CN111066563A - Multi-span greenhouse strawberry and grape stereoscopic planting method - Google Patents

Multi-span greenhouse strawberry and grape stereoscopic planting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111066563A
CN111066563A CN201911375107.3A CN201911375107A CN111066563A CN 111066563 A CN111066563 A CN 111066563A CN 201911375107 A CN201911375107 A CN 201911375107A CN 111066563 A CN111066563 A CN 111066563A
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China
Prior art keywords
planting
strawberry
grape
grapes
strawberries
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CN201911375107.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李玉娟
王莹
谈峰
马祥建
郭聪
陈燕
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Jiangsu Yanjiang Agricultural Science Research Institute
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Jiangsu Yanjiang Agricultural Science Research Institute
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Priority to CN201911375107.3A priority Critical patent/CN111066563A/en
Publication of CN111066563A publication Critical patent/CN111066563A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/02Cultivation of hops or vines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-span greenhouse strawberry and grape three-dimensional planting method, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: planting grapes: the row spacing of the grapes is set to be 2-2.5 m, and the plant spacing is 1.8-2 m; culturing in a single-rod umbrella-shaped manner, wherein the main vines of the grapes are 1.8-2 m higher, one main vine of the grape is selected for planting in the current year and is vertically led, and the fixed rod is 1.8-2 m higher; planting strawberries: use grape main tendril as the center, build the strawberry cultivation skeleton of high 60-80CM to set up angle iron and square pipe, or wood, bamboo and put up, the fixed PVC strawberry in skeleton both sides plants the groove, has set up guide plate and filtration membrane, and the length of planting the groove can be set for according to the shed room span, places the planting matrix in planting the groove, and the ratio of planting the matrix is the peat: perlite: vermiculite: mushroom residue is 2: 1: 1: 1. the strawberry is planted in the dormancy stage of the grapes through three-dimensional cultivation, so that the land is saved, the continuous cropping obstacles of the strawberry soil can be effectively reduced, the diseases are reduced, and the planting benefit per unit area is improved.

Description

Multi-span greenhouse strawberry and grape stereoscopic planting method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of strawberry and grape planting, in particular to a stereoscopic planting method for strawberries and grapes in a multi-span greenhouse.
Background
The grapes and the strawberries are two kinds of fruits which are popular with people, and the common points of the fruits are delicate appearance, bright color, delicious taste and rich nutrition. Strawberries are photophobic plants, but have strong shade tolerance. When the light intensity is strong, the plant is short, the fruit is small, the color is deep and the quality is good. Medium illumination, large fruit, light color, low sugar content and long harvesting period; the strawberry growth is not favorable due to the weak illumination; the strawberries are preferably grown in fertile, loose neutral or slightly acidic loam, too heavy soil is not suitable for cultivation, and the sandy soil is frequently fertilized with animal manure and watered frequently, and the strawberries can also be planted. The grape is woody vine of Vitis of Vitaceae, has cylindrical small branch, longitudinal rib, no hair or sparse soft hair, oval leaf, dense or sparse conical inflorescence, developed base branch, spherical or elliptical fruit, flowering phase of 4-5 months, and fruit phase of 8-9 months.
The planting method in the prior art cannot realize an efficient planting method in a limited space of a greenhouse, and how to realize the efficient planting efficiency of grapes and strawberries is a main research point of the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a multi-span greenhouse strawberry and grape three-dimensional planting method.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a multi-span greenhouse strawberry and grape three-dimensional planting method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: planting grapes:
(1) the row spacing of the grapes is set to be 2-2.5 m, and the plant spacing is 1.8-2 m;
(2) culturing in a single-rod umbrella-shaped manner, wherein the main vines of the grapes are 1.8-2 m higher, one main vine of the grape is selected for planting in the current year and is vertically led, and the fixed rod is 1.8-2 m higher;
(3) the cross net frames with the spacing of 40-50CM are overlapped at the position with the top height of 1.8-2 m;
(4) respectively reserving one auxiliary main vine on the upper part of each main vine along the east-west direction, reserving 3-5 branch vines in the north-south direction of each auxiliary main vine, and erasing the rest branches;
step two: planting strawberries:
(1) building a strawberry cultivation framework with the height of 60-80CM by taking a main vine of a grape as a center, building triangular iron and square tubes, or wood and bamboo, fixing PVC strawberry planting grooves at two sides of the framework, arranging a guide plate and a filtering membrane below the framework, setting the length of the planting grooves according to the span of a greenhouse, and placing planting matrixes in the planting grooves;
(2) selecting single-row planting of strawberries, selecting disease-free seedlings which are strong in growth and developed in root systems for planting, and planting the seedlings in the middle position or slightly outside the middle position of a planting groove according to a strawberry planting principle that the arch backs face outwards, the depth is not buried, and the shallow is not exposed to roots, wherein the planting distance is 15-20 cm;
(3) planting the strawberries at the bottom of 8 months or at the beginning of 9 months, pouring planting water after planting, and arranging a drip irrigation system on a strawberry planting groove to control fertilizer and water;
(4) and arranging a 40-watt fluorescent lamp every 3-4 meters along the direction of the auxiliary vine of the grape, wherein the height of the fluorescent lamp is 1.5 meters, and supplementing light to the strawberries when the leaves of the grape grow luxuriantly in spring.
