CN108207615A - A kind of three incross rapeseed method - Google Patents
A kind of three incross rapeseed method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
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Abstract
The invention belongs to crossbreeding technology fields, disclose a kind of three incross rapeseed method, the selection method on integrated production of hybrid seeds ground, the method for cropping pattern, mechanical intertillage management method, florescence control method, it influences on optimum sowing time, with kind of a quantity, planting patterns, planting density, plantation proportioning, Fertilization Level, height above sea level, play a kind of sedge period height, florescence control, fertilizing method, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, weeds control optimization and screens, carry out three incross rapeseed.The present invention produces high-quality high oleic acid cross-bred rape breeding and meets production demonstration demand, have demoncal ration effect to establishing high oleic acid hybrid rape seed base of the safety for kind；Cenospecies per mu yield reaches 150 kilograms, and seed pure keeping technology, purity reaches 90%, reaches the advanced level of leading, domestic precocious high oleic acid hybrid rape seed inside the province.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crossbreeding technology field more particularly to a kind of three incross rapeseed methods.
The present invention relates to the selection methods on production of hybrid seeds ground, a kind of method of cropping pattern, machinery that three are the napus hybrid production of hybrid seeds
Intertillage management method, florescence control method etc..
Background technology
Three-tine hybrid rape：It is made of respectively " sterile line ", " maintainer " and " restorer ", " sterile line " stamen moves back
Change, selfing cannot be solid, it is necessary to relying on external source pollen, it could be solid, and " sterile line " hybridizes the seed of production with " restorer ",
It is hybrid seed.
With the present invention the shortcomings that most like prior art implementation, the prior art：
First, the sterile line of three line for hybrid seed production, which is mainly derived from China's rapeseed breeding man seventies, finds " Bo Lima " oil
Dish, the sterile properties of the sterile line is since climate influences, when sterile line enters reproductive growth to the florescence, if current year temperature is low,
Sterile plant is on the contrary then micro mist is less there are micro mist, and present CMS line does not overcome the problems, such as micro mist, large area system completely yet
Kind quality declines.
Second is that emphasize isolation environment and most production of hybrid seeds height above sea level it is excessively high (1200 meters or more), production of hybrid seeds florescence is easily damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature,
Breeding time extends, and influences succession crop sowing；
Third, restorer (male parent) and sterile line (female parent) production of hybrid seeds allocation ratio are excessive, 1 is commonly used:1、1:2, sterile line mu
4000-6000 plants of ratios of density are low, to be cut off after the male parent florescence, and only sterile line can generate cenospecies, maternal few influence
Hybrid seed production yields；
Fourth, waiting line-spacings sowing, line-spacing 50cm is commonly used, pollination rate is low, then close and influence growth, and can not weeding by machine's training
Soil, artificial weeding ridging are of high cost；
Fifth, growing naturally, restorer and sterile line florescence spreadability be not strong, meets insufficient, reduces pollination rate, shadow
Cenospecies yield is rung.
Invention content
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of three incross rapeseed methods.The present invention's
Three incross rapeseed technology using experiment and demonstration base as platform, based on agro-technician, most preferably broadcast
Phase, with kind of a quantity, precision drilling, planting density ratio, machine applications, Fertilization Level, fertilizing method, florescence control, rich water pipe
The cultivation techniques analysis of experiments such as reason, solve that the hybrid seed yield that occurs in production is relatively low, of high cost, seed production quality is not high asks
Topic, it is integrated to invent a set of economical and practical three incross rapeseed method, provide technology for the large area napus hybrid production of hybrid seeds
Support.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of three incross rapeseed method, the three incross rapeseed method
The selection method on integrated production of hybrid seeds ground, the method for cropping pattern, mechanical intertillage management method, florescence control method, to most preferably broadcasting
Phase, with kind of a quantity, planting patterns, planting density, plantation proportioning, Fertilization Level, height above sea level influence, beat a kind of sedge period height, florescence tune
Control, fertilizing method, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, weeds control optimization and screening, carry out three incross rapeseed.
Further, the selection method on the production of hybrid seeds ground includes：
North latitude is selected to be less than 24.5 °, subtropical zone Dong Zuo areas, height above sea level is less than 1000 meters, and winter illumination is sufficient, the most cold moon is put down
Equal temperature is more than 10 DEG C, and the florescence, isolation condition was good naturally, is ringed on three sides by mountains without generation is damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature, preceding to make non-crucifer, soil
Matter is loose, and the good arable land of irrigation and drainage is as rape seed base.
