mode of the nylon net is preferably to use thin iron wires or nylon ropes to firmly bind the net and the iron wires.
In the invention, the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
1) planting the momordica grosvenori seedlings according to the plant spacing of 1.5-2 m;
2) after field planting, the main vines for culturing the momordica grosvenori seedlings grow upwards vertically depending on the cultivation frames, topping is carried out for the first time when the main vines grow to 90-110 cm, and 1 lateral bud is reserved as a secondary main vine; topping for the second time when the second-stage main vines grow to 140-160 cm, and reserving 1 lateral bud as a third-stage main vine; topping for the third time when the third-stage main vines grow to 170-190 cm, and reserving 2 lateral buds of each momordica grosvenori seedling as first-stage lateral vines;
3) when the first-stage lateral vines grow to 10-20 cm, the main vines are fixed below the cultivation frame, 2 first-stage lateral vines on each momordica grosvenori seedling are fixed on the cultivation frame in a Y shape, and included angles between each first-stage lateral vine and the horizontal plane are 40-50 degrees respectively;
4) topping when 5-6 leaves grow on the first-stage lateral vines, reserving 3-4 leaves to sprout second-stage lateral vines, and reserving 2 second-stage lateral vines on each first-stage lateral vine; topping when the second-stage lateral vines grow to 4-5 leaves, reserving 2-3 leaves to germinate third-stage lateral vines, and reserving 1-2 third-stage lateral vines on each second-stage lateral vine;
5) dispersing and fixing all three-stage lateral tendrils in a fan shape on a cultivation frame; taking three-stage lateral vines with buds and plump buds as fruiting vines in each leaf axillary within 5-10 knots, and topping after the total number of flowers and fruits on a single fruiting vine reaches 10-20; and (3) carrying out short-cut or thinning shearing on three-stage lateral vines which do not have buds on each leaf axillary within 5-10 knots and are full, reserving 2-3 leaves for sprouting four-stage lateral vines on each three-stage lateral vine, reserving 1-2 four-stage lateral vines on each three-stage lateral vine, and repeating the treatment on the four-stage lateral vines until fruiting vines are formed by taking the condition that whether continuous full buds exist within 5-10 knots as a standard.
Before planting the momordica grosvenori seedlings according to the plant spacing of 1.5-2 m, land preparation and base fertilizer application are preferably carried out; the land preparation step comprises the following steps: piling up soil piles at each fructus momordicae planting point according to the specifications of 1.5-2 m plant spacing and 2-2.5 m row spacing; the height of the soil heap is preferably 0.3-0.5 m, more preferably 0.4m, the diameter is preferably 0.8-1.2 m, more preferably 1m, and the constructed soil heap is beneficial to the growth of the momordica grosvenori; the application time of the base fertilizer is preferably 1 time before the momordica grosvenori seedlings are planted; the base fertilizer preferably comprises organic farmyard manure and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, wherein 8-12 kg of organic farmyard manure, preferably 10kg of organic farmyard manure and 0.2-0.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, preferably 0.3kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied to each momordica grosvenori seedling; the organic farmyard manure preferably comprises chicken manure or pig manure; the application mode of the base fertilizer is preferably that the base fertilizer is applied and uniformly mixed with the soil when soil preparation and soil heaps or ridges are made.
After soil preparation and base fertilizer application are carried out, the momordica grosvenori seedlings are fixedly planted according to the plant spacing of 1.5-2 m, and the plant spacing of 1.5-2 m can fully utilize the space of a shed frame and meet the growth and development requirements of the momordica grosvenori; the time for permanent planting is preferably from 3 to 4 ten days.
