CN105706834A - Artificial cultivation method for kiwifruits - Google Patents
Artificial cultivation method for kiwifruits Download PDFInfo
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- CN105706834A CN105706834A CN201610130774.5A CN201610130774A CN105706834A CN 105706834 A CN105706834 A CN 105706834A CN 201610130774 A CN201610130774 A CN 201610130774A CN 105706834 A CN105706834 A CN 105706834A
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- sunshade net
- illumination
- net structure
- booth
- actinidiae chinensis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an artificial cultivation method for kiwifruits. The artificial cultivation method comprises the following steps: establishing a multi-span greenhouse comprising greenhouse support pillars (1), arched support rods (2), a plastic film, sunshade net structures, a steel wire mesh (3) and an illumination structure; planting kiwifruit seedlings from early of middle of December to early of middle of February of next year; shaping and pruning; from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m., performing illumination control according to the sunshade net structures and the illumination structure of the greenhouse: when average illumination intensity in the greenhouse is higher than 160,000 lux and lower than 220,000 lux, opening an upper layer of sunshade net structure; when the average illumination intensity in the greenhouse is higher than 220,000 lux, opening two layers of sunshade net structures simultaneously; when the average illumination intensity in the greenhouse is lower than 80,000 lux, opening the illumination structure. According to the artificial cultivation method provided by the invention, comprehensive regulation is performed on illumination intensity for the kiwifruits, so that an illumination environment of the kiwifruits is kept most suitable; the influence of outside illumination on the kiwifruits is reduced to be minimum, and therefore the yield of the kiwifruits is greatly increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit and vegerable technical field of cultivation, be specifically related to the artificial cultivation method of a kind of Fructus actinidiae chinensis.
Background technology
Fructus actinidiae chinensis is the bejuco of Actinidiaceae (Actinidiaceae), Actinidia (Actinidia), originates in China, and in China, the South and the North has distribution.Fructus actinidiae chinensis happiness diffused light, it is desirable to year sunshine time be 1300-2600 hour, the area of natural lighting degree 40～45% is better.Wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis plant base portion is all grown at Schattenseite or half Schattenseite and riverside, and some windings are attached on big tree, have the extremely strong ability utilizing astigmatism, but can not be too hidden, if intensity of illumination is too weak, Fructus actinidiae chinensis branch will be withered.Along with Fructus actinidiae chinensis industry is flourish, scale constantly expands, it is outdoor that the growing environment of Fructus actinidiae chinensis changes to level land from mountain region transition from open-pit, and the method for artificial outdoor cultivation problem appear to is that intensity of illumination is too big, humidity is uncontrollable, causes the harm such as leaf margin shrivelled, foliage injury, really surface damage.South China wet weather in the first half of the year wets more, and rainy day illumination deficiency affects Kiwi growth result；The second half year many fine days high temperature, intense light irradiation effectively causes the injury of Fructus actinidiae chinensis blade, especially earsh injury extremely serious.How to build the microenvironment of suitable Kiwi growth, effectively adjust suitable intensity of illumination, be one of the key factor of south Kiwifruit Culture.