Further, the method for the cropping pattern includes：
Late October to early November plows and once waits to broadcast, and broadcasts first 15 days analysis soil moisture situations；
Soil moisture content is controlled before broadcasting, sowing the previous day rakes the soil level twice；
Late October to early November is sowed using the Parent same period, opens seed furrow, ditch depth 5cm, small line-spacing 40cm, big
Line-spacing 70cm, 8 4.4 meters of rows are a moisture in the soil, and direction of ploughing the first furrow as a guideline is vertical with wind direction；
Mineral water bottle is taken, by bottle cap drill straight diameter 6mm circular holes, is put into seed, seed piles 4/5 space of bottle, makes every time
Program request falls 6-8 seeds, with the pool away from the uniform paces program requests of 20-25cm, broadcasts rear cover soil thickness 2-3cm；
Improve sterile line female parent density, parental 2:6,40 grams of mu sowing quantity male parent is 120 grams maternal；
The base fertilizer mu amount of applying is 15 kilograms of composite fertilizer, 20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 2 kilograms of borax, is spread fertilizer over the fields after mixing in seed furrow
Interior sowing；
Soil moisture is sowed up to 65%, and envelope is sprayed with 150ml/ mus of the pendimethalin of component content 33% after sowing blinding
Grass；
7 days after broadcasting, after emergence, it is primary that mu with 2% abamectin emulsifiable concentrates of 15ml sprays prevention flea beetle；
30 days after broadcasting, final singling, 2500 plants/acre of male parent density is 10000 plants/acre maternal, and final singling is after fine day afternoon, small row
8,000 grams/acre of urea are spread fertilizer over the fields away from；
35 days after broadcasting, disease is controlled.
Further, mechanical intertillage management method includes：
The after planting 40 days Parent same period analyzed soil moisture, pours water primary, fills soon soon arrange, no ponding；
After pouring water 1-2 days, bolting fertilizer is applied, 10 kilograms of composite fertilizer of mu, 20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate are spread fertilizer over the fields in wide row space two
Side rapeseed plants are close to root；
Wide row space is ditched, ditch depth 10cm, is removed weeds and is completed ridging；
It broadcasts latter 50-55 days, with 100 grams/acre of 25% carbendazol wettable powder, is watered 30L and sprays foliar control downy mildew
Disease；With 30ml/ mus of 5% imidacloprid missible oil, spray bud in bud stage and prevent eliminating aphis, Post flowering then no longer sprays.
Further, the florescence control method includes：
Male parent grows into the flat-top phase, and 1 is made a call to every 3~4 plants, removes main inflorescence and following 3~4 branched inflorescence, extends father
This florescence increases male parent flower number and pollen amount；
After Parent enters initial bloom stage, mu is spread fertilizer over the fields with 2 kilograms of urea in the small line-spacing of male parent, increases paternal plant nutrition,
Improve pollen amount, the extension male parent florescence is longer than female parent；
Squaring period and initial bloom stage ,+0.1% happy boron of speed of 0.8% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of Parent foliage-spray are secondary；
Into full-bloom stage, a water is filled, fills soon soon arranges, no longer pour water later；The generation or control of the maternal micro mist of control
Florescence is neat, prevents unlimited Flowering Phenomenon；
Roguing measure is through entire production of hybrid seeds process；Male parent is cut off in advance after the florescence；Next year mid or late March,
It when maternal silique 70% -80% becomes yellowish-brown, is gathered in, and dried in high stake, threshing using high stake.
The three incross rapeseed technology of the present invention, realizes the synchronized update of kind and technology, is product to multiple three
The kind production of hybrid seeds is applicable in, and masses' reflection is fine, and technology is easily mastered, and seed quality is controllable, and human error is small, and mechanical applies
A large amount of human cost has been saved during the production of hybrid seeds, has obtained wide popularization and application, while revolutionize peasant household's extensive management,
The problem of large area production of hybrid seeds quality decline.
The existing seeding technique sowing climate and other natural phenomena of a season is most too early in 9-10 the first tenday period of a month month, at this time temperature height, and growing way is prosperous, conducive to strong sprout
It is overwintering, but initial bloom stage is also corresponding relatively early after year, and temperature is relatively low at this time, and sterile line, which has, generates micro mist trend, and seed production purity is influenced
It is quite big.Research show that three-tine hybrid rape micro mist problem can try every possible means in production of hybrid seeds cultivation technique now for we, first, broadcasting
Phase postpones till October 25 to November 10, and in (1000 meters) subtropical zone, low altitude area areas, initial bloom stage temperature is high and stablizes, and can have
Effect reduces early spring sterile line micro mist amount, greatly improves seed purity.Second is that control sterile line trophosome (plant) cannot be excessive,
Key point (1) late sowing can be with the increment before suitable control year；(2) fertilizer early period abundance ensures that strong sprout is overwintering, infertility after just spending
System's not nitrogen fertilizer application, avoids causing remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing, and single plant seriously returns flower when solid insufficient, reduces seed commodity performance and bud ratio；
(3) increase density, improve sterile line mu density to 10000 plants.Moreover, breeding time be no more than 150 days, not under the influence of stubble spring
Crop is planted on time, very significant.Totally decline there are three-tine hybrid rape seed quality these years, many triple crossings
Rape is done well in being tried in area, to problem is occurred as soon as when being widely applied, has plant part performance to open little Hua, no in crop field
It is solid, and be that this little Hua reaches rape maturation always, it has no serious problem to yield, as long as opening the plant of little Hua up to 5% or so,
Just quite ugly, common people are difficult to receive.
