CN108811876B - Vine plant modeling product cultivation production method - Google Patents
Vine plant modeling product cultivation production method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108811876B CN108811876B CN201810548060.5A CN201810548060A CN108811876B CN 108811876 B CN108811876 B CN 108811876B CN 201810548060 A CN201810548060 A CN 201810548060A CN 108811876 B CN108811876 B CN 108811876B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
A method for cultivating and producing vine plant modeling products belongs to the technical field of plant modeling. The method comprises the following steps: 1) designing a model; 2) preparing a nursery land; 3) planting; 4) placing and fixing; 5) cultivating; 6) trimming and traction modeling; 7) weeding and managing plant diseases and insect pests; 8) d, outplanting the nursery stock; 9) loading and transporting; 10) and (5) greening outside the field. The vine plant modeling product cultivation production method is characterized in that the final shape is designed in advance through standardized mass production in a nursery garden, the vine plant modeling product is transferred to a greening place when greening is needed, the detachable side wall plates on the side walls of the planting pot main body are broken, the planting pot is integrally placed in the planting hole, plant roots grow into external soil through the detachable side wall plates, more nutrients are absorbed, the nutritional requirements of vine plants are met, and the vine plant modeling product cultivation production method is simple and convenient to use and has a wide market prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant modeling, and particularly relates to a vine plant modeling product cultivation and production method.
Background
The vine plant is a kind of plant whose stem is slender, can not be erected, can only be attached to other objects (such as tree and wall) or can be crept on the ground to grow, and is most typical of them, such as grape, tiger creeper, Chinese rose and rose. The vine plants arranged by the framework become independent landscapes in landscaping. Such as a veranda, a flower shelf, an arch, a lamp post, a fence, a balcony, etc. Various different vine plants are planted to form a plant landscape which is rich in flowers and fruits, so that the flowers and the fruits can be appreciated, and a place for enjoying cool and enjoying the garden is provided. Not only beautifies the environment, but also improves the ecology. Some vine plants can be built into independent landscape, such as costustoot, can be planted independently, and can be erected with circular sheds and also can be mutually supported by combining buildings, so that the appearance is improved. The balcony is decorated with vine and vine, and may be added with various kinds of machine to beautify building and combine people with nature. In addition, the vine plants are also a natural protective layer, so that the direct influence of the atmosphere on the building envelope can be reduced, the surface weathering is avoided, and the aging is delayed. Therefore, the vine has unique functions and beautifying function, and has increasingly larger greening development space. The design of the vine plant modeling product has great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to design and provide a technical scheme of a vine plant modeling product cultivation and production method, the final shape is designed in advance through standardized mass production in a nursery, the vine plant modeling product is transferred to a greening place when greening is needed, a detachable side wall plate on the side wall of a planting pot main body is broken, the planting pot is integrally placed in a planting hole, a plant root system is enabled to grow into external soil through the detachable side wall plate, more nutrients are absorbed, the nutritional requirements of vine plants are met, the vine plant modeling product cultivation and production method is simple and convenient to use, and the vine plant modeling product cultivation and production method has wide market prospects.
The method for cultivating and producing the vine plant modeling product is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) modeling design: the standardized production technology is adopted, and the three-dimensional greening molding product with short-term effect, long-term beautification and high cost performance for the vines is provided for customers through a reasonable cultivation period; the planting frames adopted by the vine plants comprise cylindrical planting frames, letter-shaped planting frames, heart-shaped planting frames, small umbrella planting frames, large umbrella planting frames, chain-shaped planting frames, arched planting frames and screen-shaped planting frames;
2) preparing a nursery land: comprises nursery selection, ground cloth laying, bracket erection and irrigation system;
3) planting;
4) placing and fixing: setting reasonable plant-row spacing according to cultivation targets of different product types; after the potted products are placed to the set plant row spacing, fixing and binding the plant planting frames on the plastic steel wire ropes of the supporting system by using gardening binding wires;
5) culturing: determining illumination time, illumination intensity and proper temperature, and correspondingly adjusting the water supply according to different growth periods of plants; applying an organic fertilizer, a slow release fertilizer, a fast-dissolving compound fertilizer and a foliar fertilizer as required;
6) trimming and traction modeling: pruning branches with diseases and pests and weak branches, thinning parallel branches, dense branches and inward branches, and carrying out cultivation modeling on main branches and side branches by dividing the pruning into a growth cultivation period pruning and a outplanting period pruning;
7) weeding and pest and disease control: weeding for 3-4 times in one year; the pest and disease management conforms to the principle of prevention as a main part and comprehensive prevention and control;
8) and (3) outplanting the nursery stock: marking products meeting the outplanting standard;
9) loading and transporting: during long-distance transportation, watering the plants thoroughly 1 day before outplanting, and properly ventilating and breathing when the plants are hot;
10) greening outside the field: and (4) conveying the planting modeling product to a greening place, and placing the whole planting pot at the bottom of the planting frame into the planting hole for planting.
