CN108651143A - A kind of cultivating stand and cultural method that suitable northern grape anti-day is bright - Google Patents
A kind of cultivating stand and cultural method that suitable northern grape anti-day is bright Download PDFInfo
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- CN108651143A CN108651143A CN201810645307.5A CN201810645307A CN108651143A CN 108651143 A CN108651143 A CN 108651143A CN 201810645307 A CN201810645307 A CN 201810645307A CN 108651143 A CN108651143 A CN 108651143A
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- reinforcing bar
- main stem
- branch
- iron wire
- grape
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- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 title 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000000560 Citrus x paradisi Species 0.000 abstract description 11
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007115 recruitment Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000638935 Senecio crassissimus Species 0.000 description 3
- 206010042496 Sunburn Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- CBVWMGCJNPPAAR-HJWRWDBZSA-N (nz)-n-(5-methylheptan-3-ylidene)hydroxylamine Chemical compound CCC(C)C\C(CC)=N/O CBVWMGCJNPPAAR-HJWRWDBZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000012254 Canarium album Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009103 Canarium album Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
- A01G2017/065—Trellis-work for supporting vines having wire-tensioning devices
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Supports For Plants (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of cultivating stand and cultural method that suitable northern grape anti-day is bright, to solve under existing cultivation mode, grape fruit sunscald incidence height, overwintering tedious problem.Cultivating stand：Reinforcing bar is horizontally set between two support columns, and two iron wires are horizontally set on the top of reinforcing bar and are symmetricly set on the both sides of reinforcing bar.Cultural method：One, the structure of horizontal rack：Reinforcing bar is 150 160cm apart from ground level, and the both ends of crossbeam are along row to granny rag root iron wire respectively；Two, the tree-like structure of " factory " word：Main stem base portion is 45 ° to inclination, and with ground angle along row, and horizontal bondage is on reinforcing bar after main stem extends to reinforcing bar；Three, the structure of " M " shape leaf curtain：The branch sprouted in main stem inclination is pulled into iron wire and therewith bondage, with the increase of branch length, the freedom that the part beyond iron wire is appointed is sagging, and to be colonized line direction observation, both sides branch is in " M " shape.The present invention is for planting grape.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation of fruit tree frame and cultural methods, and in particular to a kind of cultivation that suitable northern grape anti-day is bright
Train frame and cultural method.
Background technology
According to the hobby of different regions, Cultivation pattern and grower, grape posture, tree-like and leaf curtain shape produce
Many types, posture are broadly divided into two class of hedge frame and frame, and wherein hedge frame has single hedge frame, V-arrangement hedge frame etc., mating tree-like and leaf
Curtain shape has the fan-shaped vertical leaf curtain of more main stems, upright single climing vertical leaf curtain, the climing vertical leaf curtain of factory's shape list etc.；Frame is divided into inclination canopy
Frame, horizontal rack etc., for horizontal rack using more, mating tree-like and leaf curtain shape has the horizontal leaf curtain of the more main stems sectors of tradition, list
The tree-like and leaf curtain shapes such as the tree-like horizontal leaf curtain of climing tradition, the tree-like horizontal leaf curtain of Dan Man factories shape, the latter two are tree-like for main cultivation
With leaf curtain shape.
1, season day bright incidence is serious in early summer for several mating tree-like and leaf curtain shape of hedge frame, according to investigations, in Xin Jiangbei
Incidence of burning Red globe grape day under the boundary pattern reaches 35% or more；The pattern distinguishing feature also has that management difficulty is big, summer
The amount of labour used is very big.