After the arhat tree seedlings are fixedly planted, preferably, after the height of the seedlings is more than 20cm, the main vines for culturing the arhat tree seedlings grow upwards vertically depending on the culture frame, the main vines grow to 90-110 cm, the top of the main vines is topped for the first time when the main vines grow to 100cm, and 1 lateral bud is reserved as a secondary main vine; topping for the second time when the second-stage main vines grow to 140-160 cm, preferably 150cm, and reserving 1 lateral bud as a third-stage main vine; and (3) topping for the third time when the third-stage main vines grow to 170-190 cm, preferably 180cm, reserving 2 lateral buds of each momordica grosvenori seedling as first-stage lateral vines, and preferably reserving 2 robust lateral buds close to the topping and cutting positions.
The invention can promote the momordica grosvenori to bloom and fruit in advance by topping the main vines.
According to the invention, after planting and before topping of the three-stage main vines, the first topdressing is preferably applied and the soil is kept moist; the frequency of application of the first top dressing is preferably 1 time/week; the first additional fertilizer preferably comprises a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer; the dosage of the diluent for applying the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer to each momordica grosvenori seedling is preferably 0.5-2 kg, more preferably 1-1.5 kg, the application amount is based on the principle of first dilution and then concentration, and less and more, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is firstly diluted by 50-200 times during each application, and then each momordica grosvenori seedling is applied with the diluent by spraying 0.5-2 kg; according to the invention, the Momordica grosvenori seedlings can grow strongly by applying the first additional fertilizer and keeping the soil moist.
After the top of the three-stage main vines is topped, preferably applying a second additional fertilizer, wherein the application frequency of the second additional fertilizer is preferably 1-2 times; the second additional fertilizer preferably comprises potassium sulfate; the second additional fertilizer is preferably applied by root application, the application depth is preferably 5-10 cm away from the ground, more preferably 8m, and the second additional fertilizer is applied to each momordica grosvenori seedling by 0.3-0.5 kg/time, preferably 0.4 kg/time; in the specific implementation process of the method, 4 small holes with the diameter of 5-10 cm and the depth of 5-10 cm are formed around the roots of the momordica grosvenori seedlings, and 0.1kg of potassium sulfate is applied to each hole; the potassium phosphate functions to promote flowering.
When the first-stage lateral vines grow to 10-20 cm, the main vines are fixed below the cultivation frame, 2 first-stage lateral vines on each siraitia grosvenorii seedling are fixed on the cultivation frame in a Y shape, included angles between each first-stage lateral vine and the horizontal plane are 40-50 degrees, preferably 45 degrees, the 2 first-stage lateral vines are located on two sides of a planting point respectively, and the vines growing behind can be evenly distributed on the frame surface above the planting point in a fan shape.
Topping when 5-6 leaves grow on the first-stage lateral vines, reserving 3-4 leaves to sprout second-stage lateral vines, and reserving 2 second-stage lateral vines on each first-stage lateral vine; and (3) topping when the second-stage lateral vines grow to 4-5 leaves, reserving 2-3 leaves to sprout the third-stage lateral vines, and reserving 1-2 third-stage lateral vines on each second-stage lateral vine.
All three-stage lateral tendrils are dispersedly fixed on a cultivation frame in a fan shape; taking three-stage lateral vines with buds and plump buds as fruiting vines in each leaf axillary within 5-10 knots, and topping after the total number of flowers and fruits on a single fruiting vine reaches 10-20; cutting or thinning the three-stage lateral vines which do not have buds in each axillary of 5-10 knots and are full of the buds, reserving 2-3 leaves of each three-stage lateral vine after cutting, reserving 1-2 four-stage lateral vines on each three-stage lateral vine, and repeating the treatment on the four-stage lateral vines until fruiting vines are formed by taking the condition that whether continuous full buds appear in 5-10 knots as a standard; in the specific implementation process of the invention, the judgment basis of the truncation or the thinning is as follows: the number of formed fruiting vines and the growth vigor of three-level lateral vines with buds and plump buds in each leaf axil within 5-10 knots are not generated; on the basis of ensuring the quality of the momordica grosvenori, selecting third-level lateral vines with moderate growth vigor from the third-level lateral vines with buds on each axillary of leaves within 5-10 sections and plump buds to be cut short, and thinning or thinning the third-level lateral vines with vigorous growth vigor to cut.
