CN107691098A - A kind of facility grape frame built method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of facility grape frame built method, this method comprises the following steps：With reference to Xinjiang greenhouse structure and natural climate condition, set in brickwork basic ideas are to take into full account this area sunshine irradiating angle, make full use of inside greenhouse space, be northern column using greenhouse body supporting steel pipe, or cement post is transplanted in without main body support post greenhouse.The present invention uses the planting type of frame, and the growth potential of tree body is relaxed, and summer pruning workload reduces, fructescence is consistent, bud differentiation quality is high, ventilation and penetrating light is good, pest and disease damage is light, quality better, stable yield.Finally, by constantly summarizing, Turfan Prefecture main breed pergola system technical regulation is formd.

Description

A method for setting up a facility grape trellis

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and relates to a method for erecting a facility grape trellis.

Background technique

Grape has wide adaptability, early fruit and high yield. It is one of the fruit trees with a long history of cultivation and high economic value in the world. The cultivation of grapes in protected areas in my country started relatively late. In recent years, with the extensive promotion and application of facility cultivation modes such as early cultivation, delayed cultivation, and rain-shelter cultivation, local governments are also vigorously promoting and spending a lot of manpower and material resources. Supporting the construction of greenhouses, greenhouses and rain shelters has enabled the rapid development of protected grape cultivation. At present, protected cultivation of grapes has been developed on a large scale in North China, Northeast China, Northwest China, the Yangtze River Basin, southeast coast and South China. As of 2014, the protected cultivation area of grapes in China exceeded 133,000 hm ² , which has become a new direction and trend of viticulture. Xinjiang is the main grape producing area in my country, but protected cultivation has not received enough attention, and only in the last ten years has it developed in a large area. Although protected cultivation has high benefits and fast output, the initial investment in building greenhouses, covering film, and covering quilts is very large. Therefore, farmers must carefully choose the location of the garden, plant varieties, and master scientific cultivation management techniques. Only in this way can better economic benefits be obtained as desired.

Around 2000, the Turpan area began to plant facility grapes sporadically. In March 2003, the Xinjiang Grape Melon and Fruit Development Research Center began to plant and graft 16 varieties (lines) including Jingxiu, Zhana, Flame Seedless, Pink Yadumi, Victoria, Hongqi Tezao, Xinyu, and Zixia. In 2004, we cooperated with Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences to apply for the scientific and technological research project "Integration and Demonstration of Key Technologies of Turpan Fruit and Vegetable Facility Cultivation", and preliminarily screened out grape varieties suitable for facility cultivation such as Flame Seedless, Hongqi Tezao, Pink Yadumi, and Victoria. To determine the feasibility of growing grapes in the facility by trellis, and the prospect of effective promotion. From 2006 to 2011, for six consecutive years, the Xinjiang Grape Melon and Fruit Research Institute has participated in two demonstration and promotion projects of the autonomous region's "Industrialization of Facilities Agriculture" and Phase II, and started the promotion of facility grapes in Turpan and Xinjiang Work. After years of work, the main cultivation mode of "facility scaffolding" has been basically determined.

Before the implementation of the project, the planting area of protected grapes in the Turpan area was very small, and the main cultivation frame was hedge cultivation. Through the implementation of the project, the scaffolding cultivation mode was adopted to solve the difficulty in mastering the cultivation technology encountered in actual production. The results Instability, difficulties in pest control and other issues have made facility grapes truly recognized by local growers and have met the requirements for producing high-quality commercial fruits of facility grapes. It provides a theoretical basis for large-scale promotion in production.

The successful test and vigorous promotion and application of the facility scaffolding cultivation model in Turpan have played a positive role in promoting the development of facility grapes in Xinjiang. From the perspective of cultivation performance, trellis cultivation has the advantages of convenient management, earlier fruit ripening, and improved fruit quality than hedgerow cultivation. The new shoots of the grapes cultivated on the trellis are longer, the growth potential is relatively moderate, and the pruning management in summer is convenient, which is conducive to improving the quality of the fruit. The fruit grows under the surface of the trellis, which can avoid direct sunlight, prevent sunburn, and facilitate ear management. . In the first two years of trellise cultivation, the utilization rate of the land and the trellis surface is low, and economic crops such as vegetables, melons, and watermelons can be intercropped under the trellis surface to improve the land utilization rate and increase economic income.

