CN108207615B - A kind of three incross rapeseed method - Google Patents
A kind of three incross rapeseed method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108207615B CN108207615B CN201810029060.4A CN201810029060A CN108207615B CN 108207615 B CN108207615 B CN 108207615B CN 201810029060 A CN201810029060 A CN 201810029060A CN 108207615 B CN108207615 B CN 108207615B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
Abstract
The invention belongs to crossbreeding technology fields, disclose a kind of three incross rapeseed method, selection method, the method for cropping pattern, the mechanical intertillage management method, florescence control method on integrated production of hybrid seeds ground, it influenced on optimum sowing time, with kind of a quantity, planting patterns, planting density, plantation proportion, Fertilization Level, height above sea level, play a kind of sedge period height, florescence control, fertilizing method, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, weeds control optimization and screening, carry out three incross rapeseed.The present invention produces high-quality high oleic acid cross-bred rape breeding and meets production demonstration demand, have demoncal ration effect to safety is established for the high oleic acid hybrid rape seed base of kind；Cenospecies per mu yield reaches 150 kilograms, and seed pure keeping technology, purity reaches 90%, reaches the advanced level of leading, domestic precocious high oleic acid hybrid rape seed inside the province.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crossbreeding technology field more particularly to a kind of three incross rapeseed methods.
The present invention relates to three be the napus hybrid production of hybrid seeds production of hybrid seeds ground selection method, a kind of method of cropping pattern, machinery
Intertillage management method, florescence control method etc..
Background technique
Three-tine hybrid rape: it is made of respectively " sterile line ", " keeping system " and " restorer ", " sterile line " stamen moves back
Change, selfing cannot be solid, it is necessary to relying on external source pollen, it could be solid, and " sterile line " hybridizes the seed of production with " restorer ",
It is hybrid seed.
With the present invention the shortcomings that most like prior art implementation, the prior art:
First is that the sterile line of three line for hybrid seed production, which is mainly derived from China's rapeseed breeding man seventies, finds " Bo Lima " oil
Dish, the sterile properties of the sterile line is since climate influences, when sterile line enters reproductive growth to the florescence, if current year temperature is low,
Sterile plant is on the contrary then micro mist is less there are micro mist, and present CMS line does not overcome the problems, such as micro mist, large area system completely yet
Kind quality decline.
Second is that emphasize isolation environment and most production of hybrid seeds height above sea level it is excessively high (1200 meters or more), production of hybrid seeds florescence vulnerable to damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature,
Breeding time extends, and influences succession crop sowing；
Third is that restorer (male parent) and sterile line (female parent) production of hybrid seeds allocation ratio are excessive, 1:1,1:2, sterile line mu are commonly used
4000-6000 plants of ratios of density are low, to cut off after the male parent florescence, and only sterile line can generate cenospecies, maternal few influence
Hybrid seed production yields；
Fourth is that line-spacings is waited to sow, line-spacing 50cm is commonly used, pollination rate is low, then close and influence growth, and can not weeding by machine's training
Soil, artificial weeding ridging are at high cost；
Fifth is that growing naturally, restorer and sterile line florescence spreadability be not strong, meets insufficient, reduces pollination rate, shadow
Cenospecies yield is rung.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of three incross rapeseed methods.Of the invention
Three incross rapeseed technology based on agro-technician, most preferably broadcast using experiment and demonstration base as platform
Phase, with kind of a quantity, precision drilling, planting density ratio, machine applications, Fertilization Level, fertilizing method, florescence control, rich water pipe
The cultivation techniques analysis of experiments such as reason, the hybrid seed yield that solution occurs in production is lower, at high cost, seed production quality is not high asks
Topic, it is integrated to invent a set of economical and practical three incross rapeseed method, technology is provided for the large area napus hybrid production of hybrid seeds
Support.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of three incross rapeseed method, the three incross rapeseed method
Selection method, the method for cropping pattern, the mechanical intertillage management method, florescence control method on integrated production of hybrid seeds ground, to most preferably broadcasting
Phase is influenced with kind of a quantity, planting patterns, planting density, plantation proportion, Fertilization Level, height above sea level, beats a kind of sedge period height, florescence tune
Control, fertilizing method, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, weeds control optimization and screening, carry out three incross rapeseed.
