CN105706834B - A kind of artificial cultivation method of Kiwi berry - Google Patents
A kind of artificial cultivation method of Kiwi berry Download PDFInfo
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- CN105706834B CN105706834B CN201610130774.5A CN201610130774A CN105706834B CN 105706834 B CN105706834 B CN 105706834B CN 201610130774 A CN201610130774 A CN 201610130774A CN 105706834 B CN105706834 B CN 105706834B
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- sunshade
- greenhouse
- web frame
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- illumination
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of artificial cultivation method of Kiwi berry, includes the following steps：Using beam-connected greenhouse, greenhouse support column (1), arch support bar (2), plastic film, sunshade web frame, steel wire (3), illumination structure；In December early and middle ten days to 2 months next year early and middle ten days be colonized macaque peach seedling；Pruning；At 15 o'clock, illumination control is carried out according to the sunshade web frame and illumination structure of greenhouse in 9 o'clock to afternoon in the morning：When in greenhouse average light intensity higher than 160,000 luxs and less than 220,000 lux when, open upper layer sunshade web frame；When higher than 220,000 lux, two layers of sunshade web frame is opened simultaneously；When less than 80,000 lux, illumination structure is opened.The present invention is Kiwi berry comprehensive regulation intensity of illumination, so that the light environment of Kiwi berry is maintained most suitable environment, is minimized by extraneous illumination effect, to greatly increase the yield of Kiwi berry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruits and vegetables technical field of cultivation, and in particular to a kind of artificial cultivation method of Kiwi berry.
Background technology
Kiwi berry is the bejuco of Actinidiaceae (Actinidiaceae), Actinidia (Actinidia), former
China is originated in, the South and the North is all distributed in China.Kiwi berry like diffused light, it is desirable that year sunshine time be 1300-2600 hour, oneself
The area of right illuminance 40~45% is preferably.Wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis plant base portion is all grown to be twined in Schattenseite or half Schattenseite and riverside, some
Around being attached on big tree, there is the extremely strong ability using astigmatism, but cannot be excessively hidden, if intensity of illumination is too weak, Kiwi berry
Branch will be withered.As Kiwi berry industry flourishes, scale constantly expands, and the growing environment of Kiwi berry is from mountainous region transition from open-pit
Change to that level land is outdoor, the method for artificial outdoor cultivation leads to leaf problem appear to is that intensity of illumination is too big, humidity is unable to control
The harm such as edge is shrivelled, foliage injury, fruit surface damage.How wet south China first half of the year wet weather is, and rainy day illumination deficiency influences Kiwi berry
Growth result；The second half year more fine day high temperature, intense light irradiation effectively cause the injury of Kiwi berry blade, and especially earsh injury is very tight
Weight.The microenvironment suitable for Kiwi growth how is built, suitable intensity of illumination is effectively adjusted, is the pass of southern Kiwifruit Culture
One of key factor.