The just important envirment factor in plant growth and development process, also it is one of the main energy sources of plant growing, it is different that the photosynthesis of plant is affected by the light of different-waveband, different green plantss are essentially identical to the absorption spectrum of light, are concentrated mainly on the royal purple district of 400～460nm and the reddish orange district of 600～700nm in visual field.Intensity of illumination is very big on biological photosynthesis impact.At present, both at home and abroad the study on regulation of Fructus actinidiae chinensis intensity of illumination is had no report.In artificial culture, Fructus actinidiae chinensis great majority are outdoor cultivation, and minority adopts hedge frame to prevent high light direct projection in summer, but after hedge frame forms shelfful, below one layer two layers due to illumination not enough, affect bearing capacity, and affect overall yield.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to overcome south China wet weather in the first half of the year to wet more, the impact of rainy day illumination deficiency Kiwi growth result；The second half year fine day high temperature, intense light irradiation sternly injury to Fructus actinidiae chinensis blade, especially the injury to earsh, the artificial cultivation method of a kind of Fructus actinidiae chinensis is provided, the comprehensive light regulating and controlling illumination of the method, utilize intelligent greenhouse facility and system of shading, Fructus actinidiae chinensis rational close planting and the reasonably pruning of science, set up the management system of Kiwifruit Culture light regulating and controlling illumination, the effective way of a kind of high-quality of getting bumper crops is provided for level land Kiwifruit Culture.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
The artificial cultivation method of a kind of Fructus actinidiae chinensis, comprises the following steps:
S1: booth is set: adopt beam-connected greenhouse, be conducive to ventilation and penetrating light, booth includes the support column being perpendicularly fixed at ground, the arch support bar of support column is fixed at two ends, it is fixed on the plastic sheeting on arch support bar, sunshade net structure, steel wire, illumination structure, described sunshade net structure includes upper strata sunshade net structure and lower floor's sunshade net structure, its at the middle and upper levels sunshade net structure be arranged at above plastic sheeting, lower floor's sunshade net structure is arranged at below plastic sheeting, described steel wire is in the lower section being horizontally placed on lower floor's sunshade net structure, described illumination structure is arranged between lower floor's sunshade net structure and steel wire；
S2: Fructus actinidiae chinensis field planting: in December early and middle ten days to early and middle ten days field planting in February in next year Fructus actinidiae chinensis Seedling；
S3: pruning: when Fructus actinidiae chinensis Seedling young sprout is evacuated to 0.4 meter, vertical bamboo stem, carry out pinching during 0.45 meter away from frame be of trunk；Carrying out every strain intermediate cutting before winter pruning after 4th year, spacing in the rows becomes 3 meters, keeps spacing in the rows 3 meters constant later；
S4: at 15 o'clock, carry out illumination control according to the sunshade net structure of booth and illumination structure in 9 o'clock to afternoon in the morning, specific as follows:
1., when the average intensity of illumination in booth is higher than 160,000 luxs and lower than 220,000 lux time, upper strata sunshade net structure is opened；
2., when the average intensity of illumination in booth is higher than 220,000 lux time, open upper strata sunshade net structure and lower floor's sunshade net structure simultaneously；
3., when the average intensity of illumination in booth is lower than 80,000 lux time, open illumination structure, make the average intensity of illumination in booth between 8-16 ten thousand lux.
In described S1, sunshade net structure is made up of the sunshade net unit of multiple parallel arranged, described sunshade unit includes rectangle sunshade net, fixing bar, mobile bar, fixing bar is fixed in the side of described rectangle sunshade net, opposite side is fixed on mobile bar, the two ends of described fixing bar are fixed by being perpendicularly fixed at the horizon bar of support bar, and the two ends of described mobile bar are slidably coupled to the chute of setting on horizon bar and are driven by motor.
In described S1, illumination structure is made up of several LED, and several LED described are arranged in arrays in same level.
In described S1, the height of steel wire is 1.7-1.8m, and the height of described illumination structure is 2.4-2.6m, and the height of described lower floor sunshade net structure is 2.7-2.9m, and the height of described upper strata sunshade net structure is 4.8-5.0m.
