CN112535058A - Head-shaped shaping method for grape planting - Google Patents
Head-shaped shaping method for grape planting Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种葡萄种植的头状整形方法，属于葡萄种植技术领域，该方法包括如下步骤：(1)土地整理；(2)开挖定植沟或定植坑；(3)搭建支柱；(4)定植；(5)树形培育；(6)树形保持。本发明为无架生态化栽培，节约建园成本；并且培育出的葡萄主干高，有利于通风透光；修剪简单、快速，便于简约化作业；同时，能有效防止葡萄植株多年生部分的延长，缩短树体营养运输距离，防止植株的衰老；成形快，有利于提早丰产；有利于葡萄园管理的机械化，减少绿枝修剪和葡萄园管理的劳动强度和病虫害的危害；有利于提高葡萄质量和有效控制产量，实现“优质、稳产、长寿、美观”的葡萄可持续生产的目的。
The invention discloses a head-shaped shaping method for grape planting, belonging to the technical field of grape planting. The method comprises the following steps: (1) land consolidation; (2) excavation of a planting ditch or planting pit; (3) building a pillar; ( 4) Colonization; (5) Tree shape cultivation; (6) Tree shape maintenance. The invention is a frameless ecological cultivation, which saves the cost of building a garden; the cultivated grape has a high trunk, which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission; the pruning is simple and fast, which is convenient for simplified operations; Shorten the distance of tree nutrient transportation and prevent the senescence of the plant; it can form quickly, which is conducive to early yield; it is conducive to the mechanization of vineyard management, reducing the labor intensity of green branch pruning and vineyard management and the harm of diseases and insect pests; it is conducive to improving the quality of grapes and the Effectively control the output and achieve the goal of sustainable production of "high quality, stable yield, longevity and beautiful" grapes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grape cultivation, in particular to a head shaping method for grape planting.
Background
Grapes are one of important cultivated fruit trees in China, the number of grape cultivation areas in China, which is counted by international grape and wine Organizations (OIV), reaches 79.9 ten thousand hectares (197 ten thousand square acres) in 2015, is only second to that in Spain (102 ten thousand hectares), surpasses France, and becomes the second world grape cultivation country. Experts point out that grapes grown in china are not only used for fresh eating and drying, but also for wine brewing. In recent years, the planting area of Chinese wine grapes is rapidly increased. In 2014, the planting area of Chinese wine grape accounts for 11% of the territorial area.
The grapes are warm plants, and must be buried in soil for cold protection when the absolute lowest temperature in winter in the north is lower than-15 ℃. According to the division of grape cultivation climate zones, 90% of Chinese grape cultivation needs soil burying and cold protection. In the traditional grape planting, particularly in a non-buried cold-proof area, grapes are planted, a vineyard needs to be arranged on planting land, a grape trellis needs to be built, and high production cost is needed; in addition, after the traditional grape vine grows in height and length, the vines of the grape vine climb along a grape trellis, branches are inconvenient to trim, more labor force is consumed, simplified operation is inconvenient, and the planting mode is not beneficial to ventilation and permeation of grapes; in addition, the grape vines are long, so that the grape vines are inconvenient for nutrition delivery of the main stems and are easy to cause premature senility of grape plants, and therefore a grape planting mode more suitable for an un-buried cold-proof area needs to be provided to overcome the defects of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects and provides the head-shaped shaping method for the ecological grape planting, which saves the garden building cost, is beneficial to mechanization of vineyard management, is also beneficial to ventilation and light transmission, is convenient for simplified operation, prevents plant aging, and can effectively improve the grape quality and effectively control the yield.