After the fruiting vine is formed, the invention preferably further comprises applying a third additional fertilizer, wherein the application frequency of the third additional fertilizer is preferably 1; the third additional fertilizer preferably comprises a biological organic fertilizer and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, wherein 2-3 kg of the biological organic fertilizer and 0.2-0.5 kg of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer are applied to each siraitia grosvenorii seedling; the biological organic fertilizer preferably comprises a giant microbial organic fertilizer; the preferable nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer comprises Kaiping nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer.
In the full-bloom stage, the method preferably further comprises the step of applying a fourth additional fertilizer, wherein the application frequency of the fourth additional fertilizer is preferably 1-2 times; the fourth additional fertilizer preferably comprises humic acid water flush fertilizer or fulvic acid water flush fertilizer; the humic acid water flush fertilizer or the fulvic acid water flush fertilizer is preferably applied by diluting and then spraying; the humic acid water flush fertilizer or the fulvic acid water flush fertilizer has the functions of improving the fruit setting rate of the siraitia grosvenorii and promoting the swelling growth of young fruits.
The cultivation method of the invention preferably also comprises artificial pollination of female flowers of the momordica grosvenori; the opening time of the female flowers of the momordica grosvenori is preferably less than or equal to 12 hours.
The invention can be used for harvesting after 80-85 days after pollination when the peel is green, the stalk is yellow and the surface of the fruit is elastic.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Selecting an orchard protected by an insect-proof net in a Guangxi plant institute test field in Yanshan district of Guilin city as an example, wherein the orchard belongs to a subtropical climate zone, has an altitude of 168 meters and is flat in terrain; the soil is zonal red soil formed by sand shale development, the pH value is 5.57-5.82, the cation exchange capacity is 3.2-4 cmol/kg, the total nitrogen and potassium contents are low, and the total phosphorus content is medium.
Example 1
A cultivation method of momordica grosvenori comprises the following specific steps:
(1) and (3) applying base fertilizer to the soil in the first 12 months, and according to the specifications of the plant spacing of 2.0m and the row spacing of 2.5m, integrating each fructus momordicae planting point into a soil pile with the bottom surface diameter of 1m and the height of 0.4m, and applying 10kg of thoroughly decomposed chicken manure and 0.25kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to each plant to serve as the base fertilizer.
(2) Building a hedge frame along the planting rows of the momordica grosvenori, erecting by 2m, pulling 3 horizontal iron wires between 50cm away from the ground and the top of the frame, hanging a nylon net with a mesh width of 15cm on the frame, and firmly binding the net and the iron wires by using thin iron wires or nylon ropes to form a frame surface.
(3) And 4, transplanting the momordica grosvenori seedlings to a planting point after 10 days in 4 months.
(4) In order to promote the strong growth of the seedlings, after the planting and before the final topping of the main vines, besides keeping the soil moist, the phosphorus-opened nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer with the concentration of 0.5-2% is applied once a week, and the fertilizer is diluted and then concentrated.
(5) After the seedlings are 20cm high, the main vines are enabled to grow vertically upwards along the hedge frame through manual vine guiding, and all the side vines are timely erased.
(6) When the main vine is up to 1.0m, the top bud is removed and replaced by 1 strong lateral bud near the cut.
(7) And (5) when the main vines grow to about 1.7m, topping again. And 2 strong lateral buds at the upper end are reserved to grow into 2 first-level lateral vines.
(8) And 7) after topping again, forming 4 small holes with the diameter of 5-10 cm and the depth of about 10cm along the periphery of the seedling rhizosphere, and applying 0.1kg of potassium sulfate to each hole.
