CN101755582A - Chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming cultivation technique and method - Google Patents
Chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming cultivation technique and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a chrysanthemum cultivation technique and a cultivation method, in particular relates to a chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming cultivation technique and a method thereof, relating to the chrysanthemum cultivation technique and method in different seasons; the chrysanthemum does not bloom in autumn, and blooms in spring by crossing the winter; the potted chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming cultivation technique and the method mainly comprise the following measures: planting ambient temperature requirement of the chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum type selection, raising seedlings by cutting, potting planting, watering and irrigation, fertilizer application, pinching and bud picking, insect disease prevention, bamboo insertion and binding, bud sparsity, flowering phase control and the like, in particular for the flowering phase control-light-compensation flowering control technology for chrysanthemum growth; by applying the chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming cultivation technique and the method, the chrysanthemum is led to bloom in the spring festival, lantern festival, international working women's day, tomb-sweeping day, may day and other important holidays, potted, seasoned and varicoloured chrysanthemum bloom, so as to bring beauty and pleasure to people' life and bring scientific, social and economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the culture technique and the cultivation method of chrysanthemum, be the culture technique and the method for chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming specifically, it relates to chrysanthemum through different time culture technique and cultivation method, makes not blooming in the fall that chrysanthemum should bloom in the fall, but crosses over winter at fresh flower in full bloom in spring.
Background technology
Chrysanthemum is a composite family Chrysanthemum plant, perennial perennial root herbage flower.Chrysanthemum originates in ground such as Chinese Henan, Luoyang, Hangzhou, is one of China's ten big famous flowers, is described as among " plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum " four gentleman.At the cultivation history in existing more than 3000 year of China.Chrysanthemum imports Japan about the Tang Dynasty into through Korea greatly, and the 17th century passes European and American countries, has now become one of world-renowned flowers.Well-known chrysanthemum is lucuriant in design, various in style, the attitude elegance, and it is in full bloom to withstand the frost in the time of the year when autumn changes into winter, is always liked by people and praises.
Chrysanthemum is the traditional food of China, it is one of chrysanthemum tea beverage, traditional Chinese medicine commonly used.It is cold in nature, and it is sweet, bitter to distinguish the flavor of, and has wind-dispelling heat-dissipating, and flat liver effect such as make eye bright is used for anemopyretic cold, dizzy, the red eye, swell pain of headache, and eyes is dim-sighted.Up-to-date discovers: medicinal chrysanthemum has effect anticancer, anti AIDS virus.Along with the fast development of domestic and international medicine, Food ﹠ Drink processing industry, the consumption of chrysanthemum sharply increases; The social demand amount is bigger, and annual domestic edible, medicinal dry chrysanthemum demand is about 7000 tons～8000 tons.There is 35～40% chrysanthemum for export nearly.
Chrysanthemum not only has edible, medical value, and has ornamental value.The color of chrysanthemum is abundant unusually, and Huang, red, black, purple, reddish brown, pink, golden paint, green etc. are arranged, and really is multicoloured, and is gorgeous colorful.The demand of the annual bright chrysanthemum of China is used for the gaily decorated basket or makees wreath etc. about 1,000,000,000～1,500,000,000, as about 8,000 ten thousand basins of potted chrysanthemum～100,000,000 basins in layout, U.S. garland border.The potted chrysanthemum that October gold autumn, the whole nation was used for all kinds of chrysanthemum shows needs 6,000 ten thousand basins～8,000 ten thousand basins approximately, and light Beijing celebrates that 60 anniversaries of the founding of People's Republic of China just need with chrysanthemum more than 400 ten thousand basins.
Along with improving constantly of living standards of the people, people to the demand of chrysanthemum with increasing, especially in major holidays such as the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival, International Working Women's Day, the Ching Ming Festival, Labor Days, the general chrysanthemum in full bloom that seldom can see anti-season, if people cultivate potted plant, season, in full bloom, motley chrysanthemum with modern scientific methods, it will bring beauty and happiness to people's life, bring benefit for science and technology, society, economy.
The present invention attempts by the scientific methods with the modern times, cultivate potted plant, season, in full bloom, motley anti-season chrysanthemum, satisfy the demand of people to chrysanthemum, allow people during the major holidays such as the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival, International Working Women's Day, the Ching Ming Festival, Labor Day, see in full bloom, beautiful, bright-coloured chrysanthemum from now on and decorate red-letter day, to satisfy people to the demand of chrysanthemum, to the pursuit of good life be sick for.
Simultaneously, be the flowers cause of development China, the chrysanthemum outlet is provided, allow chrysanthemum worker, the chrysanthemum farming of plantation, cultivating chrysanthemum obtain the high income of planting chrysanthemum, for science and technology, society, economic benefit are made a contribution.
Summary of the invention
1, technical problem
The present invention mainly provides the culture technique and the method for potted chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming, it comprise chrysanthemum planting environment temperature condition, seed selection, cuttage and seedling culture, go up basin field planting, the irrigation of watering, applying fertilizer, pinching bud picking, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, insert the bamboo colligation, dredge multiple technologies and methods such as flower bud, florescence control.The light filling control flower technology of the particularly florescence of chrysanthemum control---chrysanthemum growth.
2, technical scheme
The culture technique scheme and the method for chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming are meant: the chrysanthemum of let us cultivation is by changing autumn culture spring into, and blooming for make it stride across winter in autumn end the script chrysanthemum is bright-coloured chrysanthemum in full bloom in spring.