2, the tree-like horizontal leaf curtain of the climing tradition of horizontal rack list has used for many years grape main producing region at home, with labour's valence
Lattice go up and standardized production demand be continuously improved, management difficulty is big, labor intensity is high, heavy workload, fruit quality not
Problem uniform, that sunburn rate is high highlights.Through field investigation, only summer pruning recruitment is per 666.67m2Year takes 16.39h, autumn
90 ° of undercarriages need to be reversed by grape main stem by burying soil, and spring needs to reverse main stem into 90 ° of restockings again, and not only labor intensity is big, to grape
Tree body also be easy to cause damage, and moreover, season is easily in early summer for the grape fruit which is loaded
Occur to burn day, according to investigations, incidence of burning Red globe grape day under the Northern Xinjiang pattern reaches 25% or more.
3, the tree-like horizontal leaf curtain of horizontal rack Dan Man factories shape is gradually developed in recent years, reduces labor intensity and management
Difficulty, fruit quality get a promotion, and summer pruning recruitment is greatly decreased, and through field investigation, summer pruning recruitment is per 666.67m2
Year takes 4.35h.The patent of invention that China Patent No. is 201310090870.8 discloses a kind of suitable northern grape horizontal company
The method of pergola system, after this method《Agricultural research in the arid areas》The 5th the 72-78 pages of the phase of volume 33, and《Pomology
Report》The 1134-1143 pages of the phase (author Zhang Fuchun etc.) of volume 34 the 9th is reported in succession.With the development of production level, the tree is found
There are still some problems for shape, it would be highly desirable to carry out solution and skill upgrading, such as：(1), main stem length is longer, increases and buries native amount.Due to
It is required that main stem tilts restocking, main stem requirement for height 200cm, therefore more traditional tree-like have longer requirement (spacing in the rows to main stem length
When 1m, it is desirable that main stem length >=3.3m), therefore cause vine main stem huge, make into certain difficulty with local methods to burying.(2), main stem
Highly (200cm) has exceeded general labour force adequate operation height, and labor intensity is big.(3) Portugals such as red earth in Corpping in North Xinjiang
Grape kind is there are still phenomenon of burning certain day, and burn day incidence 16-20%.
Invention content
The present invention is to solve under existing cultivation mode, grape fruit sunscald incidence height, overwintering tedious problem,
A kind of cultivating stand and cultural method that suitable northern grape anti-day is bright is provided.
A kind of suitable northern grape anti-day bright cultivating stand, composition includes reinforcing bar, two iron wires and two support columns, often
A support column is made of column and crossbeam, and beam vertical is arranged in the top of column, and two support columns are arranged in parallel, and reinforcing bar is horizontal
It is arranged between two support columns, and the both ends of reinforcing bar are tied up respectively on corresponding column, two iron wires are horizontally set on steel
The top of muscle, and two iron wires are symmetricly set on the both sides of reinforcing bar, the both ends of every iron wire are tied up respectively on corresponding crossbeam.
A kind of suitable northern grape anti-day bright cultural method, the method is through the following steps that realize：
Step 1: the structure of horizontal rack：Two support columns along vineyard row to setting, it is vertical to two along vineyard row
The horizontal granny rag 6mm reinforcing bars of intercolumniation, reinforcing bar are 150cm-160cm apart from ground level, and the crossbeam length of column top is 100cm-
110cm, along row to 1 iron wire of granny rag respectively, every iron wire is 190cm-200cm apart from ground level at the both ends of crossbeam；
Step 2: the structure that " factory " word is tree-like：After the field planting of grape sapling, when cultivating tree-like, 1 main stem, main stem are selected and remain
Base portion to inclination, and with ground angle is 30 ° -60 ° along row, and main stem extends to after reinforcing bar horizontal bondage on reinforcing bar, so far complete
At the tree-like structure of " factory " word；
Step 3: the structure of " M " shape leaf curtain：The branch sprouted in main stem inclination is pulled into iron wire and therewith bondage, with
The increase of branch length, the freedom that the part beyond iron wire is appointed is sagging, and to be colonized line direction observation, both sides branch is in " M " shape.