(9) And 7) after topping again, reserving 2 robust lateral buds near the cut to grow into 2 first-level lateral vines, when the 2 first-level lateral vines respectively grow to 10-20 cm, firstly taking down the main vines and the lateral vines from the hedge frame, fixing the main vines on a horizontal iron line at the lower edge of the hedge frame by using clamps or ropes, and fixing the 2 first-level lateral vines on the hedge frame in a mutually reverse direction at an angle of 45 degrees.
(10) When 5-6 leaves grow on the first-stage lateral vines, topping in time, and reserving 3-4 leaves for each vine to sprout second-stage lateral vines; after the secondary lateral tendrils germinate, reserving 2 strips, topping at 4-5 leaves, and reserving 2-3 leaves for each tendrils to germinate tertiary lateral tendrils; and reserving 1-2 pieces of the third-level lateral tendrils after germination.
(11) Arranging all the three-stage vines in a fan shape and uniformly distributing the vines on a trellis, observing the flower bud differentiation condition of the vines, if continuous full flower buds appear within 10 knots, taking the full flower buds as fruit vines to continue growing, and topping the vines until the total number of flowers and fruits of each vine reaches 10-20; and if no continuous full buds appear within 10 knots, cutting the buds to 2-3 leaves of the base part, promoting the growth of 1-2 fourth-level lateral vines, treating the third-level lateral vines in the same way, and repeating the steps until fruiting vines are formed.
(12) After the fruiting vines are formed in the step 11), ditching and applying heavy fertilizer once along the rhizosphere of the seedlings, wherein 2.5kg of giant microbial organic fertilizer and 0.25kg of phosphate-potassium ternary compound fertilizer are applied to each seedling.
(13) When the full-bloom stage comes, 0.25kg of strong fruit water flush fertilizer is applied to each plant to improve the fruit setting rate and promote the expansion and growth of young fruits.
(14) And (3) carrying out artificial pollination on the female flowers of the momordica grosvenori which is opened on the same day along the two sides of the fence frame, and maturing the fruits for harvesting when the green of the peel is removed, the fruit stalks turn yellow and the fruit surfaces are elastic after 80-85 days of pollination.
Through measurement and statistics, the average yield of the momordica grosvenori fruits is 72 fruits, the converted yield per mu is 9605 fruits per mu, and the average yield is basically equivalent to the average yield of the current momordica grosvenori production area (about 10000 fruits per mu). But the space between the rows of the orchard occupies about half of available land, and the orchard can be completely used for planting other cash crops.
Example 2
A cultivation method of momordica grosvenori comprises the following specific steps:
(1) and (3) applying base fertilizer to the soil in the first 12 months, and according to the specifications of the plant spacing of 2.0m and the row spacing of 2.5m, integrating each fructus momordicae planting point into a soil pile with the bottom surface diameter of 1m and the height of 0.4m, and applying 10kg of decomposed pig manure and 0.25kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to each plant to serve as the base fertilizer.
(2) Building a hedge frame along the planting rows of the momordica grosvenori, erecting by 2m, pulling 3 horizontal iron wires between 50cm away from the ground and the top of the frame, hanging a nylon net with a mesh width of 15cm on the frame, and firmly binding the net and the iron wires by using thin iron wires or nylon ropes to form a frame surface.
(3)4, 5 days after 4 months, transplanting the momordica grosvenori seedlings to a planting point.
(4) In order to promote the strong growth of the seedlings, after the planting and before the final topping of the main vines, besides keeping the soil moist, the phosphorus-opened nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer with the concentration of 0.5-2% is applied once a week, and the fertilizer is diluted and then concentrated.
(5) After the seedlings are 20cm high, the main vines are enabled to grow vertically upwards along the hedge frame through manual vine guiding, and all the side vines are timely erased.
(6) When the main vine is up to 1.0m and 1.5m, the terminal buds are removed twice and replaced by 1 strong lateral bud close to the cut.