The vine plant modeling product cultivation production method is characterized by specifically comprising the following steps in the step 2):
1) selecting a nursery land: selecting a land block with sufficient water source, good water quality and high terrain, and requiring smooth drainage, good ventilation, sufficient illumination and the south-north orientation of the seedbed; the width of the seedbed is 20-30 m, the gradient of the seedbed is 7-9 per mill, the upper width of a drainage ditch between the seedbeds is 35-45 cm, the lower width is 25-35 cm, the depth is 25-35 cm, and the seedbed is leveled, compacted and drained smoothly;
2) base cloth laying: a gardening ground fabric is laid on the seedbed, and is fixed and leveled by ground fabric nails;
3) erecting a bracket:
a. upright column arrangement
The column spacing of the columnar planting frame, the letter-shaped planting frame, the heart-shaped planting frame and the small umbrella planting frame is 8m 1.5 m-9m 1.8 m;
the space between the upright columns of the big umbrella planting frame, the chain-shaped planting frame and the arch-shaped planting frame is 8m 2 m-9m 2.5 m;
the spacing between the upright columns of the screen-shaped planting frame is 8m × 2.5 m-9m × 3 m;
b. column fabrication
Selecting a galvanized steel pipe with the diameter of 45-55 mm and the wall thickness of 2-3 mm, and longitudinally and transversely punching at a position 4-6 cm away from the top, wherein the aperture is 0.8-1.2 cm; wherein the length of the upright post tube used by the column-shaped planting frame, the letter-shaped planting frame, the heart-shaped planting frame and the small umbrella planting frame is 180-220 cm; the upright post tube used by the large umbrella planting frame, the chain-shaped planting frame and the arch-shaped planting frame is 240-260 cm long; the length of the upright post pipe used by the screen-shaped planting frame is 280-320 cm;
c. fixing of vertical column
The method is adopted according to different conditions of the site: the direct piling method or the cement piling method is used for fixing,
the direct piling method comprises the following steps: directly driving the upright column vertically downwards into the soil, wherein the soil penetration depth is 45-55 cm;
a cement pile method: embedding a square cement pile into the soil, pouring concrete around the square cement pile to fix the cement pile, welding a steel plate at the bottom of an upright post, and connecting the upright post with a foundation cement pile by using an expansion screw to keep the steel pipe upright and neat;
d. side column arrangement
Selecting a galvanized steel pipe with the diameter of 35-45 mm and the wall thickness of 2-3 mm, wherein the length of the pipe is 95-105 cm, one side column is arranged at a position 200 cm away from the outer sides of the head and tail two columns, the side columns are inclined outwards and are driven into the ground at an angle of 55-65 degrees, and the soil penetration depth is 75-85 cm;
e. column connection
Selecting a plastic steel wire rope with proper thickness to connect the side column and the middle upright column through longitudinal and transverse hole alignment, and tightening and fixing the steel wire rope by using a rope tightening device;
4) an irrigation system: the implementation is performed with reference to national standards.
The vine plant modeling product cultivation production method is characterized in that in the planting step 3):
1) selecting annual cutting seedlings or grafting seedlings, 3 first-level branches, wherein the distance between the first branch and the third branch is 8-10cm, and the thickness of the first-level branches is 0.4-0.6 cm;
2) seedling standard: the whole batch has regular and uniform appearance, normal color of the seedling branches, intact plant type, full lignification of the branches, full buds, complete root system and no soil; no quarantine object, no obvious harm of diseases and pests, no mechanical damage and no water loss air drying phenomenon; no dead branches, residual leaves, diseased roots and torn roots;
3) pruning seedlings: uniformly cutting the main root to 10-15cm, and cutting the abnormal main root to the normal root system; smearing the stock sprout of the grafted seedling; pruning the first-level branches to keep the overall balance of the branches;
4) and (3) seedling disinfection: before planting, seedlings need to be sprayed with 500-800 times of carbendazim or chlorothalonil;
5) hormone treatment: before planting, seedlings are quickly dipped for 3-5 s by using 2000-2500 ppm IBA solution, and the roots are dipped with slurry, so that the whole root system is completely dipped with slurry;
6) matrix: the vine planting matrix is used, and the matrix is fully wet before planting;
7) and selecting a proper planting method according to different vine plants.
The vine plant modeling product cultivation production method is characterized in that in the step 5) cultivation:
in winter: enough anti-freezing water is poured in the beginning of 12 months, the substrate is required to be kept in a wet state in the wintering period, and the water content is about 50-60%;
spring: sufficient green water is poured in late ten months of 2 months, the period of 4-5 months is the period of concentrated germination, leaf expansion and flowering of the roses, the water demand is large, and water should be sufficiently poured;
summer: when the weather is hot, the irrigation is preferably carried out in the morning and at night, and the high-temperature time period 17 hours after 9 hours before is avoided as much as possible;
in autumn: properly reduce the irrigation quantity and promote the lignification of branches.
The vine plant modeling product cultivation production method is characterized by comprising the following steps of 6) pruning and traction modeling:
1) the pruning method in the growth and cultivation period comprises the following steps: culturing strong main branches of newly planted bare-rooted seedlings in the first year, straightening 2-3 branches to ensure that the branches grow vertically, trimming other branches according to a trimming principle, and binding according to traction and modeling requirements; in the growing season, all flowering branches need to be cut off, and the lower bud points are promoted to germinate to form new vegetative branches;
2) the pruning method in the outplanting period comprises the following steps: controlling the spindly branches and keeping the flowering branches; after the flowering phase is finished, pruning the flowering branches to promote the lower bud points to germinate to form new flowering branches, and rebinding branches which are not bound in place after the plants fall leaves in winter; before sprouting in early spring, 2-3 bud points at the top end of each branch are cut off, and stronger bud points are reserved.
The vine plant modeling product cultivation production method is characterized by comprising the following steps of 1): the umbrella-shaped planting frame consists of a planting pot, a support main pipe, a spoke support upper fixing seat, a spoke support lower fixing seat, 3-8 umbrella support supports and 1-4 groups of support transverse pipes, wherein each group of support transverse pipes consists of 3-8 support transverse pipes, and a split type easily-detachable structure is formed together; the support is responsible for the bottom and plants basin spiro union or grafting fixed coordination, and the support is responsible for top spiro union or joint fixed mounting spoke support and goes up fixing base, spoke support lower fixing base, and the umbrella props the support root and sets up branch, lower branch respectively with spoke support go up fixing base, spoke support lower fixing base last draw-in groove, lower draw-in groove grafting tight fit and through nut locking cooperation, set up between the adjacent umbrella props the support and violently manage lock nut locking cooperation through the support and constitute the umbrella face frame.