The present invention was analyzed by the seeding technique of 9 years, was won initial success.The three incross rapeseed technology application of invention
Example：It on March 11st, 2016 is presided over by Yunnan Provincial Department of Agriculture and invites agricultural technology extension master station of province, seed control station of province etc.
Domestic pharmaceutical industry authoritative expert checks and accepts identification.It is innovated by mechanism innovation, Item increasing, selection proper combination, integrated technology, it is real
Showed miscellaneous No. 15 of 12 mu of clouds oil in flakes the production of hybrid seeds, within the 150 days time of infertility, per mu yield reach 179.91 kilograms of kipeming high yield system
Kind is horizontal, achieves the important breakthrough of our province low altitude area area (less than 1000 meters) cross-bred rape high-yield seeds production technique, belongs to miscellaneous inside the province
The top standard of rape seed technical research is handed over, reaches the first water inlet of domestic OguCMS system precocity hybrid rape seed
It is flat.
It in three incross rapeseed technology on March 10th, 2017 of the present invention, is presided over by Yunnan Provincial Department of Agriculture and invites province
The domestic pharmaceutical industries authoritative expert such as academy of agricultural sciences checks and accepts identification.Research be integrated with " the Parent proper seeding tune florescence, control it is close rush strong sprout,
Whole impurity elimination pure keeping degree, aphid prevention and control Forward promotees pollination, male parent interlacing beats tongue and prolongs the florescence, mechanical-assisted cost declining " it is core
Supporting technology effectively improves hybrid seed yield, reduces breeding cost, and (Wild cabbage type double-low rapeseed has both high oleic acid content hybrid seeding
It is more difficult).By innovation mechanism, integrate project, explore high oleic acid cross-bred rape our province low altitude area area (1000 meters with
Under) high yield matched breeding technology, realize 155.3 kilograms of 12 mu of high oleic acid hybrid rape seeds, the 148 days time of infertility, per mu yield systems
Kind yield belongs to leading inside the province, domestic similar research advanced level, to expand seed production reserve technology.
The present invention uses wide-narrow row planting to provide facility for machinery ridging, and cost is greatly reduced using machinery.
Artificial mechanism compares unit：Per acre
542.5 yuan are saved per acre.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram of cropping pattern in three incross rapeseed method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to this hair
It is bright to be further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
Existing kind (miscellaneous No. 15 production of hybrid seeds of cloud oil and high oleic acid hybrid rape seed) may be used in the present invention, can also adopt
The production of hybrid seeds is carried out with kind presented below.
Miscellaneous No. 15 legitimate origins and evidence for saving the biomaterials such as careful kind, breeding for 2011 of cloud oil, have kind to examine
Determine certificate.
The present invention creates the platform of three incross rapeseed technological innovation：Dehong prefecture agricultural technology extension center 2009
Year builds Yunnan Province modern agriculture Rape industry technical system Dehong region centre for spreading, introduces domestic improved variety and the production of hybrid seeds is planted
Training technology with reference to local reality, carries out digestion and innovates again, laid the basis of integrated innovation.In awns town, Feng Ping towns, river
Xixiang, Hu Sa townshiies, the planting area below 1000 meters of height above sea level build three incross rapeseed engineering test base, are integrated
Innovation three incross rapeseed technology has built innovation platform.
The present invention creates the troop of three incross rapeseed technological innovation：In national Rape industry system seat of honour science
Under family, Yunnan Province Rape industry technical system chief scientist, Hua Zhong Agriculture University, academy of agricultural sciences of province are instructed through experts such as work institutes,
By the coordination of Dehong prefecture bureau of agriculture, the cooperation of support energetically of each counties and cities and small towns agricultural technology spread department is obtained, constitutes province state
Matched research of technique team of counties and townships, responsible breeding innovation, the agrotechnical center in state are excellent with reference to local conditional through making for academy of agricultural sciences of province
Gesture carries out Research on Technological Innovation.
The method of three incross rapeseed Technology Integration Innovation of the present invention：For existing in three incross rapeseed
The problem of, make full use of the resources such as winter light, heat, water, soil, the agrotechnical center in state carries out optimum sowing time, with kind of quantity, a plantation side
Formula, planting density, plantation proportioning, Fertilization Level, height above sea level influence, beat a kind of sedge period height, florescence control, fertilizing method, pest and disease damage
Cultural methods and the experiments such as prevention, weeds control technology and drought resistance；Seeding technique adaptability is carried out in five small towns of Dehong to test
Card, further perfect three incross rapeseed technology.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment is further described the application principle of the present invention.