In described S2, the seeding row spacing of Fructus actinidiae chinensis field planting is 1.5 meters × 4 meters, and male and female plant configures according to 9:1.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following remarkable advantage and beneficial effect: (1) rationally plants, and every strain intermediate cutting, increases the area of effective coverage on frame face, prevent from strain and strain from mutually covering to block, be suitable for improving the condition of kiwi fruit plant illumination in the booth of south；(2) for Kiwi growth habit, utilize manual light control's technology, utilize system of shading, it is prevented that intensity of illumination excessively strong (particularly high light in summer), cause that kiwi fruit plant fallen leaves are withered and wait harm；Utilize light-supplementing system, it is prevented that intensity of illumination excessively weak (particularly cloudy continuously), affect kiwi fruit plant growth.The present invention be Fructus actinidiae chinensis from three aspect comprehensive regulation intensities of illumination, making the photoenvironment of Fructus actinidiae chinensis maintain most suitable environment, being minimized by extraneous illumination effect, thus being greatly increased the yield of Fructus actinidiae chinensis.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Shown in Fig. 1 is the front view of Kiwifruit Culture of the present invention use booth；
Shown in Fig. 2 is the side view of Kiwifruit Culture of the present invention use booth；
Shown in Fig. 3 is the top view of Kiwifruit Culture of the present invention use booth.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described in detail.It it is noted that detailed description below is all exemplary, it is intended to provide further instruction to the present invention.Except as otherwise noted, all Science and Technology terms that the present invention uses have the identical meanings being generally understood that with the technical field of the invention personnel.
1. greenhouse facility
Adopt beam-connected greenhouse, be conducive to ventilation and penetrating light.
Booth includes the support column 1 being perpendicularly fixed at ground, the arch support bar 2 of support column 1 is fixed at two ends, it is fixed on the plastic sheeting on arch support bar 2 (adopting polyethylene dripless anti-aging thin film), sunshade net structure, steel wire 3, illumination structure, described sunshade net structure includes upper strata sunshade net structure and lower floor's sunshade net structure, its at the middle and upper levels sunshade net structure be arranged at above plastic sheeting, lower floor's sunshade net structure is arranged at below plastic sheeting, described steel wire 3 is in the lower section being horizontally placed on lower floor's sunshade net structure, described illumination structure is arranged between lower floor's sunshade net structure and steel wire 3.The obscurity of one layer of sunshade net structure about about 30%, the obscurity of two layers of sunshade net structure about about 50%.
Described sunshade net structure is made up of the sunshade net unit of multiple parallel arranged, described sunshade unit includes rectangle sunshade net 5, fixing bar 6, mobile bar 7, fixing bar 6 is fixed in the side of described rectangle sunshade net 5, opposite side is fixed on mobile bar 7, the two ends of described fixing bar 6 are fixed by being perpendicularly fixed at the horizon bar 4 of support bar, and the two ends of described mobile bar 7 are slidably coupled to the chute 9 of setting on horizon bar 4 and are driven by motor.
Described illumination structure is made up of several LED 8, and several LED 8 described are arranged in arrays in same level.The HONGGUANG of LED 8 and the ratio of blue light are 9:1.
The height of described steel wire 3 is 1.7-1.8m, and the height of described illumination structure is 2.4-2.6m, and the height of described lower floor sunshade net structure is 2.7-2.9m, and the height of described upper strata sunshade net structure is 4.8-5.0m.
2. Fructus actinidiae chinensis field planting
Carry out wholely before Fructus actinidiae chinensis field planting, furrow face width 3.75 meters, furrow width 0.5 meter, deep 0.5 meter, with lowering of watertable.Adopt flat pergola system；In December early and middle ten days to early and middle ten days field planting in February in next year Fructus actinidiae chinensis Seedling, field planting seeding row spacing is 1.5 meters × 4 meters, to be conducive to early forming tree crown, forms certain leaf area, reaches certain mutual Shade effect, in case summer, high light was burnt, male and female plant configures according to 9:1.
3. Fructus actinidiae chinensis pruning
Earsh light pruning length is put, and between tree body, mutually shades between branch and leaf, in case day burns；Sieve beta pruning bar after growing up, not only keeps certain branch and leaf but also keep tree body ventilation and penetrating light.