The vine plant modeling product cultivation production method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the device comprises group support transverse pipes which are respectively a first support transverse pipe, a second support transverse pipe and a third support transverse pipe, wherein the support transverse pipes of each group are connected to form an annular structure, and the distances among the first support transverse pipe, the second support transverse pipe and the third support transverse pipe are equal; the upper fixing seat of the spoke support is provided with an upper stud and 3-8 upper clamping grooves, and the upper fixing seat of the spoke support is sleeved at the top of the support main pipe and is in locking fit with the upper stud through an upper nut; the lower fixed seat of the spoke support is provided with a lower connecting column and 3-8 lower clamping grooves, and the lower fixed seat of the spoke support is sleeved at the top of the main pipe of the support and is in locking fit with the lower connecting column through a lower lock catch; an inclined supporting rod is arranged between the upper branch and the lower branch of the umbrella stand support, a support stud is arranged on the umbrella stand support, stud sleeves are respectively arranged at two ends of the horizontal support tube, the horizontal support tube and the umbrella stand support are sleeved through the support stud and the stud sleeve and are locked and matched through a locking nut of the horizontal support tube to form the umbrella face frame.
The vine plant modeling product cultivation production method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the planting pot comprises a planting pot main body, wherein 3-4 bracket fixing holes are formed in the planting pot main body, a group of detachable side wall plates with thin edges are arranged on the side wall of the planting pot main body, a side wall groove is formed on the side wall of the planting pot main body at the lower part of each bracket fixing hole, bracket fixing bolts and bracket fixing nuts used for fixing the lower part of each bracket are arranged on the bracket fixing holes in a matched mode, bracket fixing base clamping grooves are formed in the bottom of the planting pot main body extending to the bracket fixing holes in a matched mode, and bracket fixing bases used for fixing the bottom of each bracket are arranged on the bracket fixing base clamping grooves in a matched mode and; the main pipe of the bracket is matched and connected with the main body of the plant pot through a fixed seat, a through hole of the main pipe of the bracket is arranged in the middle of the fixed seat, the main pipe of the bracket is matched and connected with the through hole of the main pipe of the bracket in a penetrating way and then fixed through a locking nut, 3-4 fixed supporting rods are arranged on the fixed seat, connecting pipes corresponding to the fixed holes of the bracket in an up-and-down inserting way are arranged at the outer end parts of the fixed supporting rods in a matching way; a baffle is arranged on the bracket fixing bolt and is in blocking fit with the lower surface of the bracket fixing hole; the bracket fixing nut is correspondingly provided with a bracket through hole II; a bracket jack is arranged on the bracket fixing base; a bracket fixing groove is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the planting pot main body; a water storage groove is formed in the bottom of the planting pot main body; the bottom of the planting pot main body is provided with a group of water permeable holes.
The vine plant modeling product cultivation production method is characterized in that the final shape is designed in advance through standardized mass production in a nursery garden, the vine plant modeling product is transferred to a greening place when greening is needed, the detachable side wall plates on the side walls of the planting pot main body are broken, the planting pot is integrally placed in the planting hole, plant roots grow into external soil through the detachable side wall plates, more nutrients are absorbed, the nutritional requirements of vine plants are met, and the vine plant modeling product cultivation production method is simple and convenient to use and has a wide market prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the umbrella stand of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a first structural schematic diagram of the transverse tube of the bracket of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a second structural schematic view of the transverse tube of the bracket of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a third structural schematic view of the horizontal tube of the bracket of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the fixing seat of the spoke support of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of an inventive upper nut;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of the lower fixing seat of the spoke support of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the lower lock of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the bracket mounting base of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a first structural schematic diagram of the planting pot of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following, the vine plant is rose as an example.