Further, the selection method on the production of hybrid seeds ground includes:
Select north latitude less than 24.5 °, the subtropical zone area Dong Zuo, height above sea level is less than 1000 meters, and winter illumination is sufficient, the most cold moon is flat
Equal temperature is greater than 10 DEG C, and the florescence, isolation condition was good naturally, is ringed on three sides by mountains without generation is damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature, preceding to make non-crucifer, soil
Matter is loose, and the good arable land of irrigation and drainage is used as rape seed base.
Further, the method for the cropping pattern includes:
Late October to early November plows once wait broadcast, and broadcasts first 15 days analysis soil moisture situations；
Soil moisture content is controlled before broadcasting, sowing the previous day rakes the soil level twice；
Late October to early November is sowed using the Parent same period, opens seed furrow, ditch depth 5cm, small line-spacing 40cm, big
Line-spacing 70cm, 8 row, 4.4 meter Wei Yi moisture in the soil, direction of ploughing the first furrow as a guideline are vertical with wind direction；
Mineral water bottle is taken, by bottle cap drill straight diameter 6mm circular hole, is put into seed, seed piles 4/5 space of bottle, makes every time
Program request falls 6-8 seeds, with the pool away from the uniform paces program request of 20-25cm, broadcasts rear cover soil thickness 2-3cm；
Improve sterile line female parent density, parental 2:6,40 grams of mu sowing quantity male parent, 120 grams of female parent；
The base fertilizer mu amount of applying is 15 kilograms of compound fertilizer, 20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 2 kilograms of borax, is spread fertilizer over the fields after mixing in seed furrow
Interior sowing；
Soil moisture is sowed up to 65%, sprays envelope with 150ml/ mus of pendimethalin of component content 33% after sowing blinding
Grass；
7 days after broadcasting, after emergence, it is primary that mu with 2% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate of 15ml sprays prevention and treatment flea beetle；
30 days after broadcasting, final singling is 2500 plants/acre of male parent density, 10000 plants/acre maternal, in fine day afternoon, small row after final singling
8,000 grams/acre of urea are spread fertilizer over the fields away from；
35 days after broadcasting, disease is controlled.
Further, mechanical intertillage management method includes:
The Parent same period after planting 40 days, soil moisture is analyzed, is poured water primary, is filled fastly fastly arrange, no ponding；
After pouring water 1-2 days, bolting fertilizer is applied, 10 kilograms of compound fertilizer of mu, 20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate spread fertilizer over the fields in wide row space two
Side rapeseed plants are close to root；
Wide row space trench digging, ditch depth 10cm remove weeds and complete ridging；
It broadcasts latter 50-55 days, with 100 grams/acre of 25% carbendazol wettable powder, is watered 30L and sprays foliar control downy mildew
Disease；With 30ml/ mus of 5% imidacloprid missible oil, bud is sprayed in bud stage and prevents eliminating aphis, Post flowering then no longer sprays.
Further, the florescence control method includes:
Male parent grows into the flat-top phase, makes a call to 1 every 3~4 plants, removes main inflorescence and following 3~4 branched inflorescence, extends father
This florescence increases male parent flower number and pollen amount；
After Parent enters flowering stage, mu is spread fertilizer over the fields in the small line-spacing of male parent with 2 kilograms of urea, increases paternal plant nutrition,
Improve pollen amount, the extension male parent florescence is longer than female parent；
Squaring period and flowering stage ,+0.1% happy boron of speed of 0.8% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of Parent foliage-spray are secondary；
Into full-bloom stage, a water is filled, fills fastly fastly arranges, no longer pour water later；Control the generation of maternal micro mist, or control
Florescence is neat, prevents unlimited Flowering Phenomenon；
Roguing measure is through entire production of hybrid seeds process；Male parent is cut off in advance after the florescence；Next year mid or late March,
It when maternal 70% -80% flavescence brown of silique, is gathered in using high stake, and dries the threshing in high stake.
Three incross rapeseed technology of the invention, realizes the synchronized update of kind and technology, is product to multiple three
The kind production of hybrid seeds is applicable in, and very well, technology is easily mastered masses' reflection, and seed quality is controllable, and human error is small, and mechanical applies
A large amount of human cost has been saved during the production of hybrid seeds, has obtained wide popularization and application, while revolutionizing peasant household's extensive management,
The problem of large area production of hybrid seeds quality decline.