Most chrysanthemums have so typical characteristic: belong to short-day plant, promptly chrysanthemum is under the short-day condition, and every day is less than 12 hours illumination, just can bloom greater than continuously dark 12 hours phases, and the natural florescence of chrysanthemum in general autumn is in the 11-12 month; Under the long-day condition, as 17 hours sunshine, continuously dark 7 hours phases can not bloom, and as the 4-8 month, belong to the long-day condition, and chrysanthemum is is only nourished and grown, and can't carry out flower bud differentiation and bloomed.Preferably can be under the The day gains on the night long-day condition vegetative growth phase of chrysanthemum and finish, after waiting to grow to certain altitude, more than 34～36cm, just carry out short-day and handle, to induce flower bud differentiation and to bloom.In autumn and winter, in order to stop the formation of chrysanthemum bud, must come the extended day photograph with manually adding light, promote it to nourish and grow, suppress its flower bud differentiation.
The lunar calendar of China is general all between the late January to mid-February of the Gregorian calendar Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival generally early Febuary to early March, the chrysanthemum of this " anti-season " cultivation, make it in the Spring Festival or in the Lantern Festival, even it is delayed time more backward bloom, only way is to promote chrysanthemum to nourish and grow, and suppresses flower bud differentiation.The chrysanthemum of flowers in full bloom such as the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival is answered in cultivation, and best bet is to add light at night, to interrupt continuous darkness, makes two dark phases all less than 7 hours, promotes to nourish and grow.By the time with flower precontract 70-80 days, just stop light filling, allow chrysanthemum normally carry out reproductive growth, pregnant flower bud with bloom.
3, Fa Ming purpose
By application, reach and make chrysanthemum open during the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, International Working Women's Day, the Ching Ming Festival, " May Day " International Labour Day etc., to satisfy the new demand of people to chrysanthemum to the culture technique and the method for chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming.Simultaneously, be the flowers cause of development China, the chrysanthemum outlet is provided, allow chrysanthemum worker, the chrysanthemum farming of plantation, cultivating chrysanthemum obtain the high income of planting chrysanthemum, for science and technology, society, economic benefit are made a contribution.
4, the cultivation management technology of potted chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming and method
Chrysanthemum adaptability is strong, and weather and soil are required than higher, and China various places all can be cultivated.The potted plant need of chrysanthemum contain organic soil, and the chrysanthemum happiness is moistening, avoids ponding, and Xi Shuiyin avoids burning sun, belong to short-day plant; Chrysanthemum growth has the property of surviving frosts, but not anti-frost, the Qiu Juneng opening that withstands the frost; Well-grown under, well-drained chiltern organic soil abundant and ventilation, the sun-drenched weather conditions at humus; Temperature is beginning rudiment more than 10 ℃, optimum growth in the time of 20 ℃～25 ℃.It is the out-of-season blooming in spring that cultivating chrysanthemum wants it to become by fall flowering, chrysanthemum is cultivated will cross very long winter, not only to carry out the anti-freezing and heat-insulating work of chrysanthemum cultivation: the environmental temperature of cultivation spring chrysanthemum in full bloom should be higher than more than 10 ℃, it is between 15 ℃～25 ℃ that best room temperature remains on, and to should select lee side on the sunny side at autumn, winter, spring cultivation environment, with the abundance at sunshine, have the brooder of light filling facility or plastic tunnel for well; Also to carry out the cultivation management technology and the method for potted chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming, comprising: kind selection, cuttage and seedling culture, upward basin field planting, the irrigation of watering, applying fertilizer, pinching bud picking, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, florescence control and slotting bamboo colligation, thin flower bud etc.
(1), the selection of main chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming cultivar:
1. the cultivar of main chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming is optional about 18～20; Yellow class optional: the cured Huang of plate, Ningbo Huang, platform Huang, Huang Xiufeng, Wuxi Huang, pink group optional: all round victory, peony, platform is red, Luoyang is red, the Dongguan is red, gold zone is red, spotted cat chrysanthemum, Guangzhou are red, the green silk ball of other optional green, golden beautiful gold, the optional Hangzhoupro of white group reaches variegated some gold, some silver, 18 Misses etc. from chrysanthemum, Da Zilian.
2. select by the size in flower footpath, the optional Ningbo Huang of Da Hua class, peony, green silk ball, big white lotus, the optional all round victory of Xiao Hua class, FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China, gold zone are red, spotted cat chrysanthemum, Guangzhou are red, some gold, silver a bit, and flower class is optional in other: the cured Huang of plate, gold zone is red, platform is red, beautiful gold, green silk ball etc.
3. press the selection of varieties and characteristics.Select vegetative period short, plant type is shorter, still can normally nourish and grow and reproductive growth after handling by artificial long-day light filling; Can carry out flower bud differentiation well under lower temperature, flower bud differentiation induces number of days short, and flower bud development is good, the complete unanimity of blooming; The chrysanthemum strain is more cold-resistant, and well-grown under the low temperature, floral organ are not easy to be subjected to the kind of freeze injury.
(2), cuttage and seedling culture.Before the Spring Festival or the Lantern Festival 122-152 days, fine in the sky, sunlight is arranged, when dew is dried, in chrysanthemum maternal plant seedbed, select for use through clip 8-10cm spray in the healthy and strong lateral bud of sprouting after the pinching repeatedly, in the cool, Deng blade slightly withered after, pluck bottom 2-4 piece blade, cut off next section of stipes base portion, the stipes base portion is handled with root element, can impel the chrysanthemum seedling to take root in advance, it is neat, multiple to guarantee root; Pinch the little native ball of about a 1～1.5Cm, encase the stipes base portion, insert in the coarse sand, water permeablely, keeps moistening, concealment, sprayed creature's sterilization, carry out the sterilizing disease-preventing measure; Generally under half shady environment, took root implanting and cultivating in a week as far as possible behind the root of hair approximately through 10-15 days.General is not need light filling in the 10-15 days times of casting bed cuttage, because 10-15 days short-day after the pinching do not promote flower bud differentiation as yet, and will be with lamp according to light filling in the seedbed.