The technical scheme for realizing the invention is as follows: a head-shaped shaping method for grape planting comprises the following steps:
(1) land arrangement: selecting land with flat terrain or terrain with slower gradient to build a garden; the row direction of the flat ground is the north-south direction; the gradient is more than 20%, a horizontal terrace is built, and the row direction of the terrace or the terrace is planted along the contour line;
(2) excavating planting furrows or planting pits: the plant spacing is 0.8-1.2m, the row spacing is 2-3m, the planting furrow width is 0.4-0.6m, and the furrow depth is 0.5-0.8 m; the width of the planting pit is 0.5m x 0.5.5 m, and the depth is 0.7 m; when ditching or digging a pit, placing one side of surface soil and the other side of raw soil, filling straws with the thickness of 30cm and farmyard manure with the thickness of 10cm at the bottom of the planting ditch or the planting pit, then backfilling the surface soil, and finally backfilling the raw soil; irrigating water to make the soil sink, and using a measuring rope to position the plant;
(3) building a strut: vertically burying a pillar at the plant position in the step (2) to enable the ground height of the pillar to be 1.5 m; the height of the support is 1.8-2.2 m;
(4) planting: the field planting period is at the end of winter and at the beginning of spring, namely after the soil is frozen and the soil temperature begins to rise again and before the bleeding period of the grapes; firstly, digging a planting hole at a place where a pillar is embedded; the size of the planting hole is a cube with the height of 25 cm; applying organic fertilizer at the bottom of the planting hole, and putting fine soil; cutting the seedlings for field planting to leave two buds, placing one seedling in each hole, aligning according to the support column, erecting the seedlings, keeping the root necks as high as the ground surface, and enabling the root systems to stretch in the holes; filling fine soil, compacting to make the seedlings and soil closely fit, watering, filling the surrounding soil into the holes after water is permeated, and hilling to obtain steamed bun-shaped soil;
(5) tree-shaped cultivation:
(a) in the first year: after germination, selecting and remaining and cultivating a new shoot, vertically binding upwards, pinching when vertically growing to 1.6m, allowing the new shoot to grow upwards, and naturally drooping; removing all the secondary shoots, and cutting the cultivated annual branches for 1.6m when pruning in winter;
(b) in the second year: after sprouting, selecting and reserving new shoots sent by 4 buds at the top of the trunk, allowing the new shoots to grow upwards, naturally drooping, erasing all auxiliary shoots, erasing all other buds on the trunk, and shearing 4 annual branches cultivated during winter pruning to reserve 2 buds so as to form 4 arms;
(6) tree-form maintenance: when the crown is formed, only one annual branch is left on each arm every time, and short-tip pruning is carried out; if the tree vigor is more vigorous, two short bearing mother branches can be left on some arms, but the arms with more branches should be rotated every year to avoid premature senility.
Preferably, the step (1) further comprises the facilities of setting roads, irrigation and drainage and protection forests in the garden building park.
Preferably, the support column can be one or more of a galvanized metal rod, a cement rod, a wood rod or a bamboo rod.
Preferably, the height of the pillars is 2 m.
Preferably, in the step (2), the plant spacing is 1.0m, and the row spacing is 2.5 m; the width of the planting furrows is 0.5m, the depth of the furrows is 0.7m, the width of the planting pits is 0.5m x 0.5.5 m, and the depth of the planting pits is 0.7 m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention is a frameless ecological cultivation, which saves the garden building cost; the trunk is high, which is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission;
(2) the pruning is simple and quick, and the simplified operation is convenient; can effectively prevent the perennial parts (trunk, arm, main vine and the like) of the grape plant from being prolonged, shorten the nutrition transportation distance of the tree body and prevent the plant from aging;
(3) the forming is fast, which is beneficial to the early high yield; the mechanization of vineyard management is facilitated, and the labor intensity of green branch pruning and vineyard management and the damage of plant diseases and insect pests are reduced;
(4) the grapes are consistent in bearing parts and mature and tidy, the quality of the grapes is improved, the yield is effectively controlled, and the purpose of sustainable production of high-quality, stable-yield, long-life and attractive grapes is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a head-shaped grape plant of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the colonization process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a picture of a head-shaped grape plant of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a picture of an old plant of head shaped grapes of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a photograph of a vineyard of the head-shaped grape plant of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A head-shaped shaping method for grape planting comprises the following steps:
(1) land arrangement: selecting land with flat terrain or terrain with slower gradient to build a garden; the row direction of the flat ground is the north-south direction; the gradient is not suitable to be overlarge, if the gradient is overlarge and is larger than 20%, a horizontal terrace is built, and the slope or the terrace is planted along the contour line in the row direction; in order to facilitate mechanized operation, facilities such as roads, irrigation and drainage, protection forests and the like are provided in a garden building area;
(2) excavating planting furrows or planting pits: the plant spacing is 0.8m, the row spacing is 2m, the planting furrow width is 0.4m, and the furrow depth is 0.5 m; the width of the planting pit is 0.5m x 0.5.5 m, and the depth is 0.7 m; when ditching or digging a pit, placing one side of surface soil and the other side of raw soil, filling straws with the thickness of 30cm and farmyard manure with the thickness of 10cm at the bottom of the planting ditch or the planting pit, then backfilling the surface soil, and finally backfilling the raw soil; irrigating water to make the soil sink, and using a measuring rope to position the plant;
(3) building a strut: vertically burying a pillar at the plant position in the step (2) to enable the ground height of the pillar to be 1.5 m; the height of the support is 1.8 m; the support column can be one or more of a galvanized metal rod, a cement rod, a wood rod or a bamboo rod;
(4) planting: the field planting period is at the beginning of winter and spring, namely after the soil is frozen and the soil temperature begins to rise again and before the bleeding period of the grapes, nursery stocks propagated in a greenhouse by using a nutrition pot can be field planted in the whole grape growing season, but the local most arid period is avoided; firstly, digging a planting hole at a place where a pillar is embedded; the size of the planting hole is a cube with the height of 25 cm; applying organic fertilizer at the bottom of the planting hole, and putting fine soil; cutting the seedlings for field planting to leave two buds, placing one seedling in each hole, aligning according to the support column, erecting the seedlings, keeping the root necks as high as the ground surface, and enabling the root systems to stretch in the holes; filling fine soil, compacting to make the seedlings closely fit with the soil, watering, filling the surrounding soil into the holes after permeating water, and earthing up to make the holes steamed bread shaped (as shown in figure 2);
(5) tree-shaped cultivation:
(a) in the first year: after germination, selecting and remaining and cultivating a new shoot, vertically binding upwards, pinching when vertically growing to 1.6m, allowing the new shoot to grow upwards, and naturally drooping; removing all the secondary shoots, and cutting the cultivated annual branches for 1.6m when pruning in winter;
(b) in the second year: after sprouting, selecting and reserving new shoots sent by 4 buds at the top of the trunk, allowing the new shoots to grow upwards, naturally drooping, erasing all auxiliary shoots, erasing all other buds on the trunk, and shearing 4 annual branches cultivated during winter pruning to reserve 2 buds so as to form 4 arms;
(6) tree-form maintenance: after the crown is formed, only one annual branch is left on each arm every time, and short-tip pruning (3 buds are cut off) is carried out; if the tree vigor is more vigorous, two short bearing mother branches can be left on some arms, but the arms with more branches should be rotated every year to avoid premature senility.
Example 2
A head-shaped shaping method for grape planting comprises the following steps:
(1) land arrangement: selecting land with flat terrain or terrain with slower gradient to build a garden; the row direction of the flat ground is the north-south direction; the gradient is more than 20%, a horizontal terrace is built, and the row direction of the terrace or the terrace is planted along the contour line;
(2) excavating planting furrows or planting pits: the plant spacing is 1.0m, the row spacing is 2.5m, the planting furrow width is 0.5m, and the furrow depth is 0.7 m; the width of the planting pit is 0.5m x 0.5.5 m, and the depth is 0.7 m; when ditching or digging a pit, placing one side of surface soil and the other side of raw soil, filling straws with the thickness of 30cm and farmyard manure with the thickness of 10cm at the bottom of the planting ditch or the planting pit, then backfilling the surface soil, and finally backfilling the raw soil; irrigating water to make the soil sink, and using a measuring rope to position the plant;
(3) building a strut: vertically burying a pillar at the plant position in the step (2) to enable the ground height of the pillar to be 1.5 m; the height of the support is 2 m; the support column can be one or more of a galvanized metal rod, a cement rod, a wood rod or a bamboo rod;