The existing seeding technique sowing climate and other natural phenomena of a season is most too early, and in 9-10 the first tenday period of a month month, temperature is high at this time, and growing way is prosperous, is conducive to strong sprout
It is overwintering, but flowering stage is also corresponding relatively early after year, and temperature is lower at this time, and sterile line, which has, generates micro mist trend, influences on seed production purity
It is quite big.Research show that three-tine hybrid rape micro mist problem can try every possible means in production of hybrid seeds cultivation technique now for we, first is that broadcasting
Phase postpones till October 25 to November 10, and in (1000 meters) subtropical zone, low altitude area areas, flowering stage temperature is high and stablizes, and can have
Effect reduces early spring sterile line micro mist amount, greatly improves seed purity.Second is that control sterile line trophosome (plant) cannot be excessive,
Key point (1) late sowing can be with the increment before suitable control year；(2) fertilizer early period abundance guarantees that strong sprout is overwintering, infertility after just spending
System's not nitrogen fertilizer application, avoids remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing, and single plant seriously returns flower when solid insufficient, reduces seed commodity performance and bud ratio；
(3) increase density, improve sterile line mu density to 10000 plants.Moreover, breeding time be no more than 150 days, not under the influence of stubble spring
Crop is planted on time, very significant.There is three-tine hybrid rape seed quality these years totally to decline, many triple crossings
Rape is done well in area tries, and to occurring as soon as problem when being widely applied, has plant part performance to open little Hua, no in crop field
It is solid, and be that this little Hua reaches always rape maturation, it has no serious problem to yield, as long as opening the plant of little Hua up to 5% or so,
Just quite ugly, common people are difficult to receive.
The present invention was analyzed by 9 years seeding techniques, was won initial success.The three incross rapeseed technical application of invention
Example: on March 11st, 2016, presided over by Yunnan Provincial Department of Agriculture and invite agricultural technology extension master station, province, seed control station, province etc.
Domestic pharmaceutical industry authoritative expert checks and accepts identification.It is real by mechanism innovation, Item increasing, selection proper combination, integrated technology innovation
Showed miscellaneous No. 15 of 12 mu of clouds oil in flakes the production of hybrid seeds, within the 150 days time of infertility, per mu yield reach 179.91 kilograms of kipeming high yield system
Kind is horizontal, achieves the important breakthrough of our province low altitude area area (1000 meters or less) cross-bred rape high-yield seeds production technique, belongs to miscellaneous inside the province
The top standard for handing over rape seed technical research, reaches the first water inlet of domestic OguCMS system precocity hybrid rape seed
It is flat.
It in three incross rapeseed technology on March 10th, 2017 of the invention, is presided over by Yunnan Provincial Department of Agriculture and invites province
The domestic pharmaceutical industries authoritative expert such as academy of agricultural sciences checks and accepts identification.Research be integrated with " the Parent proper seeding tune florescence, the close rush strong sprout of control,
Whole impurity elimination pure keeping degree, aphid prevention and control Forward promotees pollination, male parent interlacing beats tongue fur and prolongs the florescence, mechanical-assisted cost declining " it is core
Matching technology effectively improves hybrid seed yield, reduces breeding cost, and (Wild cabbage type double-low rapeseed has both high oleic acid content hybrid seeding
It is more difficult).By innovation mechanism, integration project, explore high oleic acid cross-bred rape our province low altitude area area (1000 meters with
Under) high yield matched breeding technology, realize 12 mu of high oleic acid hybrid rape seeds, the 148 days time of infertility, 155.3 kilograms of per mu yield systems
Kind yield belongs to leading inside the province, domestic similar research advanced level, to expand seed production reserve technology.
The present invention uses wide-narrow row planting to provide convenience for machinery ridging, greatly reduces cost using machinery.
Artificial mechanism compares unit: per acre
542.5 yuan are saved per acre.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram of cropping pattern in three incross rapeseed method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to this hair
It is bright to be further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
The present invention can also be adopted using existing kind (miscellaneous No. 15 production of hybrid seeds of cloud oil and high oleic acid hybrid rape seed)
The production of hybrid seeds is carried out with kind presented below.
Cloud oil miscellaneous No. 15 saved careful kind for 2011, and the legitimate origin and evidence of the biomaterials such as breeding have kind to examine
Determine certificate.
