CN105084993A - Fertilization method for chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat - Google Patents
Fertilization method for chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat Download PDFInfo
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- CN105084993A CN105084993A CN201510638042.2A CN201510638042A CN105084993A CN 105084993 A CN105084993 A CN 105084993A CN 201510638042 A CN201510638042 A CN 201510638042A CN 105084993 A CN105084993 A CN 105084993A
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Abstract
The invention provides a fertilization method for chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. The fertilization method comprises the following steps: (1) applying 3-5 kg of monoammonium phosphate and 1.5-2 kg of potassium hydrogen sulfate to per mu of a large field, and then transplanting cutting seedlings into the large field; (2) performing pinching for the first time when the height of the seedlings is 25 cm, 15-20 days later, performing pinching for the second time, and another 15-20 days later, performing pinching for the third time, and respectively spraying calcium superphosphate to leaf surfaces of plants after the second-time pinching and third-time pinching, wherein 200-300 g of calcium superphosphate added with 30-50 kg of water is sprayed in per mu each time; (3), after budding, applying leaf fertilizer to leaf surfaces of plants once every other 8-10 days, wherein 200-300 g of calcium superphosphate added with 30-50 kg of water and 150-200 g of potassium hydrogen sulfate added with 20-50 kg of water are sprayed in per mu each time. The chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat planted by using the method has the advantages that the content of chlorogenic acid and the content of flavonoids are relatively high, and the quality is good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, be specifically related to a kind of fertilizing method of chrysanthemum.
Background technology
Chrysanthemum is the dry capitulum of composite family per nnial herb chrysanthemum ChrysanthemummorifoliumRamat, for clinical conventional Chinese medicine, there is effect of dispelling wind, heat-clearing, improving eyesight, removing toxic substances, be used for the treatment of common cold due to wind-heat, have a headache dizzy, conjunctival congestion with pain and swelling of the eye, eyes are dim-sighted.Chrysanthemum is mainly containing Multiple components such as volatile oil, chrysanthemum glycosides, amino acid, flavones and chlorogenic acids, and wherein total flavones and chlorogenic acid are principle active component.Total flavones has hypotensive, coronary artery dilator, prevents the effects such as coronary atherosclerosis, is used for the treatment of hypertension and coronary heart disease clinically, chlorogenic acid have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, expand multiple effect such as hat lipopenicillinase, hepatic cholagogic etc.Flavonoid compound is 15 carbon compounds that two aromatic nucleus are got up by three carbon bridgings, its structure is from two different biosynthetic pathways, namely the phenylalanine generated by shikimic acid pathway, generate coumaric acyl CoA through phenylpropyl alcohol alkane pathways metabolism under the effect of the enzymes such as PAL, then, the malonyl-CoA generated by acetate-melonate pathway with three under the effect of chalcone synthase enters flavonoid route of synthesis and generates cinnamophenone, then under the effect of other relevant enzyme such as enzyme, namely chalcone isomerase, change into other various flavonoid compounds.And chlorogenic acid is synthesized by shikimic acid pathway, namely the phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) of glycolysis-generation and the D-E4P effect of pentose-phosphate pathway generation form the Arabic heptanone saccharic acid of intermediate product 3-deoxidation-D--7-phosphoric acid, further cyclisation production important intermediate shikimic acid.Shikimic acid again with PEP effect, form 3-enolpyruvylshikimate-5-phosphoric acid, slough Pi, form chorismic acid, chorismic acid is the important pivot material of shikimic acid pathway, and it is first form prephenic acid later, phenylalanine is formed through transamination, then under the effect of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), separate ammonia form styracin, and can form various phenylpropionic acid further by it, its Content of Chlorogenic Acid is synthesized with transforming by erythrose-4-phosphate the quininic acid produced together by coffic acid.The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2005 editions) is using the testing index of chlorogenic acid as chrysanthemum quality, and when it is generally acknowledged that chlorogenic acid and flavones composition is all high, chrysanthemum quality can become high-quality.Along with promulgation and the enforcement of " Good Agricultural Practices ", fertilising and soil fertility receive publicity day by day on the research that quality of medicinal material affects.The fertilizing management of current chrysanthemum exists random, and unreasonable fertilising phenomenon is very general, and its result causes chrysanthemum output not high, and quality is unstable.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves is to provide a kind of fertilizing method of high-quality chrysanthemum, and the method can improve the content of chrysanthemum Content of Chlorogenic Acid and total flavones greatly.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is a kind of fertilizing method of chrysanthemum, comprises the following steps:
1) apply 3 ~ 5kg monoammonium phosphate and 1.5 ~ 2kg sal enixum toward large Tanaka by every mu, then cuttage seeding is moved into land for growing field crops;
2) when height of seedling carries out first time pinching to during 25cm, second time pinching is carried out after 15 ~ 20d, interval 15 ~ 20d carries out third time pinching again, after second time and third time pinching, to plant foliage-spray calcium superphosphate, every mu sprays 200 ~ 300g calcium superphosphate to water 30 ~ 50kg at every turn;
3), after buddingging, to plant foliage-spray foliage fertilizer once, every mu sprays 200 ~ 300g calcium superphosphate to water 30 ~ 50kg to every 8 ~ 10d at every turn, and 150 ~ 200g sal enixum is to water 20 ~ 50kg.