Three incross rapeseed method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, including：
The selection method on production of hybrid seeds ground：24.5 ° of north latitude is selected hereinafter, subtropical zone Dong Zuo areas, 1000 meters of height above sea level is hereinafter, winter
Illumination is sufficient, most cold 10 DEG C of monthly mean temperature or more, and the florescence occurs without damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature, and isolation condition is good naturally, is ringed on three sides by mountains, preceding work
Non- crucifer, the soil is porous, and the good arable land of irrigation and drainage is as rape seed base.
As shown in Figure 1, the method for cropping pattern provided in an embodiment of the present invention：
S101：Late October to early November plows and once waits to broadcast, and broadcasts soil moisture situation of checking for first 15 days, crosses at most
Ground surrounding fishing ditch water discharge；
S102：Soil moisture content is controlled before broadcasting, sowing the previous day tractor is raked the soil level twice；
S103：Late October to early November is sowed using the Parent same period, and seed furrow, ditch are opened using small-size rotary tiller
Deep 5cm, small line-spacing 40cm (i.e. rotary cultivator wheelspan once outputs 2 row kind planting ditches), wide row space 70cm, 8 4.4 meters of rows are a moisture in the soil,
Direction plough the first furrow as a guideline to be vertical with wind direction；
S104：350ml or so mineral water bottles are taken, by bottle cap drill straight diameter 6mm circular holes, are put into seed, seed piles bottle
4/5 space enables each program request to fall 6-8 seeds, with the pool away from the uniform paces program requests of 20-25cm, broadcasts rear cover soil thickness 2-
3cm；
S105：Improve sterile line (female parent) density, parental 2:6,40 grams of mu sowing quantity male parent, female parent 120
Gram；
S106：15 kilograms of base fertilizer Mu Shi composite fertilizers, 20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, borax:2 kilograms of (10 kilograms of moistenings of borax
Thin barnyard manure is uniformly mixed) it spreads fertilizer over the fields after mixing in being sowed in seed furrow；
S107：Soil moisture does not have to pour water before broadcasting up to 65%, too low, pours water primary, fills soon soon arrange, no ponding, every
Sow in the future, sow sprayed with 150ml/ mu of pendimethalin (component content 33%) after blinding seal it is careless；
S108：7 days after broadcasting, after emergence, it is primary that mu with 2% abamectin emulsifiable concentrates of 15ml sprays prevention flea beetle；
S109：30 days after broadcasting, final singling, 2500 plants/acre of male parent density, 10000 plants/acre maternal, final singling is after under fine day
Noon spreads fertilizer over the fields 8,000 grams/acre of urea in small line-spacing；
S110：After broadcasting in 35 days, pay attention to soil moisture, not pour water, can control disease；
Mechanical intertillage management method:
40 days after broadcasting, Dehong Area can be cloudy with occasional showers, primary if pouring water without if, fills soon soon arranges, no ponding；
After pouring water 1-2 days, bolting fertilizer is applied, 10 kilograms of composite fertilizer of mu, 20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate are spread fertilizer over the fields in wide row space two
Side rapeseed plants are close to root；
It is ditched with rotary cultivator (wheelspan 40cm) in wide row space, ditch depth 10cm then removes weeds and completes ridging；
It broadcasts latter 50-55 days, with 100 grams/acre of 25% carbendazol wettable powder, is watered 30L and sprays foliar control downy mildew
Disease；With 30ml/ mus of 5% imidacloprid missible oil, spraying bud in bud stage and prevent eliminating aphis, Post flowering then no longer sprays, in order to avoid poisoning
Honeybee.
Florescence control method：
Step 1)：Male parent grows into the flat-top phase, and 1 is made a call to every 3~4 plants, removes main inflorescence and following 3~4 branch flower
Sequence to extend the male parent florescence, increases male parent flower number and pollen amount；
Step 2)：After Parent enters initial bloom stage, mu is spread fertilizer over the fields with 2 kilograms of urea in the small line-spacing of male parent, is increased male parent and is planted
Strain nutrition improves pollen amount, the extension male parent florescence is longer than female parent；
Step 3)：Squaring period and initial bloom stage ,+0.1% happy boron of speed of 0.8% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of Parent foliage-spray is secondary,
It is anti-colored and unreal, hence it is evident that promote rape flower growth and development, improve yield and improve vegetable seed quality, improve disease resistance, pest-resistant
Property, increase resistance.Due to having reserved wide row and having ploughed the first furrow as a guideline, at this time convenient for field management；
Step 4)：Into full-bloom stage, a water is filled, fills soon soon arranges, no longer pour water later, can prevent from lodging, control is maternal
The generation of micro mist ensures seed purity, also can control the florescence neat, prevents unlimited Flowering Phenomenon due to temperature, height above sea level factor,
Breeding time is controlled within 125-150 days；
Step 5)：Roguing measure is through entire production of hybrid seeds process；Male parent is cut off in advance after the florescence；
Step 6)：Next year mid or late March when maternal silique 70% -80% becomes yellowish-brown, is gathered in, and dry in the air using high stake
It shines in high stake, threshing.
