CN1265821A - Cultivation method for making grape retain stable yield, and good quality - Google Patents
Cultivation method for making grape retain stable yield, and good quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN1265821A CN1265821A CN 99103864 CN99103864A CN1265821A CN 1265821 A CN1265821 A CN 1265821A CN 99103864 CN99103864 CN 99103864 CN 99103864 A CN99103864 A CN 99103864A CN 1265821 A CN1265821 A CN 1265821A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a cultivation method for making grape obtain continuous stable yield and high quality, and includes the following steps: defining plant row density, said plant row density is 0.52-0.78 multiplied by 1.2-2m, and its trimming technology, adopting double-row plant alternative regenerating scheme, including plant-joining vine-pressing rooting and branch-growing method and plant-separating grafting vine-pressing rooting and branch-growing method, and the double vertical frame tree form is the oblique-vine vertical-plant regular arrangement form, and its plant row density and trimming method can be regulated according to the different cultivation area, cultivation mode, plant variety and regenerating method.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of grape, particularly make the cultivation method of grape retain stable yield, and good quality.
Grape as referred to herein is meant the mattae of Vitaceae fallen leaves bejuco, is not to refer to its fruit-daily edible berry grape.
Grape be happiness light again can not be own upright, to rely on and climb up by holding on to the plant of striving for sunlight, its per unit area yield, gross output and economic worth are all than higher.The aging of the single plant of grape is irresistible, and the grapevine seedling of planting together in the field is inevitable so that enter into by carrying out the transition to the high yield and high quality phase first term declining period, therefore usually compel not dug out whole plant, replant in the garden of ruining, and causes the output instability of grape, the quality instability.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method that makes grape retain stable yield, and good quality; it is a kind of orchard worker's of being suitable for operation; manage simple, good in economic efficiency, north and south is all suitable, the cultivation method that makes grape retain stable yield, and good quality that the protection ground viticulture of the most suitable central and north is used.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of cultivation method that makes grape retain stable yield, and good quality, definite, its pruning technique of comprising its plant density, it is characterized in that: described plant density is 0.52-0.78 * 1.2-2m, adopt the duplicate rows plant to replace update scheme comprises and connects the strain long shoot method and from the different root long shoot method of overgrowing of strain grafting of taking root of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant, the tree-like of two stands is the regularly arranged shape of climing upright strain of tilting, and can adjust described plant density and trimming method according to the difference of cultural area, planting type, nursery stock kind and update method.
The above-mentioned cultivation method that makes grape retain stable yield, and good quality is characterized in that: plant cuttage seeding or sow when connecing seedling when described nursery stock kind adopts, the method for adjustment of described plant density is:
A. be need protect ground with the viny region of accurate organic matter or simple and crude organic matter winter protection open country, the winter that does not need the grape main producing region of undercarriage winter protection winter at cultural area,
Wide row space is 1.3-2m between two stand framves of outdoor cropping;
B. be that winter need be with the producing region, the central and north of the winter protection of in the ranks fetching earth at cultural area,
Open country carries that wide row space is 2.5-3m between two stand framves of training, in two stand framves apart from being 1m;
C. implement connecting keep down the vines of a creeping plant the take root spacing in the rows of long shoot method of strain is 0.52-0.6m;
D. implementing from the different spacing in the rows of overgrowing root long shoot method of strain grafting is 0.78-0.8m;
The objective of the invention is to rely on the plant density of appropriateness, corresponding pruning technique, particularly reasonably duplicate rows plant alternate cycle takes root in that update method realizes.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. by the method for batch updating, the first term of the grape in the realization garden, high yield and high quality phase, the balanced appearance of declining period, realize continuing stable yields.Original viticulture technology.To sacrifice quality is cost, adopt the trimming method of brachyplast, ultrashort branch and retraction, branch is pruned and is upgraded in turn, to delay senility, this method can not make the plant body delay senility, some day, plant senesecence, just need dig out old strain, replant in the garden of ruining, cause the orchard to have at least 3 annual productions to interrupt, in the whole cycle fluctuation of the product quality in each period very big, the sale prestige of grape berry is brought tangible influence.