(7) And (5) when the main vines grow to about 1.8m, topping again. And 2 strong lateral buds at the upper end are reserved to grow into 2 first-level lateral vines.
(8) And 7) after topping again, forming 4 small holes with the diameter of 5-10 cm and the depth of about 10cm along the periphery of the seedling rhizosphere, and applying 0.1kg of potassium sulfate to each hole.
(9) And 7) after topping again, reserving 2 robust lateral buds near the cut to grow into 2 first-level lateral vines, when the 2 first-level lateral vines respectively grow to 10-20 cm, firstly taking down the main vines and the lateral vines from the hedge frame, fixing the main vines on a horizontal iron line at the lower edge of the hedge frame by using clamps or ropes, and fixing the 2 first-level lateral vines on the hedge frame in a mutually reverse direction at an angle of 45 degrees.
(10) When 5-6 leaves grow on the first-stage lateral vines, topping in time, and reserving 3-4 leaves per vine to sprout second-stage lateral vines; after the secondary lateral tendrils germinate, reserving 2 strips, topping 4-5 leaves, reserving 2-3 leaves for each tendrils to germinate tertiary lateral tendrils; and reserving 1-2 pieces of the third-level lateral tendrils after germination.
(11) Arranging all the three-stage vines in a fan shape and uniformly distributing the vines on a trellis, observing the flower bud differentiation condition of the vines, if continuous full flower buds appear within 10 knots, taking the full flower buds as fruit vines to continue growing, and topping the vines until the total number of flowers and fruits of each vine reaches 10-20; and if no continuous full buds appear within 10 knots, cutting the buds to 2-3 leaves of the base part, promoting the growth of 1-2 fourth-level lateral vines, treating the third-level lateral vines in the same way, and repeating the steps until fruiting vines are formed.
(12) After the fruiting vines are formed in the step 11), ditching and applying heavy fertilizer once along the rhizosphere of the seedlings, wherein 2.5kg of giant microbial organic fertilizer and 0.25kg of phosphate-potassium ternary compound fertilizer are applied to each seedling.
(13) When the full-bloom stage comes, 0.25kg of strong fruit water flush fertilizer is applied to each plant to improve the fruit setting rate and promote the expansion and growth of young fruits.
(14) And (3) carrying out artificial pollination on the female flowers of the momordica grosvenori which is opened on the same day along the two sides of the fence frame, and maturing the fruits for harvesting when the green of the peel is removed, the fruit stalks turn yellow and the fruit surfaces are elastic after 80-85 days of pollination.
Through measurement and statistics, the average yield of the momordica grosvenori fruits is 80, the yield per mu is 10672 per mu, and the yield is slightly higher than the average yield (about 10000 per mu) of the current momordica grosvenori production area. Similarly, the space between the rows of the orchard occupies about half of available land, and the orchard can be completely used for planting other cash crops.
Example 3
A cultivation method of momordica grosvenori comprises the following specific steps:
(1) and (3) applying base fertilizer to the soil in the first 12 months, wherein the plant-row spacing adopts the specification of 1.5m × 2.5.5 m, deeply turning the soil of the planting rows by 30cm, then forming furrows with the width of 100cm and the height of 30cm, and applying the base fertilizer according to the dosage of applying 10kg of decomposed pig manure and 0.25kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer to each plant.
(2) Building a hedge frame along the planting rows of the momordica grosvenori, erecting by 2m, pulling 3 horizontal iron wires between 50cm away from the ground and the top of the frame, hanging a nylon net with a mesh width of 15cm on the frame, and firmly binding the net and the iron wires by using thin iron wires or nylon ropes to form a frame surface.
(3) And 3, 20 days after 3 months, transplanting the momordica grosvenori seedlings to a planting point.
(4) In order to promote the strong growth of the seedlings, after the planting and before the final topping of the main vines, besides keeping the soil moist, the phosphorus-opened nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer with the concentration of 0.5-2% is applied once a week, and the fertilizer is diluted and then concentrated.