(3), go up the basin field planting.The Spring Festival, Lantern Festival etc. the basin chrysanthemum generally need 112-142 days from field planting to blooming, promptly field planting before and after the Mid-autumn Festival can be postponed till the lunar calendar the first tenday period of a month in September or the middle ten days at the latest.Seven cun potted plant general 2-4 strain/basins of holder, that plants the mid-autumn can 2 strains/basin, the 3-4 strain/basin of early and middle ten days field planting in September.Cultivation matrix requires to be rich in organic soil, well water conservation, protect fertilely, permeable and ventilative, original seed is crossed the soil of chrysanthemum can not take turns usefulness; Chicken manure that available pond sludge is equipped with husk, wood chip, cinder, peanut shell, burnt earth, become thoroughly decomposed etc. has matrix for two or three kinds or three or four kinds.During the dress basin, the bottom osculum should be put hydrophobic tile well by the herringbone method, can not stop up, dress mud becomes full to the 7-8 of flowerpot and get final product, and every cubic metre of compost can be gone up about seven cun about 400 basins of basin, can solid matter when lamp photograph light filling is put period, it is with good conditionsi that can flowerpot to be convenient at bottom pad fragment of brick hydrophobic, no passage can be put by 22-25 basin/m2, has passage to put by 17-19 basin/m2, puts with 1450 basins～1500 basins for every mu.During field planting, basin soil is drenched, in basin mud, behind the slotting hole, plant the chrysanthemum seedling again with the bamboo rod; After having planted, water sufficient normal root water, in the week, should spray the microbial inoculum diseases prevention once after the field planting.Will cover the sunshade net after planting 4-7 days, the sunshine that the prevents autumn chrysanthemum seedling of burning changes normal management then over to.
(4), the irrigation of watering.Chrysanthemum belongs to strong positive flowers, and the property happiness is moistening to be avoided water stainly, waters dilutional hyponatremia, easily makes chrysanthemum strain excessive growth, the stipes elongation, and blade is sparse, and mashed root is until death; Behind the rain, should in time get rid of ponding in the flowerpot; Not enough its normal growth that influences that waters is grown, and causes blade withered and yellow, and the pin leaf comes off, even flower bud differentiation is fulfiled ahead of schedule, inclined to one side morning at florescence.Must grasp: the principle of " see and driedly see wetly, parch drenchedly, do not do and do not water, water and will irrigate ", general fine sooner or later respectively watering once, during cold weather, should be at 10-11 in fine morning 14-15 about o'clock about o'clock or in the afternoon, just water after waiting weather warm slightly.The seedling water consumption is few, control and water, and especially after the pinching, control is watered and can be made axillalry bud full; Wait to sprout the back and the busy season of nourishing and growing, contain that flower bud grows, after the bud colour developing, strengthen gradually and water the water yield.Flower should be avoided watering when watering as far as possible and take, in order to avoid cause rotten flower after launching.
(5), applying fertilizer.Fertilizing method can be used dry application, and solution is executed or execute on the blade face, a week after the field planting, fertilising in every 8-10 days once, vegetative growth phase, it was main answering applied nitrogen during spraying fertilizer, as urea, soya-bean cake water ferments; After turning to reproductive growth, answer increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, as composite fertilizer, bone meal, potassium dihydrogen phosphate etc.Can to carry out foliar application in nourish and grow busy season and pregnant flower bud phase, every 8-10 days/time, carry out in the morning or at dusk, when implementing the method for foliar application, that the two-sided sprinkling of leaf is even; Concentration is generally, urea liquid: 0.15%-0.25%, superphosphate liquid 1.5%-3%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 0.3%-0.5%.During fertilising, as the weather arid, fertilising is suitable light, and it is many that number of times is wanted; As cold weather, humidity, fertilising is suitable dense, and number of times will lack.During fertilising, basin soil is dried slightly, and muddy water is sure not the bespatter blade, has dirt to dye blade water flushing in time as finding, in order to avoid fallen leaves.Find that blade is excessive, plump, look dark green, even crimping is sagging, and then fertilizer is too much, should control fertilising; As the blade slight of stature and the look Huang, fertilising is not enough, answers dressing fertilizer, many fertilisings, heavy dressing fertilizer.
(6), pinching bud picking.Pinching can promote collateral generation, reaches the number that expection is bloomed, the height of controlled chrysanthemum strain and suitable delay florescence.Short between the Chrysanthemum Festival of all pinching morning, plant division is low, can make plant type attractive in appearance, and it is sturdy to grow.After the chrysanthemum field planting on the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival etc. to the general pinching secondary of blooming, the pinching of the Spring Festival, field planting in preceding 105～113 days on Lantern Festival once, but save the pinching 2 times of field planting in preceding 125～136 days, but save the pinching 3 times of field planting in preceding 137～150 days, after field planting 10～15 days for the first time, height of seedling 15-20cm carries out when 6～7 leaves are arranged, and stays 3～4 leaves of base portion; Carry out during 93～103 days Spring Festival in distance for the second time, axillary bud sprouting length has side shoot 5-6 sheet leaf, extracts the top after staying 2-3 sheet leaf on the side shoot.General every young plant pinching once can be sprouted 2～3 in branch, blooms 2～3, and the pinching secondary has 4～6 in branch, blooms 3～5, if 3 strains of every basin, the pinching secondary, then every basin has branch more than 10, can bloom more than 8.When the side shoot after the last pinching grows to 15～20cm, select growth potential suitable, the height unanimity, the well-balanced branch in position keeps, and removes too strong, weak, high, short branch, and the sprouting that constantly sprouts between axil also will be erased at any time.Zhejiang area tends to after stopping light filling according to invention experience practice, carries out pinching to beautiful gold, gold zone are red etc., is commonly called as " sweeping top ", can make plant type and florescence relatively more neat, unify.A small amount of kind because of individual difference, requires height to intensity of illumination as the red or a small amount of potted flower of gold zone, during the light filling lamp shines flower bud differentiation can take place, and bud occurs or willow leaf occurs, no longer grows tall, and should in time extract from base portion, allows it sprout sprouting again.