2. cultivate the stable yields mode that duplicate rows replaces by rule trimming.The present invention is building in the design of determining to go with the posture tree of garden plant apart from density, and in the pruning process, consider the climing and middle long shoot cutting back pruning of branch method fully, utilize the female climing middle part full mixed bud long shoot result of result, reach the purpose of precocity fruiting, the good fruit of knot and quick shaping, early high-yield high-quality.The present invention has considered that simultaneously Cheng Yuanhou adopts two strain alternate cycle to take root in the implementation condition of method, and plant density rule appropriateness makes the tree-like height of posture orderly by pruning, makes plant obtain superior life condition.
3. technical scheme is detailed, and the orchard worker with basic general knowledge just can operate easily, and management method is simple, the orchard is good in economic efficiency, north-south climate is all suitable, and the protection ground viticulture of the most suitable central and north is used.
4. by the two best branches and leaves of the tree-like realization of stand positions, realize the purpose of stable high yield.It is artificial shortening ground branches and leaves and underground extent of the root system and the height and the distance height of nature that the routine of grapevine seedling is upgraded, generally be by brachyplast, ultrashort branch or old climing method of taking turns the retraction pruning, delay branches and leaves away from root system, but adopt this method, can not always in the position of the best eye appear, it is unpractical allowing plant keep the nearest optimum state of branches and leaves, therefore, inevitably produce branches and leaves away from situation.
The present invention carries out the duplicate rows plant and periodically takes root in update method and realized that the twig nearest apart from root system arranged forever, promptly plant or take root in, upgrade the short plant of new root system and branches and leaves distance, reach appropriate optimum state as early as possible by natural selection, keep this state a period of time such as several years, make it substitute former plant and continue the result not dug out (be the plant that just enters best in quality and output state step down before) to the old and feeble time limit.Like this, just can not influence renewal yield and quality then, and the grape retain stable yield, and good quality in orchard there has been guarantee again after making.The enforcement of this update method has solved for the too fast problem of setting fruit position reach that realizes that the early high-yield high-quality occurs, for realizing making grape retain stable yield, and good quality that assurance is provided.This also is to make the present invention compare one of characteristics that have significant technological progress with other technologies.
5. adopt reasonable spacing in the rows density, provide assurance, guarantee that simultaneously all plant obtain rational sunlight, have guaranteed the quality and yield of grape for realizing two stand crop rotation methods.
6. adjust described plant density and trimming method according to the difference of cultural area, planting type, nursery stock kind and update method, this makes method of the present invention more meet scientific law, and experience and embodiment that can the operator adjust, and reaches better effect.
Accompanying drawing 1 is the plant structural representation that adopts the method for keeping down the vines of a creeping plant to upgrade among the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the plant structural representations that adopt planting method to upgrade among the present invention, and time location is after building garden fallen leaves the 4th year early winter, before the renewal pruning.
Accompanying drawing 3 be the plant of adopting the method for keeping down the vines of a creeping plant to upgrade upgrade for the 1st time the plant state in the 1st year.
Accompanying drawing 4 is to implement to carry for the 1st time the method for planting to upgrade the 1st year, and time location is after building garden fallen leaves the 5th year early winter, before the pruning, and duplicate rows grapevine seedling acrial part form stereogram.
Be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Embodiment 1:
A kind of cultivation method that makes grape retain stable yield, and good quality, definite, its pruning technique of comprising its plant density, plant density is 0.52-0.78 * 1.2-2m, adopt the duplicate rows plant to replace update scheme comprises and connects the strain long shoot method and from the different root long shoot method of overgrowing of strain grafting of taking root of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant, the tree-like of two stands is the regularly arranged shape of climing upright strain of tilting, and can adjust described plant density and trimming method according to the difference of cultural area, planting type, nursery stock kind and update method.