Just one of the main energy sources of the important environmental factor and plant growth in plant growth and development process,
The light of different-waveband is different on the influence of the photosynthesis of plant, and different green plantss are to the basic phase of the absorption spectrum of light
Together, the blood orange area in the royal purple area and 600~700nm of 400~460nm is concentrated mainly in visual field.Intensity of illumination is to biology
Photosynthesis influences very big.Currently, being had not been reported both at home and abroad to the study on regulation of Kiwi berry intensity of illumination.In artificial cultivation,
Most of Kiwi berry is outdoor cultivation, a small number of to prevent summer strong light direct beam using hedge frame, but after hedge frame forms shelfful, below
One layer two layers, due to illumination deficiency, influence bearing capacity, and influence overall yield.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome south China first half of the year wet weather how wet, rainy day illumination deficiency macaque
The influence of peach growth result；Second half year fine day high temperature, injury of the intense light irradiation sternly to Kiwi berry blade, especially to the wound of earsh
Evil, provides a kind of artificial cultivation method of Kiwi berry, and this method integrates illumination regulation and control, utilizes the intelligent greenhouse facility of science and screening
Shady system, Kiwi berry rational close planting and rational pruning establish the management system of Kiwifruit Culture illumination regulation and control, are flat
Ground Kiwifruit Culture provides a kind of good effective way of high yield.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of artificial cultivation method of Kiwi berry, includes the following steps：
S1:Greenhouse is set：Using beam-connected greenhouse, be conducive to ventilation and penetrating light, greenhouse includes the support for being perpendicularly fixed at ground
Column, both ends are fixed on the arch support bar of support column, the plastic film being fixed on arch support bar, sunshade web frame, steel wire
Net, illumination structure, the sunshade web frame include upper layer sunshade web frame and lower layer's sunshade web frame, at the middle and upper levels sunshade net knot
Structure is set to above plastic film, lower layer's sunshade net structure setting is below plastic film, and the steel wire is in be horizontally placed on
The lower section of lower layer's sunshade web frame, the illumination structure are set between lower layer's sunshade web frame and steel wire；
S2:Kiwi berry is colonized：In December early and middle ten days to 2 months next year early and middle ten days be colonized macaque peach seedling；
S3:Pruning：When macaque peach seedling young sprout is evacuated to 0.4 meter, bamboo bar is found, when 0.45 meter from frame of trunk is plucked
The heart；It is carried out every strain intermediate cutting before winter pruning after 4th year, spacing in the rows becomes 3 meters, keeps 3 meters of spacing in the rows constant later；
S4:At 15 o'clock, illumination control is carried out according to the sunshade web frame and illumination structure of greenhouse in 9 o'clock to afternoon in the morning
System, it is specific as follows：
1. when the average light intensity in greenhouse is higher than 160,000 luxs and is less than 220,000 lux, upper layer is opened
Sunshade web frame；
2. when the average light intensity in greenhouse be higher than 220,000 lux when, open simultaneously upper layer sunshade web frame and
Lower layer's sunshade web frame；
3. when the average light intensity in greenhouse is less than 80,000 lux, illumination structure is opened, is made flat in greenhouse
Equal intensity of illumination is between ten thousand luxs 8-16.
Sunshade web frame is made of the sunshade net unit of multiple parallel arrangeds in the S1, and the sunshade net unit includes square
Shape sunshade net, fixed link, mobile bar, fixed link is fixed in the side of the rectangle sunshade net, mobile bar is fixed in the other side, institute
The both ends for stating fixed link are fixed by being perpendicularly fixed at the horizon bar of supporting rod, the both ends slidable connection of the mobile bar
It is driven in the sliding slot being arranged on horizon bar and by motor.
Illumination structure is made of several LED light in the S1, several described LED light are arranged in arrays in same level
Face.
The height of steel wire is 1.7-1.8m in the S1, and the height of the illumination structure is 2.4-2.6m, the lower layer
The height of sunshade web frame is 2.7-2.9m, and the height of the upper layer sunshade web frame is 4.8-5.0m.
The seeding row spacing that Kiwi berry is colonized in the S2 is 1.5 meters × 4 meters, and male and female plant is according to 9:1 configuration.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following remarkable advantage and advantageous effect：(1) rationally plant, every strain intermediate cutting,
Increase the area of effective coverage on frame face, prevent strain from mutually being covered with strain and block, is suitble to improve kiwi fruit plant in southern greenhouse
The condition of illumination；(2) it is directed to Kiwi growth habit, intensity of illumination mistake is prevented using shade system using manual light control's technology
(especially summer strong light) by force leads to the harm such as kiwi fruit plant fallen leaves are withered；Using light-supplementing system, prevent intensity of illumination excessively weak
(especially continuous cloudy day), influence kiwi fruit plant growth.The present invention is Kiwi berry comprehensive regulation intensity of illumination in terms of three, is made
The light environment of Kiwi berry maintains most suitable environment, is minimized by extraneous illumination effect, to greatly increase Kiwi berry
Yield.