Preferably, the branch vines of the grapes are uniformly bound on the # -shaped net rack to form an umbrella-shaped tree shape.
Preferably, the size of the PVC strawberry planting groove is less than 30cm in width and more than 20cm in depth.
Preferably, the planting substrate is peat: perlite: vermiculite: mushroom residue is 2: 1: 1: 1.
preferably, the light supplement condition of the strawberries is 2-3 hours in sunny days and 6-8 hours in cloudy days.
Preferably, the light supplement condition of the strawberries is 2.5 hours in sunny days and 7 hours in cloudy days.
Has the advantages that: the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the strawberry is planted in the dormancy stage of the grapes through three-dimensional cultivation, so that the land is saved, the continuous cropping obstacles of the strawberry soil can be effectively reduced, the diseases are reduced, and the planting benefit per unit area is improved.
(2) At the early stage of strawberry planting, the grapes are not fallen leaves, a natural sunshade net is formed, and the influence of high temperature in summer on the strawberry transplanting survival rate is effectively avoided.
(3) The strawberry is cultivated in an overhead manner, the operation of the whole production management of grapes and strawberries is not affected, the strawberries are produced without squatting, the labor cost and the labor intensity are effectively reduced, meanwhile, the drip irrigation system is labor-saving and labor-saving, and the whole management process is convenient to operate.
(4) The stereoscopic planting effectively changes the contradiction that the prior stereoscopic planting needs a large amount of fertilizer and water in the dormant period of grapes and the growth period of strawberries, and does not interfere with each other.
(5) The mushroom residues added into the substrate are easy to obtain raw materials, effectively utilize agricultural wastes, reduce the pollution to the environment and effectively save non-renewable resources. The inorganic matrix and the organic matrix are matched with each other in different proportions, so that the yield and the quality of the strawberry cultivated by adopting the matrix are effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a multi-span greenhouse strawberry and grape three-dimensional planting of the invention;
fig. 2 is a perspective view of the multi-span greenhouse strawberry and grape three-dimensional planting of the invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
the method for three-dimensionally planting the strawberries and the grapes in the multi-span greenhouse comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: planting grapes:
(1) the row spacing of the grapes is set to be 2 meters, and the planting spacing is 1.8 meters;
(2) culturing in a single-rod umbrella-shaped manner, wherein the main vines of the grapes are 1.8 m high, one main vine of the grapes is selected for field planting in the current year and is vertically led, and the fixed rod is 1.8 m high;
(3) the crossline net frames with the spacing of 40-50CM are overlapped at the position with the top height of 1.8 m;
(4) respectively reserving an auxiliary main vine on the upper part of each main vine along the east-west direction, reserving 3 branch vines in the north-south direction of each auxiliary main vine, and erasing the rest branches;
step two: planting strawberries:
(1) building a strawberry cultivation framework with the height of 60CM by taking a main vine of a grape as a center, building triangular iron and square tubes or wood and bamboo, fixing PVC strawberry planting grooves at two sides of the framework, arranging a guide plate and a filtering membrane below the framework, setting the length of the planting grooves according to the span of a greenhouse, and placing planting matrixes in the planting grooves;
(2) strawberry is selected for single-line field planting, disease-free seedlings which are strong in growth and developed in root systems are selected for planting, seedlings are planted in the middle position or slightly outside the middle position of a planting groove according to the strawberry field planting principle that the arch backs face outwards, the depth is not buried, and the shallow is not exposed to roots, and the planting distance is 15 cm;
(3) planting the strawberries at the bottom of 8 months or at the beginning of 9 months, pouring planting water after planting, and arranging a drip irrigation system on a strawberry planting groove to control fertilizer and water;
(4) and arranging a 40-watt fluorescent lamp every 3 meters along the direction of the auxiliary vine of the grape, wherein the height of the fluorescent lamp is 1.5 meters, and supplementing light to the strawberries when the leaves of the grape grow luxuriantly in spring.