Embodiment 2:
The embodiment 1 described cultivation method that makes grape retain stable yield, and good quality is planted cuttage seeding or is sowed when connecing seedling when described nursery stock kind adopts, and the method for adjustment of described plant density is:
A. be need protect ground with the viny region of accurate organic matter or simple and crude organic matter winter protection open country, the winter that does not need the grape main producing region of undercarriage winter protection winter at cultural area,
Wide row space is 1.3-2m between two stand framves of outdoor cropping;
B. be that winter need be with the producing region, the central and north of the winter protection of in the ranks fetching earth at cultural area, open country carries that wide row space is 2.5-3m between two stand framves of training, in two stand framves apart from being 1m;
C. implement connecting keep down the vines of a creeping plant the take root spacing in the rows of long shoot method of strain is 0.52-0.6m;
D. implementing from the different spacing in the rows of overgrowing root long shoot method of strain grafting is 0.78-0.8m;
Embodiment 3:
Embodiment 1 or the 2 described cultivation methods that make grape retain stable yield, and good quality, described keep down the vines of a creeping plant take root trimming method and cultivation, the update method of long shoot method of strain that connect is:
A. upgrading for the first time is to carry the 4th year that plants cuttage seeding in the capable garden of building of A, after falling leaves early winter, contract earlier and cut branch toward female 4 the climing fruit branches of the capable every strain of B, plough deeply and dig out the capable parallel ditch of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant in the fertilising of B line position with A, climing two fruit branches of capable every strain south 1 one's old mother of A are capable toward B as dividing climing branch, the north 2 fruit branches bending of these two fruit branches also is pressed in the ditch of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant, every strain divides the climing fruit branch that is pressed onto in the ditch of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant to keep the 0.52-0.6m south dip to cultivate, dividing between climing branch and the branch that is not pressed onto in the ditch of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant that is pressed onto in the ditch of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant the spacing south dip of maintenance 0.3m to be fixed on the first road iron wire each waits to prune, and do not divide climing seedling on the capable climing inside annular local panel of every strain north 2 one's old mothers of A, and be fixed with inserting underground wooden hook, every strain divides between climing two fruit branches 0.3 meter of distance, and south dip is fixedly waited to prune;
B. upgrade the back or upgrade before to the fruit branch of not pressing up to stay 0.7-0.8m from base portion, middle long shoot cutting back pruning so as the coming year in the capable long shoot result of B;
The fruit branch that is pressed onto in the ditch of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant up stays 0.5m from ground, mother is climing as a result as upgrading the coming year in moderate pruning;
Stay branch cutting back pruning among two fruit branch 0.5-0.6m of the capable every strain dish of A on climing, so that come annual bearing female climing in the capable long shoot result of A;
For being regardless of early winter in the coming year or early summer the climing renewal winter pruning of dish, prune female 1 in the south on climing of all results of duplicate rows off, the branch cutting back pruning is to be used as the annual bearing mother climing in 2 in the north, and every strain in the coming year keeps 4 climing, 4 fruit bearing shoot results of mother as a result;
C. orchard Cheng Yuanhou, climing always on the frame face, female climing, fruit branch is respectively 30 degree, 60 degree, 90 degree by the angle that tilts to upright the south, the 1st time in capable the 6th year of upgrading of B (the capable plantation of former A the 10th year) carry out second and take turns renewal in that A is capable, dig out A is capable, plant from B is capable that to be pressed onto the result be 2 years, dig out by the 10th year that upgrades the plant of the capable renewal of B for the 2nd time, divide climing to be again 2 years to the capable result of B, to realize the update cycle in 12 years from A is capable.
