CN106342650B - A kind of Simple rack dense planting grape is tree-like and its construction method - Google Patents
A kind of Simple rack dense planting grape is tree-like and its construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106342650B CN106342650B CN201610793338.6A CN201610793338A CN106342650B CN 106342650 B CN106342650 B CN 106342650B CN 201610793338 A CN201610793338 A CN 201610793338A CN 106342650 B CN106342650 B CN 106342650B
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- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 235000009754 grape Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 235000012333 grape Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 title abstract 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 241000209134 Arundinaria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002789 length control Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000149 penetrating Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003414 Extremities Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
Abstract
The invention belongs to vine orchard establishment and pruning technique fields, specifically, are related to that a kind of Simple rack dense planting grape is tree-like and its construction method, wherein frame material is Simple cement column and galvanized wire, pergola cultivation；This is tree-like include a 1.6~1.7m trunk, in trunk away from ground 60cm and 120 centimeters respectively there are two fruit-bearing shoot cluster, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster has 2 bearing basal shoots, and fruit-bearing shoot cluster is respectively towards in the ranks growing；Every plant of tree bearing basal shoot quantity is 8；Young sprout towards in the ranks growing naturally, and the angle of young sprout and trunk is pulled open in not bondage by the weight of fruit, and new-tip length is controlled in 1m~1.1m；Leaf curtain is divided into upper layer and lower layer, and spacing 60cm is convenient for better ventilation and penetrating light；Winter uses short cane pruning.Present invention reduces orchard establishment costs, improve abloom rate and early yield, are a kind of the new tree-like of suitable planting culture.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to vine pruning technique fields, specifically, be related to a kind of Simple rack dense planting grape it is tree-like and
Its construction method.
Background technique
Frame shape and Training system are important one of the cultivation management technology measures of grape, it can construct the space knot of tree body
Structure improves tree body to the utilization rate in space, increases ventilation and penetrating light, balance the nutrition supply of tree body, promote bud differentiation, inhibited
Nutrient growth is spent, the yield and quality of fruit is effectively promoted.
Grape is liana, to realize that commercialization cultivation must support building tree-like by frame material.At present in production
Commonly tree-like mainly to have the more main stem sectors of hedge frame and horizontal imperial form, the Dulong of frame is done tree-like.These are tree-like to have required
Kind frame material supports tree-like growth, and without the support of frame material, the merchandized handling of grape is difficult to realize.It is applied in production
Frame material is mostly clean steel frame, steel reinforced concrete and a small amount of wood materials.The frame material investment of general open country orchard establishment differs for 3000~8000 yuan,
Orchard establishment early period puts into a higher big obstacle as grape industry development, and reducing frame material investment is the Xiang Chong for reducing cost input
Want content.
For densely inhabited district, the utilization rate and the output value that improve unit area soil are always the target that orchard worker pursues；
Obtain one of the important indicator that income is also grape merchandized handling as early as possible simultaneously.Simple rack planting culture can not only be reduced
Orchard establishment cost input can also obtain income ahead of time, be suitable for the development trend of densely inhabited district's agricultural.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Simple rack dense planting grape is tree-like and its construction method, it is suitable for by cultivating
Trunk height, the reasonable fruit-bearing shoot cluster of building improve the efficiency of light energy utilization to reach the maximization of space utilization, adjust annual
The growth angle of branch promotes bud differentiation, saves frame material and artificial investment to reach, improves tree body early yield and quality, increase
Add the purpose of benefit.
The embodiment provides a kind of Simple rack dense planting grape is tree-like.
Simple rack is constructed by concrete column and galvanized wire；Dense planting is tree-like include a 1.6~1.7m upright trunk and 4 results
Branch group, 8 bearing basal shoots；Leaf curtain layer divides upper layer and lower layer；New-tip length is controlled in 1m~1.1m not bondage；Winter is repaired using the short tip
It cuts.
Further, Simple rack concrete column is arranged per acre with 56,80cm and 150cm eminence draws twice 12 on away from ground
Galvanized wire forms Simple rack.
Further, 4 fruit-bearing shoot clusters are located at trunk 60cm and 120cm eminence two-by-two, form two leaf curtains at a distance of 60cm
Layer, young sprout are in the ranks stretched naturally to two sides, by fruit weight and trunk at 80 °~110 ° angles, are naturally drooped, not bondage.