The platform of present invention creation three incross rapeseed technological innovation: Dehong prefecture agricultural technology extension center 2009
Year construction Yunnan Province's modern agriculture Rape industry technical system Dehong region centre for spreading, introduces domestic improved variety and the production of hybrid seeds is planted
Training technology carries out digestion and innovates again, laid the basis of integrated innovation in conjunction with local reality.In awns town, the town Feng Ping, river
Xixiang, the township Hu Sa, 1000 meters of planting areas below of height above sea level build three incross rapeseed engineering test base, are integrated
Innovation three incross rapeseed technology has built innovation platform.
The troop of present invention creation three incross rapeseed technological innovation: in the chief science of national Rape industry system
Under family, Yunnan Province Rape industry technical system chief scientist, Hua Zhong Agriculture University, academy of agricultural sciences, province are instructed through experts such as work institutes,
By the coordination of Dehong prefecture bureau of agriculture, the cooperation of support energetically of each counties and cities and small towns agricultural technology spread department is obtained, province state is constituted
The research of technique team that counties and townships match, through making, responsible breeding innovation, the agrotechnical center in state combine local conditional excellent to academy of agricultural sciences, province
Gesture carries out Research on Technological Innovation.
The method of three incross rapeseed Technology Integration Innovation of the present invention: for existing in three incross rapeseed
The problem of, make full use of the resources such as winter light, heat, water, soil, the agrotechnical center in state carries out optimum sowing time, with kind of a quantity, plantation side
Formula, planting density, plantation proportion, Fertilization Level, height above sea level influence, beat a kind of sedge period height, florescence control, fertilizing method, pest and disease damage
Cultural methods and the tests such as prevention and treatment, weeds control technology and drought resistance；Seeding technique adaptability is carried out in five small towns of Dehong to test
Card, further perfect three incross rapeseed technology.
With reference to the accompanying drawing and specific embodiment is further described application principle of the invention.
Three incross rapeseed method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, comprising:
The selection method on production of hybrid seeds ground: 24.5 ° of north latitude of selection is hereinafter, the subtropical zone area Dong Zuo, 1000 meters of height above sea level hereinafter, winter
Illumination is sufficient, most cold 10 DEG C of monthly mean temperature or more, and the florescence occurs without damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature, and isolation condition is good naturally, is ringed on three sides by mountains, preceding work
Non- crucifer, the soil is porous, and the good arable land of irrigation and drainage is used as rape seed base.
As shown in Figure 1, the method for cropping pattern provided in an embodiment of the present invention:
The S101:10 last ten-days period month to early November plows once wait broadcast, and broadcasts first 15 days and checks soil moisture situation, excessively then
Ground surrounding fishes out ditch water discharge；
S102: controlling soil moisture content before broadcasting, sowing the previous day tractor is raked the soil level twice；
The S103:10 last ten-days period month to early November is sowed using the Parent same period, opens seed furrow, ditch using small-size rotary tiller
Deep 5cm, small line-spacing 40cm (i.e. rotary cultivator wheelspan once outputs 2 row kind planting ditches), wide row space 70cm, 8 row, 4.4 meter Wei Yi moisture in the soil,
Plough the first furrow as a guideline direction be it is vertical with wind direction；
S104: taking 350ml or so mineral water bottle, by bottle cap drill straight diameter 6mm circular hole, is put into seed, seed piles bottle
4/5 space enables each program request to fall 6-8 seeds, with the pool away from the uniform paces program request of 20-25cm, broadcasts rear cover soil thickness 2-
3cm；
S105: sterile line (female parent) density, parental 2:6,40 grams of mu sowing quantity male parent, female parent 120 are improved
Gram；
S106: base fertilizer Mu Shi 15 kilograms of compound fertilizer, 20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, borax: 2 kilograms (borax is wet with 10 kilograms
Thin barnyard manure is uniformly mixed) it spreads fertilizer over the fields after mixing in being sowed in seed furrow；
S107: soil moisture does not have to pour water before broadcasting up to 65%, too low, pours water primary, fills fastly fastly arrange, no ponding, every
It sows in the future, sprays envelope grass with 150ml/ mus of pendimethalin (component content 33%) after sowing blinding；