(4) planting: the field planting period is at the beginning of winter and spring, namely after the soil is frozen and the soil temperature begins to rise again and before the bleeding period of the grapes, nursery stocks propagated in a greenhouse by using a nutrition pot can be field planted in the whole grape growing season, but the local most arid period is avoided; firstly, digging a planting hole at a place where a pillar is embedded; the size of the planting hole is a cube with the height of 25 cm; applying organic fertilizer at the bottom of the planting hole, and putting fine soil; cutting the seedlings for field planting to leave two buds, placing one seedling in each hole, aligning according to the support column, erecting the seedlings, keeping the root necks as high as the ground surface, and enabling the root systems to stretch in the holes; filling fine soil, compacting to make the seedlings closely fit with the soil, watering, filling the surrounding soil into the holes after permeating water, and earthing up to make the holes steamed bread shaped (as shown in figure 2);
(5) tree-shaped cultivation:
(a) in the first year: after germination, selecting and remaining and cultivating a new shoot, vertically binding upwards, pinching when vertically growing to 1.6m, allowing the new shoot to grow upwards, and naturally drooping; removing all the secondary shoots, and cutting the cultivated annual branches for 1.6m when pruning in winter;
(b) in the second year: after sprouting, selecting and reserving new shoots sent by 4 buds at the top of the trunk, allowing the new shoots to grow upwards, naturally drooping, erasing all auxiliary shoots, erasing all other buds on the trunk, and shearing 4 annual branches cultivated during winter pruning to reserve 2 buds so as to form 4 arms;
(6) tree-form maintenance: when the crown is formed, only one annual branch is left on each arm every time, and short-tip pruning is carried out; if the tree vigor is more vigorous, two short bearing mother branches can be left on some arms, but the arms with more branches should be rotated every year to avoid premature senility.
Example 3
A head-shaped shaping method for grape planting comprises the following steps:
(1) land arrangement: selecting the terrain of the land with flat terrain to build a garden; the row direction of the flat ground is the north-south direction;
(2) excavating planting furrows or planting pits: the plant spacing is 1.2m, the row spacing is 3m, the planting furrow width is 0.6m, and the furrow depth is 0.8 m; the width of the planting pit is 0.5m x 0.5.5 m, and the depth is 0.7 m; when ditching or digging a pit, placing one side of surface soil and the other side of raw soil, filling straws with the thickness of 30cm and farmyard manure with the thickness of 10cm at the bottom of the planting ditch or the planting pit, then backfilling the surface soil, and finally backfilling the raw soil; irrigating water to make the soil sink, and using a measuring rope to position the plant;
(3) building a strut: vertically burying a pillar at the plant position in the step (2) to enable the ground height of the pillar to be 1.5 m; the height of the support is 2.2m, and the support can be one or more of a galvanized metal rod, a cement rod, a wood rod or a bamboo rod;
(4) planting: the field planting period is at the end of winter and at the beginning of spring, namely after the soil is frozen and the soil temperature begins to rise again and before the bleeding period of the grapes; firstly, digging a planting hole at a place where a pillar is embedded; the size of the planting hole is a cube with the height of 25 cm; applying organic fertilizer at the bottom of the planting hole, and putting fine soil; cutting the seedlings for field planting to leave two buds, placing one seedling in each hole, aligning according to the support column, erecting the seedlings, keeping the root necks as high as the ground surface, and enabling the root systems to stretch in the holes; filling fine soil, compacting to make the seedlings and soil closely fit, watering, filling the surrounding soil into the holes after water is permeated, and hilling to obtain steamed bun-shaped soil;
(5) tree-shaped cultivation:
(a) in the first year: after germination, selecting and remaining and cultivating a new shoot, vertically binding upwards, pinching when vertically growing to 1.6m, allowing the new shoot to grow upwards, and naturally drooping; removing all the secondary shoots, and cutting the cultivated annual branches for 1.6m when pruning in winter;
(b) in the second year: after sprouting, selecting and reserving new shoots sent by 4 buds at the top of the trunk, allowing the new shoots to grow upwards, naturally drooping, erasing all auxiliary shoots, erasing all other buds on the trunk, and shearing 4 annual branches cultivated during winter pruning to reserve 2 buds so as to form 4 arms;
(6) tree-form maintenance: when the crown is formed, only one annual branch is left on each arm every time, and short-tip pruning is carried out; if the tree vigor is more vigorous, two short bearing mother branches can be left on some arms, but the arms with more branches should be rotated every year to avoid premature senility.