1. Modeling design: the standardized production technology is adopted, and the three-dimensional greening molding product with short-term effect, long-term beautification and high cost performance for the vines is provided for customers through a reasonable cultivation period; the planting frames adopted by the vine plants comprise cylindrical planting frames, letter-shaped planting frames, heart-shaped planting frames, small umbrella planting frames, large umbrella planting frames, chain-shaped planting frames, arched planting frames and screen-shaped planting frames;
the umbrella-shaped planting frame consists of a planting pot 1, a support main pipe 4, a spoke support upper fixing seat 7, a spoke support lower fixing seat 6, 3-8 umbrella support supports 10 and 1-4 groups of support transverse pipes 9, wherein each group of support transverse pipes 9 consists of 3-8 support transverse pipes 9, and a split type easily-detachable structure is formed together; the support is responsible for 4 bottoms and the fixed cooperation of pegging graft of planting 1 spiro union of basin or grafting, the support is responsible for 4 tops spiro union or joint fixed mounting spoke support and goes up fixing base 7, spoke support lower fixing base 6, the umbrella stand support 10 root sets up branch 10c, lower branch 10f respectively with spoke support go up fixing base 7, spoke support lower fixing base 6 go up draw-in groove 7a, draw-in groove 6a grafting tight fit down and through nut lock fit, set up between the adjacent umbrella stand support 10 that the support violently manages 9 and violently manage lock nut 11 lock fit through the support and constitute the umbrella face frame. Preferably, contain 3 groups of support violently pipes 9, respectively for first support violently pipe, second support violently pipe, third support violently pipe, connect between every group support violently pipe 9 and constitute the loop configuration, the first support violently pipe, second support violently pipe, the interval between the third support violently pipe is equal. Preferably, the spoke support upper fixing seat 7 is provided with an upper stud 7b and 3-8 upper clamping grooves 7a, and the spoke support upper fixing seat 7 is sleeved on the top of the support main pipe 4 and is in locking fit with the upper stud 7b through an upper nut 8; the spoke support lower fixing seat 6 is provided with a lower connecting column 6b and 3-8 lower clamping grooves 6a, and the spoke support lower fixing seat 6 is sleeved on the top of the support main pipe 4 and is in locking fit with the lower connecting column 6b through a lower lock catch 5. Preferably, an inclined support rod 10b is arranged between an upper branch 10c and a lower branch 10f of the umbrella stand support 10, a support stud 10a is arranged on the umbrella stand support 10, stud sleeves 9a are respectively arranged at two ends of the support transverse pipe 9, and the support transverse pipe 9 and the umbrella stand support 10 are sleeved through the support stud 10a and the stud sleeve 9a and are locked and matched through a support transverse pipe locking nut 11 to form the umbrella face frame. Preferably, the planting pot 1 comprises a planting pot main body 1a, 3-4 bracket fixing holes 1c are formed in the planting pot main body 1a, a group of detachable side wall plates 1b with thin edges are arranged on the side wall of the planting pot main body 1a, side wall grooves 1f are formed in the side wall of the planting pot main body 1a at the lower part of the bracket fixing holes 1c, bracket fixing bolts 1g and bracket fixing nuts 1h for fixing the lower part of the bracket are arranged on the bracket fixing holes 1c in a matched mode, bracket fixing base clamping grooves are arranged at the bottom of the planting pot main body 1a to which the bracket fixing holes 1c extend in a matched mode, and bracket fixing bases 1m for fixing the bottom of the bracket are arranged on the bracket fixing base clamping grooves in a matched mode and fixed through; the support is responsible for 4 and is connected with planting basin main part 1a cooperation through fixing base 2, set up support in the middle of fixing base 2 and be responsible for through-hole 2b, the support is responsible for 4 and is responsible for through-hole 2b cross-under cooperation and then fixed through lock nut 3, fixing base 2 sets up 3-4 fixed branch 2c, the outer tip cooperation of fixed branch 2c sets up the connecting pipe 2a who corresponds with grafting from top to bottom of support fixed orifices 1c, connecting pipe 2a passes through support fixing bolt 1g, support fixation nut 1h locking is fixed. A baffle 1g-1 is arranged on the bracket fixing bolt 1g, and the baffle 1g-1 is in blocking fit with the lower surface of the bracket fixing hole 1 c; and a bracket through hole II1h-1 is correspondingly arranged on the bracket fixing nut 1 h. The support fixing base 1m is provided with a support jack 1 m-1. The middle of the bottom of the planting pot main body 1a is provided with a bracket fixing groove. The bottom of the planting pot main body 1a is provided with a water storage groove 1 e. The bottom of the planting pot main body 1a is provided with a group of water permeable holes 1 d. During installation, the support main pipe 4 is inserted into the support main pipe through hole 2b of the fixing seat 2, and the support fixing hole 1c and the connecting pipe 2a are locked and fixed through the support fixing bolt 1g and the support fixing nut 1 h. The umbrella-shaped planting frame is divided into a small umbrella planting frame and a large umbrella planting frame, and the structures of the small umbrella planting frame and the large umbrella planting frame are the same. Other planting pots such as cylindrical planting shelves, letter-shaped planting shelves, heart-shaped planting shelves, chain-shaped planting shelves, arch-shaped planting shelves and screen-shaped planting shelves can adopt the planting pots of umbrella-shaped planting shelves; the main structure of other planting frames can be a welding structure or a split type dismounting structure.
2. Preparing a nursery land:
1) selecting a nursery land: selecting land with sufficient water source, good water quality and high terrain, and requiring smooth drainage, good ventilation, sufficient illumination and the south-north orientation of the seedbed. The width of the seedbed is 25 m, the gradient of the seedbed is 8 per mill, and the upper width of the drainage ditch between the seedbeds is 40 cm, the lower width is 30 cm and the depth is 30 cm. Leveling and compacting, and smooth drainage.
2) Base cloth laying: gardening ground fabric (gram weight 70 g/m) is laid on the seedbed23 years of service life), and is fixed and leveled by a ground cloth nail (16 cm).
3) Erecting a bracket:
a. upright column arrangement
The column spacing of the columnar planting frame, the letter-shaped planting frame, the heart-shaped planting frame and the small umbrella planting frame is 8m 1.5 m-9m 1.8 m;
the space between the upright columns of the big umbrella planting frame, the chain-shaped planting frame and the arch-shaped planting frame is 8m 2 m-9m 2.5 m;
the spacing between the upright columns of the screen-shaped planting frame is 8m × 2.5 m-9m × 3 m;
b. column fabrication
Selecting a galvanized steel pipe with the diameter of 45-55 mm and the wall thickness of 2-3 mm, and longitudinally and transversely punching at a position 4-6 cm away from the top, wherein the aperture is 0.8-1.2 cm; wherein the length of the upright post tube used by the column-shaped planting frame, the letter-shaped planting frame, the heart-shaped planting frame and the small umbrella planting frame is 180-220 cm; the upright post tube used by the large umbrella planting frame, the chain-shaped planting frame and the arch-shaped planting frame is 240-260 cm long; the length of the upright post pipe used by the screen-shaped planting frame is 280-320 cm;
c. fixing of vertical column
The method is adopted according to different conditions of the site: the direct piling method or the cement piling method is used for fixing,
the direct piling method comprises the following steps: directly driving the upright column vertically downwards into the soil, wherein the soil penetration depth is 45-55 cm;
a cement pile method: embedding a square cement pile into the soil, pouring concrete around the square cement pile to fix the cement pile, welding a steel plate at the bottom of an upright post, and connecting the upright post with a foundation cement pile by using an expansion screw to keep the steel pipe upright and neat;
d. side column arrangement
Selecting a galvanized steel pipe with the diameter of 35-45 mm and the wall thickness of 2-3 mm, wherein the length of the pipe is 95-105 cm, one side column is arranged at a position 200 cm away from the outer sides of the head and tail two columns, the side columns are inclined outwards and are driven into the ground at an angle of 55-65 degrees, and the soil penetration depth is 75-85 cm;
e. column connection
Selecting a plastic steel wire rope with proper thickness to connect the side column and the middle upright column through longitudinal and transverse hole alignment, and tightening and fixing the steel wire rope by using a rope tightening device;
4) an irrigation system: the implementation is performed with reference to national standards.