The present invention has the advantages that compared with prior art：
1, the Growing season amount of labour is reduced：Alternately, adjacent branch difference is arranged for branch artificial orientation bondage or so in the present invention, because
Actual range in the case of this lateral distance is identical between adjacent branch increases, convenient artificial trimming management and picking；Main stem one
The adjacent branch same column in side, makes young sprout adnation position be in straight line, is easy to trimming management and picking.Summer pruning recruitment is every
666.67m2Take 3.97h years, horizontal leaf curtain management more tree-like than horizontal rack Dan Man factories shape is more quick time saving.
2, sunburn rate significantly reduces：Using cultivating stand and cultural method the arrangement grape main stem and grape branch of the present invention,
So that grape branch after molding is in " M " shape leaf curtain, looked down above grape trellis, " M " shape leaf curtain makes grape leave distribution equal
Even, direct sunlight light transmission rate is relatively low, and scattering light transmission rate is high, and Summer in Northern Part area noon sun altitude is larger, sunlight quilt
Branch blocks, and avoids the problem that fruit ear is exposed under sunlight, and sunburn rate reduces 50% compared to existing level frame.
3, using morning and dusk sunlight, promote fruit accumulation of photosynthate：Morning and dusk sun altitude are low, sunlight
It is irradiated to grape fruit, promotes Chinese olive phase fruit chloroplaset photosynthesis.
4, using early autumn sunlight, promote fruit color：Grape fruit veraison in autumn, sun altitude reduce compared with summer,
Sunlight promotes fruit color to grape fruit, improves quality.
5, overwintering labor intensity during burying soil is reduced：Main stem bondage height of the present invention wants main stem length in 150-160cm
Ask relatively low, in the case of 1m spacing in the rows, main stem length horizontal leaf curtain tree-like compared with factory's shape reduces 17.3%, before undercarriage buries soil, by main stem water
It keeps flat and is placed in cultivation row, main stem superposition height reduces 25% or more, and then reduces and bury soil soil amount, labor intensity and the amount of labour
It reduces.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the vertical view of cultivating stand of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that " factory " tree-like stereogram with " M " shape leaf curtain is built in cultural method of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Specific implementation mode one：Illustrate that present embodiment, present embodiment are a set of suitable northern Portugal in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2
The cultivating stand that grape anti-day burns, composition includes 1, two iron wire 2 of reinforcing bar and two support columns 3, and each support column 3 is by column 3-1
It is formed with crossbeam 3-2, crossbeam 3-2 is vertically set on the top of column 3-1, and two support columns 3 are arranged in parallel, and 1 level of reinforcing bar is set
It sets between two support columns 3, and the both ends of reinforcing bar 1 are tied up respectively on corresponding column 3-1, reinforcing bar 1 is supported for bondage
Grape main stem, two iron wires 2 are horizontally set on the top of reinforcing bar 1, and two iron wires 2 are symmetricly set on the both sides of reinforcing bar 1, every
The both ends of iron wire 2 are tied up respectively on corresponding crossbeam 3-2, and iron wire 2 is used to support grape young sprout (branch B).