The head-shaped grape plants cultivated in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention were composed of a main trunk and several short arms, the height of the upright main trunk was 1.5m, the trimmed plants were head-shaped, short fruiting mother branches were located on the short arms, and the young shoots drooped naturally in the growing season as shown in fig. 1, fig. 3 and fig. 4. As can be seen from the figure 4, the grapes are consistent in fruiting part and mature and tidy, and tests show that the grape planting mode is beneficial to improving the grape quality, effectively controlling the yield and achieving the purpose of sustainable production of high-quality, stable-yield, long-life and beautiful grapes
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. A head-shaped shaping method for grape planting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land arrangement: selecting land with flat terrain or terrain with slower gradient to build a garden; the row direction of the flat ground is the north-south direction; the gradient is more than 20%, a horizontal terrace is built, and the row direction of the terrace or the terrace is planted along the contour line;
(2) excavating planting furrows or planting pits: the plant spacing is 0.8-1.2m, the row spacing is 2-3m, the planting furrow width is 0.4-0.6m, and the furrow depth is 0.5-0.8 m; the width of the planting pit is 0.5m x 0.5.5 m, and the depth is 0.7 m; when ditching or digging a pit, placing one side of surface soil and the other side of raw soil, filling straws with the thickness of 30cm and farmyard manure with the thickness of 10cm at the bottom of the planting ditch or the planting pit, then backfilling the surface soil, and finally backfilling the raw soil; irrigating water to make the soil sink, and using a measuring rope to position the plant;
(3) building a strut: vertically burying a pillar at the plant position in the step (2) to enable the ground height of the pillar to be 1.5 m; the height of the support is 1.8-2.2 m;
(4) planting: the field planting period is at the end of winter and at the beginning of spring, namely after the soil is frozen and the soil temperature begins to rise again and before the bleeding period of the grapes; firstly, digging a planting hole at a place where a pillar is embedded; the size of the planting hole is a cube with the height of 25 cm; applying organic fertilizer at the bottom of the planting hole, and putting fine soil; cutting the seedlings for field planting to leave two buds, placing one seedling in each hole, aligning according to the support column, erecting the seedlings, keeping the root necks as high as the ground surface, and enabling the root systems to stretch in the holes; filling fine soil, compacting to make the seedlings and soil closely fit, watering, filling the surrounding soil into the holes after water is permeated, and hilling to obtain steamed bun-shaped soil;
(5) tree-shaped cultivation:
(a) in the first year: after germination, selecting and remaining and cultivating a new shoot, vertically binding upwards, pinching when vertically growing to 1.6m, allowing the new shoot to grow upwards, and naturally drooping; removing all the secondary shoots, and cutting the cultivated annual branches for 1.6m when pruning in winter;
(b) in the second year: after sprouting, selecting and reserving new shoots sent by 4 buds at the top of the trunk, allowing the new shoots to grow upwards, naturally drooping, erasing all auxiliary shoots, erasing all other buds on the trunk, and shearing 4 annual branches cultivated during winter pruning to reserve 2 buds so as to form 4 arms;
(6) tree-form maintenance: when the crown is formed, only one annual branch is left on each arm every time, and short-tip pruning is carried out; if the tree vigor is more vigorous, two short bearing mother branches can be left on some arms, but the arms with more branches should be rotated every year to avoid premature senility.
2. The head-shaped shaping method for grape planting according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) further comprises the steps of arranging roads, irrigation and drainage and shelters in a garden park.
3. The grape planting head shaping method according to claim 1, wherein the support column is one or more of a galvanized metal rod, a cement rod, a wood rod or a bamboo rod.
4. The grape planting head shaping method according to claim 1, wherein the height of the support is 2 m.
5. The head-shaped shaping method for grape planting according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the plant spacing is 1.0m, and the row spacing is 2.5 m; the width of the planting furrows is 0.5m, the depth of the furrows is 0.7m, the width of the planting pits is 0.5m x 0.5.5 m, and the depth of the planting pits is 0.7 m.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113796258A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-17 | 君顶酒庄有限公司 | Simplified cultivation method for wine vineyard |
| CN115836629A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-03-24 | 山东省葡萄研究院 | Cultivation method of wine grapes suitable for high light and high temperature |
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