S108: broadcast after 7 days, after emergence, mu with 2% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate of 15ml spray prevention and treatment flea beetle it is primary；
S109: 30 days after broadcasting, final singling is 2500 plants/acre of male parent density, 10000 plants/acre maternal, after final singling under fine day
Noon spreads fertilizer over the fields 8,000 grams/acre of urea in small line-spacing；
S110: after broadcasting in 35 days, paying attention to soil moisture, not pour water, and can control disease；
Mechanical intertillage management method:
40 days after broadcasting, Dehong Area can be cloudy with occasional showers, primary if pouring water without if, fills fastly fastly arranges, no ponding；
After pouring water 1-2 days, bolting fertilizer is applied, 10 kilograms of compound fertilizer of mu, 20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate spread fertilizer over the fields in wide row space two
Side rapeseed plants are close to root；
It is ditched with rotary cultivator (wheelspan 40cm) in wide row space, ditch depth 10cm then removes weeds and completes ridging；
It broadcasts latter 50-55 days, with 100 grams/acre of 25% carbendazol wettable powder, is watered 30L and sprays foliar control downy mildew
Disease；With 30ml/ mus of 5% imidacloprid missible oil, bud is sprayed in bud stage and prevents eliminating aphis, Post flowering then no longer sprays, in order to avoid poisoning
Honeybee.
Florescence control method:
Step 1): male parent grows into the flat-top phase, makes a call to 1 every 3~4 plants, removes main inflorescence and following 3~4 branch flower
Sequence increases male parent flower number and pollen amount to extend the male parent florescence；
Step 2): after Parent enters flowering stage, mu is spread fertilizer over the fields in the small line-spacing of male parent with 2 kilograms of urea, is increased male parent and is planted
Strain nutrition improves pollen amount, the extension male parent florescence is longer than female parent；
Step 3): squaring period and flowering stage ,+0.1% happy boron of speed of 0.8% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of Parent foliage-spray is secondary,
It is anti-colored and not firm, hence it is evident that promote rape flower growth and development, improve yield and improve vegetable seed quality, improve disease resistance, pest-resistant
Property, increase resistance.Due to having reserved wide row and having ploughed the first furrow as a guideline, it is convenient for field management at this time；
Step 4): entering full-bloom stage, fill a water, fill fastly fastly arrange, no longer pour water later, can prevent from lodging, and control is maternal
The generation of micro mist guarantees seed purity, also can control the florescence neat, prevents unlimited Flowering Phenomenon due to temperature, height above sea level factor,
Breeding time is controlled within 125-150 days；
Step 5): roguing measure is through entire production of hybrid seeds process；Male parent is cut off in advance after the florescence；
Step 6): next year mid or late March when maternal 70% -80% flavescence brown of silique, is gathered in, and dry in the air using high stake
Shine the threshing in high stake.
The invention will be further described combined with specific embodiments below.
1, Dehong " precocious, high yield " hybrid rape seed position characteristic is obvious
Rape-seed production has the characteristics that distinct ecological diversity, has multifarious demand to kind.With rape " south
Expand, go up a hill ", the western regions of the Yunnan Province, southwestern Tengchong, Dehong, Lincang Prefecture propose the high-quality of kind, high yield, precocity, drought-enduring etc. higher
It is required that simultaneously because the problem of other regional winter rape hybrid seedings in Yunnan Province are influenced vulnerable to serious frostbite, establishes our province peace
Entirely for the hybrid rape seed base of kind have become there is an urgent need to.For this demand, Dehong region centre for spreading is only with Dehong prefecture
Special resources advantage and superior natural isolation condition has carried out the research of winter cross-bred rape high-yield seeds production technique campaign.
For Dehong prefecture near the tropic of cancer, it is low to be located in latitude, belongs to south subtropics monsoon climate, annual solar radiation
137-143 cards/centimetre, between 1400~1700 millimeters of annual rainfall, average temperature of the whole year is at 18.4 DEG C~20 DEG C, Nian Zhao
2281-2453 hours, 6400-7300 DEG C of annual accumution, year the amount of land evaporation between 1400-1900 millimeters, drought index
Between 0.4-1.2.Dehong embankment (channel basin) is more, and the 17.1% of Zhan Quanzhou land area, embankment is embosomed in hills shape
At natural isolation barrier, miscellaneous, pure keeping is highly beneficial is prevented to hybrid rape seed, and lower latitude plateau at Dehong, winter-spring season illumination
Quality is high, day and night temperature is big, frost day is few, pollution is small, and pollination entomophila is abundant, is conducive to hybrid rape seed high yield gene
Expression.