With reference to specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
1st, Dehong " precocious, high yield " hybrid rape seed position characteristic is apparent
Rape-seed production has the characteristics that distinct ecological diversity, has multifarious demand to kind.With rape " south
Expand, go up a hill ", the western regions of the Yunnan Province, southwestern Tengchong, Dehong, Lincang Prefecture propose higher to the high-quality of kind, high yield, precocity, drought-enduring etc.
It is required that simultaneously because the problem of other regional winter rape hybrid seedings in Yunnan Province are easily influenced by serious frostbite, establishes our province peace
It is complete for kind hybrid rape seed base become there is an urgent need to.For this demand, Dehong region centre for spreading is only with Dehong prefecture
Special resources advantage and superior natural isolation condition has carried out the research of winter cross-bred rape high-yield seeds production technique campaign.
For Dehong prefecture near the tropic of cancer, it is low to be located in latitude, belongs to south subtropics monsoon climate, annual solar radiation
137-143 cards/centimetre, between 1400~1700 millimeters of annual rainfall, average temperature of the whole year at 18.4 DEG C~20 DEG C, year sunshine
2281-2453 hours, 6400-7300 DEG C of annual accumution, year the amount of land evaporation between 1400-1900 millimeters, drought index
Between 0.4-1.2.Dehong embankment (channel basin) is more, accounts for the 17.1% of Quanzhou land area, and embankment is embosomed in hills shape
Into natural isolation barrier, prevent that hybrid rape seed miscellaneous, pure keeping is highly beneficial, and lower latitude plateau at Dehong, winter-spring season illumination
Quality is high, day and night temperature is big, frost day is few, pollution is small, and pollination entomophila is enriched, and is conducive to hybrid rape seed high yield gene
Expression.
2nd, hybrid rape seed obtains yield for continuous 2 years and breaks through
The province being newly bred as was selected to examine kind " miscellaneous No. 15 of cloud oil " 12 mu of the production of hybrid seeds in flakes in 2015-2016 years, through Yunnan Province
The expert group field scene of Department of Agriculture's tissue is surveyed production and is checked and accepted, maternal 8049 plants/acre of average growth density, the effective silique number of single plant
427, per seed number per pod 12.83,5.1 grams of mass of 1000 kernel converts into 191.15 kilograms of per mu yield, reaches the morning in the 150 days time of infertility
Stand oil dish high-yield seeds production is horizontal, obtains the impressive progress of low altitude area area (less than 1000 meters) cross-bred rape high-yield seeds production technique, belongs to
The top standard of hybrid rape seed technical research inside the province reaches domestic OguCMS system precocity hybrid rape seed
Advanced level.
The cenospecies various regions reflection purity produced is high, ensure that the seed quality of demonstration area.2016 and Chu in 2017
The Xiong Zhou institutes of agricultural sciences carry out high yield trial using this batch of seed, and per mu yield respectively reaches the high yield of 411.3 kilograms and 426.85 kilograms
Horizontal (Chuxiong Prefecture yield product acceptance data).
Undertake system key task content 2016-2017 years, select the high oleic acid content with preferable application prospect,
Floorboard with high oil content, " double low " (oleic acid content 76.35%, oil content 46.54%, content of erucic acid 0.12%, 17.93 μ of sulphur resources
Mol/g) quality component selects two points to carry out production of hybrid seeds examination close to the cross-bred rape new lines E07HO27 of olive oil on Mang Shi dams
It tests.On March 10th, 2017, by Yunnan, Provincial Department of Agriculture is presided over, and relevant expert is invited to form the survey production of expert group's progress production of hybrid seeds field and is tested
It receives.By to field female parent yield repetition measurement, 9474.4 plants/acre of average growth density, the effective silique number of single plant 353.7, per angle
Grain number 13.94,4.4 grams of mass of 1000 kernel convert into 155.3 kilograms of per mu yield.By experimental study for years, Exploration and conclusion goes out
High oleic acid cross-bred rape is in our province low altitude area area (less than 1000 meters) mating high-yield seeds production technique, the realization time of infertility 148
My god, 155.3 kilograms of hybrid seed yields of per mu yield, belong to leading inside the province, domestic similar advanced level, be also to expand seed production reserve
Technology.
It synchronizes and has carried out high oleic acid new varieties experiment and demonstration, tested in Longchuan County Hu Sa townshiies within 2016, high oleic acid is new
Strain 179.5 kilograms of average yield per mu in 6 tested varieties relatively compare No. 8 volume increase 9.4% of cloud caul-fat, and yield is number two；
In Lianghe County Zhe Dao towns, high oleic acid cenospecies is in 6 tested varieties, 188.9 kilograms of average yield per mu, relatively compares No. 8 increasings of caul-fat
Production 10.8%, yield is number two；The same year demonstrates 65 mu in Lianghe County Nang Song townshiies, 174.9 kilograms of average yield per mu, by inquiry,
User reflects that neat, the ripe consistency of kind growth is good, the edible oil condition of processing is good.Expand within 2017 answering in state
With area, wherein demonstrate 104 mu in Ma Lun villages of Lianghe County Nang Song townshiies, 171.9 kilograms of average yield per mu.