(7), prevention and elimination of disease and pests.A little less than high humidity, illumination, during improper ventilation, the easiest generation disease; As powdery mildew, rust, leaf spot, root rot, fusarium wilt etc., controls such as available triadimefon, thiophanate methyl, tpn, carbendazim, good creature.The insect pest of chrysanthemum mainly contains aphid, grub, two spotted spider mite, nematode etc., controls such as available flolimat, Rogor, marathon, chlorophos, ten thousand spirits, miticide.The diseases prevention worm should even do not find the harm of disease worm, also be taken every 10-15 days and once prevent to put prevention first.Invention checking shows: in basin dispensing 3% carbofuran Granules can prevent eliminating aphis, nematode etc., not having insect substantially takes place, the longevity of residure reaches 40-50 days.
(8), insert the bamboo colligation.After stopping the electric light light filling, grow to more than 34～36cm when the chrysanthemum strain, there is bud as seen, when also having 30-40 days, just can insert bamboo and colligation apart from the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival etc.Be chosen in before the colligation as far as possible water preceding or before midday after, or the chrysanthemum strain carries out when slightly wilting, in order to avoid the branches and leaves that fracture.General Da Hua class is inserted bamboo as need such as Ningbo Huang, peonies and is about 60cm, and middle colored class needs to insert the about 40-50cm of bamboo as the cured Huang of plate, beautiful gold, platform are red etc., and the Xiao Hua class need not be inserted bamboo, FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China red as gold zone, some gold, all round victory etc.General every basin is inserted 6～8 in bamboo, and the little hedge bamboo of making is inserted in the basin soil, and branch is evenly distributed, and ties up with thin wire, and two roads carry out colligation about dividing, and allow bennet be close to the pillar bamboo.After inserting bamboo, before chrysanthemum goes out the garden, should cut off long bamboo and prop up, make the head flower a little more than the bamboo top.
(9) dredge flower bud.For reach make chrysanthemum open greatly, hold successfully, open requirements such as perfection, the basin chrysanthemum of general Da Hua class all needs to dredge flower bud, as Ningbo Huang, peony, green silk ball etc., makes nutrient concentrate on main flower bud.Dredge the flower bud time, when the pea size being arranged,, divest the side flower bud from bottom to top successively, can take the circumstances into consideration to stay 1-2 preparation flower bud by with the flower requirement with main flower bud, normal when confirming that main flower bud grows, when not being subjected to the harm of disease worm again, remove the preparation flower bud again, general every flower stays three buds.Many chrysanthemums can utilize the way of staying the preparation flower bud, adjust flower size and florescence, make flower neat, and size is consistent.The little kind of flower is not generally dredged flower bud,, FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China red as gold zone, some gold, all round victory etc.
(10) florescence control.This is the culture technique and the most key technology of breeding method of chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming.
1., the normal florescence of chrysanthemum in the fall, open in mid or late November.Zhejiang area generally enters late August, and behind lunar calendar Limit of Heat solar term, the sunshine time shortens, change short-day over to, finished through 40 days approximately and carry out flower bud differentiation, this moment, naked eyes be cannot see, grow up, pregnant flower bud, develop the color, bloom, through about 40 days buds again so about 80 days chrysanthemums just can be bloomed by pregnant flower bud after the short-day.
2., light filling late blooming.Be delayed to the chrysanthemum such as the Ching Ming Festival, " May Day " International Labour Day of Spring Festival of early and middle ten days in late January to February or early Febuary to Lantern Festival of early March, International Working Women's Day to early April, not finish the chrysanthemum seedling of nourishing and growing as yet and under the short-day condition, form bud in order to stop, must prolong illumination with the method for artificial light filling, continue to nourish and grow in made long-day condition, suppress chrysanthemum and bloom.
3., the light filling time: generally after " flower sapling " goes up basin field planting first quarter moon, promptly will begin to carry out light filling; Simultaneously, the ground chrysanthemum maternal plant of planting also will carry out light filling.General light filling 4 hours is a best effects with evening 20～24 o'clock light filling, and available micro computer time-controlled switch is controlled opening and closing automatically.Late into the night of fine, cloudy day, rainy day all should lamp according to light filling, bulb, lampshade will be carried out rainproof and anti-leak shock work, if when burning out bulb or electric light and not working, in time more change the bulb or maintenance thread way switch etc.
4., electric light is installed: make pillar with bamboo bar or wooden stick, connect the 220V electric consumption on lighting, outdoor electric wire connects with copper core polyvinyl chloride insulating flexible cable (BV), selects screw socket waterproof incandescent lamp bulb (36V for use, 40W or 60W), connect relatively power saving, 5～6 lamp/groups with series process, can connect 5 lamp/groups as voltage is low, lamp apart from long 30 meters * wide 3 meters, lamp is high 1.5～1.8 meters from pelvic surface of sacrum, average 100～120 basins/lamp.
5., stop the lamp time: that plants after the Mid-autumn Festival will not wait by general light filling at the chrysanthemum that the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival bloom in 40～60 days, stopped lamp to Spring Festival inverse 65～80 days the time, i.e. lunar calendar the middle ten days and the last ten days in October.Each principal item stop behind the lamp to the Spring Festival the required fate of blooming gather as follows: peony, spotted cat chrysanthemum, green silk ball, yellow elegant phoenix 80～82 days; Wuxi Huang 79～81 days; All round victory 76～77 days; Red 74～76 days of platform; Red, beautiful golden 69～72 days of Luoyang; FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China, Guangzhou are red, yellow 70～72 days of Ningbo; Cured yellow 6～770 days of plate; Some gold, gold zone are red 65～67 days.
The Zhe Beidiqu lower as temperature can suitably shift to an earlier date 3～5 days and stop lamp.Just need be if want to be deferred to the Lantern Festival even the 3-4 month with spending, stopping the lamp time more than can complying with postpones successively and just can realize, but being implemented in, kind such as have only the cured Huang of plate, gold zone is red, platform is red, the Dongguan is red still can bloom for 3～April, other kind can not form bud or can not normal growth, may be different with temperature and sunshine relevant.