Specific implementation mode two：Embodiment is described with reference to Fig. 2, and present embodiment is that northern grape anti-day is suitble to burn
Cultural method, method through the following steps that realize：
Step 1: the structure of horizontal rack：Two support columns 3 along vineyard row to setting, along vineyard row to two
Horizontal granny rag 6mm reinforcing bars 1 between column 3, reinforcing bar 1 are 150cm-160cm apart from ground level h1, and grape main stem is supported for bondage
The crossbeam 3-2 length on the top A, column 3-1 is 100cm-110cm, the both ends of crossbeam 3-2 along row to 1 iron wire 2 of granny rag respectively,
It is used to support grape young sprout B, every iron wire 2 is 190cm-200cm apart from ground level h2；Too according to the different regions 6-7 months
Positive elevation angle, azimuth, the height of adjustment reinforcing bar 1 and iron wire 2 apart from ground, to ensure that fruit expanding period fruit ear is straight not by sunlight
It penetrates；
Step 2: the structure that " factory " word is tree-like：After the field planting of grape sapling, when cultivating tree-like, 1 main stem A, main stem are selected and remain
A base portions are 30 ° -60 ° to inclination, and with ground angle α along row, and main stem A extends to after reinforcing bar 1 horizontal bondage on reinforcing bar 1, until
This completes the tree-like structure of " factory " word；
Step 3: the structure of " M " shape leaf curtain：The branch B inclinations sprouted on main stem A are pulled into iron wire 2 and bondage therewith, with
The increase of branch B length, the freedom that the part beyond iron wire 2 is appointed is sagging, and to be colonized line direction observation, both sides branch B is in " M "
Shape.Several branch B on main stem A are along length direction of main stem or so alternating bondage on iron wire 2.Grape fruit expanding stage, just
It is worth heat, strong light direct beam grape fruit ear easily makes grape fruit occur to burn day, new-tip length is retained when summer pruning can block Portugal
Grape fruit ear is not advisable by noon solar exposure.
Specific implementation mode three：Embodiment is described with reference to Fig. 2, present embodiment be in step 1 reinforcing bar 1 apart from ground
Face height h1 is 155cm.There are following relationships for main stem A level heights and the height of branch B：Main stem A level heights determine Portugal
The height relationships of grape fruit ear and branch B：When the height h1 of reinforcing bar 1 is excessively high, fruit ear light is insufficient during August-September grape annesl,
Coloring is affected；When the height h1 of reinforcing bar 1 is too low, fruit ear was easy to be exposed in direct sunlight and occurred to burn day July in June-.Its
Its step is identical with embodiment two.
Specific implementation mode four：Embodiment is described with reference to Fig. 1, and present embodiment is iron wire 2 and reinforcing bar 1 in step 1
Between lateral distance w be 50cm.Other steps are identical as specific implementation mode two or three.
Specific implementation mode five：Embodiment is described with reference to Fig. 1, and present embodiment is main stem A and ground in step 2
Angle α is 45 °.Other steps are identical with embodiment two.
Specific implementation mode six：Embodiment is described with reference to Fig. 2, and present embodiment is the trimming of branch B in step 3：
Each result branch B should retain 12 leaves.Due to being July in June-that grape is easy to happen day in bright period, during this period, branch
The trimming of B is generally with 13:When 00~15:Fruit ear can be blocked in period when 00 not to be advisable by the length of direct sunlight, is
Ensure photosynthate fair supply, usually each result branch B, which should retain 12 leaves or more, can block fruit ear not by sunlight
Direct projection.Other steps are identical with embodiment two.
Claims (6)
1. the cultivating stand that a kind of suitable northern grape anti-day is bright, it is characterised in that：The cultivating stand includes reinforcing bar (1), two iron
Silk (2) and two support columns (3), each support column (3) are made of column (3-1) and crossbeam (3-2), and crossbeam (3-2) is vertically set
It sets in the top of column (3-1), two support columns (3) are arranged in parallel, and reinforcing bar (1) is horizontally set between two support columns (3),
And the both ends of reinforcing bar (1) are tied up respectively on corresponding column (3-1), two iron wires (2) are horizontally set on the upper of reinforcing bar (1)
Side, and two iron wires (2) are symmetricly set on the both sides of reinforcing bar (1), the both ends of every iron wire (2) are tied up respectively in corresponding crossbeam
On (3-2).