(1) First Year is in order to promote Fructus actinidiae chinensis young sprout to grow, the single climing cultivation of plant, when Fructus actinidiae chinensis Seedling young sprout is evacuated to 0.4 meter, and vertical bamboo stem, progressively upwards tie up along bar and draw, be trained trunk, during 0.45 meter away from frame be of trunk, carry out pinching, cultivate 2 masters climing；Not pinching behind 2 climing upper canopy faces of master, when main climing length is to 40-50cm, is perpendicular to row climing to carrying out tying up, and the sublateral shoot formed then retains as far as possible, as long to 40-50cm time and be perpendicular to main climing carry out tying up climing.All young sprouts are uniformly distributed on frame face, allow overlapped to be conducive to mutually shading between branch and leaf.
(2) the climing sprouting growth of Second Year Fructus actinidiae chinensis master, every 25 centimetres of fruitful branches of selecting and remain, draws climing colligation to canopy face by fruitful branch, and nearly main climing base portion stays 2-3 bearing basal shoot.Winter pruning is about December, and the master between strain and strain is climing at infall cutting back, and fruitful branch stays 3-4 bud cutting back.All branches are uniformly distributed on frame face.
The tip is taken out in Fructus actinidiae chinensis bearing basal shoot growth in (3) the 3rd years, every 20-25 centimetre of fruitful branch of selecting and remain, uniformly draws climing colligation to canopy face, and between blade, suitable overlap is shaded.Fruit maturation pluck after, winter pruning equally about December, the same Second Year of pruning method, gradually form the bearing basal shoot of orderly fixed position.
After (4) the 4th years, branches and tendrils juxtaposition starts seriously, and impact is yielded positive results.Carrying out before winter pruning every strain intermediate cutting, spacing in the rows becomes 3 meters, keeps spacing in the rows 3 meters constant later.
4. booth illumination automatically controls system
For summer high light and rainy season the low light level adverse effect to Kiwi growth, utilize the illumination condition that the sunshade net structure of booth and illumination structure are automatically adjusted in booth.
(1) one optical sensor of every 100 square metres of placements in booth.
(2) artificially feed system.LED (8) arranges 3 levels, first level starts electricity-saving lamp, increase intensity of illumination 2～30,000 lux in booth, the electricity-saving lamp that second level starts can increase intensity of illumination 3～40,000 lux in booth, and the electricity-saving lamp that third level starts can increase intensity of illumination 4～50,000 lux in booth.
(3) when the average intensity of illumination in booth is higher than 160,000 luxs and lower than 220,000 lux time, upper strata sunshade net structure is opened；When the average intensity of illumination in booth is higher than 220,000 lux time, open upper strata sunshade net structure and lower floor's sunshade net structure simultaneously.
(4) trophophase was if there is more than the 5 days overcast and rainy artificially feed that need of continuous print, started artificial lighting system.Switch arranges 3 levels, and when the intensity of illumination in booth is 5～60,000 lux time, the electricity-saving lamp opening the first level increases intensity of illumination 2～30,000 lux in booth, makes intensity of illumination in booth maintain 8～90,000 luxs；When the intensity of illumination in booth is when 4～50,000 luxs, the electricity-saving lamp that the second level is opened, increase intensity of illumination 3～40,000 lux in booth, the number increasing electricity-saving lamp makes intensity of illumination in booth maintain 8～90,000 luxs；When the intensity of illumination in booth is lower than 40,000 lux time, start the electricity-saving lamp of third level, increase intensity of illumination 4～50,000 lux in booth, start more multi-energy-saving lamp and make intensity of illumination in booth maintain 8～90,000 luxs.Light filling time every day is 3 o'clock in 9 o'clock to afternoon in the morning.
" Red Male " kind actinidia tree of comprehensive regulation of the present invention compares with compareing tree.
The above, be only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be pointed out that; for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the core technology of the present invention, it is also possible to make improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should belong to the scope of patent protection of the present invention.Any change in the implication suitable with claims of the present invention and scope, is all considered as being included in the scope of claims.