Description of the drawings
Shown in FIG. 1 is the front view that Kiwifruit Culture of the present invention uses greenhouse；
Shown in Fig. 2 is the side view that Kiwifruit Culture of the present invention uses greenhouse；
Shown in Fig. 3 is the vertical view that Kiwifruit Culture of the present invention uses greenhouse.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is further described in detail with reference to embodiments.It is noted that detailed description below is all to illustrate
Property, it is intended to provide further instruction to the present invention.Unless otherwise indicated, all scientific and technical terms that the present invention uses
With with the normally understood identical meanings of the technical field of the invention personnel.
1. greenhouse facility
Using beam-connected greenhouse, be conducive to ventilation and penetrating light.
Greenhouse includes that the support column 1 for being perpendicularly fixed at ground, both ends are fixed on the arch support bar 2 of support column 1, are fixed on
Plastic film (using polyethylene dripless anti-aging film), sunshade web frame, steel wire 3, illumination knot on arch support bar 2
Structure, the sunshade web frame include upper layer sunshade web frame and lower layer's sunshade web frame, at the middle and upper levels sunshade net structure setting in
Below plastic film, the steel wire 3 is in be horizontally placed on lower layer's sunshade for plastic film top, lower layer's sunshade net structure setting
The lower section of web frame, the illumination structure are set between lower layer's sunshade web frame and steel wire 3.The screening of one layer of sunshade web frame
Luminosity about 30% or so, the obscurity about 50% or so of two layers of sunshade web frame.
The sunshade web frame is made of the sunshade net unit of multiple parallel arrangeds, and the sunshade net unit includes that rectangle hides
Screened postive 5, fixed link 6, mobile bar 7, fixed link 6 is fixed in the side of the rectangle sunshade net 5, mobile bar 7 is fixed in the other side,
The both ends of the fixed link 6 are fixed by being perpendicularly fixed at the horizon bar 4 of supporting rod, and the both ends of the mobile bar 7 can be slided
It is dynamic to be connected to the sliding slot 9 being arranged on horizon bar 4 and driven by motor.
The illumination structure is made of several LED light 8, several described LED light 8 are arranged in arrays in same level
Face.The feux rouges of LED light 8 and the ratio of blue light are 9:1.
The height of the steel wire 3 is 1.7-1.8m, and the height of the illumination structure is 2.4-2.6m, lower layer's sunshade
The height of web frame is 2.7-2.9m, and the height of the upper layer sunshade web frame is 4.8-5.0m.
2. Kiwi berry is colonized
Site preparation is carried out before Kiwi berry field planting, furrow face is 3.75 meters wide, 0.5 meter of furrow width, 0.5 meter deep, with lowering of watertable.It adopts
With flat pergola system；In December early and middle ten days to 2 months next year early and middle ten days be colonized macaque peach seedling, plant spacing be 1.5 meters × 4 meters,
To be conducive to early formation tree crown, certain leaf area is formed, certain mutual Shade effect is reached, is burnt to prevent summer strong light,
Male and female plant is according to 9:1 configuration.
3. Kiwi berry pruning
Earsh light pruning length is put, and is mutually shaded between tree body, between branches and leaves, is burnt to prevent day；Beta pruning item is sieved after adult, is both protected
It holds certain branches and leaves and keeps tree body ventilation and penetrating light again.
(1) First Year is in order to promote Kiwi berry young sprout to grow, plant singly climing culture, when macaque peach seedling young sprout is evacuated to 0.4 meter
When, bamboo bar is found, gradually ties up and draws upwards along bar, is trained trunk, when 0.45 meter from frame of trunk carries out pinching, cultivates 2 main stems；
Not pinching behind canopy face in 2 main stems, climing to tie up perpendicular to row when main stem is grown to 40-50cm, the sublateral shoot that current year is formed is most
Amount retains, and such as length is climing to when 40-50cm and perpendicular to main stem tie up.All young sprouts are uniformly distributed on frame face, between branches and leaves
Allow overlapped to be conducive to mutually shade.
(2) second year Kiwi berry main stem sprouting growth selects and remain a fruitful branch every 25 centimetres, fruitful branch draws climing is bound
Onto canopy face, nearly main stem base portion stays 2-3 bearing basal shoot.Main stem of the winter pruning between or so December, strain and strain is being handed over
Cutting back at fork, fruitful branch stay 3-4 bud cutting backs.All branches are uniformly distributed on frame face.