Step 1) in, apply base fertilizer toward large Tanaka, N is fertile passable with the disposable applying of base fertilizer form.
Step 2) in, pluck the top heart for three times to promote branch, second time and third time pinching after, the activity of PAL and CHI two kinds of enzymes can be strengthened foliage-spray P, Ca fertilizer, promote that the product that phenylalanine is separated after ammonia through PAL is walked thus the flavones improved in plant body and chlorogenic acid content to flavones and the anabolic approach of chlorogenic acid.
Step 3) in, continue to impose P, Ca after buddingging fertile, and it is fertile as K to impose sal enixum, sal enixum can promote the anabolism of flavones and chlorogenic acid in plant body.Owing to not imposing N fertilizer, plant is slight nitrogen stress, the change of branch's approach of phenylpropyl alcohol alkane secondary metabolism process in the later stage can be avoided to apply plant body that N fertilizer brings, to promote the secondary anabolism of flavones and chlorogenic acid in plant body.After buddingging, interval 8 ~ 10d imposes above-mentioned fertilizer, can also promote that the flavones in plant cauline leaf and chlorogenic acid move towards reproductive organ, increases the content of flavones and chlorogenic acid in chrysanthemum head inflorescence further.
As preferably, step 2) in, after second time and third time pinching, plant enters flower bud differentiation period, now growth increment (mainly cauline leaf) reaches peak, metabolism (comprising nascent metabolism and secondary metabolism) is the most vigorous, nascent metabolism generates a large amount of prerequisite materials for carrying out secondary metabolism, in 3 ~ 5 days after spraying peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers at every turn, every day, rear employing light intensity was the light illumination 1 ~ 2h of 1500-2000lx at nightfall, and secondary metabolism can be stimulated to synthesize flavones.
Step 3) in, after entering the florescence, the increment of the reproductive organ of plant peaks, now the metabolism (comprising nascent metabolism and secondary metabolism) of reproductive organ is the most vigorous, nascent metabolism generates a large amount of prerequisite materials for carrying out secondary metabolism, every day, rear employing light intensity was the light illumination 1 ~ 2h of 1500 ~ 2000lx at nightfall, secondary metabolism can be stimulated to synthesize flavones, and promote that Flavone moves towards head inflorescence, to improve flavones content in chrysanthemum head inflorescence.
Described light source is white light source or ultraviolet source.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1) the present invention is fertile with the disposable applying N of base fertilizer form, cause the fertile slight disappearance of later stage N, the later stage can be avoided to apply the change of branch's approach of phenylpropyl alcohol alkane secondary metabolism process in the fertile plant body brought of N, to promote the secondary anabolism of the aldehydes matter such as flavones and chlorogenic acid in plant body.
2) after buddingging, add that P, Ca are fertile and K is fertile, not only can promote the synthesis of chlorogenic acid and Flavonoid substances, can also promote that reproductive organ migration kept in mind by the flavones in plant cauline leaf and chlorogenic acid, greatly improve the content of flavones and chlorogenic acid in chrysanthemum head inflorescence.
3) adopt the weak light source illumination prolongation sunshine duration that secondary metabolism can be stimulated to synthesize flavones, greatly improve the content of flavones in plant, and promote that Flavone is towards capitate migration.
Embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated for following specific embodiment, but not as a limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
1) apply 3kg monoammonium phosphate and 1.5kg sal enixum toward large Tanaka by every mu, then cuttage seeding is moved into land for growing field crops;
2) when height of seedling carries out first time pinching to during 25cm, carry out second time pinching after 15d, then interval 15d carries out third time pinching, after second time and third time pinching, to plant foliage-spray peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers once, at every turn every mu spray 200g calcium superphosphate to water 30kg;
3), after buddingging, to plant foliage-spray foliage fertilizer once, every mu sprays 200g calcium superphosphate to water 30kg to every 8d at every turn, and 150g sal enixum is to water 20kg;
4) when fickle in love scatter 2/3 time can gather.