3. Planting:
1) seedling: selecting annual cutting seedlings or grafting seedlings, 3 first-level branches, wherein the distance between the first branch and the third branch is 8-10cm, and the thickness of the first-level branches is 0.4-0.6 cm; the whole batch has regular and uniform appearance, normal color of the seedling branches, intact plant type, full lignification of the branches, full buds, complete root system and no soil; no quarantine object, no obvious harm of diseases and pests, no mechanical damage and no water loss air drying phenomenon; no dead branches, residual leaves, diseased roots and torn roots; the main root is uniformly shortened to 10-15cm, and the abnormal (deformed) main root is shortened to a normal root system; smearing the stock sprout of the grafted seedling; pruning the first-level branches to keep the overall balance of the branches; before planting, seedlings need to be sprayed with 500-800 times of carbendazim or chlorothalonil; seedlings need to be treated by fast dipping for 3-5 s by using 2000-2500 ppm IBA solution before planting. The root is dipped with the slurry, so that the whole root system is completely dipped with the slurry.
2) Matrix: the special matrix for rose modeling products (pH 5.5-6.5, EC value 0.3-0.55 ms/cm, volume weight 0.13-0.15 g/ml, total porosity 60%, and size-to-pore ratio 1: 1.4) is used. When the substrate is filled, the substrate is strictly forbidden to be extruded, and the lower part of the beauty planting bag needs to be filled and filled, does not deform and has no pit angle. The substrate is sufficiently wet before planting.
3) The most suitable rose planting time is from the beginning of the winter dormancy of each year to 2 middle of the next year; planting 4 seedlings on the rose screen, and planting 3 seedlings on the other products; the planting depth of the seedlings is preferably that the root and stem parts are about 2 cm higher than the top end of the substrate after the fixed root water irrigation is completed; the plant stands vertically, the root system is stretched in the substrate and fully combined with the substrate, and the surface of the substrate is horizontal and is 3 cm lower than the upper edge of the container; and after planting, watering the root fixing water thoroughly in time. After watering the root fixing water, if inclined and lodging plants are needed, straightening and compacting in time and watering again; after the root fixing water is thoroughly watered, spraying and sterilizing the plants, wherein 800 times of carbendazim can be sprayed on the leaf surfaces; and closely observing the plump degree of the branches within one week after planting, and if the macroscopic water loss phenomenon occurs, adopting an intermittent spraying measure to enable the branches to be in a wet state so as to ensure that the plants safely pass through the seedling recovering period.
4. Placing and fixing: setting reasonable plant-row spacing according to cultivation targets of different product types; after the potted products are placed to the set plant row spacing, fixing and binding the plant planting frames on the plastic steel wire ropes of the supporting system by using gardening binding wires; meanwhile, in order to facilitate the universality of the support erection, the row spacing is uniformly set to be 1.5 m, 2 m and 2.5 m;
5. culturing: the illumination is sufficient, the illumination time is not less than 6 h every day, and the illumination intensity is preferably 25000 plus 50000 lux; the rose grows at a proper temperature of 20-27 ℃ in the daytime and 12-18 ℃ at night, and slowly grows when the air temperature is lower than 5 ℃, and plants gradually enter a dormant state. The rose can enter a semi-dormant state under the condition of continuous high temperature of more than 30 ℃ in summer; the roses are very sensitive to moisture, and the supply of moisture is correspondingly adjusted according to different growth periods of plants and different moisture demands; the requirement of the rose irrigation water quality is as follows: the water quality is clean, the pH value is 5.8-7, the EC value is less than 0.75, and the particle size of impurities is less than 80 meshes; when the drip irrigation watering is used, the using conditions of the filter and the drip irrigation pipe need to be frequently checked, and foreign matters are removed in time to ensure normal water supply; winter (12 months-2 months of the next year middle and last ten days): enough anti-freezing water is poured in the beginning of 12 months. Maintaining the substrate in a wet state during the wintering period, wherein the water content is about 50%; spring (2 late ten-5 months end): sufficient green water is poured in late ten months of 2 months, the period of 4-5 months is the period of concentrated germination, leaf expansion and flowering of the roses, the water demand is large, and water should be sufficiently poured; summer (6-8 months bottom): when the weather is hot, the irrigation is preferably carried out in the morning and at night, and the high-temperature time period 17 hours after 9 hours before is avoided as much as possible; autumn (9-11 months): properly reduce the irrigation quantity and promote the lignification of branches. The types of fertilizers mainly include: organic fertilizer, slow release fertilizer, instant compound fertilizer and foliar fertilizer.