2. realizing the cultural method for being suitble to northern grape anti-day bright using cultivating stand described in claim 1, the method is logical
Cross following steps realization：
Step 1: the structure of horizontal rack：Two support columns (3) along vineyard row to setting, it is vertical to two along vineyard row
Horizontal granny rag 6mm reinforcing bars (1) between column (3), reinforcing bar (1) are 150cm-160cm, the top column (3-1) apart from ground level (h1)
Crossbeam (3-2) length be 100cm-110cm, the both ends of crossbeam (3-2) are along row to 1 iron wire (2) of granny rag respectively, every iron wire
(2) it is 190cm-200cm apart from ground level (h2)；
Step 2: the structure that " factory " word is tree-like：After the field planting of grape sapling, when cultivating tree-like, 1 main stem (A), main stem are selected and remain
(A) base portion is 30 ° -60 ° to inclination, and with ground angle (α) along row, and horizontal bondage is in steel after main stem (A) extends to reinforcing bar (1)
On muscle (1), the tree-like structure of " factory " word is so far completed；
Step 3: the structure of " M " shape leaf curtain：The branch (B) sprouted in main stem (A) inclination is pulled into iron wire (2) and bondage therewith,
With the increase of branch (B) length, the freedom that the part beyond iron wire (2) is appointed is sagging, to be colonized line direction observation, both sides branch
(B) it is in " M " shape.
3. the cultural method that suitable northern grape anti-day according to claim 2 is bright, reinforcing bar (1) distance in the step 1
Ground level (h1) is 155cm.
4. the cultural method that suitable northern grape anti-day according to claim 2 or 3 is bright, iron wire (B) in the step 1
Lateral distance (w) between reinforcing bar (A) is 50cm.
5. the cultural method that suitable northern grape anti-day according to claim 2 is bright, main stem (A) and ground in the step 2
Face angle (α) is 45 °.
6. the cultural method that suitable northern grape anti-day according to claim 2 is bright, branch (B's) repaiies in the step 3
It cuts：Each result branch (B) should retain 12 leaves.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810645307.5A CN108651143B (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2018-06-21 | Cultivation method suitable for northern grape sunburn prevention |
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| CN201810645307.5A CN108651143B (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2018-06-21 | Cultivation method suitable for northern grape sunburn prevention |
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| CN108651143B CN108651143B (en) | 2024-04-12 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109729909A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-10 | 北京市林业果树科学研究院 | A method of burying native cultivation area grape main stem base portion angle in the adjustment north |
| CN110463485A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2019-11-19 | 新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所 | A kind of Winter protection method that pear tree Labor-saving is tree-like |
| CN112703959A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-27 | 南京太田葡萄科技有限公司 | Planting frame and planting method for sunshine rose grapes |
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| CN105557448A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-05-11 | 石河子农业科学研究院 | Dual-parallelism grape canopy frame and grape cultivation method suitable for soil-burying cold-proof area |
| CN205408888U (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-08-03 | 天津市设施农业研究所 | Be fit for cultivation in north height, width, grape trellis hangs down |
| CN106134909A (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2016-11-23 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of method for planting utilizing inclination or the dry tree-like cooperation V-arrangement leaf curtain facility grape of level dragon |
| CN208317681U (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2019-01-04 | 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | A kind of cultivating stand that suitable northern grape anti-day is bright |
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2018
- 2018-06-21 CN CN201810645307.5A patent/CN108651143B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN205408888U (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-08-03 | 天津市设施农业研究所 | Be fit for cultivation in north height, width, grape trellis hangs down |
| CN105557448A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-05-11 | 石河子农业科学研究院 | Dual-parallelism grape canopy frame and grape cultivation method suitable for soil-burying cold-proof area |
| CN106134909A (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2016-11-23 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of method for planting utilizing inclination or the dry tree-like cooperation V-arrangement leaf curtain facility grape of level dragon |
| CN208317681U (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2019-01-04 | 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | A kind of cultivating stand that suitable northern grape anti-day is bright |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109729909A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-10 | 北京市林业果树科学研究院 | A method of burying native cultivation area grape main stem base portion angle in the adjustment north |
| CN110463485A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2019-11-19 | 新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所 | A kind of Winter protection method that pear tree Labor-saving is tree-like |
| CN112703959A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-27 | 南京太田葡萄科技有限公司 | Planting frame and planting method for sunshine rose grapes |
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| CN108651143B (en) | 2024-04-12 |
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