Claims (5)
1. the artificial cultivation method of a Fructus actinidiae chinensis, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S1: booth is set: adopt beam-connected greenhouse, booth includes the support column (1) being perpendicularly fixed at ground, the arch support bar (2) of support column (1) is fixed at two ends, it is fixed on the plastic sheeting on arch support bar (2), sunshade net structure, steel wire (3), illumination structure, described sunshade net structure includes upper strata sunshade net structure and lower floor's sunshade net structure, its at the middle and upper levels sunshade net structure be arranged at above plastic sheeting, lower floor's sunshade net structure is arranged at below plastic sheeting, described steel wire (3) is in the lower section being horizontally placed on lower floor's sunshade net structure, described illumination structure is arranged between lower floor's sunshade net structure and steel wire (3)；
S2: Fructus actinidiae chinensis field planting: in December early and middle ten days to early and middle ten days field planting in February in next year Fructus actinidiae chinensis Seedling；
S3: pruning: when Fructus actinidiae chinensis Seedling young sprout is evacuated to 0.4 meter, vertical bamboo stem, carry out pinching during 0.45 meter away from frame be of trunk；Carrying out every strain intermediate cutting before winter pruning after 4th year, spacing in the rows becomes 3 meters, keeps spacing in the rows 3 meters constant later；
S4: at 15 o'clock, carry out illumination control according to the sunshade net structure of booth and illumination structure in 9 o'clock to afternoon in the morning, specific as follows:
1., when the average intensity of illumination in booth is higher than 160,000 luxs and lower than 220,000 lux time, upper strata sunshade net structure is opened；
2., when the average intensity of illumination in booth is higher than 220,000 lux time, open upper strata sunshade net structure and lower floor's sunshade net structure simultaneously；
3., when the average intensity of illumination in booth is lower than 80,000 lux time, open illumination structure, make the average intensity of illumination in booth between 8-16 ten thousand lux.
2. the artificial cultivation method of a kind of Fructus actinidiae chinensis according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described S1, sunshade net structure is made up of the sunshade net unit of multiple parallel arranged, described sunshade unit includes rectangle sunshade net (5), fixing bar (6), mobile bar (7), fixing bar (6) is fixed in the side of described rectangle sunshade net (5), opposite side is fixed on mobile bar (7), the two ends of described fixing bar (6) are fixed by being perpendicularly fixed at the horizon bar (4) of support bar, the two ends of described mobile bar (7) are slidably coupled to the upper chute (9) arranged of horizon bar (4), and driven by motor.
3. the artificial cultivation method of a kind of Fructus actinidiae chinensis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described S1, illumination structure is made up of several LED (8), and described several LED (8) are arranged in arrays in same level.
4. the artificial cultivation method of a kind of Fructus actinidiae chinensis according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described S1, the height of steel wire (3) is 1.7-1.8m, the height of described illumination structure is 2.4-2.6m, the height of described lower floor sunshade net structure is 2.7-2.9m, and the height of described upper strata sunshade net structure is 4.8-5.0m.
5. the artificial cultivation method of a kind of Fructus actinidiae chinensis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described S2, the seeding row spacing of Fructus actinidiae chinensis field planting is 1.5 meters × 4 meters, and male and female plant configures according to 9:1.
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| CN201610130774.5A CN105706834B (en) | 2016-03-09 | 2016-03-09 | A kind of artificial cultivation method of Kiwi berry |
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| CN201610130774.5A CN105706834B (en) | 2016-03-09 | 2016-03-09 | A kind of artificial cultivation method of Kiwi berry |
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| CN105706834B CN105706834B (en) | 2018-08-24 |
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| CN106489625A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-03-15 | 资源县山水美水果种植园（微型企业） | Method of the red kiwi fruit in low temperature high and cold mountain area frost protection anti-hail |
| CN107094570A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-08-29 | 务川县金锋猕猴桃种植农民专业合作社 | Kiwi berry implantation methods |
| CN107593261A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-01-19 | 镇江市丹徒区锋顺瓜果种植专业合作社 | Anti- heavy rain insolation proof grape trellis |
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| CN105706834B (en) | 2018-08-24 |
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