6., florescence control: because of reasons such as weather, water, fertilizer, temperature, light filling times, florescence of regulation and control is occurred earlier or after error.As find that the florescence is too late, can spray gibberellin or plant precious element and carry out flower forcing; As the florescence too early, can be before the bud colour developing spray chlormequat (B9) 2～4 times, generally spray a B9 and can postpone about 7～8 days of florescence, weekly, the while waters more, the suitable suitable late blooming of method such as concealment.In addition, the yellow and peony in Ningbo because of plant than higher, available B9 downgrades, method is B9 of spray when height of seedling 20cm, carry out the second time when bud is arranged.
In sum, the culture technique of potted chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming and method, it mainly is florescence control, select suitable kind, artificial light filling is carried out in plantation evening before and after the Mid-autumn Festival, strengthens fertilizer, water, temperature and sick scolite reason, later stage is tied up bamboo, thin flower bud, just can cultivate anti-season, beautiful, bright-coloured, moving, lovely, in full bloom bright chrysanthemum.
Invention achievement economic benefit: calculate with every mu 1450～1500 basin chrysanthemum, in 8～10 yuan in every basin, the per mu yield value is: 11600 yuan/mu～15000 yuan/mu.Year income is equivalent to 10 times of rice cultivation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China, Fig. 2 Ningbo Huang, the yellow chrysanthemum of Fig. 3, Fig. 4 Guangzhou is red, the big white lotus of Fig. 5, Fig. 6 Ningbo yellow chrysanthemum flower base of growing seedlings, the beautiful gold of Fig. 7, Fig. 8 tassel flower, the green silk ball of Fig. 9, Figure 10 gold zone is red, Figure 11 spotted cat chrysanthemum, the red chrysanthemum seedling of Figure 12 platform ground, red seedling ground, Figure 13 Dongguan, the red chrysanthemum of Figure 14 platform, the double-colored chrysanthemum of Figure 15 reddish yellow, Figure 16 peony figure, 17 spun gold cat chrysanthemums, Figure 18 crab chrysanthemum, one jiao in Figure 19 nursery.
Embodiment
1, the cultivation method of chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming during the Spring Festival:
(1), select kind: gold zone is red.
(2), cuttage and seedling culture.Before the Spring Festival 122～152 days, being February 14 (solar calendar) in the Spring Festival in 2010, can be between 15 days～October 14 September in 2009, select the sky fine, sunlight is arranged, when dew is dried, in gold zone red gaint star maternal plant seedbed, select for use through clip 8～10cm spray in the healthy and strong lateral bud of sprouting after the pinching repeatedly, in the cool, Deng blade slightly withered after, pluck 2～4 pieces of blades in bottom, cut off next section of stipes base portion, the stipes base portion is handled with root element, can impel the chrysanthemum seedling to take root in advance, it is neat, multiple to guarantee root; Pinch the little native ball of about a 1～1.5Cm, encase the stipes base portion, insert in the coarse sand, water permeablely, keeps moistening, concealment, sprayed creature's sterilization, carry out the sterilizing disease-preventing measure; Generally under half shady environment, took root implanting and cultivating in a week as far as possible behind the root of hair approximately through 10～15 days.General is not need light filling in 10～15 day time of casting bed cuttage, because 10～15 days short-day after the pinching do not promote flower bud differentiation as yet, and will be with lamp according to light filling in the seedbed.
(3), go up the basin field planting.The gold zone red gaint star generally needs 112～142 days from field planting to blooming, and to be February 14 (solar calendar) in the Spring Festival in 2010, can carry out field planting between on September 25th, 2009 (lunar calendar is before and after the Mid-autumn Festival)～October 25.Seven cun potted plant general 2～4 strains of holder/basins, that plants the mid-autumn can 2 strains/basin, 3～4 strains/basin of early and middle ten days field planting in September.To soil, water, apply fertilizer, control worm substantially with above-mentioned (3),
(4), (5), (6) each point requirement.
(4), pinching bud picking.Pinching can promote collateral generation, reaches the number that expection is bloomed, the height of controlled chrysanthemum strain and suitable delay florescence.Short between the Chrysanthemum Festival of all pinching morning, plant division is low, can make plant type attractive in appearance, and it is sturdy to grow.After the gold zone betrothal gifts of blooming the Spring Festival is planted to blooming, general pinching secondary, the pinching of field planting in preceding 105 days in the Spring Festival once, but save the pinching 2 times of field planting in preceding 125～136 days, but save the pinching 3 times of field planting in preceding 137～152 days, pinching for the first time after field planting 10～15 days, height of seedling 15～20cm, carry out when 6～7 leaves are arranged, stay base portion 3-4 sheet leaf; Carry out in the time of 95-105 in the Spring Festival days in distance for the second time, axillary bud sprouting length has 5～6 leaves of side shoot, extracts the top after staying 2～3 leaves on the side shoot.General every young plant pinching once can be sprouted 2～3 in branch, blooms 2-3, and the pinching secondary has branch 4-6 bar, blooms 3-5, if 3 strains of every basin, the pinching secondary, then every basin has branch more than 10, can bloom more than 8.When the side shoot after the last pinching grows to 15～20cm, select growth potential suitable, the height unanimity, the well-balanced branch in position keeps, and removes too strong, weak, high, short branch, and the sprouting that constantly sprouts between axil also will be erased at any time.
(5), light filling late blooming.Be delayed to the gold zone red gaint star that blooms the Spring Festival on February 14th, 2010, under the short-day condition, form bud for the chrysanthemum seedling that stops it not finish as yet to nourish and grow, must prolong illumination with the method for artificial light filling, continue to nourish and grow in made long-day condition, suppress chrysanthemum and bloom.The light filling time is 4 hours every night, o'clock is the light filling time with evening 20～24.The light filling fate did not wait with 40～60 days, accomplished to begin light filling after the chrysanthemum seedling was transplanted seedlings back 15 days, stopped lamp to December 9, promptly stopped lamp before the gold zone red gaint star bloomed preceding 65～67 days apart from Spring Festival February 14.