(3) tip is taken out in third year Kiwi berry bearing basal shoot growth, and fruitful branch, uniform draws climing binding are selected and remain every 20-25 centimetres
Onto canopy face, suitably overlapping shade between blade.After fruit maturation picking, winter pruning is equally in or so December, trimming side
The same second year of method, gradually forms the bearing basal shoot of orderly fixed position.
Complicated and confused juxtaposition starts seriously, to influence to yield positive results after (4) the 4th years.It is carried out before winter pruning every strain intermediate cutting,
Spacing in the rows becomes 3 meters, keeps 3 meters of spacing in the rows constant later.
4. greenhouse illumination automatically controls system
For summer strong light and rainy season dim light to the adverse effect of Kiwi growth, the sunshade web frame and light of greenhouse are utilized
According to the illumination condition in structure automatic adjustment greenhouse.
(1) one optical sensor of every 100 square metres of placements in greenhouse.
(2) artificially feed system.3 levels are arranged in LED light (8), and the first level starts energy-saving lamp, increases illumination in greenhouse
The lux of intensity 2~30,000, the energy-saving lamp that the second level starts can increase the lux of intensity of illumination 3 in greenhouse~40,000, third layer
The energy-saving lamp of secondary startup can increase the lux of intensity of illumination 4 in greenhouse~50,000.
(3) when the average light intensity in greenhouse is higher than 160,000 luxs and is less than 220,000 lux, in opening
Layer sunshade web frame；When the average light intensity in greenhouse is higher than 220,000 lux, upper layer sunshade net knot is opened simultaneously
Structure and lower layer's sunshade web frame.
(4) growth period if there is artificially feed is needed 5 days or more continuous rainy days, starts artificial lighting system.It opens
3 levels of setting are closed, when the intensity of illumination in greenhouse is 5~60,000 lux, the energy-saving lamp for opening the first level increases
The lux of intensity of illumination 2 in greenhouse~30,000, makes intensity of illumination in greenhouse maintain 8~90,000 luxs；When the illumination in greenhouse
Intensity is when 4~50,000 lux, the energy-saving lamp that the second level is opened, and increases the lux of intensity of illumination 3~40,000 in greenhouse,
Increasing the number of energy-saving lamp makes intensity of illumination in greenhouse maintain 8~90,000 luxs；When the intensity of illumination in greenhouse is less than 40,000
When lux, start the energy-saving lamp of third level, increases the lux of intensity of illumination 4 in greenhouse~50,000, start more energy saving
Lamp makes intensity of illumination in greenhouse maintain 8~90,000 luxs.The daily light filling time is 3 o'clock in 9 o'clock to afternoon in the morning.
" Red Male " the kind actinidia tree of comprehensive regulation of the present invention is compared with compareing and setting.
The above is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art
For, under the premise of not departing from core of the invention technology, improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications are also answered
Belong to the scope of patent protection of the present invention.With any change in the comparable meaning and scope of claims of the present invention, all
It is considered as being included within the scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of artificial cultivation method of Kiwi berry, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
S1:Greenhouse is set：Using beam-connected greenhouse, greenhouse includes that support is fixed at the support column (1) for being perpendicularly fixed at ground, both ends
The arch support bar (2) of column (1), the plastic film being fixed on arch support bar (2), sunshade web frame, steel wire (3), light
According to structure, the sunshade web frame includes upper layer sunshade web frame and lower layer's sunshade web frame, and sunshade net structure is set at the middle and upper levels
Plastic film top, lower layer's sunshade net structure setting are placed in below plastic film, the steel wire (3) is in be horizontally placed on down
The lower section of layer sunshade web frame, the illumination structure are set between lower layer's sunshade web frame and steel wire (3)；
S2:Kiwi berry is colonized：In December early and middle ten days to 2 months next year early and middle ten days be colonized macaque peach seedling；
S3:Pruning：When macaque peach seedling young sprout is evacuated to 0.4 meter, bamboo bar is found, when 0.45 meter from frame of trunk carries out pinching；
It is carried out every strain intermediate cutting before winter pruning after 4th year, spacing in the rows becomes 3 meters, keeps 3 meters of spacing in the rows constant later；
S4:At 15 o'clock, illumination control, tool are carried out according to the sunshade web frame and illumination structure of greenhouse in 9 o'clock to afternoon in the morning
Body is as follows：
1. when the average light intensity in greenhouse is higher than 160,000 luxs and is less than 220,000 lux, upper layer sunshade is opened
Web frame；
2. when the average light intensity in greenhouse is higher than 220,000 lux, upper layer sunshade web frame and lower layer are opened simultaneously
Sunshade web frame；
3. when the average light intensity in greenhouse is less than 80,000 lux, illumination structure is opened, the average light in greenhouse is made
According to intensity between ten thousand luxs 8-16.