Embodiment 4:
Embodiment 1 or the 2 described cultivation methods that make grape retain stable yield, and good quality, described keep down the vines of a creeping plant take root trimming method and cultivation, the update method of long shoot method of strain that connect is:
A. implement carrying that the method for planting upgrades for the 1st time is to carry the 4th year early summer next year in Winter Solstice of planting grafting in the capable garden of building of A, winter is when cutting, cut branch earlier toward 6 fruit branches of the capable every strain of B, plough deeply in the fertilising of B line position, branch was pruned during the capable every strain of A north 2 old two climing fruit branches carried out, the long pruning during south 1 female two climing fruit branches carry out, winter protection is passed the winter, spring next year, the climing female climing branches of two new results of the capable every strain of A south 1 one's old mother are about to old climing fixing toward B, divide toward capable two the new fruit bearing shoot of every strain of B and divide climing distance by 0.78-0.8 rice, 0.26 distance in rice climing, south dip is fixed in the stand, and every young plant is climing in ground on the annular disk capable north 2 one's old mothers of A, and be fixed with inserting underground wooden hook, coil the climing female climing maintenance one determining deviation south dip of two new results of every strain and put on the shelf, during to early summer, the climing new result of two branches of the capable every strain of B female climing and in addition two new divide climing results female dig to carry by 0.78-0.8 rice spacing in the rows between climing plant the hole, the seedling of will living is greatly put into the hole, and south dip is carried to plant and guaranteed to survive;
B. upgrade the back or upgrade before up stays 0.7-0.8m to dividing from base portion toward capable two fruit branches of every strain of B, middle long shoot cutting back pruning so as the coming year in the capable long shoot result of B;
A shoot is only stayed in the innovation shoot strain of newly planting then, winter cuts and stays 0.8 meter to decide climing, first bud of clip is preferably in the south during cutting back pruning, summer is when cutting, two upright fruit bearing shoot results are only stayed on each inclination result's female climing top, erase the bud or the shoot of bottom at climing, two in climing north for 1, new fruit bearing shoot does not stay sublateral shoot;
For early winter in the coming year or early summer being regardless of the climing renewal winter pruning of dish, every strain is dredged at least and is gone to 1 in 1 the capable south of B, and basal shoot is pruned as coming the annual bearing mother climing, and the every strain of duplicate rows in the coming year has female climing 10 the fruit bearing shoot results of 5 results;
C. orchard Cheng Yuanhou, climing always on the frame face, female climing, fruit branch is respectively 30 degree, 60 degree, 90 degree by the angle that tilts to upright the south, the 1st time in capable the 6th year of upgrading of B (the capable plantation of former A the 10th year) carry out second and take turns renewal in that A is capable, dig out A is capable, plant from B is capable that to be pressed onto the result be 2 years, dig out by the 10th year that upgrades the plant of the capable renewal of B for the 2nd time, divide climing to be again 2 years to the capable result of B, to realize the update cycle in 12 years from A is capable.
In addition, the stable yields that should be noted that indication of the present invention is the gross yield that the gross yield of unit are several years is significantly higher than control group, and stable yield, can make the orchard not have the output rest periods to continue stable yields later on from building the garden, can make simultaneously the annual production in orchard stable, almost not fluctuation.
Adopt the present invention,, make the grape berry of output keep the stable high quality state owing to there are enough plant to be in outstanding output state.Under the condition of this continual and steady good quality and high output, the producer can the application of the invention realization obtains the purpose of higher economic benefit.By implementing the present invention, not only can set up the mode of two framves, also can set up many mode, to expand the scale of production, improve planting type, reduce cost, create higher yield and quality, obtain better economic benefit, form an optimum viticulture economy circulation.
Below itemize by the time position and to implement method of operating of the present invention:
1. build the 1-3 in garden:
The 1st year: adopt keep down the vines of a creeping plant method or cultivation after being specified to the garden by cultural area, cultivation winter protection mode etc. earlier, determine the grape nursery stock kind of cultivation, determine wide row space between two stand framves again, little line-spacing was 1 meter in the frame.After line-spacing is determined, plough deeply fertilising and dig a vertical planting furrow wholely in that A is capable.Early summer, the grape seedlings of cuttage seeding or grafting bred big seedling alive after, put into planting furrow by 0.52-0.78 rice spacing in the rows, it is planted guarantees to survive.Must stay two shoots (if stay a shoot, the altricial garden of meeting 2 years) also in time to put on the shelf on the 1st year, shoot does not stay sublateral shoot.Winter, two shoots of every strain stayed the fixed climing of 0.8-0.9 rice, pass the winter after cutting when cutting.
The 2nd year: vegetative period spring and summer the climing curved incline to the south of two masters of every strain is put on the shelf, two climing tops of master, 4 shoots of selecting and remain, two shoots 1 were in climing south, and two shoots 2 are in time tied up branch summer and go pair slightly in climing north, and it is grown up strong and sturdy.Winter does not need the area of undercarriage winter protection or the plant of protection ground cultivation when cutting, and just divide every strain south 1 upright climing two shoots toward B capable early winter, fixes with wooden hook, keeps a determining deviation south dip to put on the shelf.Two shoots up stay long shoot cutting back pruning the 0.7-0.8 rice from base portion, and it is climing to do the capable mother as a result of B, and dividing climing purpose is that in another row result or the renewal of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant, coiling climing purpose is that short-term prevents to move past on the setting fruit position many unnecessary fruit branch branch of this row.After winter cut, nature or winter protection were passed the winter.