(6), florescence control: because of reasons such as weather, liquid manure, temperature, light filling times, florescence of regulation and control is occurred earlier or after error.As find that the florescence is too late, can spray gibberellin or plant precious element and carry out flower forcing; As the florescence too early, can be before the bud colour developing spray chlormequat (B9) 2-4 time, generally spray a B9 and can postpone about 7-8 of florescence days, weekly, the while waters more, the suitable suitable late blooming of method such as concealment.In addition, gold zone red because of plant than higher, available B9 downgrades, method is B9 of spray when height of seedling 20cm, carries out when bud is arranged for the second time.
2, the cultivation method of chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming during " three or eight " International Working Woman's Day:
(1), selects kind: beautiful gold.
Cuttage and seedling culture.Before the March 8, International Women's Day 132～152 days, in " March 8, International Women's Day " in 2010 be March 8 (solar calendar), can be between 8 days～October 28 October in 2009, select the sky fine, sunlight is arranged, when dew is dried, in beautiful golden aster maternal plant seedbed, select for use through clip 8～10cm spray in the healthy and strong lateral bud of sprouting after the pinching repeatedly, in the cool, Deng blade slightly withered after, pluck 2～4 pieces of blades in bottom, cut off next section of stipes base portion, the stipes base portion is handled with root element, can impel the chrysanthemum seedling to take root in advance, it is neat, multiple to guarantee root; Pinch the little native ball of about a 1～1.5Cm, encase the stipes base portion, insert in the coarse sand, water permeablely, keeps moistening, concealment, sprayed creature's sterilization, carry out the sterilizing disease-preventing measure; Generally under half shady environment, took root implanting and cultivating in a week as far as possible behind the root of hair approximately through 10～15 days.General is not need light filling in 10～15 day time of casting bed cuttage, because 10～15 days short-day after the pinching do not promote flower bud differentiation as yet, and will be with lamp according to light filling in the seedbed.
(3), go up the basin field planting.Beautiful golden aster generally needs 113～143 days from field planting to blooming, and in March 8 (solar calendar) in 2010, can carry out field planting between 23 days～October 30 October in 2009.Seven cun potted plant general 2～4 strains of holder/basins, the general 3 strains/basin that between 23 days～October 30 October in 2009, carries out field planting.To soil, water, apply fertilizer, control worm substantially with above-mentioned (3), (4), (5), (6) each point requirement.
(4), pinching bud picking.Pinching can promote collateral generation, reaches the number that expection is bloomed, the height of controlled chrysanthemum strain and suitable delay florescence.Short between the Chrysanthemum Festival of all pinching morning, plant division is low, can make plant type attractive in appearance, and it is sturdy to grow.After the March 8, International Women's Day beautiful golden aster field planting of blooming to blooming, general pinching two to three times, the pinching of l13 before the March 8, International Women's Day～123 day field planting once, but the pinching of March 8, International Women's Day field planting in preceding 124～135 days 2 times, but the pinching of March 8, International Women's Day field planting in preceding 140～143 days 3 times; Pinching for the first time after field planting 10～15 days, height of seedling 1520cm carries out when 6～7 leaves are arranged, and stays 3～4 leaves of base portion; Carried out when 103～113 days distance March 8, International Women's Days for the second time, axillary bud sprouting length has 6～7 leaves of side shoot, extracts the top after staying 2-3 sheet leaf on the side shoot.General every young plant pinching once can be sprouted 2～3 in branch, blooms 2～3, and the pinching secondary has 4～6 in branch, blooms 3～5, if 3 strains of every basin, the pinching secondary, then every basin has branch more than 10, can bloom more than 8.When the side shoot after the last pinching grows to 15-20cm, select growth potential suitable, the height unanimity, the well-balanced branch in position keeps, and removes too strong, weak, high, short branch, and the sprouting that constantly sprouts between axil also will be erased at any time.
(5), light filling late blooming.Be delayed to the beautiful golden aster that bloomed on March 8th, 2010, under the short-day condition, form bud for the chrysanthemum seedling that stops it not finish as yet to nourish and grow, must prolong illumination with the method for artificial light filling, continue to nourish and grow in made long-day condition, suppress chrysanthemum and bloom.The light filling time is 4 hours every night, o'clock is the light filling time with evening 20～24.The light filling fate did not wait with 45～65 days, accomplished to begin light filling after the chrysanthemum seedling was transplanted seedlings back 15 days, stopped lamp to December 27, stopped lamp before promptly blooming preceding 69～72 days in beautiful golden aster spur March 8, International Women's Day March 8.
(6), florescence control: because of reasons such as weather, liquid manure, temperature, light filling times, florescence of regulation and control is occurred earlier or after error.As find that the florescence is too late, can spray gibberellin or plant precious element and carry out flower forcing; As the florescence too early, can be before the bud colour developing spray chlormequat (B9) 2～4 times, generally spray a B9 and can postpone about 7～8 days of florescence, weekly, the while waters more, the suitable suitable late blooming of method such as concealment.In addition, the Ningbo Huang because of plant than higher, available B9 downgrades, method is B9 of spray when height of seedling 20cm, carries out when bud is arranged for the second time.