TABLE 1 Scale for fertilizing in growth period, namely product cultivation period
TABLE 2 Fertilizer application scale in outplanting period
6. Trimming and traction modeling: the pruning principle is to prune the branches of diseases and pests, thin and weak branches, and dredge parallel branches, dense branches and inward branches; the pruning is divided into a growth and cultivation period pruning and a nursery period pruning;
the pruning method in the growth and cultivation period comprises the following steps: newly planted bare-rooted seedlings need to be cultivated into strong main branches in the first year, 2-3 branches are straightened to ensure that the branches grow vertically, and other branches are trimmed according to a trimming principle and are bound according to traction and modeling requirements.
B, pruning method in outplanting period: controlling the spindly branches and keeping the flowering branches; after the flowering phase is finished, pruning the flowering branch to promote the lower bud point to germinate to form a new flowering branch.
Main branch cultivation: each seedling keeps 2-3 strong bud points sprouted from the base, and a main branch which is upright upwards is cultivated and bound; when the terminal bud of the main branch is weak in growth, cutting off the top branch at the position of 0.5 cm above the reserved bud point (2 rd to 3 rd plump bud), and re-cultivating the terminal bud; when the growth vigor of the non-top sprout exceeds the original main branch, the original main branch is cut off, and the sprout is guided to cultivate a new main branch.
Cultivating lateral branches: method one (growing season modeling): when the growth height of the lateral branches on the base lateral branches or the main branches of each seedling exceeds 40 cm, the seedlings need to be transversely pulled and bound, the pulling angle is 35-50 degrees, and the binding point is 20 cm below the top buds of the branches. If the terminal bud continuously grows nutritionally, the terminal bud is continuously bound upwards; after the side branches at adjacent heights are bound, the distance between the two branches is 20-25 cm; if the distance between adjacent branches is less than 20 cm, one branch is reversely pulled and bound; when the lateral branches of different plants are bound, the vertical surfaces of the branches are uniformly distributed.
Method two (winter dormancy molding): and (3) vertically binding and fixing the lateral branches on the base lateral branches or the main branches of each seedling on a support in the growing season, and carrying out traction binding on the lateral branches in the dormant period in winter, wherein the traction angle is 35-50 degrees, the distance between two branches is 20-25 cm, and the vertical surfaces of the branches are uniformly distributed.
And others: once the sprout on the stock is found, the sprout is immediately broken off by fingers; removing the buds with weaker growth vigor in the combined buds; if blind buds appear, pruning the blind buds at positions 2-3 bud points downwards; after the plants fall leaves in winter, re-binding branches which are not bound in place; before sprouting in early spring, 2-3 bud points at the top end of each branch are cut off, and stronger bud points are reserved.
7. Weeding and pest and disease control: the weeds in the container are removed completely, and the weeds are removed 3 to 4 times in one year. After bare-rooted seedlings are planted in winter, before the seedlings sprout, the seedlings can be sealed and weeded by butachlor or metropolis and the like, and after the new sprouts expand leaves, a covering (pine scales and straws) is added on the surface layer of a matrix to prevent and control weeds. The management of plant diseases and insect pests should comply with the principle of prevention as the main and comprehensive control, and should comprehensively use forest-cultivation measures, physical control, etc., and adopt chemical control if necessary. The maintenance management should be enhanced, the ventilation and light transmission are enhanced, the temperature and humidity are reduced and removed in time, the plants grow strongly, and the capability of resisting diseases and insect pests is enhanced. The dead branches and fallen leaves with diseases and pests are cleaned in time, the sources of diseases and pests are eliminated, and the diseases and pests are prevented from spreading. Protective bactericide is sprayed in time after rain, particularly in high-temperature seasons; the bottom of the substrate can be used for controlling the root-eating pests by using chlorpyrifos and the like; attention is paid to the alternative use of different agents to avoid the development of resistance. The use amount of nitrogen fertilizer is reduced in late autumn and early winter, and phosphorus potassium fertilizer (such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate) is applied to accelerate lignification of branches growing in the current year; reasonably arranging the trimming period and the trimming amount, and improving the cold resistance of plants; and pouring enough anti-freezing water at proper time.
8. And (3) outplanting the nursery stock: and marking products meeting the outplanting standard, wherein the names, the names of varieties, the specifications, the quantity, the seedling ages, the production places, the production units, the outplanting time and the like of the qualified products are noted.
9. Loading and transporting: during long-distance transportation, watering the plants thoroughly 1 day before outplanting, and properly ventilating and breathing when the plants are hot;
10. greening outside the field: when greening is needed, the planting pot is transferred to a greening place, the detachable side wall plate 1b on the side wall of the planting pot main body 1a is broken into pieces, the planting pot is integrally placed in the planting hole, so that the plant root system grows into external soil through the detachable side wall plate 1b, more nutrients are absorbed, the nutritional requirements of the vine plants are met, and the use is simple and convenient.