The 3rd year: the every strain of duplicate rows has 4, and mother was climing as a result, 8 fruit bearing shoot of selecting and remain, and the winter is when cutting, the method of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant is that female 1 climing in the south of all results of duplicate rows is pruned off, branch cutting back pruning in 2 in the north is used as the annual bearing mother climing, keeps 4 of every strains climing, 8 fruit bearing shoot results of mother as a result the coming year.The every strain of the rule of planting is dredged less and is gone to 1 in 1 the capable south of B, branch cutting back pruning during it is carried out, and the every strain of duplicate rows in the coming year has female climing 10 the fruit bearing shoot results of 5 results, enters next year after cutting.
2. adopt the method for keeping down the vines of a creeping plant building the garden the 4th year:
Plant of the present invention as Fig. 1, in vegetative period spring and summer in the 4th year of building the garden, the angle that makes each 4 old climing the south of plant of frame face duplicate rows is 30 degree, be big inclination, 4 climing angle 60 degree in the south of mother tilt, keep 4 on the arrangement frame of equidistant planning to tilt female climing, the fruit branch result who selects and remain 8 upright 90 degree, upgrade in capable the 1st the enforcement method of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant of B early winter: the 1st step contracted earlier cuts branch toward capable 4 fruit branches of every strain of B, deep-cut in the capable fertilising of B, article one, the ditch of vertically keeping down the vines of a creeping plant, the 2nd step divided two climing fruit branches of the capable every strain of A south 1 one's old mother toward B capable more again, and every strain divides toward being pressed in the ditch of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant of 1 bending in north of two capable fruit branches of B, be pressed onto in the ditch after, distance between branch is a 0.52-0.6 rice, and south dip is good with earth culture.The branch that makes every strain be pressed onto the branch in the ditch at last and be not pressed onto in the ditch keeps 0.3 meter spacing, equidistantly puts on the shelf.The branch of not pressing up to stay 0.7-0.8 rice from base portion, long shoot is pruned in the work, and is climing as the mother as a result in the coming year, and in the capable long shoot result of taking root of B, the branch that is pressed onto in the ditch up stays 0.5 meter moderate pruning from ground, and mother is climing as a result as upgrading the coming year, in the capable long shoot result of taking root of B.In the 3rd step, the capable every strain north of A 2 is old climing on the annular local panel, coil climing branch and keeps a determining deviation in row staying, and the rule inclination is put on the shelf and tied up, and two fruit branches of every strain stay a cutting back pruning in the 0.5-0.6 rice, are used as the annual bearing mother climing in the capable long shoot result of A.
3 adopt to carry the method for planting is building the 4th year of garden:
Plant of the present invention as Fig. 2, in vegetative period spring and summer in the 4th year of building the garden, the angle that makes each 4 old climing the south of plant of frame face duplicate rows is 30 degree, be big inclination, 5 climing angle 60 degree in the south of mother tilt, keep 5 inclinations of arrangement frame of equidistant planning female climing, the fruit branch result who selects and remain 10 upright 90 degree.Winter is when cutting, contract earlier and cut branch toward capable 6 fruit branches of every strain of B, plough deeply in the capable fertilising of B is to plant in the next spring to prepare wholely, the capable plant of A south 1 female two climing fruit branches are stayed 0.7-0.8 rice, in long shoot prune to prepare come the fraction of the year toward the capable long shoot result of B, be pressed onto branch in the ditch and up stay 0.5 meter moderate pruning to do from ground to upgrade the result coming year female climing in the capable long shoot result of taking root of B.The 3rd step is old climing in row on the annular local panel staying the capable every strain north of A 2.Coil climing branch and keep certain spacing rule to tilt to put on the shelf tying up, two fruit branches of every strain stay branch cutting back pruning in the 0.5-0.6 rice, do annual bearing female climing in the capable long shoot result of A.