The embodiments of the present invention also provide a kind of construction methods that above-mentioned Simple rack dense planting grape is tree-like, including following step
It is rapid:
1) Simple rack is constituted by 56 concrete columns and twice galvanized wire per acre；
2) select level-one detoxification grape nursery stock, by seeding row spacing (0.5~0.75) m × 2m per acre 445~667 plants density determine
It plants；
3) trunk is cultivated, a healthy and strong young sprout vertical growth is retained after rudiment, when new-tip length reaches 1.7m~1.8m
Pinching is trained trunk；
4) cultivation results mother branch, second year, every young sprout stay 1 fringe fruit, stretch young sprout and trunk into 80 ° by the weight of fruit
~110 ° of angles, not bondage；The annual shoot short cane pruning for selecting 60cm and 120 centimetre of eminence on trunk after autumn, as the coming year
Bearing basal shoot；
5) third year, the young sprout of emphasis culture trunk 60cm and 120 centimetres of eminences, remaining young sprout is in the result for completing current year
It is all removed after task, the laborsaving tree-like forming of dense planting.
Compared with prior art the beneficial effects of the present invention are: Simple rack reduces orchard establishment cost input；This tree-like is tied up
Trunk is tied up, not bondage young sprout eliminates the recruitment investment of young sprout bondage link；Young sprout is by fruit ear gravity and trunk pulling-off angle simultaneously
Degree, not only inhibits nutrient growth, but also promote bud differentiation, it is colored preferably to solve the problems, such as that part kind is not easy into；
The double-deck leaf curtain not only increases young sprout amount, while also increasing the ventilation and penetrating light of garden, improves land utilization ratio, is a kind of suitable
The close branch cultivation of suitable densely populated areas is new tree-like.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram that Simple rack dense planting grape is tree-like of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail for each embodiment shown in reference to the accompanying drawing, but it should be stated that, these
Embodiment is not limitation of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art according to these embodiments made by function, method,
Or equivalent transformation or substitution in structure, all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention within.
Join shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram that Simple rack dense planting grape is tree-like of the present invention.
It is tree-like to present embodiments provide a kind of Simple rack dense planting grape, including Simple rack construction and the tree-like two parts of dense planting.
Frame material be precast reinforced concrete column (210cm × 10cm × 10cm), adjacent cement intercolumniation 6m, 56 per acre, away from ground
80cm and 150cm eminence draws No. 12 galvanized wires of twice.
Tree-like includes the trunk 1 of a 1.6~1.7m, trunk base portion tiltable, and top is upright；In trunk away from ground 60cm
With 120 centimeters respectively there are two fruit-bearing shoot cluster 2, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster has 2 bearing basal shoots, and fruit-bearing shoot cluster respectively in the ranks give birth to by court
It is long；Every plant of tree bearing basal shoot quantity is 8；Towards in the ranks growing naturally, not bondage, Growing season new-tip length control exists young sprout 3
1.0m or so (1m~1.1m), winter use short cane pruning；Only trunk is strapped on twice galvanized wire, young sprout not bondage, natural
To in the ranks stretching, the angle (80 °~110 ° angles) of young sprout and trunk is pulled open by the weight of fruit；Leaf curtain is divided into upper layer and lower layer,
Spacing 60cm is convenient for better ventilation and penetrating light.The tree-like suitable seeding row spacing is (0.5~0.75) m × 2m per acre 445~667
The density field planting of strain, suitable average fruit branch ratio are 1:1.3, and suitable per mu yield is 2000kg~3000kg.
Simple rack dense planting grape provided in this embodiment it is tree-like compared to it is other it is tree-like preferably solve bud differentiation difficulty
The problem of, the young sprout naturally drooped promotes bud differentiation, makes into flower and is easier, it can be achieved that get bumper crops year after year.The invention is a kind of
Simple rack planting culture is newly tree-like, and orchard establishment is at low cost, ties up tip link, saving labour convenient for operating, eliminating；It can be promoted simultaneously
Unit area land utilization ratio effectively increases the early income in vineyard, is conducive to cost-recovering as early as possible.
Present embodiments provide that a kind of Simple rack dense planting grape is tree-like and construction method, comprising the following steps:
1) prefabricated specification is 210cm × 10cm × 10cm reinforced concrete column, and by the line-spacing of 2m, the adjacent intercolumniation of 6m is buried
Concrete column, embedment subterranean depth are 40cm~50m.No. 12 galvanized wires of twice are being drawn away from ground 80cm and 150cm eminence, in case bondage
Trunk.
2) select level-one detoxification grape nursery stock, by seeding row spacing 0.75m × 2m per acre 445 plants density field planting, soil burial winter protection
The field planting of Qu Keyu ground inclination 45° angle.
3) trunk is cultivated, a healthy and strong young sprout vertical growth is retained after rudiment, is strapped on iron wire, when new-tip length reaches
Pinching when 1.7m~1.8m, is trained trunk；Strong tree vigo(u)r kind sublateral shoot retains 4~5 leaf pinching, 2~3 leaves of weak tree vigo(u)r sublateral shoot
Pinching, not bondage.Trunk height 1.6m~1.7m is determined in autumn trimming, and sublateral shoot diameter reaches 1~2 bud of the reservation trimming of 0.8cm, weak
Small slave base portion removal.