Claims (4)
1. A vine plant modeling product cultivation production method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) modeling design: the standardized production technology is adopted, and the three-dimensional greening molding product with short-term effect, long-term beautification and high cost performance for the vines is provided for customers through a reasonable cultivation period; the planting frames adopted by the vine plants comprise cylindrical planting frames, letter-shaped planting frames, heart-shaped planting frames, umbrella-shaped planting frames, chain-shaped planting frames, arch-shaped planting frames and screen-shaped planting frames; the umbrella-shaped planting frame comprises a small umbrella planting frame and a large umbrella planting frame;
2) preparing a nursery land: comprises nursery selection, ground cloth laying, bracket erection and irrigation system;
1) selecting a nursery land: selecting a land block with sufficient water source, good water quality and high terrain, and requiring smooth drainage, good ventilation, sufficient illumination and the south-north orientation of the seedbed; the width of the seedbed is 20-30 m, the gradient of the seedbed is 7-9 per mill, the upper width of a drainage ditch between the seedbeds is 35-45 cm, the lower width is 25-35 cm, the depth is 25-35 cm, and the seedbed is leveled, compacted and drained smoothly;
2) base cloth laying: a gardening ground fabric is laid on the seedbed, and is fixed and leveled by ground fabric nails;
3) erecting a bracket:
a. upright column arrangement
The column spacing of the columnar planting frame, the letter-shaped planting frame, the heart-shaped planting frame and the small umbrella planting frame is 8m 1.5 m-9m 1.8 m;
the space between the upright columns of the big umbrella planting frame, the chain-shaped planting frame and the arch-shaped planting frame is 8m 2 m-9m 2.5 m;
the spacing between the upright columns of the screen-shaped planting frame is 8m × 2.5 m-9m × 3 m;
b. column fabrication
Selecting a galvanized steel pipe with the diameter of 45-55 mm and the wall thickness of 2-3 mm, and longitudinally and transversely punching at a position 4-6 cm away from the top, wherein the aperture is 0.8-1.2 cm; wherein the length of the upright post tube used by the column-shaped planting frame, the letter-shaped planting frame, the heart-shaped planting frame and the small umbrella planting frame is 180-220 cm; the upright post tube used by the large umbrella planting frame, the chain-shaped planting frame and the arch-shaped planting frame is 240-260 cm long; the length of the upright post pipe used by the screen-shaped planting frame is 280-320 cm;
c. fixing of vertical column
The method is adopted according to different conditions of the site: the direct piling method or the cement piling method is used for fixing,
the direct piling method comprises the following steps: directly driving the upright column vertically downwards into the soil, wherein the soil penetration depth is 45-55 cm;
a cement pile method: embedding a square cement pile into the soil, pouring concrete around the square cement pile to fix the cement pile, welding a steel plate at the bottom of an upright post, and connecting the upright post with a foundation cement pile by using an expansion screw to keep the steel pipe upright and neat;
d. side column arrangement
Selecting a galvanized steel pipe with the diameter of 35-45 mm and the wall thickness of 2-3 mm, wherein the length of the pipe is 95-105 cm, one side column is arranged at a position 200 cm away from the outer sides of the head and tail two columns, the side columns are inclined outwards and are driven into the ground at an angle of 55-65 degrees, and the soil penetration depth is 75-85 cm;
e. column connection
Selecting a plastic steel wire rope with proper thickness to connect the side column and the middle upright column through longitudinal and transverse hole alignment, and tightening and fixing the steel wire rope by using a rope tightening device;
3) planting; 1) selecting annual cutting seedlings or grafting seedlings, 3 first-level branches, wherein the distance from the first branch to the third branch is 8-10cm, and the thickness of the first-level branches is 0.4-0.6 cm; 2) seedling standard: the whole batch has regular and uniform appearance, normal color of the seedling branches, intact plant type, full lignification of the branches, full buds, complete root system and no soil; no quarantine object, no obvious harm of diseases and pests, no mechanical damage and no water loss air drying phenomenon; no dead branches, residual leaves, diseased roots and torn roots; 3) pruning seedlings: uniformly cutting the main root to 10-15cm, and cutting the abnormal main root to the normal root system; smearing the stock sprout of the grafted seedling; pruning the first-level branches to keep the overall balance of the branches; 4) and (3) seedling disinfection: before planting, seedlings need to be sprayed with 500-800 times of carbendazim or chlorothalonil; 5) hormone treatment: before planting, seedlings are quickly dipped for 3-5 s by using 2000-2500 ppm IBA solution, and the roots are dipped with slurry, so that the whole root system is completely dipped with slurry; 6) matrix: the vine planting matrix is used, and the matrix is fully wet before planting; 7) selecting a proper planting method according to different vine plants;
4) placing and fixing: setting reasonable plant-row spacing according to cultivation targets of different product types; after the potted products are placed to the set plant row spacing, fixing and binding the plant planting frames on the plastic steel wire ropes of the supporting system by using gardening binding wires;
5) culturing: determining illumination time, illumination intensity and proper temperature, and correspondingly adjusting the water supply according to different growth periods of plants; applying an organic fertilizer, a slow release fertilizer, a fast-dissolving compound fertilizer and a foliar fertilizer as required; in winter: enough anti-freezing water is poured in the beginning of 12 months, the substrate is required to be kept in a wet state in the wintering period, and the water content is 50-60%; spring: sufficient green water is poured in late ten months of 2 months, the period of 4-5 months is the period of concentrated germination, leaf expansion and flowering of the roses, the water demand is large, and water should be sufficiently poured; summer: when the weather is hot, the irrigation is preferably carried out in the morning and at night, and the high-temperature time period 17 hours after 9 hours before is avoided as much as possible;