4. the present invention as shown in Figure 2, preparing to implement planting method upgrades, build the garden the 4th year, the spring and summer growth makes the big inclination of 4 old climing angle 30 degree in the south of each plant of duplicate rows on the frame face season, 5 climing angle 60 degree in the south of mother tilt, keep the arrangement frame of equidistant rule good, 5 female climing 10 upright 90 degree fruit bearing shoot results that select and remain that tilt.Winter is when cutting, and contracts earlier and cuts branch toward 6 fruit branches of the capable every strain of B, ploughs deeply wholely to coming the spring and summer renewal of planting to prepare in the capable fertilising of B.South 1 female two climing fruit branches to the capable every strain of A stay 0.7-0.8 rice, middle long shoot is pruned the fraction of the year of preparing capable toward B, in B newline result more, it is climing in the capable result of A that another north 2 old two climing fruit branches of every strain stay in the 0.5-0.6 rice branch to prune to prepare a spring in the coming year to be the climing result of the going up mother of dish.Winter protection is passed the winter, and next year, spring and summer upgraded at the capable enforcement of B planting method for the first time.
5. the present invention as shown in Figure 3,1 year of upgrading of the method for keeping down the vines of a creeping plant that B is capable, the 5th year of building the garden, two each plant of stand duplicate rows (comprise be pressed onto in the ditch climing) still 4 mother is climing as a result, in topmost 8 the fruit bearing shoot results that select and remain.Female climing inclination on the frame face, fruit branch is upright, and growth is strengthened management in season, makes to upgrade and other technology performance actual effect, and the winter dredges southern 1 of the every strain of duplicate rows when cutting, and middle branch is pruned 2 in north, and is female climing constant for keeping 4 results next year.
6. the present invention as shown in Figure 4, the 5th year of building the garden, planting method is in capable 1 year of implementing for the first time of B.The suitable date in spring, remove cloud winter protection thing, keep the female climing branch of pruning last year of every strain south 1 old climing two results certain spacing rule to tilt to put on the shelf toward B is capable earlier, female climing of each result stays two fruit branches, and 1 in climing south, and 2 in climing north, again the capable maternal plant of the A that has cut north 2 old climing in row annular local panel, to fix annular climing always with inserting underground wooden hook, coil the certain spacing rule of climing female climing maintenance and tilt to put on the shelf, 4 of every strain duplicate rows climing 8 upright fruit bearing shoot results that select and remain of mother that tilt.This is year to early summer, earlier in that to upgrade B capable, every climing two result of branch female climing and in addition two mothers climing between, dig planting pit by 0.8 meter spacing in the rows, connect cold-resistant grape young plant and breed big seedling alive and put into planting pit sowing, its south dip is planted, guarantee to survive.New renewal plant only stays a shoot then, and the winter cuts and stays 0.8-0.9 rice fixed climing.
7. build the garden the 6th year, keep down the vines of a creeping plant or planted 1 year that upgrades, the method of the keeping down the vines of a creeping plant winter is cut branch toward the capable old climing and climing fruit branch of capable every strain south 1 one's old mother of A in south that there is not pressure of B, one strain becomes two strains at duplicate rows, the capable north of the capable old climing and A that upgrade to press of B last time 2 is old climing separately in row on the spot on the annular disk, and the branch pruning of putting on the shelf comes annual bearing.The plant that planting method is newly planted stays two branches on main climing top, and 1 in climing south, and 2 in climing north.Method and the planting method pruning management of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant in several years later on is roughly the same, but has any different.Separately by pruned the update method cultivation in the past, capable the 6th year of upgrading of B is for the second time in the capable renewal of A, and to plant be 4 years in the time of the capable renewal of B for the first time in the garden of building, build the garden to plant the capable renewal of A be 10 years from A is capable for such one time, the capable plant of A was dug out on the 8th year, being updated to the capable renewal of B from the capable method of pressing or plant of B later on has been exactly 12 years, grapevine seedling in the capable renewal of B dug out on the 10th year for the second time, from A capable divide climing the capable result of B 2 years, just the capable two annual overhaul spare time of B increase soil fertility the time, have still 12 years altogether, alternately the root branch update cycle is 12 years.By aforesaid a kind of cultivation method cultivation that makes grape retain stable yield, and good quality.Be equipped with good place of production condition, strengthen soil, fertile, water management, the extermination of disease and insect pest etc.We just can annual successively stably produce the grape product more, that integrated quality is various in the cultivating grape garden.