The vines of the grapes are uniformly bound on the # -shaped net rack to form an umbrella-shaped tree shape.
The size of the PVC strawberry planting groove in the embodiment is less than 30cm in width and more than 20cm in depth.
The planting medium of this embodiment is peat: perlite: vermiculite: mushroom residue is 2: 1: 1: 1.
the light supplement condition of the strawberries in the embodiment is 2 hours in a sunny day and 6 hours in a cloudy day.
Example 2:
the method for three-dimensionally planting the strawberries and the grapes in the multi-span greenhouse comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: planting grapes:
(1) the row spacing of the grapes is set to be 2.5 meters, and the planting spacing is 2 meters;
(2) culturing in a single-rod umbrella-shaped manner, wherein the main vines of the grapes are 1.8-2 m high, one main vine is selected for planting in the current year and is vertically led, and the fixed rod is 2 m high;
(3) a cross net rack with the spacing of 50CM is lapped at the position 2 m higher than the top;
(4) the upper parts of the main vines are respectively provided with an auxiliary main vine along the east-west direction, each auxiliary main vine is provided with 5 branch vines towards the north-south direction, and the rest branches are all erased;
step two: planting strawberries:
(1) building a strawberry cultivation framework with the height of 80CM by taking a main vine of a grape as a center, building triangular iron and square tubes or wood and bamboo, fixing PVC strawberry planting grooves at two sides of the framework, arranging a guide plate and a filtering membrane below the framework, setting the length of the planting grooves according to the span of a greenhouse, and placing planting matrixes in the planting grooves;
(2) strawberry is selected for single-line field planting, disease-free seedlings which are strong in growth and developed in root systems are selected for planting, seedlings are planted in the middle position or slightly outside the middle position of a planting groove according to the strawberry field planting principle that the arch backs face outwards, the depth is not buried, and the shallow is not exposed to roots, and the planting distance is 20 cm;
(3) planting the strawberries at the bottom of 8 months or at the beginning of 9 months, pouring planting water after planting, and arranging a drip irrigation system on a strawberry planting groove to control fertilizer and water;
(4) and arranging a 40-watt fluorescent lamp every 4 meters along the direction of the auxiliary vine of the grape, wherein the height of the fluorescent lamp is 1.5 meters, and supplementing light to the strawberries when the leaves of the grape grow luxuriantly in spring.
The vines of the grapes are uniformly bound on the # -shaped net rack to form an umbrella-shaped tree shape.
The size of the PVC strawberry planting groove in the embodiment is less than 30cm in width and more than 20cm in depth.
The planting medium of this embodiment is peat: perlite: vermiculite: mushroom residue is 2: 1: 1: 1.
the light supplement condition of the strawberries in the embodiment is 3 hours in a sunny day and 8 hours in a cloudy day.
Example 3:
the method for three-dimensionally planting the strawberries and the grapes in the multi-span greenhouse comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: planting grapes:
(1) the row spacing of the grapes is set to be 2.25 meters, and the planting spacing is 1.9 meters;
(2) culturing in a single-rod umbrella-shaped manner, wherein the main vines of the grapes are 1.9 m high, one main vine of the grapes is selected for field planting in the current year and is vertically led, and the fixed rod is 1.9 m high;
(3) lapping a 45CM cross net rack at the position with the top height of 1.9 m;
(4) respectively reserving an auxiliary main vine on the upper part of each main vine along the east-west direction, reserving 4 branch vines in the north-south direction of each auxiliary main vine, and erasing the rest branches;
step two: planting strawberries:
(1) building a strawberry cultivation framework with the height of 70CM (CM) by taking a main vine of a grape as a center, building triangular iron and square tubes, or wood and bamboo, fixing PVC strawberry planting grooves at two sides of the framework, arranging a guide plate and a filtering membrane below the framework, setting the length of the planting grooves according to the span of a greenhouse, and placing planting matrixes in the planting grooves;
(2) strawberry is selected for single-line field planting, disease-free seedlings which are strong in growth and developed in root systems are selected for planting, seedlings are planted in the middle position or slightly outside the middle position of a planting groove according to the strawberry field planting principle that the arch backs face outwards, the depth is not buried, and the shallow is not exposed to roots, and the planting distance is 17.5 cm;
(3) planting the strawberries at the bottom of 8 months or at the beginning of 9 months, pouring planting water after planting, and arranging a drip irrigation system on a strawberry planting groove to control fertilizer and water;
(4) and arranging a 40-watt fluorescent lamp every 3.5 meters along the direction of the auxiliary vine of the grape, wherein the height of the fluorescent lamp is 1.5 meters, and supplementing light to the strawberries when the leaves of the grape grow luxuriantly in spring.