With reference to specific experiment, the invention will be further described.
1st, test site：
The Dehong prefecture institute of agricultural sciences experimental field, north latitude 24 ° 25 ' 32.12 " 98 ° 34 ' 23.87 of east longitude ", 913 meters of height above sea level.Experimental field
Preceding stubble rice, soil types are loam, and fertility is better-than-average.
2nd, test method：
1) date of seeding：It is divided to two dates of seeding, the sowing of the Parent same period：
(1) one date of seeding, poured water on October 9th, 2014, sowing on October 10,4 mu of sown area；
(2) two dates of seeding, rained on October 19th, 2014, sowing on October 20,1.5 mu of sown area.
It first pours water and sows afterwards, after planting with " Guang Jiaan " envelope grass, 80 milliliter/mu of dosage.
Row ratio：Maternal 6 rows, 2 row of male parent are planted with moisture in the soil.
Seeding row spacing：Small line-spacing 40cm, wide row space 70cm, the pool away from：25cm, stays the 2 plants/pool of seedling, maternal 8000 plants/acre of density,
2700 plants/acre of male parent density.
Divide moisture in the soil：For sown scope per 4.4 meters of moisture in the soil, moisture in the soil direction is consistent with green pod phase wind direction.
Per 4.4 meters of moisture in the soil sown scope, 1 date of seeding (October 10) 4 mu of plot area, totally 12 moisture in the soil；
Date of seeding (October 20) 1.5 mu of plot area, totally 4.5 moisture in the soil.
3rd, technical measures
Fertilising：
Base fertilizer：Composite fertilizer (N:P:K=15：15：15) 20,000 grams/acre；20,000 grams/acre of calcium superphosphate；2 kilograms of boron fertilizer/
Mu.
Top dressing：1 date of seeding of October 29, seedling stage spread fertilizer over the fields 3,000 grams/acre of urea, rain October 26,27,28 days.On November 22 2
Date of seeding, seedling stage spread fertilizer over the fields 3,000 grams/acre of urea.
BOITING STAGE top dressing:19-20 days November, 1 phase combine the ridging of thinning tillage and weeding and impose 15,000 grams/acre of composite fertilizers.
November 30,2 phases impose 15,000 grams/acre of composite fertilizers with reference to tillage and weeding.
Thinning：2-4 in November day 1 date of seeding thinnings；2 dates of seeding thinning on November 20
Anti- disease pest：A Wei bacterium elements ﹒ rattled away full clever 800 times and sprayed November 5；November, the phonetic bacterium fat 1000 of 25 day cream urea sprayed again；
December 2 sprayed 800 times of imidacloprid；December 22 sprayed 800 times of imidacloprid.
It irrigates：October 9, November 23, December 8；
Beat tongue：December 1, a phase male parent beat tongue；Second phase December 26 male parent is wiped out once.
Impurity elimination：The time of infertility, which is checked in removal Parent material, mixes strain, variant.
4th, result and analysis
(1) breeding time
From one, two breeding time date of seeding tables, cenospecies (female parent) breeding time is respectively 146,143 days, each date of seeding difference
Less, evening date of seeding, the trend that breeding time is reduced.Male parent each breeding time date of seeding is 138,139 days, and difference is little.It is made in hybridization
In kind, restorer=male parent, sterile line=female parent.
Table one：Each date of seeding Parent breeding time
(2) Major Economic
From the point of view of Main Economic Characters, a date of seeding hybrid plant plant height is 19.1 lis high compared with male parent up to 199.4 centimetres
Rice；Two 188.5 centimetres of date of seeding hybrid plant plant heights are 9.8 centimetres high compared with male parent；One phase cenospecies plant is more the second stage of 10.9 lis high
Rice.
The effective silique number of single plant, a date of seeding cenospecies 308.7, average seed number per pod 10.57,4.73 grams of mass of 1000 kernel；Two
Date of seeding cenospecies 341.7, average seed number per pod 11.53,4.35 grams of mass of 1000 kernel；Two date of seeding cenospecies and the effective angle of male parent
Fruit number, seed number per pod are more compared with a date of seeding, and the mass of 1000 kernel of two date of seeding cenospecies and male parent is low compared with a date of seeding.
Table 2：Major Economic table
Table 3：Breeding time meteorological record
(3) yield
From the point of view of output condition, 83.4 thousand grams/acre of a date of seeding cenospecies, two 102.86 thousand grams/acre of date of seeding cenospecies, compared with
One date of seeding, is high by 23.3%；One 39.8 thousand grams/acre of date of seeding male parent, two 50,000 grams/acre of date of seeding male parents are high compared with a date of seeding by 20.4%.