Description of drawings:
Two single framves of A, the two stands of 3 expressions or row, 1 represent climing southern 1 old climing female climing, southern 1 northern 2 mothers of 1 north 2, south Climing climing southern 1 fruit branch, 2 to represent 1 north 2, south old climing climing northern 2 female climing, 1 north, south, 2 female climing climing northern 2 fruit branches, branches and tendrils On have a horizontal horizontal place that is illustrated in to prune. It is that this climing preparation of expression (to have implemented) divides climing renewal that arrow is arranged on climing. Figure prunes the solid of part on two stands one (two) the strain grapevine seedling before upgrading for after early winter, grapevine seedling was fallen leaves Form schematic diagram (1: 25).
Claims (4)
1. cultivation method that makes grape retain stable yield, and good quality, definite, its pruning technique of comprising its plant density, it is characterized in that: described plant density is 0.52-0.78 * 1.2-2m, adopt the duplicate rows plant to replace update scheme comprises and connects strain long shoot method and the different root long shoot method of overgrowing of high strain grafting of taking root of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant, the tree-like of two stands is the regularly arranged shape of climing upright strain of tilting, and can adjust described plant density and trimming method according to the difference of cultural area, planting type, nursery stock kind and update method.
2. the cultivation method that makes grape retain stable yield, and good quality according to claim 1 is characterized in that: plant cuttage seeding or sow when connecing seedling when described nursery stock kind adopts, the method for adjustment of described plant density is:
A. be need protect ground with the viny region of accurate organic matter or simple and crude organic matter winter protection open country, the winter that does not need the grape main producing region of undercarriage winter protection winter at cultural area,
Wide row space is 1.3-2m between two stand framves of outdoor cropping;
B. be that winter need be with the producing region, the central and north of the winter protection of in the ranks fetching earth at cultural area,
Open country carries that wide row space is 2.5-3m between two stand framves of training, in two stand framves apart from being 1m;
C. implement connecting keep down the vines of a creeping plant the take root spacing in the rows of long shoot method of strain is 0.52-0.6m;
D. implementing the different spacing in the rows of overgrowing root long shoot method of high strain grafting is 0.78-0.8m;
3. the cultivation method that makes grape retain stable yield, and good quality according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described keep down the vines of a creeping plant take root trimming method and cultivation, the update method of long shoot method of strain that connect is:
A. upgrading for the first time is to carry the 4th year that plants cuttage seeding in the capable garden of building of A, after falling leaves early winter, contract earlier and cut branch toward female 4 the climing fruit branches of the capable every strain of B, plough deeply and dig out the capable parallel ditch of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant in the fertilising of B line position with A, climing two fruit branches of capable every strain south 1 one's old mother of A are capable toward B as dividing climing branch, the north 2 fruit branches bending of these two fruit branches also is pressed in the ditch of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant, every strain divides the climing fruit branch that is pressed onto in the ditch of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant to keep the 0.52-0.6m south dip to cultivate, dividing between climing branch and the branch that is not pressed onto in the ditch of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant that is pressed onto in the ditch of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant the spacing south dip of maintenance 0.3m to be fixed on the first road iron wire each waits to prune, and do not divide climing seedling on the capable climing inside annular local panel of every strain north 2 one's old mothers of A, and be fixed with inserting underground wooden hook, every strain divides between climing two fruit branches 0.3 meter of distance, and south dip is fixedly waited to prune;
B. upgrade the back or upgrade before to the fruit branch of not pressing up to stay 0.7-0.8m from base portion, middle long shoot cutting back pruning so as the coming year in the capable long shoot result of B;
The fruit branch that is pressed onto in the ditch of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant up stays 0.5m from ground, mother is climing as a result as upgrading the coming year in moderate pruning;
Stay branch cutting back pruning among two fruit branch 0.5-0.6m of the capable every strain dish of A on climing, so that come annual bearing female climing in the capable long shoot result of A;
Dish is climing for being regardless of early winter in the coming year or early summer, when upgrading winter pruning, prune female 1 in the south on climing of all results of duplicate rows off, and the branch cutting back pruning is to be used as the annual bearing mother climing in 2 in the north, and every strain in the coming year keeps 4 climing, 4 fruit bearing shoot results of mother as a result;
C. orchard Cheng Yuanhou, climing always on the frame face, female climing, fruit branch is respectively 30 degree, 60 degree, 90 degree by the angle that tilts to upright the south, the 1st time in capable the 6th year of upgrading of B (the capable plantation of former A the 10th year) carry out second and take turns renewal in that A is capable, dig out A is capable, plant from B is capable that to be pressed onto the result be 2 years, dig out by the 10th year that upgrades the plant of the capable renewal of B for the 2nd time, divide climing to be again 2 years to the capable result of B, to realize the update cycle in 12 years from A is capable.