2. a kind of artificial cultivation method of Kiwi berry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Sunshade net knot in the S1
Structure is made of the sunshade net unit of multiple parallel arrangeds, and the sunshade net unit includes rectangle sunshade net (5), fixed link (6), moves
Lever (7), fixed link (6) is fixed in the side of the rectangle sunshade net (5), mobile bar (7), the fixation are fixed in the other side
The both ends of bar (6) are fixed by being perpendicularly fixed at the horizon bar (4) of supporting rod, and the both ends of the mobile bar (7) are slidably
It is connected to the sliding slot (9) being arranged on horizon bar (4) and is driven by motor.
3. a kind of artificial cultivation method of Kiwi berry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Illumination structure in the S1
It is made of several LED light (8), several described LED light (8) are arranged in arrays in same level.
4. a kind of artificial cultivation method of Kiwi berry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Steel wire in the S1
(3) height is 1.7-1.8m, and the height of the illumination structure is 2.4-2.6m, and the height of lower layer's sunshade web frame is
The height of 2.7-2.9m, the upper layer sunshade web frame are 4.8-5.0m.
5. a kind of artificial cultivation method of Kiwi berry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Kiwi berry is fixed in the S2
The seeding row spacing of plant is 1.5 meters × 4 meters, and male and female plant is according to 9:1 configuration.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610130774.5A CN105706834B (en) | 2016-03-09 | 2016-03-09 | A kind of artificial cultivation method of Kiwi berry |
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| CN201610130774.5A CN105706834B (en) | 2016-03-09 | 2016-03-09 | A kind of artificial cultivation method of Kiwi berry |
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| CN105706834B true CN105706834B (en) | 2018-08-24 |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106489625A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-03-15 | 资源县山水美水果种植园（微型企业） | Method of the red kiwi fruit in low temperature high and cold mountain area frost protection anti-hail |
| CN107094570A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-08-29 | 务川县金锋猕猴桃种植农民专业合作社 | Kiwi berry implantation methods |
| CN107593261A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-01-19 | 镇江市丹徒区锋顺瓜果种植专业合作社 | Anti- heavy rain insolation proof grape trellis |
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| CN2688044Y (en) * | 2004-03-25 | 2005-03-30 | 江苏大学 | Conjoined greenhouse with double-thin-film coating |
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| CN204616589U (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-09-09 | 辽东学院 | A kind of tara vine cultivation frame |
| CN105165475A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2015-12-23 | 无锡灵山之草现代农业有限公司 | Low-temperature green house |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2015087481A1 (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2015-06-18 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Greenhouse for agricultural use and opening and closing device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2688044Y (en) * | 2004-03-25 | 2005-03-30 | 江苏大学 | Conjoined greenhouse with double-thin-film coating |
| CN104686246A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2015-06-10 | 天津润东蔬菜种植专业合作社 | Novel greenhouse |
| CN203851552U (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-10-01 | 楚雄市欣绿世界名贵茶花品种园有限公司 | Multifunctional flower nursery stock seedling cultivation artificial environment facility |
| CN104106440A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-10-22 | 上海市农业科学院 | Kiwifruit tree planting method |
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