The scaffolding cultivation method is adopted by the majority of growers: various scaffolding cultivation modes including dragon stem shape, H shape and T shape are widely used in production. The model has been promoted in production, and the use of scaffolding in the Turpan area accounts for more than 80% of the total area.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for setting up a facility grape trellis. By adopting the trellise cultivation method, the growth potential of the tree body is eased, the workload of pruning in summer is reduced, the fruit maturity period is consistent, the quality of flower bud differentiation is high, and the ventilation is thorough. Good light, light pests and diseases, good quality and stable yield. Finally, through continuous summarization, the technical regulations for the scaffolding cultivation of the main plant species in the Turpan area have been formed.

Its specific technical plan is:

A method for erecting a facility grape trellis, comprising the following steps: in combination with the greenhouse structure and natural climate conditions in Xinjiang, the basic idea of erecting the scaffold is to fully consider the angle of sunlight in the area, make full use of the interior space of the greenhouse, and use the main body of the greenhouse to support steel pipes. North column, or plant cement column in the greenhouse without main support column. 1. The greenhouse is oriented east-west, sitting north and facing south, with a span of about 8-9m. About 50-80cm from the north wall of the greenhouse, a row of cement columns is planted in an east-west direction, with a column spacing of 3.5m and a column height of 2.5m. On the south side of the greenhouse, a row of columns is planted east-west at a distance of 4-5m from the north column, with a column spacing of 3.5m and a column height of 1.5m, aligned with the columns on the north wall. 2. A national standard steel pipe with a diameter of 5 cm and a length of 5-10 meters is cross-armed on the east-west cement column, and the steel pipes are welded, and the top of the cement column and the steel pipe are fixed; wooden rafters are placed between the north and south columns (the minimum diameter of the wooden rafter is 10cm or more) or national standard steel pipes with a diameter of 10cm, and fix them; all steel pipes are painted with anti-rust paint. 3. The south column is about 2.5-3m away from the southernmost side of the greenhouse cultivation tank. Each column in the south row is connected to the south greenhouse steel frame with 8# or 10# iron wire. The connection points between the north and south columns and the greenhouse steel frame are on a straight line . 4. Install the national standard triangle iron on the wall on the wall on the east and west sides of the greenhouse, on the straight line that meets the overall shed surface of the erected scaffolding, and make small holes for binding iron wires at the fixed position of the angle iron, with an interval of 40 -50cm. 5. Pull a piece of 8# iron wire every 40-50cm in the east-west direction of the scaffolding surface, and firmly fix the iron wire on each cross-arm wooden rafter or steel pipe.

Further, the pruning is dragon stem type shaping, and an east-west direction, 2 meters wide grape planting ditch is opened in the middle of the greenhouse, two rows are planted, the distance between the two rows is 1m, the distance between the plants is 1m, single vine pruning, racking on both sides, inclined racking The surface is high in the north and low in the south, the height of the south shelf is about 1.5m, and the height of the north shelf is about 2.5m. When the seedlings grow to a height of 1.5m, they are cut off at 1.2m, and the topmost auxiliary shoot is left to continue to grow upwards. When the main vine grows to 2.5m, they are tied to the south and north respectively on the shelf surface. So far, the facility scaffolding has been finished with dragon-drying shaping.

Further, the pruning is H-shape, and an east-west direction, 1 meter wide grape planting ditch is opened in the middle of the greenhouse, and a row of grapes is planted with a spacing of 2.8m. When the seedlings grow to a height of 2m (generally more than 20cm above the frame surface), cut them off at 20cm below the frame surface, leaving the top two auxiliary shoots to be tied flat on both sides of the east and west; The side is cut at an average distance of 70cm from the main trunk, and the top two auxiliary shoots are tied to the north and south sides; when the auxiliary shoots are longer than 1m, cut at 1m. So far, the H-shape shaping of the facility scaffolding has been completed.