4) cultivation results mother branch, second year reserve the part branch sprouted on sublateral shoot from the branch and First Year that trunk is sprouted
Item is at flower as a result, every tip stays 1 fringe fruit, by the weight stretching young sprout and trunk of fruit at 80 °~110 ° angles, not bondage.After autumn
The annual shoot short cane pruning of 60cm and 120 centimetre of eminence on trunk is selected, as the bearing basal shoot in the coming year, remaining young sprout is appropriate
It removes.
5) third year, the young sprout of emphasis culture trunk 60cm and 120 centimetres of eminences, remaining young sprout is in the result for completing current year
It is all removed after task, the laborsaving tree-like forming of dense planting.
Below according to the above-mentioned tree-like construction method of Simple rack dense planting grape, choose growth potential it is strong, at spending poor American-European kind
Summer black grape carries out the tree-like building (trimming) of Simple rack dense planting grape, specific steps under North China's cultivation method
Include:
1, Simple rack orchard establishment
By the line-spacing of 2m, the adjacent intercolumniation of 6m buries concrete column, and embedment subterranean depth is 40cm~50m.Away from ground
80cm and 150cm eminence draws No. 12 galvanized wires of twice, in case bondage trunk.It is laid with irrigating facility simultaneously.
2, selection of seedling and field planting
Using level-one detoxification grape nursery stock, it is desirable that 98% or more nursery stock purity；Well developed root system, lateral root number are more than 5, side
Root long degree is greater than 20cm；Limb rugosity is greater than 0.8cm；The full stalwartness of bud eye；Grafting stock height is 10~15cm, graft union
Healing completely；Nursery stock has no mechanical damage, no disease and pests harm；It is colonized by preset seeding row spacing.
3, the culture of trunk
North China's mid or late March is colonized high quality seedling, and a healthy and strong young sprout vertical growth is retained after rudiment, is strapped in iron
On silk, the pinching when new-tip length reaches 1.7m~1.8m is trained trunk；Strong tree vigo(u)r kind sublateral shoot retains 4~5 leaves and plucks
The heart, 2~3 leaf pinching of weak tree vigo(u)r sublateral shoot, not bondage.Trunk height 1.6m~1.7m is determined in autumn trimming, and sublateral shoot diameter reaches
1~2 bud of reservation of 0.8cm is trimmed, small and weak to remove from base portion.
4, fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture
Second year reserves the part branch sprouted on sublateral shoot into flower as a result, every tip from the branch and First Year that trunk is sprouted
1 fringe fruit is stayed, young sprout is stretched by the weight of fruit and trunk is angled, not bondage.60cm and 120 on trunk is selected after autumn
The annual shoot short cane pruning of centimetre eminence, as the bearing basal shoot in the coming year, remaining young sprout is suitably removed.Third year, emphasis training
The young sprout for supporting trunk 60cm and 120cm eminence, young sprout retains 1~2 bud short cane pruning, the knot as next year when winter pruning
Fruit mother's branch, remaining young sprout are all removed after the result task for completing current year, are thus formed in trunk 60cm and 120cm eminence
Two groups of fruit-bearing shoot clusters, the laborsaving tree-like forming of dense planting, so far complete tree-like culture.
It is tree-like using this, Hebei Jinzhou, Xinle, all over the city etc. morely to multiple kinds such as Ju Feng, summer black, sunlight rose into
It has gone test, has selected level-one strong sprout, is formationed trunk is tree-like within 1 year, and second year is beginning as a result, bud differentiation is good, second year per mu yield
It measures up to 1500kg or more, percent rate of high quality fruit is tree-like much higher than existing dense planting up to 90% or more.Advantage of the invention is that orchard establishment cost
It is low, bud differentiation is good, convenient for operate, eliminate tie up tip link, save labour；Unit area land use can be promoted simultaneously
Rate effectively increases the early income in vineyard, is conducive to cost-recovering as early as possible.It is suitable for that densely populated areas and the interior development of facility are close
Branch vinegrowing.
A kind of Simple rack dense planting grape is tree-like and its construction method by providing by the present invention, has the following technical effect that
1, it is a kind of suitable for the new tree-like of orchard, the requirement of frame material that Simple rack dense planting grape provided by the invention is tree-like
Simply, orchard establishment is at low cost；It is entirely tree-like to be made of 1 trunk and 4 fruit-bearing shoot clusters.Trunk high 1.6m~1.7m after forming, 4
A fruit-bearing shoot cluster is distributed in trunk 60cm and 120cm eminence two-by-two, forms two leaf curtain layers at a distance of 60cm, saturating convenient for ventilation
Light, and improve unit area land utilization ratio.