(5) After the seedlings are 20cm high, the main vines are enabled to grow vertically upwards along the hedge frame through manual vine guiding, and all the side vines are timely erased.
(6) When the main vine is up to 1.0m and 1.5m, the terminal buds are removed twice and replaced by 1 strong lateral bud close to the cut.
(7) And (5) when the main vines grow to about 1.8m, topping again. And 2 strong lateral buds at the upper end are reserved to grow into 2 first-level lateral vines.
(8) And 7) after topping again, forming shallow trenches with the depth of 5-10 cm along the periphery of the seedling rhizosphere, and applying 0.25kg of potassium sulfate to each seedling.
(9) And 7) after topping again, reserving 2 robust lateral buds near the cut to grow into 2 first-level lateral vines, when the 2 first-level lateral vines respectively grow to 10-20 cm, firstly taking down the main vines and the lateral vines from the hedge frame, fixing the main vines on a horizontal iron line at the lower edge of the hedge frame by using clamps or ropes, and fixing the 2 first-level lateral vines on the hedge frame in a mutually reverse direction at an angle of 45 degrees.
(10) When 5-6 leaves grow on the first-stage lateral vines, topping in time, and reserving 3-4 leaves per vine to sprout second-stage lateral vines; after the secondary lateral tendrils germinate, reserving 2 strips, topping 4-5 leaves, reserving 2-3 leaves for each tendrils to germinate tertiary lateral tendrils; and reserving 1-2 pieces of the third-level lateral tendrils after germination.
(11) Arranging all the three-stage vines in a fan shape and uniformly distributing the vines on a trellis, observing the flower bud differentiation condition of the vines, if continuous full flower buds appear within 10 knots, taking the full flower buds as fruit vines to continue growing, and topping the vines until the total number of flowers and fruits of each vine reaches 10-20; and if no continuous full buds appear within 10 knots, cutting the buds to 2-3 leaves of the base part, promoting the growth of 1-2 fourth-level lateral vines, treating the third-level lateral vines in the same way, and repeating the steps until fruiting vines are formed.
(12) After the fruiting vines are formed in the step 11), ditching and applying heavy fertilizer once along the rhizosphere of the seedlings, wherein 2.5kg of giant microbial organic fertilizer and 0.25kg of phosphate-potassium ternary compound fertilizer are applied to each seedling.
(13) When the full-bloom stage comes, 0.25kg of strong fruit water flush fertilizer is applied to each plant to improve the fruit setting rate and promote the expansion and growth of young fruits.
(14) And (3) carrying out artificial pollination on the female flowers of the momordica grosvenori which is opened on the same day along the two sides of the fence frame, and maturing the fruits for harvesting when the green of the peel is removed, the fruit stalks turn yellow and the fruit surfaces are elastic after 80-85 days of pollination.