3, the cultivation method of chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming the Ching Ming Festival, during May Day:
(1), selects kind: big white lotus
Cuttage and seedling culture.Apart from clear and bright, preceding 154～180 days of May Day, in " Ching Ming Festival " in 2010 was that be May 1 (solar calendar) May Day April 5, can be between 1 day～November 8 November in 2009, select the sky fine, sunlight is arranged, when dew is dried, in big white lotus chrysanthemum maternal plant seedbed, select for use through clip 8～10cm spray in the healthy and strong lateral bud of sprouting after the pinching repeatedly, in the cool, Deng blade slightly withered after, pluck 2～4 pieces of blades in bottom, cut off next section of stipes base portion, the stipes base portion is handled with root element, can impel the chrysanthemum seedling to take root in advance, it is neat, multiple to guarantee root; Pinch the little native ball of about a 1～1.5Cm, encase the stipes base portion, insert in the coarse sand, water permeablely, keeps moistening, concealment, sprayed creature's sterilization, carry out the sterilizing disease-preventing measure; Generally under half shady environment, took root implanting and cultivating in a week as far as possible behind the root of hair approximately through 10～15 days.General is not need light filling in 10～15 day time of casting bed cuttage, because 10～15 days short-day after the pinching do not promote flower bud differentiation as yet, and will be with lamp according to light filling in the seedbed.
(3), go up the basin field planting.Big white lotus chrysanthemum generally needs 113～143 days from field planting to blooming, and in April 5 (solar calendar) in 2010, can carry out field planting between 15 days～November 23 November in 2009.Seven cun potted plant general 2-4 strain/basins of holder carry out general 3 strains of field planting/basin between 15 days～November 23 November in 2009.To soil, water, apply fertilizer, control worm substantially with above-mentioned (3), (4), (5), (6) each point requirement.
(4), pinching bud picking.Pinching can promote collateral generation, reaches the number that expection is bloomed, the height of controlled chrysanthemum strain and suitable delay florescence.Short between the Chrysanthemum Festival of all pinching morning, plant division is low, can make plant type attractive in appearance, and it is sturdy to grow.After the big white lotus chrysanthemum field planting of blooming on the Ching Ming Festival, May Day to blooming, general pinching three～four times, the pinching of Ching Ming Festival field planting in preceding 154 days three times, but the pinching of field planting in 155-180 days before May Day 3～4 times, pinching for the first time after field planting 10～15 days, height of seedling 15～20cm carries out when 6～7 leaves are arranged, and stays 3～4 leaves of base portion; Carry out when distance Ching Ming Festival l13～123 days for the second time, axillary bud sprouting length has 7～8 leaves of side shoot, extracts the top after staying 2～3 leaves on the side shoot.Pinching for the third time before distance Ching Ming Festival 83～93 days, the 4th pinching was distance before May Day 82～92 days: general every young plant pinching once can be sprouted 2～3 in branch, bloom 2～3, the pinching secondary has 4～6 in branch, bloom 3～5, if 3 strain of every basin, the pinching secondary, then every basin has branch more than 10, can bloom more than 8.When the side shoot after the last pinching grows to 18-22cm, select growth potential suitable, the height unanimity, the well-balanced branch in position keeps, and removes too strong, weak, high, short branch, and the sprouting that constantly sprouts between axil also will be erased at any time.
(5), light filling late blooming.Be delayed to the big white lotus chrysanthemum of blooming on April 5th, 2010 Ching Ming Festival, May Day, under the short-day condition, form bud for the chrysanthemum seedling that stops it not finish as yet to nourish and grow, must prolong illumination with the method for artificial light filling, continue to nourish and grow in made long-day condition, suppress chrysanthemum and bloom.The light filling time is 4 hours every night, o'clock is the light filling time with evening 20～24.The light filling fate did not wait with 59～75 days, accomplish after the chrysanthemum seedling was transplanted seedlings back 15 days, to begin light filling, to 18～February 14 in January front and back stop lamp, promptly before big white lotus chrysanthemum was bloomed apart from the Ching Ming Festival, May Day preceding 70～75 days, stop lamp.
(6), florescence control: because of reasons such as weather, liquid manure, temperature, light filling times, florescence of regulation and control is occurred earlier or after error.As find that the florescence is too late, can spray gibberellin or plant precious element and carry out flower forcing; As the florescence too early, can be before the bud colour developing spray chlormequat (B9) 2-4 time, generally spray a B9 and can postpone about 7～8 days of florescence, weekly, the while waters more, the suitable suitable late blooming of method such as concealment.In addition, big white lotus because of plant than higher, available B9 downgrades, method is B9 of spray when height of seedling 20cm, carries out when bud is arranged for the second time.
Claims (6)
1. the invention discloses the culture technique and the cultivation method of chrysanthemum, be the culture technique and the method for chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming specifically, it relates to chrysanthemum through different time culture technique and method, and chrysanthemum is not bloomed in the fall, but crosses over winter at fresh flower in full bloom in spring.The culture technique of potted chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming and method mainly comprise several different methods such as the environmental temperature of chrysanthemum plantation requires, the seed selection of chrysanthemum, cuttage and seedling culture, upward basin field planting, the irrigation of watering, applying fertilizer, pinching bud picking, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, slotting bamboo colligation, thin flower bud, florescence control.The light filling control flower technology of the particularly florescence of chrysanthemum control---chrysanthemum growth.By culture technique and the application of method of anti-season of chrysanthemum, make chrysanthemum during the major holidays such as the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival, International Working Women's Day, the Ching Ming Festival, May Day, bloom potted plant, season, motley chrysanthemum, it brings beauty and happiness for people's life, brings benefit for science and technology, society and economy.
2. its technical scheme of the claim of the culture technique of described chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming and cultivation method: the chrysanthemum of let us cultivation is by changing autumn culture spring into, and blooming for make it stride across winter in autumn end the script chrysanthemum is bright-coloured chrysanthemum in full bloom in spring.
3. its content of the claim of the culture technique of described chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming and cultivation method comprises: the environmental temperature requirement of cultivating chrysanthemum, several different methods such as the seed selection of chrysanthemum, cuttage and seedling culture, upward basin field planting, the irrigation of watering, applying fertilizer, pinching bud picking, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, slotting bamboo colligation, thin flower bud, florescence control.The light filling control flower technology of the particularly florescence of chrysanthemum control---chrysanthemum growth.