4. the cultivation method that makes grape retain stable yield, and good quality according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described keep down the vines of a creeping plant take root trimming method and cultivation, the update method of long shoot method of strain that connect is:
A. implement carrying that the method for planting upgrades for the 1st time is to carry the 4th year early summer next year in Winter Solstice of planting grafting in the capable garden of building of A, winter is when cutting, cut branch earlier toward 6 fruit branches of the capable every strain of B, plough deeply in the fertilising of B line position, branch was pruned during the capable every strain of A north 2 old two climing fruit branches carried out, the long pruning during south 1 female two climing fruit branches carry out, winter protection is passed the winter, spring next year, the climing female climing branches of two new results of the capable every strain of A south 1 one's old mother are about to old climing fixing toward B, divide toward capable two the new fruit bearing shoot of every strain of B and divide climing distance by 0.78-0.8 rice, 0.26 distance in rice climing, south dip is fixed in the stand, and every young plant is climing in ground on the annular disk capable north 2 one's old mothers of A, and be fixed with inserting underground wooden hook, coil the climing female climing maintenance one determining deviation south dip of two new results of every strain and put on the shelf, during to early summer, the climing new result of two branches of the capable every strain of B female climing and in addition two new divide climing results female dig to carry by 0.78-0.8 rice spacing in the rows between climing plant the hole, the seedling of will living is greatly put into the hole, and south dip is carried to plant and guaranteed to survive;
B. upgrade the back or upgrade before up stays 0.7-0.8m to dividing from base portion toward capable two fruit branches of every strain of B, middle long shoot cutting back pruning so as the coming year in the capable long shoot result of B;
The renewal plant of newly planting only stays a shoot then, winter cuts and stays 0.8 meter to decide climing, first bud of clip is preferably in the south during cutting back pruning, summer is when cutting, two upright fruit bearing shoot results are only stayed on each inclination result's female climing top, erase the bud or the shoot of bottom at climing, two in climing north for 1, new fruit bearing shoot does not stay sublateral shoot;
For early winter in the coming year or early summer being regardless of the climing renewal winter pruning of dish, every strain is dredged at least and is gone to 1 in 1 the capable south of B, and basal shoot is pruned as coming the annual bearing mother climing, and the every strain of duplicate rows in the coming year has female climing 10 the fruit bearing shoot results of 5 results;
C. orchard Cheng Yuanhou, climing always on the frame face, female climing, fruit branch is respectively 30 degree, 60 degree, 90 degree by the angle that tilts to upright the south, the 1st time in capable the 6th year of upgrading of B (the capable plantation of former A the 10th year) carry out second and take turns renewal in that A is capable, dig out A is capable, plant from B is capable that to be pressed onto the result be 2 years, dig out by the 10th year that upgrades the plant of the capable renewal of B for the 2nd time, divide climing to be again 2 years to the capable result of B, to realize the update cycle in 12 years from A is capable.
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| CN 99103864 CN1265821A (en) | 1999-03-09 | 1999-03-09 | Cultivation method for making grape retain stable yield, and good quality |
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| CN 99103864 CN1265821A (en) | 1999-03-09 | 1999-03-09 | Cultivation method for making grape retain stable yield, and good quality |
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