Further, the pruning is T-shaped, and a grape planting ditch with an east-west direction and a width of 1 meter is opened in the middle of the greenhouse, and a row of grapes is planted at a distance of 1 meter. When the seedlings grow to a height of 2m, cut off at 20cm below the frame surface, and leave the top two auxiliary shoots tied flat to the north and south sides; when the auxiliary shoots grow to more than 1m, cut at 1m. At this point, the T-shaped shaping of the facility scaffolding is completed.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention:

The invention adopts the scaffolding cultivation mode, the growth potential of the tree body is eased, the pruning workload in summer is reduced, the fruit maturity period is consistent, the flower bud differentiation quality is high, the ventilation and light transmission are good, the pests are light, the quality is good, and the yield is stable. Finally, through continuous summarization, the technical regulations for scaffolding cultivation of main varieties in Turpan area were formed.

detailed description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

A method for erecting a facility grape trellis, comprising the following steps: in combination with the greenhouse structure and natural climate conditions in Xinjiang, the basic idea of erecting the scaffold is to fully consider the angle of sunlight in the area, make full use of the interior space of the greenhouse, and use the main body of the greenhouse to support steel pipes. North column, or plant cement column in the greenhouse without main support column. 1. The greenhouse is oriented east-west, sitting north and facing south, with a span of about 8-9m. About 50-80cm from the north wall of the greenhouse, a row of cement columns is planted in an east-west direction, with a column spacing of 3.5m and a column height of 2.5m. On the south side of the greenhouse, a row of columns is planted east-west at a distance of 4-5m from the north column, with a column spacing of 3.5m and a column height of 1.5m, aligned with the columns on the north wall. 2. A national standard steel pipe with a diameter of 5 cm and a length of 5-10 meters is cross-armed on the east-west cement column, and the steel pipes are welded, and the top of the cement column and the steel pipe are fixed; wooden rafters are placed between the north and south columns (the minimum diameter of the wooden rafter is 10cm or more) or national standard steel pipes with a diameter of 10cm, and fix them; all steel pipes are painted with anti-rust paint. 3. The south column is about 2.5-3m away from the southernmost side of the greenhouse cultivation tank. Each column in the south row is connected to the south greenhouse steel frame with 8# or 10# iron wire. The connection points between the north and south columns and the greenhouse steel frame are on a straight line . 4. Install the national standard triangle iron on the wall on the wall on the east and west sides of the greenhouse, on the straight line that meets the overall shed surface of the erected scaffolding, and make small holes for binding iron wires at the fixed position of the angle iron, with an interval of 40 -50cm. 5. Pull a piece of 8# iron wire every 40-50cm in the east-west direction of the scaffolding surface, and firmly fix the iron wire on each cross-arm wooden rafter or steel pipe.

Example 1

Long stem type shaping, open an east-west direction in the middle of the greenhouse, and a 2-meter-wide grape planting ditch is planted in two rows, with a row spacing of 1m and a plant spacing of 1m. Single vine pruning, racking on both sides, inclined racking surface, high in the north and low in the south , the height of the south shelf is about 1.5m, and the height of the north shelf is about 2.5m. The frame is mainly made of cement pillars as pillars, wooden rafters as cross-stretchers, and iron wires fixed on the surface of the frame as longitudinal lines. The main advantage is that the construction and management methods are simple and easy to understand, which solves the problems of difficult fruit, difficult control of diseases and insect pests and unstable yield in the management of facility grapes in Turpan area. Cultivating grapes under this structure is more conducive to the growth of grapes. Photosynthesis and ventilation and light transmission, under the same management conditions, the cost is reduced by 20-30% compared with the original trellis cultivation, and the income is 12,000-15,000 yuan/mu. It is a very practical facility grape trellis.

Example 2

"H" shape shaping, open an east-west direction in the middle of the greenhouse, a grape planting ditch with a width of 1 meter, plant a row, the distance between plants is 2.8m, "H" shape pruning, shelf on both sides, inclined shelf surface, high in the north and low in the south, south The shelf surface is about 1.5m high, and the north shelf surface is about 2.5m high. The frame is mainly made of cement pillars as pillars, wooden rafters as cross-stretchers, and iron wires fixed on the surface of the frame as longitudinal lines. The main advantages are that there are few seedlings to be planted, only one row of grapes is planted, and the management is simple after maturity. Under the same management conditions, the cost is reduced by 20-30% compared with the original hedgerow cultivation, and the income is 12,000-15,000 yuan/mu. It is a kind of Very practical facility grape rack type.