2, continuous 2 years acquirement yield of hybrid rape seed is broken through
The province being newly bred as was selected to examine kind " miscellaneous No. 15 of cloud oil " 12 mu of the production of hybrid seeds in flakes in 2015-2016 years, through Yunnan Province
Expert group, the scene, field of Department of Agriculture's tissue is surveyed to produce and be checked and accepted, 8049 plants/acre of maternal average growth density, the effective silique number of single plant
427, every seed number per pod 12.83, converts into 191.15 kilograms of per mu yield, reaches the morning in the 150 days time of infertility by 5.1 grams of mass of 1000 kernel
Stand oil dish high-yield seeds production is horizontal, obtains the impressive progress of low altitude area area (1000 meters or less) cross-bred rape high-yield seeds production technique, belongs to
The top standard of hybrid rape seed technical research inside the province reaches domestic OguCMS system precocity hybrid rape seed
Advanced level.
The cenospecies various regions reflection purity is high produced, ensure that the seed quality of demonstration area.2016 and Chu in 2017
The Xiong Zhou institute of agricultural sciences carries out high yield trial using this batch of seed, and per mu yield respectively reaches the high yield of 411.3 kilograms and 426.85 kilograms
Horizontal (Chuxiong Prefecture yield product acceptance data).
Undertake system key task content 2016-2017 years, select the high oleic acid content with preferable application prospect,
Floorboard with high oil content, " double low " (oleic acid content 76.35%, oil content 46.54%, content of erucic acid 0.12%, 17.93 μ of sulphur resources
Mol/g) quality component selects two points to carry out production of hybrid seeds examination close to the cross-bred rape new lines E07HO27 of olive oil on the dam Mang Shi
It tests.On March 10th, 2017, by Yunnan, Provincial Department of Agriculture is presided over, and is invited relevant expert to form the survey production of expert group's progress production of hybrid seeds field and is tested
It receives.By to field female parent yield repetition measurement, 9474.4 plants/acre of average growth density, the effective silique number of single plant 353.7, every angle
Grain number 13.94,4.4 grams of mass of 1000 kernel, convert into 155.3 kilograms of per mu yield.By experimental study for years, Exploration and conclusion goes out
High oleic acid cross-bred rape realizes the time of infertility 148 in our province low altitude area area (1000 meters or less) matched high-yield seeds production technique
It, 155.3 kilograms of hybrid seed yields of per mu yield, belong to leading inside the province, domestic similar advanced level, be also to expand seed production reserve
Technology.
It synchronizes and has carried out high oleic acid new varieties experiment and demonstration, tested in the Longchuan County township Hu Sa within 2016, high oleic acid is new
Strain is 179.5 kilograms of average yield per mu in 6 tested varieties, and relatively cloud caul-fat 8 volume increase 9.4% of control, yield is number two；
In the Lianghe County town Zhe Dao, high oleic acid cenospecies is in 6 tested varieties, and 188.9 kilograms of average yield per mu, relatively caul-fat 8 increasings of control
10.8% is produced, yield is number two；The same year demonstrates 65 mu in the Lianghe County township Nang Song, and 174.9 kilograms of average yield per mu, by inquiry,
User reflects that neat, the mature consistency of kind growth is good, the edible oil condition of processing is good.Expand answering in state within 2017
With area, wherein demonstrating 104 mu, 171.9 kilograms of average yield per mu in the village Ma Lun, the Lianghe County township Nang Song.
Below with reference to specific test, the invention will be further described.
1, test site:
The Dehong prefecture institute of agricultural sciences experimental field, 24 ° 25 ' 32.12 of north latitude " 98 ° 34 ' 23.87 of east longitude ", 913 meters of height above sea level.Experimental field
Preceding stubble rice, soil types are loam, and fertility is better-than-average.
2, test method:
1) date of seeding: being divided to two dates of seeding, the sowing of the Parent same period:
(1) one date of seeding, poured water on October 9th, 2014, sowing on October 10, and 4 mu of sown area；
(2) two dates of seeding, rained on October 19th, 2014, sowing on October 20, and 1.5 mu of sown area.