Table 4：Each date of seeding output condition table (parental=2:6)
With reference to producing method for seed, the invention will be further described.
Producing method for seed provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes：Mechanical site preparation ridging technology, the sowing of the Parent same period adjust flower
Phase technology, rational close planting promote strong sprout, increase silique technology, and science applies boron fertilizer, disease pest and weed Synthetical prevention technology.
Production of hybrid seeds place：6 mu of Dehong prefecture agricultural technology center proving ground, 6 mu of Hu Yu villages test site, 913 meters of height above sea level,
2016 annual 12 mu of high oleic acid cross-bred rape (E07H027) production of hybrid seeds areas.
Sowing time：6 mu of the agrotechnical multi-center trial area of base in state, Parent sowing on October 24th, 2016, the experiment of Hu Yu villages
3 mu of area of point, sowing on November 8,3 mu of Hu Yu villages testing site area, sowing on October 24, transplanting on November 16.Further visit
Rope different sowing dates and live streaming and the high oleic acid hybrid rape seed yield of culturing and transplanting seedlings.
Sowing and field management：Parental 2:6, it is ditched using mini-tiller, 0.7 meter of wide row space, small 0.4 meter of line-spacing.
Male parent 2500 plants or so/mu of density, maternal 8000 plants or so/mu of density is broadcast live；2000 plants or so of culturing and transplanting seedlings male parent density/
Mu, maternal 6000 plants or so/mu of density.15 kilograms of base fertilizer Mu Shi composite fertilizers, 2 kilograms of boron fertilizer, top dressing seedling stage mu impose urea 10
Kilogram, squaring period mu imposes 20 kilograms of urea, and initial bloom stage uses 50 grams/acre of " the happy boron of speed ", is watered foliage-spray twice, does a good job of it disease
Worm prevention and control of weeds, cultivation and banking field management, seedling stage, peduncle-growing period for rapeseed, the stringent impurity elimination roguing of initial bloom stage ensure seed production purity.
Yield is tested oneself result：
Survey production method：According to without sowing time, different planting respectively takes 3-5 points, and each point takes 11m2Investigate mu
Strain number, each point continuously take 5 plants of investigation pods, grain numbers.
Survey production result：October 24 was sowed, 6 mu of area, 8409 plants per acre of average growth density, single plant silique number 333.5
It is a, seed number per pod 14.4,4.5 grams of mass of 1000 kernel (mass of 1000 kernel uses average value over the years), theoretical 154.5 kilograms of average yield per mu；October
It sows within 24th, transplanting on November 16,3 mu of area, 6772 plants per acre of average growth density, single plant silique number 370.2, angle grain
Number 15.3,4.5 grams of mass of 1000 kernel (mass of 1000 kernel uses average value over the years), theoretical 146.7 kilograms of average yield per mu；November 8 was broadcast
Kind, 3 mu of area, 8002 plants per acre of average growth density, single plant silique number 347.3, seed number per pod 14.2, mass of 1000 kernel 4.5
Gram (mass of 1000 kernel use average value over the years), theoretical 150.9 kilograms of average yield per mu.(yield is calculated：The strain number of yield=per acre × mono-
Strain effectively silique number × seed number per pod × mass of 1000 kernel × survey production coefficient (0.85) × 10-6).Refer to species test table.
Species test table
Cenospecies mass of 1000 kernel uses 4.5 grams of average value over the years, parental 2:6
With reference to effect, the invention will be further described.
The present invention explore high oleic acid cross-bred rape E07H027 low altitude area (less than 1000 meters) production of hybrid seeds sowing time,
Planting density, fertilising, disease pest and weed prevention and control, Parent flowering regulation technology and high oleic acid hybrid rape seed pure keeping technology.
For the other regional winter production high oleic acid napus hybrids of the high oleic acid cross-bred rape market demand and Yunnan Province
The problem of kind is easily influenced by frost establishes high oleic acid hybrid rape seed base of the safety for kind, produces high-quality high oleic acid and hybridizes
Rape breeding meets production demonstration demand, has demoncal ration effect.
High oleic acid cross-bred rape high-yield seeds production technique, cenospecies per mu yield reach 150 kilograms, and seed pure keeping technology, purity reaches
To 90%, reach the advanced level of leading, domestic precocious high oleic acid hybrid rape seed inside the province.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
- A kind of 1. three incross rapeseed method, which is characterized in that the three incross rapeseed method integration production of hybrid seeds Selection method, the method for cropping pattern, mechanical intertillage management method, florescence control method, to optimum sowing time, with kind of a quantity, Planting patterns, planting density, plantation proportioning, Fertilization Level, height above sea level influence, beat a kind of sedge period height, florescence control, fertilizing method, The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, weeds control optimization and screening, carry out three incross rapeseed.