Example 3

"T" shape shaping, open an east-west direction in the middle of the greenhouse, a grape planting ditch with a width of 1 meter, plant a row, the distance between plants is 1m, "T" shape pruning, racking on both sides, inclined racking surface, high in the north and low in the south, and framed in the south The height of the surface is about 1.5m, and the height of the north shelf is about 2.5m. The frame is mainly made of cement pillars as pillars, wooden rafters as cross-stretchers, and iron wires fixed on the surface of the frame as longitudinal lines. The main advantages are that there are few seedlings to be planted, only one row of grapes is planted, and the management is simple after maturity. Under the same management conditions, the cost is reduced by 20-30% compared with the original hedgerow cultivation, and the income is 12,000-15,000 yuan/mu. It is a kind of Very practical facility grape rack type.

The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention can obviously obtain the simplicity of the technical solution. Changes or equivalent replacements are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A kind of facility grape trellis erecting method is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: Combined with the greenhouse structure and natural climate conditions in Xinjiang, the construction is to fully consider the angle of sunlight in the region, make full use of the interior space of the greenhouse, use the main support steel pipe of the greenhouse as the north column, or plant cement columns in the greenhouse without the main support column; specifically : a. The greenhouse is east-west, facing north and south, with a span of 8-9m; a row of cement columns is planted east-west at a distance of 50-80cm from the north wall of the greenhouse, with a column spacing of 3.5m and a column height of 2.5m; on the south side of the greenhouse, the distance from the north column is 4-5m A row of uprights is planted in the east-west direction, the distance between the uprights is 3.5m, and the height of the uprights is 1.5m, which are aligned with the uprights on the north wall; b. Cross-arm national standard steel pipes with a diameter of 5cm and a length of 5-10 meters on the east-west cement columns, weld the steel pipes, and fix the cement column tops with the steel pipes; place wooden rafters or national standard steel pipes with a diameter of 10cm between the north and south columns The minimum diameter of steel pipes and wooden rafters is more than 10cm and fixed; all steel pipes are painted with anti-rust paint; c. The south column is 2.5-3m away from the southernmost side of the greenhouse cultivation tank. Each column in the south row is connected to the south greenhouse steel frame with 8# or 10# iron wire, and the connection points between the north and south columns and the greenhouse steel frame are on a straight line; d. Install the national standard triangle iron on the wall on the wall on the east and west sides of the greenhouse, on the straight line that meets the overall frame surface of the scaffolding, and make small holes for binding iron wires at the fixed position of the angle iron, with an interval of 40 -50cm; e. Pull a piece of 8# iron wire every 40-50cm in the east-west direction on the scaffold surface, and fix the iron wire firmly on each cross-arm wooden rafter or steel pipe. 2. The method for erecting a facility grape trellis according to claim 1, wherein the pruning is a dragon stem type shaping, and an east-west direction is opened in the middle of the greenhouse, a 2-meter-wide grape planting ditch is planted. Rows, row spacing 1m, plant spacing 1m, single vine pruning, both sides of the shelf, inclined shelf surface, high in the north and low in the south, 1.5m high in the south, and 2.5m high in the north. 3. The method for erecting a facility grape trellis according to claim 1, wherein the pruning is H-shaped, and an east-west direction is opened in the middle of the greenhouse, with a width of 1 meter for planting grapes, and one row is planted. The distance between plants is 2.8m, H-shaped pruning, two-sided shelf, inclined shelf surface, high in the north and low in the south, 1.5m high in the south and 2.5m high in the north. 4. The method for erecting a facility grape trellis according to claim 1, characterized in that, the pruning is T-shaped, and an east-west direction is opened in the middle of the greenhouse with a width of 1 meter for planting grapes, and one row is planted. The distance between the plants is 1m, the two sides are on the shelf, the shelf is inclined, the north is high and the south is low, the south shelf is 1.5m high, and the north shelf is 2.5m high.