It first pours water and sows afterwards, after planting with " Guang Jiaan " envelope grass, 80 milliliter/mu of dosage.
Row ratio: maternal 6 rows, 2 row of male parent are planted with moisture in the soil.
Seeding row spacing: the 2 plants/pool of seedling is stayed away from 25cm in small line-spacing 40cm, wide row space 70cm, the pool, 8000 plants/acre of maternal density,
2700 plants/acre of male parent density.
Divide moisture in the soil: 4.4 meters of the every moisture in the soil of sown scope, moisture in the soil direction is consistent with green pod phase wind direction.
4.4 meters of every moisture in the soil sown scope, 4 mu of plot area of 1 date of seeding (October 10), totally 12 moisture in the soil；
1.5 mu of plot area of date of seeding (October 20), totally 4.5 moisture in the soil.
3, technical measures
Fertilising:
Base fertilizer: 20,000 grams/acre of compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15)；20,000 grams/acre of calcium superphosphate；2 kilograms of boron fertilizer/
Mu.
Top dressing: 1 date of seeding of October 29, seedling stage spread fertilizer over the fields 3,000 grams/acre of urea, and October 26,27,28 rained.On November 22 2
Date of seeding, seedling stage spread fertilizer over the fields 3,000 grams/acre of urea.
BOITING STAGE top dressing: 19-20 days November, 1 phase combine the ridging of thinning tillage and weeding to impose 15,000 grams/acre of compound fertilizers.
November 30,2 phases combine tillage and weeding to impose 15,000 grams/acre of compound fertilizers.
Thinning: 2-4 in November day 1 date of seeding thinning；2 dates of seeding thinning on November 20
Disease-resistant: A Wei bacterium element ﹒ rattled away full clever 800 times and sprayed November 5；November, the phonetic bacterium rouge 1000 of 25 day cream urea sprayed again；
December 2 sprayed 800 times of imidacloprid；December 22 sprayed 800 times of imidacloprid.
It irrigates: October 9, November 23, December 8；
Beat tongue fur: December 1, a phase male parent beat tongue fur；Second phase December 26 male parent is wiped out once.
Impurity elimination: the time of infertility, which checks in removal Parent material, mixes strain, variant.
4, result and analysis
(1) breeding time
From one, two breeding time date of seeding tables, cenospecies (female parent) breeding time is respectively 146,143 days, each date of seeding difference
Less, evening date of seeding, the trend that breeding time is reduced.Male parent each breeding time date of seeding is 138,139 days, and difference is little.It is made in hybridization
In kind, restorer=male parent, sterile line=female parent.
Table one: each date of seeding Parent breeding time
(2) Major Economic
From the point of view of Main Economic Characters, a date of seeding hybrid plant plant height is 19.1 lis high compared with male parent up to 199.4 centimetres
Rice；Two 188.5 centimetres of date of seeding hybrid plant plant heights are 9.8 centimetres high compared with male parent；One phase cenospecies plant is more the second stage of 10.9 lis high
Rice.
The effective silique number of single plant, a date of seeding cenospecies 308.7, average seed number per pod 10.57,4.73 grams of mass of 1000 kernel；Two
Date of seeding cenospecies 341.7, average seed number per pod 11.53,4.35 grams of mass of 1000 kernel；The effective angle of two date of seeding cenospecies and male parent
Fruit number, seed number per pod are more compared with a date of seeding, and the mass of 1000 kernel of two date of seeding cenospecies and male parent is low compared with a date of seeding.
Table 2: Major Economic table
Table 3: breeding time meteorological record
(3) yield
From the point of view of output condition, 83.4 thousand grams/acre of a date of seeding cenospecies, two 102.86 thousand grams/acre of date of seeding cenospecies, compared with
One date of seeding, is high by 23.3%；One 39.8 thousand grams/acre of date of seeding male parent, two 50,000 grams/acre of date of seeding male parents are high compared with a date of seeding by 20.4%.
Table 4: each date of seeding output condition table (parental=2:6)
Below with reference to producing method for seed, the invention will be further described.
Producing method for seed provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes: mechanical site preparation ridging technology, and the sowing of the Parent same period adjusts flower
Phase technology, rational close planting promote strong sprout, increase silique technology, science application boron fertilizer, disease pest and weed Synthetical prevention technology.