- 2. three incross rapeseed method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the selection method packet on the production of hybrid seeds ground It includes：North latitude is selected to be less than 24.5 °, subtropical zone Dong Zuo areas, height above sea level is less than 1000 meters, and winter illumination is sufficient, most cold monthly mean temperature More than 10 DEG C, the florescence, isolation condition was good naturally, is ringed on three sides by mountains, and preceding to make non-crucifer, the soil is porous without generation is damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature, The good arable land of irrigation and drainage is as rape seed base.
- 3. three incross rapeseed method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the method packet of the cropping pattern It includes：Late October to early November plows and once waits to broadcast, and broadcasts first 15 days analysis soil moisture situations；Soil moisture content is controlled before broadcasting, sowing the previous day rakes the soil level twice；Late October to early November is sowed using the Parent same period, opens seed furrow, ditch depth 5cm, small line-spacing 40cm, wide row space 70cm, 8 4.4 meters of rows are a moisture in the soil, and direction of ploughing the first furrow as a guideline is vertical with wind direction；Mineral water bottle is taken, by bottle cap drill straight diameter 6mm circular holes, is put into seed, seed piles 4/5 space of bottle, makes each program request 6-8 seeds are fallen, with the pool away from the uniform paces program requests of 20-25cm, broadcast rear cover soil thickness 2-3cm；Improve sterile line female parent density, parental 2:6,40 grams of mu sowing quantity male parent is 120 grams maternal；The base fertilizer mu amount of applying is 15 kilograms of composite fertilizer, 20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 2 kilograms of borax, is spread fertilizer over the fields after mixing in being broadcast in seed furrow Kind；Soil moisture is sowed up to 65%, and envelope grass is sprayed with 150ml/ mus of the pendimethalin of component content 33% after sowing blinding；7 days after broadcasting, after emergence, it is primary that mu with 2% abamectin emulsifiable concentrates of 15ml sprays prevention flea beetle；30 days after broadcasting, final singling, 2500 plants/acre of male parent density is 10000 plants/acre maternal, and final singling is after in fine day afternoon, small line-spacing Spread fertilizer over the fields 8,000 grams/acre of urea；35 days after broadcasting, disease is controlled.
- 4. three incross rapeseed method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that mechanical intertillage management method includes：The after planting 40 days Parent same period analyzed soil moisture, pours water primary, fills soon soon arrange, no ponding；After pouring water 1-2 days, bolting fertilizer is applied, 10 kilograms of composite fertilizer of mu, 20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate are spread fertilizer over the fields in wide row space both sides rape Plant is close to root；Wide row space is ditched, ditch depth 10cm, is removed weeds and is completed ridging；It broadcasts latter 50-55 days, with 100 grams/acre of 25% carbendazol wettable powder, is watered 30L and sprays foliar control downy mildew；With 5% 30ml/ mus of imidacloprid missible oil sprays bud in bud stage and prevents eliminating aphis, and Post flowering then no longer sprays.
- 5. three incross rapeseed method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the florescence control method includes：Male parent grows into the flat-top phase, and 1 is made a call to every 3~4 plants, removes main inflorescence and following 3~4 branched inflorescence, extends male parent flower Phase increases male parent flower number and pollen amount；After Parent enters initial bloom stage, mu is spread fertilizer over the fields with 2 kilograms of urea in the small line-spacing of male parent, increases paternal plant nutrition, is improved Pollen amount, extension male parent florescence are longer than female parent；Squaring period and initial bloom stage ,+0.1% happy boron of speed of 0.8% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of Parent foliage-spray are secondary；Into full-bloom stage, a water is filled, fills soon soon arranges, no longer pour water later；The generation of the maternal micro mist of control or blooming control are whole Together, prevent unlimited Flowering Phenomenon；Roguing measure is through entire production of hybrid seeds process；Male parent is cut off in advance after the florescence；Next year mid or late March when maternal silique 70% -80% becomes yellowish-brown, is gathered in using high stake, and dried in high stake, is taken off Grain.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110946072A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-03 | 德宏州农业技术推广中心(德宏州农业科学研究所) | High oleic acid hybrid rape seed production method |
| CN111165346A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-05-19 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for producing seeds of cabbage type hybrid rape |
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| CN86108723A (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1988-07-27 | 陕西省农垦科技教育中心 | Cabbage type rape ternary hybridization and culture technique |
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| CN86108723A (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1988-07-27 | 陕西省农垦科技教育中心 | Cabbage type rape ternary hybridization and culture technique |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110946072A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-03 | 德宏州农业技术推广中心(德宏州农业科学研究所) | High oleic acid hybrid rape seed production method |
| CN111165346A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-05-19 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for producing seeds of cabbage type hybrid rape |
| CN111165346B (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-10-16 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for producing seeds of cabbage type hybrid rape |
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