The vines of the grapes are uniformly bound on the # -shaped net rack to form an umbrella-shaped tree shape.
The size of the PVC strawberry planting groove in the embodiment is less than 30cm in width and more than 20cm in depth.
The planting medium of this embodiment is peat: perlite: vermiculite: mushroom residue is 2: 1: 1: 1.
the light supplement condition of the strawberries in the embodiment is 2.5 hours in sunny days and 7 hours in cloudy days.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. A multi-span greenhouse strawberry and grape three-dimensional planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: planting grapes:
(1) the row spacing of the grapes is set to be 2-2.5 m, and the plant spacing is 1.8-2 m;
(2) culturing in a single-rod umbrella-shaped manner, wherein the main vines of the grapes are 1.8-2 m higher, one main vine of the grape is selected for planting in the current year and is vertically led, and the fixed rod is 1.8-2 m higher;
(3) the cross net frames with the spacing of 40-50CM are overlapped at the position with the top height of 1.8-2 m;
(4) respectively reserving one auxiliary main vine on the upper part of each main vine along the east-west direction, reserving 3-5 branch vines in the north-south direction of each auxiliary main vine, and erasing the rest branches;
step two: planting strawberries:
(1) building a strawberry cultivation framework with the height of 60-80CM by taking a main vine of a grape as a center, building triangular iron and square tubes, or wood and bamboo, fixing PVC strawberry planting grooves at two sides of the framework, arranging a guide plate and a filtering membrane below the framework, setting the length of the planting grooves according to the span of a greenhouse, and placing planting matrixes in the planting grooves;
(2) selecting single-row planting of strawberries, selecting disease-free seedlings which are strong in growth and developed in root systems for planting, and planting the seedlings in the middle position or slightly outside the middle position of a planting groove according to a strawberry planting principle that the arch backs face outwards, the depth is not buried, and the shallow is not exposed to roots, wherein the planting distance is 15-20 cm;
(3) planting the strawberries at the bottom of 8 months or at the beginning of 9 months, pouring planting water after planting, and arranging a drip irrigation system on a strawberry planting groove to control fertilizer and water;
(4) and arranging a 40-watt fluorescent lamp every 3-4 meters along the direction of the auxiliary vine of the grape, wherein the height of the fluorescent lamp is 1.5 meters, and supplementing light to the strawberries when the leaves of the grape grow luxuriantly in spring.
2. The multi-span greenhouse strawberry and grape three-dimensional planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vines of the grapes are uniformly bound on the # -shaped net rack to form an umbrella-shaped tree.
3. The multi-span greenhouse strawberry and grape three-dimensional planting method according to claim 1, wherein the size of the PVC strawberry planting groove is less than 30cm wide and more than 20cm deep.
4. The multi-span greenhouse strawberry and grape three-dimensional planting method according to claim 1, wherein the planting medium is peat: perlite: vermiculite: mushroom residue is 2: 1: 1: 1.
5. the multi-span greenhouse strawberry and grape three-dimensional planting method according to claim 1, wherein the light supplement conditions for the strawberries are 2-3 hours in sunny days and 6-8 hours in cloudy days.
6. The multi-span greenhouse strawberry and grape three-dimensional planting method according to claim 5, wherein the light supplement conditions for the strawberries are 2.5 hours in sunny days and 7 hours in cloudy days.
CN201911375107.3A 2019-12-27 2019-12-27 Multi-span greenhouse strawberry and grape stereoscopic planting method Pending CN111066563A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112385467A (en) * 2020-11-16 2021-02-23 长宁县十八子家庭农场 Grape and strawberry interplanting method
CN114651663A (en) * 2022-04-15 2022-06-24 湖南农业大学 Multi-span greenhouse grape and edible mushroom three-dimensional planting method and system
CN114651662A (en) * 2022-03-22 2022-06-24 湖南农业大学 Greenhouse strawberry and grape stereoscopic planting method

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CN105009863A (en) * 2015-06-26 2015-11-04 田东县八闽农业综合开发有限公司 Stereo collocating plantation method for grapes and strawberries
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112385467A (en) * 2020-11-16 2021-02-23 长宁县十八子家庭农场 Grape and strawberry interplanting method
CN114651662A (en) * 2022-03-22 2022-06-24 湖南农业大学 Greenhouse strawberry and grape stereoscopic planting method
CN114651663A (en) * 2022-04-15 2022-06-24 湖南农业大学 Multi-span greenhouse grape and edible mushroom three-dimensional planting method and system

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