2, it is that dense planting is tree-like that Simple rack dense planting grape provided by the invention is tree-like, transplants 445~667 plants per acre, seeding row spacing
For (0.5m~0.75m) × 2m, hedge frame, planting culture, young sprout is naturally drooped without bondage, forms 80 °~110 ° angles with trunk,
Inhibit nutrient growth, is more advantageous to bud differentiation and saving of work and time.
3, the tree-like second year per mu yield of Simple rack dense planting grape provided by the invention is up to 1500kg or more, forming tree per mu yield
It measures up to 2000kg~3000kg, is that stable high yield is tree-like；And the tree-like pruning method is simple, convenient for operation.This is tree-like
Winter pruning is all trimmed using short bud, and each bearing basal shoot stays 1~2 bud；Summer young sprout grows to pinching after 1m, and sublateral shoot is whole
Removal.
4, tree-like open country, the vinyl house, temperature that both can be applied to suitable dense planting of Simple rack dense planting grape provided by the invention
Room can also be applied to southern simple rain shelter cultivation, have a wide range of application.
The series of detailed descriptions listed above only for feasible embodiment of the invention specifically
Protection scope bright, that they are not intended to limit the invention, it is all without departing from equivalent implementations made by technical spirit of the present invention
Or change should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie
In the case where without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Benefit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims
Variation is included within the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of Simple rack dense planting grape is tree-like, which is characterized in that Simple rack is constructed by concrete column and galvanized wire；Dense planting is tree-like to include
The upright trunk and 4 fruit-bearing shoot clusters of one 1.6~1.7m, 8 bearing basal shoots；Leaf curtain layer divides upper layer and lower layer；New-tip length control
System is in 1m~1.1m not bondage；Winter uses short cane pruning；
The tree-like construction method of the Simple rack dense planting grape the following steps are included:
1) Simple rack is constituted by 56 concrete columns and twice galvanized wire per acre；
2) select level-one detoxification grape nursery stock, by seeding row spacing (0.5~0.75) m × 2m per acre 445~667 plants density field planting；
3) trunk is cultivated, reservation one healthy and strong young sprout vertical growth after rudiment, the pinching when new-tip length reaches 1.7m~1.8m,
It is trained trunk；
4) cultivation results mother branch, second year, every young sprout stay 1 fringe fruit, by the weight of fruit stretch young sprout and trunk at 80 °~
110 ° of angles, not bondage；The annual shoot short cane pruning of 60cm and 120 centimetre of eminence on trunk, the knot as the coming year are selected after autumn
Fruit mother's branch；
5) third year, the young sprout of emphasis culture trunk 60cm and 120 centimetres of eminences, remaining young sprout is in the result task for completing current year
It all removes afterwards, the laborsaving tree-like forming of dense planting.
2. a kind of Simple rack dense planting grape according to claim 1 is tree-like, which is characterized in that Simple rack concrete column is with 56
It is arranged per acre, 80cm and 150cm eminence draws No. 12 galvanized wires of twice on away from ground, forms Simple rack.
3. a kind of Simple rack dense planting grape according to claim 2 is tree-like, which is characterized in that 4 fruit-bearing shoot clusters two
Two are located at trunk 60cm and 120cm eminence, form two leaf curtain layers at a distance of 60cm, and young sprout in the ranks stretches naturally to two sides, according to
By fruit weight and trunk at 80 °~110 ° angles, naturally droop, not bondage.
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| CN201610793338.6A CN106342650B (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2016-08-31 | A kind of Simple rack dense planting grape is tree-like and its construction method |
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| CN114431064A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-06 | 上杭蓝家渡葡萄酒业有限公司 | Design method of wine grape trellis surface '4 lines and 3 bands' suitable for southern climatic conditions |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1265821A (en) * | 1999-03-09 | 2000-09-13 | 冯宝贵 | Cultivation method for making grape retain stable yield, and good quality |
| CN102308743A (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2012-01-11 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Method for cultivating grapes by utilizing labor-saving cultivating trellis |
| KR20150107036A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2015-09-23 | 박상훈 | Form correction structure of tree |
-
2016
- 2016-08-31 CN CN201610793338.6A patent/CN106342650B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1265821A (en) * | 1999-03-09 | 2000-09-13 | 冯宝贵 | Cultivation method for making grape retain stable yield, and good quality |
| CN102308743A (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2012-01-11 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Method for cultivating grapes by utilizing labor-saving cultivating trellis |
| KR20150107036A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2015-09-23 | 박상훈 | Form correction structure of tree |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 《葡萄"高干垂"整形修剪方法的总结》;吴显峰;《葡萄栽培与酿酒》;19911031(第3期);第26-33页 * |
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