Control group example
1) apply 3kg monoammonium phosphate and 1.5kg sal enixum toward large Tanaka by every mu, then cuttage seeding is moved into land for growing field crops;
2) when height of seedling carries out first time pinching to during 25cm, after 15d, carry out second time pinching, then interval 15d carries out third time pinching, after third time pinching, impose 1kg monoammonium phosphate and 0.5kg sal enixum by every mu;
3), after buddingging, 1kg monoammonium phosphate and 0.5kg sal enixum is imposed by every mu;
4) when fickle in love scatter 2/3 time can gather.
Embodiment 2
1) apply 5kg monoammonium phosphate and 2kg sal enixum toward large Tanaka by every mu, then cuttage seeding is moved into land for growing field crops;
2) when height of seedling carries out first time pinching to during 25cm, carry out second time pinching after 20d, then interval 20d carries out third time pinching, after second time and third time pinching, to plant foliage-spray peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers once, at every turn every mu spray 300g calcium superphosphate to water 50kg;
3), after buddingging, to plant foliage-spray foliage fertilizer once, every mu sprays 300g calcium superphosphate to water 50kg to every 10d at every turn, and 200g sal enixum is to water 50kg;
4) when fickle in love scatter 2/3 time can gather.
Embodiment 3
1) apply 4kg monoammonium phosphate and 2kg sal enixum toward large Tanaka by every mu, then cuttage seeding is moved into land for growing field crops;
2) when height of seedling carries out first time pinching to during 25cm, carry out second time pinching after 18d, then interval 18d carries out third time pinching, after second time and third time pinching, to plant foliage-spray peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers once, at every turn every mu spray 250g calcium superphosphate to water 40kg; In 4 days after spraying peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers, every day, rear employing light intensity was white light source or the ultraviolet source illumination 1h of 1500lx at nightfall at every turn.
3), after buddingging, to plant foliage-spray foliage fertilizer once, every mu sprays 250g calcium superphosphate to water 40kg to every 9d at every turn, and 170g sal enixum is to water 30kg;
4) when fickle in love scatter 2/3 time can gather.
Embodiment 4
1) apply 4kg monoammonium phosphate and 2kg sal enixum toward large Tanaka by every mu, then cuttage seeding is moved into land for growing field crops;
2) when height of seedling carries out first time pinching to during 25cm, carry out second time pinching after 18d, then interval 18d carries out third time pinching, after second time and third time pinching, to plant foliage-spray peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers once, at every turn every mu spray 250g calcium superphosphate to water 40kg; In 4 days after spraying peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers, every day, rear employing light intensity was white light source or the ultraviolet source illumination 2h of 2000lx at nightfall at every turn.
3), after buddingging, to plant foliage-spray foliage fertilizer once, every mu sprays 250g calcium superphosphate to water 40kg to every 9d at every turn, and 170g sal enixum is to water 30kg;
4) when fickle in love scatter 2/3 time can gather.
Embodiment 5
1) apply 3kg monoammonium phosphate and 2kg sal enixum toward large Tanaka by every mu, then cuttage seeding is moved into land for growing field crops;
2) when height of seedling carries out first time pinching to during 25cm, carry out second time pinching after 15d, then interval 20d carries out third time pinching, after second time and third time pinching, to plant foliage-spray peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers once, at every turn every mu spray 200g calcium superphosphate to water 50kg; In 3 days after spraying peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers, every day, rear employing light intensity was white light source or the ultraviolet source illumination 1h of 2000lx at nightfall at every turn.
3), after buddingging, to plant foliage-spray foliage fertilizer once, every mu sprays 200g calcium superphosphate to water 50kg to every 10d at every turn, and 150g sal enixum is to water 50kg; After entering the florescence, every day, rear employing light intensity was white light source or the ultraviolet source illumination 2h of 1500lx at nightfall.
4) when fickle in love scatter 2/3 time can gather.
Embodiment 6
1) apply 3kg monoammonium phosphate and 2kg sal enixum toward large Tanaka by every mu, then cuttage seeding is moved into land for growing field crops;
2) when height of seedling carries out first time pinching to during 25cm, carry out second time pinching after 15d, then interval 20d carries out third time pinching, after second time and third time pinching, to plant foliage-spray peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers once, at every turn every mu spray 200g calcium superphosphate to water 50kg; In 3 days after spraying peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers, every day, rear employing light intensity was white light source or the ultraviolet source illumination 1h of 2000lx at nightfall at every turn.
3), after buddingging, to plant foliage-spray foliage fertilizer once, every mu sprays 200g calcium superphosphate to water 50kg to every 10d at every turn, and 150g sal enixum is to water 50kg; After entering the florescence, every day, rear employing light intensity was white light source or the ultraviolet source illumination 2h of 1500lx at nightfall.