6) trimming and traction modeling: pruning branches with diseases and pests and weak branches, thinning parallel branches, dense branches and inward branches, and carrying out cultivation modeling on main branches and side branches by dividing the pruning into a growth cultivation period pruning and a outplanting period pruning; 1) the pruning method in the growth and cultivation period comprises the following steps: culturing strong main branches of newly planted bare-rooted seedlings in the first year, straightening 2-3 branches to ensure that the branches grow vertically, trimming other branches according to a trimming principle, and binding according to traction and modeling requirements; in the growing season, all flowering branches need to be cut off, and the lower bud points are promoted to germinate to form new vegetative branches; 2) the pruning method in the outplanting period comprises the following steps: controlling the spindly branches and keeping the flowering branches; after the flowering phase is finished, pruning the flowering branches to promote the lower bud points to germinate to form new flowering branches, and rebinding branches which are not bound in place after the plants fall leaves in winter; before early spring germination, 2-3 bud points at the top end of each branch are cut off, and stronger bud points are reserved;
7) weeding and pest and disease control: weeding for 3-4 times in one year; the pest and disease management conforms to the principle of prevention as a main part and comprehensive prevention and control;
8) and (3) outplanting the nursery stock: marking products meeting the outplanting standard;
9) loading and transporting: during long-distance transportation, watering the plants thoroughly 1 day before outplanting, and properly ventilating and breathing when the plants are hot;
10) greening outside the field: the planting modeling product is conveyed to a greening place, and the whole planting pot at the bottom of the planting frame is placed into a planting hole for planting;
wherein, in step 1): the umbrella-shaped planting frame consists of a planting pot (1), a main support pipe (4), an upper spoke support fixing seat (7), a lower spoke support fixing seat (6), 3-8 umbrella support supports (10) and 1-4 groups of transverse support pipes (9), wherein each group of transverse support pipes (9) consists of 3-8 transverse support pipes (9) which jointly form a split type easily-disassembled structure; the bottom of a main support pipe (4) is in threaded or inserted fixed fit with a planting pot (1), the top of the main support pipe (4) is fixedly provided with an upper spoke support fixing seat (7) and a lower spoke support fixing seat (6) in a threaded or clamped manner, the root of an umbrella support (10) is provided with an upper branch (10 c) and a lower branch (10 f) which are respectively in inserted tight fit with the upper spoke support fixing seat (7), an upper clamping groove (7 a) and a lower clamping groove (6 a) of the lower spoke support fixing seat (6) and are in locking fit through nuts, a transverse support pipe (9) is arranged between adjacent umbrella support supports (10), and a transverse support pipe locking nut (11) is used for locking and matching to form an umbrella face; the planting pot (1) comprises a planting pot main body (1 a), 3-4 support fixing holes (1 c) are formed in the planting pot main body (1 a), a group of detachable side wall plates (1 b) with thin edges are arranged on the side wall of the planting pot main body (1 a), side wall grooves (1 f) are formed in the side wall of the planting pot main body (1 a) at the lower part of each support fixing hole (1 c), support fixing bolts (1 g) and support fixing nuts (1 h) for fixing the lower part of a support are arranged on the support fixing holes (1 c) in a matched mode, support fixing base clamping grooves are arranged at the bottom of the planting pot main body (1 a) to which the support fixing holes (1 c) extend in a matched mode, and support fixing bases (1 m) for fixing the bottom of the support are arranged on the support clamping grooves in a matched mode and are fixed; the support is responsible for (4) and is connected through fixing base (2) and the cooperation of planting basin main part (1 a), set up support in the middle of fixing base (2) and be responsible for through-hole (2 b), support is responsible for (4) and is responsible for through-hole (2 b) cross-under cooperation rethread lock nut (3) with the support and fix, fixing base (2) set up 3-4 fixed branch (2 c), the outer tip cooperation of fixed branch (2 c) sets up connecting pipe (2 a) of pegging graft correspondence from top to bottom with support fixed orifices (1 c), connecting pipe (2 a) are through support fixing bolt (1 g), support fixation nut (1 h) locking is fixed.
2. The method for cultivating and producing vine plant molding products as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the support comprises 3 groups of support transverse pipes (9), namely a first support transverse pipe, a second support transverse pipe and a third support transverse pipe, wherein the support transverse pipes (9) in each group are connected to form an annular structure, and the distances among the first support transverse pipe, the second support transverse pipe and the third support transverse pipe are equal; the spoke support upper fixing seat (7) is provided with an upper stud (7 b) and 3-8 upper clamping grooves (7 a), and the spoke support upper fixing seat (7) is sleeved at the top of the support main pipe (4) and is in locking fit with the upper stud (7 b) through an upper nut (8); the spoke support lower fixing seat (6) is provided with a lower connecting column (6 b) and 3-8 lower clamping grooves (6 a), and the spoke support lower fixing seat (6) is sleeved at the top of the support main pipe (4) and is in locking fit with the lower connecting column (6 b) through a lower lock catch (5); an inclined supporting rod (10 b) is arranged between an upper branch (10 c) and a lower branch (10 f) of an umbrella stand support (10), a support stud (10 a) is arranged on the umbrella stand support (10), stud sleeves (9 a) are respectively arranged at two ends of a horizontal support pipe (9), the horizontal support pipe (9) and the umbrella stand support (10) are sleeved through the support stud (10 a) and the stud sleeve (9 a) and are locked and matched through a horizontal support pipe locking nut (11) to form an umbrella face frame.
3. The method for cultivating and producing vine plant molding products as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a baffle (1 g-1) is arranged on the bracket fixing bolt (1 g), and the baffle (1 g-1) is in blocking fit with the lower surface of the bracket fixing hole (1 c); a bracket through hole II (1 h-1) is correspondingly arranged on the bracket fixing nut (1 h); a bracket jack (1 m-1) is arranged on the bracket fixing base (1 m); the middle of the bottom of the planting pot main body (1 a) is provided with a bracket fixing groove.
4. The method for cultivating and producing vine plant molding products as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: plant basin main part (1 a) bottom and set up water storage recess (1 e), plant basin main part (1 a) bottom and set up a set of hole (1 d) of permeating water.
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| CN111386999A (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2020-07-10 | 南阳师范学院 | Chinese rose flower shelf component and cultivation method |
| CN111657027A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-09-15 | 南阳师范学院 | Method for constructing three-dimensional flower bed of vine plant |
| CN115176638B (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2023-10-13 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Potted oviductus Ranae planting method |
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