4. the environmental temperature of its plantation of claim of the culture technique of described chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming and cultivation method requires: in autumn, winter, spring, the environmental temperature of cultivation spring chrysanthemum in full bloom should be higher than more than 10 ℃, it is between 15 ℃～25 ℃ that best room temperature remains on, autumn, winter, spring cultivation environment should select lee side on the sunny side, with the abundance at sunshine, have the brooder of light filling facility or plastic tunnel for well.
5. its cultivar of the claim of the culture technique of described chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming and cultivation method is optional: yellow class: the cured Huang of plate, Ningbo Huang, platform Huang, Huang Xiufeng, Wuxi Huang, pink group: all round victory, peony, platform is red, Luoyang is red, the Dongguan is red, gold zone is red, spotted cat chrysanthemum, Guangzhou are red, the green silk ball of other optional greens such as white optional FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China, big white lotus, golden beautiful gold and variegated some gold, some silver, 18 Misses etc.
6. its florescence control of the claim of the culture technique of described chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming and method.This is the culture technique and the most key technology of breeding method of chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming.
1., the normal florescence of chrysanthemum in the fall, open in mid or late November.Zhejiang area generally enters late August, and behind lunar calendar Limit of Heat solar term, the sunshine time shortens, change short-day over to, finished through 40 days approximately and carry out flower bud differentiation, this moment, naked eyes be cannot see, grow up, pregnant flower bud, develop the color, bloom, through about 40 days buds again so about 80 days chrysanthemums just can be bloomed by pregnant flower bud after the short-day.
2., light filling late blooming.Be delayed to the chrysanthemum such as the Ching Ming Festival, " May Day " International Labour Day of Spring Festival of early and middle ten days in late January to February or early Febuary to Lantern Festival of early March, International Working Women's Day to early April, not finish the chrysanthemum seedling of nourishing and growing as yet and under the short-day condition, form bud in order to stop, must prolong illumination with the method for artificial light filling, continue to nourish and grow in made long-day condition, suppress chrysanthemum and bloom.
3., the light filling time: generally after " flower order " goes up basin field planting first quarter moon, promptly will begin to carry out light filling; Simultaneously, the ground chrysanthemum maternal plant of planting also will carry out light filling.General light filling 4 hours, with evening during 20-24 light filling be best effects, available micro computer time-controlled switch is controlled opening and closing automatically.Late into the night of fine, cloudy day, rainy day all should lamp according to light filling, bulb, lampshade will be carried out rainproof and anti-leak shock work, if when burning out bulb or electric light and not working, in time more change the bulb or maintenance thread way switch etc.
4., electric light is installed: make pillar with bamboo bar or wooden stick, connect the 220V electric consumption on lighting, outdoor electric wire connects with copper core polyvinyl chloride insulating flexible cable (BV), selects screw socket waterproof incandescent lamp bulb (36V for use, 40W or 60W), connect relatively power saving, 5-6 lamp/group with series process, can connect 5 lamp/groups as voltage is low, lamp apart from long 30 meters * wide 3 meters, lamp is from the high 1.5-1.8 rice of pelvic surface of sacrum, average 100-120 basin/lamp.
5., stop the lamp time: that plants after the Mid-autumn Festival will not wait by general light filling at the chrysanthemum that the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival bloom in 40-60 days, stopped lamp to the Spring Festival inverse 65-80 days the time, i.e. lunar calendar the middle ten days and the last ten days in October.Each principal item stop behind the lamp to the Spring Festival the required fate of blooming gather as follows: peony, spotted cat chrysanthemum, green silk ball, yellow elegant phoenix 80-82 days; Yellow 79-81 days of Wuxi; All round victory 76-77 days; The red 74-76 of platform days; Red, the beautiful golden 69-72 in Luoyang days; FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China, Guangzhou are red, the yellow 70-72 in Ningbo days; The cured yellow 67-70 of plate days; Some gold, the red 65-67 of gold zone days.
The Zhe Beidiqu lower as temperature can suitably shift to an earlier date 3-5 days and stop lamp.Just need be if want to be deferred to the Lantern Festival even the 3-4 month with spending, stopping the lamp time more than can complying with postpones successively and just can realize, but being implemented in, kind such as have only the cured Huang of plate, gold zone is red, platform is red, the Dongguan is red still can bloom the 3-4 month, other kind might be able to not form bud or can not normal growth, may be different with temperature and sunshine relevant, can utilize light frost of spring to the temperature intervention of chrysanthemum impel chrysanthemum spring pregnant flower bud bloom.
6., florescence control: because of reasons such as weather, liquid manure, temperature, light filling times, florescence of regulation and control is occurred earlier or after error.As find that the florescence is too late, can spray gibberellin or plant precious element and carry out flower forcing; As the florescence too early, can be before the bud colour developing spray chlormequat (B9) 2-4 time, generally spray a B9 and can postpone about 7-8 of florescence days, weekly, the while waters more, the suitable suitable late blooming of method such as concealment.In addition, the yellow and peony in Ningbo because of plant than higher, available B9 downgrades, method is B9 of spray when height of seedling 20cm, carry out the second time when bud is arranged.
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| CN105474970B (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2018-07-13 | 云南丰岛花卉有限公司 | A kind of production method of the small chrysanthemum of mini potting |
| CN105766409A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-07-20 | 南京农业大学 | Method for promoting flowering of chrysanthemums through saccharose treatment |
| CN105794584A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-07-27 | 刘玉峰 | Potted fruit tree, soft-seed pomegranate and chrysanthemum three-crop interplanting method in greenhouse planting |
| CN107006273A (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2017-08-04 | 广西农业职业技术学院 | It is a kind of to interrupt the method that dark phase light filling delay dragon fruit is bloomed |
| CN107493924A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-22 | 界首市方辉家庭农场 | A kind of cultural method for lifting chrysanthemum healthy nutritive value |
| CN114885740A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-08-12 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for improving consistency of finished miniature Chinese rose flowers |
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