4) when fickle in love scatter 2/3 time can gather.
Experimental example
Test and carry out in certain chrysanthemum planting base of dragon victory, Guilin City, topsoil soils basic physical and chemical is: organic carbon 7.57g/kg, full nitrogen 0.78g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 61.9mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 18.9mg/kg, available potassium 136.6mg/kg, pH value 8.35 (water logging).Examination chrysanthemum is supplied to be red heart chrysanthemum (ChrysanthemummorifoliumRamat.).
Will for the random partition arrangement in examination land for growing field crops, establish 7 communities altogether, be respectively experimental group 1 ~ 6 and control group, each plot area is 2m
2, every community field planting 16 strain, establishes protective bag around, and protection row is established in minizone.Transplant on May 25th, 2014, experimental group 1 ~ 6 is applied fertilizer according to the method for embodiment 1 ~ 6, control group applies fertilizer according to the method for reference examples, on November 25th, 2014, chrysanthemum inflorescence was gathered end, then whole strain results chrysanthemum cauline leaf, add up the dry mass of chrysanthemum inflorescence and cauline leaf respectively, concrete outcome is in table 1.Soil, fertilizer basic physical and chemical conveniently analytical procedure measure, and chrysanthemum total flavone content colorimetric method for determining, chlorogenic acid content HPLC method measures.
The chrysanthemum total flavone of table 1 different fertilization and the impact of chlorogenic acid content
As seen from the above table, in experimental group 1 ~ 6, the total flavones of plant inflorescence and cauline leaf and chlorogenic acid content are all higher than control group, in experimental group 5 and 6, in inflorescence, general flavone content is the highest, but in cauline leaf general flavone content comparatively experimental group 3,4 decrease, this caused because total flavones in cauline leaf is transferred to inflorescence.
Claims (4)
1. a fertilizing method for chrysanthemum, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) apply 3 ~ 5kg monoammonium phosphate and 1.5 ~ 2kg sal enixum toward large Tanaka by every mu, then cuttage seeding is moved into land for growing field crops;
2) when height of seedling carries out first time pinching to during 25cm, second time pinching is carried out after 15 ~ 20d, interval 15 ~ 20d carries out third time pinching again, after second time and third time pinching, to plant foliage-spray calcium superphosphate, every mu sprays 200 ~ 300g calcium superphosphate to water 30 ~ 50kg at every turn;
3), after buddingging, to plant foliage-spray foliage fertilizer once, every mu sprays 200 ~ 300g calcium superphosphate to water 30 ~ 50kg to every 8 ~ 10d at every turn, and 150 ~ 200g sal enixum is to water 20 ~ 50kg.
2. the fertilizing method of a kind of chrysanthemum according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 2) in, in 3 ~ 5 days after spraying peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers, every day, rear employing light intensity was the light illumination 1 ~ 2h of 1500 ~ 2000lx at nightfall at every turn.
3. the fertilizing method of a kind of chrysanthemum according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 3) in, after entering the florescence, every day, rear employing light intensity was the light illumination 1 ~ 2h of 1500 ~ 2000lx at nightfall.
4. the fertilizing method of a kind of chrysanthemum according to Claims 2 or 3, is characterized in that: described light source is white light source or ultraviolet source.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201011650Y (en) * | 2007-02-05 | 2008-01-23 | 吴清风 | Energy-saving lamp for regulating chrysanthemum growth |
| CN101755582A (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2010-06-30 | 孔赟荣 | Chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming cultivation technique and method |
| CN104068140A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-10-01 | 河北大学 | Method for increasing content of chlorogenic acid in chrysanthemum inflorescences |
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2015
- 2015-09-30 CN CN201510638042.2A patent/CN105084993A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201011650Y (en) * | 2007-02-05 | 2008-01-23 | 吴清风 | Energy-saving lamp for regulating chrysanthemum growth |
| CN101755582A (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2010-06-30 | 孔赟荣 | Chrysanthemum out-of-season blooming cultivation technique and method |
| CN104068140A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-10-01 | 河北大学 | Method for increasing content of chlorogenic acid in chrysanthemum inflorescences |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| 孟繁罡: "菊花的抑制栽培管理", 《黑龙江科技信息》 * |
| 廖红梅 等: "药用菊花高产栽培技术要点", 《南方园艺》 * |
| 申建波 等主编: "《植物营养研究方法》", 31 May 2011, 中国农业大学出版社 * |
| 董娟娥 等著: "《植物次生代谢与调控》", 31 July 2009, 西北农林科技大学出版社 * |
| 郭忠义 主编: "《菊谱》", 30 September 2012, 中国社会出版社 * |
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Application publication date: 20151125 |