Through measurement and statistics, the average yield of the momordica grosvenori fruits is 82 fruits, the reduced yield per mu is 14585 fruits/mu, and the average yield is obviously higher than the average yield (about 10000 fruits/mu) of the current momordica grosvenori production area. Similarly, the space between the rows of the orchard occupies about half of available land, and the orchard can be completely used for planting other cash crops.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A cultivation method of momordica grosvenori is characterized in that cultivation frames adopted in the cultivation method are vertical cultivation frames, the cultivation frames are arranged in rows, and the width between every two adjacent rows of cultivation frames is 2.3-2.8 m;
the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
1) planting the momordica grosvenori seedlings according to the plant spacing of 1.5-2 m;
2) after field planting, the main vines for culturing the momordica grosvenori seedlings grow upwards vertically depending on the cultivation frames, topping is carried out for the first time when the main vines grow to 90-110 cm, and 1 lateral bud is reserved as a secondary main vine; topping for the second time when the second-stage main vines grow to 140-160 cm, and reserving 1 lateral bud as a third-stage main vine; topping for the third time when the third-stage main vines grow to 170-190 cm, and reserving 2 lateral buds of each momordica grosvenori seedling as first-stage lateral vines;
3) when the first-stage lateral vines grow to 10-20 cm, the main vines are fixed below the cultivation frame, 2 first-stage lateral vines on each momordica grosvenori seedling are fixed on the cultivation frame in a Y shape, and included angles between each first-stage lateral vine and the horizontal plane are 40-50 degrees respectively;
4) topping when 5-6 leaves grow on the first-stage lateral vines, reserving 3-4 leaves to sprout second-stage lateral vines, and reserving 2 second-stage lateral vines on each first-stage lateral vine; topping when the second-stage lateral vines grow to 4-5 leaves, reserving 2-3 leaves to germinate third-stage lateral vines, and reserving 1-2 third-stage lateral vines on each second-stage lateral vine;
5) dispersing and fixing all three-stage lateral tendrils in a fan shape on a cultivation frame; taking three-stage lateral vines with buds and plump buds as fruiting vines in each leaf axillary within 5-10 knots, and topping after the total number of flowers and fruits on a single fruiting vine reaches 10-20; and (3) carrying out short-cut or thinning shearing on three-stage lateral vines which do not have buds and are full in leaf axilla within 5-10 knots, reserving 2-3 leaves of each three-stage lateral vine after the short-cut lateral vines germinate four-stage lateral vines, reserving 1-2 four-stage lateral vines on each three-stage lateral vine, and repeating the treatment on the four-stage lateral vines until fruiting vines are formed by taking the condition that whether continuous full buds appear within 5-10 knots as a standard.
2. The method of growing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the growing frame includes support posts, wire and nylon mesh; the vertical height of the support column is 2-2.5 m; the iron wires are fixed on the support columns and are horizontally distributed from the positions 40-50 cm away from the ground to the tops of the support columns; the nylon net is fixed on the iron wire.
3. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spacing between two support columns in each row of cultivation shelves is 3-4 m.
4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the number of the iron wires from a position 40 to 50cm from the ground to the top of the support column is 3 to 4.
5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the mesh width of the nylon net is 15 to 20 cm.
6. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising fertilizing; the fertilization comprises the steps of applying base fertilizer, first additional fertilizer, second additional fertilizer, third additional fertilizer and fourth additional fertilizer;
the application time of the base fertilizer is 1 time before the momordica grosvenori seedlings are planted; the base fertilizer comprises organic farmyard manure and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, wherein 8-12 kg of organic farmyard manure and 0.2-0.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied to each momordica grosvenori seedling;
the application time of the first additional fertilizer is from after field planting to before topping of the three-stage main vines, and the application frequency is 1 time/week; the first additional fertilizer comprises a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer; the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is applied after being diluted by 50-200 times, and the mass of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer diluent applied to each momordica grosvenori seedling every time is 0.5-2 kg;
the second additional fertilizer is applied for 1-2 times after the top of the three-stage main vines is topped; the second additional fertilizer comprises potassium sulfate;
the application time of the third additional fertilizer is 1 time after fruiting vines are formed; the third additional fertilizer comprises a biological organic fertilizer and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, wherein 2-3 kg of the biological organic fertilizer and 0.2-0.5 kg of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer are applied to each siraitia grosvenorii seedling;
the application time of the fourth additional fertilizer is the full-bloom period, and the application times are 1-2; the fourth additional fertilizer comprises humic acid water flush fertilizer or fulvic acid water flush fertilizer.
7. The cultivation method according to claim 6, wherein the second additional fertilizer is applied by root application, the application depth is 5-10 cm from the ground, and 0.3-0.5 kg of the second additional fertilizer is applied to each Siraitia grosvenorii seedling.
8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, further comprising artificial pollination of female flowers of Lo Han Guo.
9. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the open time of the female flowers of Siraitia grosvenorii is less than or equal to 12 h.
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