Production of hybrid seeds place: 6 mu of Dehong prefecture agricultural technology center proving ground, 6 mu of the village Hu Yu test site, 913 meters of height above sea level,
2016 annual 12 mu of area of cross-bred rape (E07H027) production of hybrid seeds of high oleic acids.
Sowing time: 6 mu of the agrotechnical multi-center trial area of base in state, sowing in Parent on October 24th, 2016, the test of the village Hu Yu
3 mu of area of point, sowing on November 8,3 mu of the village Hu Yu testing site area, sowing on October 24, transplanting on November 16.Further visit
Rope different sowing dates and the high oleic acid hybrid rape seed yield of live streaming and culturing and transplanting seedlings.
Sowing and field management: parental 2:6 is ditched using mini-tiller, and 0.7 meter of wide row space, 0.4 meter of small line-spacing.
2500 plants of male parent density or so/mu, 8000 plants or so/mu of maternal density is broadcast live；2000 plants or so of culturing and transplanting seedlings male parent density/
Mu, 6000 plants or so/mu of maternal density.15 kilograms of base fertilizer Mu Shi compound fertilizer, 2 kilograms of boron fertilizer, top dressing seedling stage mu impose urea 10
Kilogram, squaring period mu imposes 20 kilograms of urea, and flowering stage uses 50 grams/acre of " the happy boron of speed ", is watered foliage-spray twice, does a good job of it disease
Worm prevention and control of weeds, cultivation and banking field management, seedling stage, peduncle-growing period for rapeseed, the stringent impurity elimination roguing of flowering stage guarantee seed production purity.
Yield surveys result certainly:
Survey production method: according to sowing time is not had to, different planting respectively takes 3-5 points, and each point takes 11m2Investigate mu
Strain number, each point continuously take 5 plants of investigation pods, grain number.
It surveys and produces result: sowing on October 24,6 mu of area, 8409 plants per acre of average growth density, single plant silique number 333.5
It is a, seed number per pod 14.4,4.5 grams of mass of 1000 kernel (mass of 1000 kernel uses average value over the years), 154.5 kilograms of theoretical average yield per mu；October
It sows within 24th, transplanting on November 16,3 mu of area, 6772 plants per acre of average growth density, single plant silique number 370.2, angle grain
Number 15.3,4.5 grams of mass of 1000 kernel (mass of 1000 kernel uses average value over the years), 146.7 kilograms of theoretical average yield per mu；November 8 was broadcast
Kind, 3 mu of area, 8002 plants per acre of average growth density, single plant silique number 347.3, seed number per pod 14.2, mass of 1000 kernel 4.5
Gram (mass of 1000 kernel use average value over the years), 150.9 kilograms of theoretical average yield per mu.(yield measuring and calculating: the strain number of yield=per acre × mono-
Strain effectively silique number × seed number per pod × mass of 1000 kernel × survey produces coefficient (0.85) × 10-6).It is detailed in species test table.
Species test table
Cenospecies mass of 1000 kernel uses 4.5 grams of average value over the years, parental 2:6
Below with reference to effect, the invention will be further described.
The present invention explore high oleic acid cross-bred rape E07H027 low altitude area (1000 meters or less) production of hybrid seeds sowing time,
Planting density, fertilising, disease pest and weed prevention and control, Parent flowering regulation technology and high oleic acid hybrid rape seed pure keeping technology.
For the other regional winter production high oleic acid napus hybrids of the high oleic acid cross-bred rape market demand and Yunnan Province
The problem of kind is influenced vulnerable to frost establishes safety for the high oleic acid hybrid rape seed base of kind, produces high-quality high oleic acid hybridization
Rape breeding meets production demonstration demand, has demoncal ration effect.
High oleic acid cross-bred rape high-yield seeds production technique, cenospecies per mu yield reach 150 kilograms, and seed pure keeping technology, purity reaches
To 90%, reach the advanced level of leading, domestic precocious high oleic acid hybrid rape seed inside the province.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of three incross rapeseed method, which is characterized in that the three incross rapeseed method integration production of hybrid seeds
Selection method, the method for cropping pattern, mechanical intertillage management method, florescence control method, to optimum sowing time, with kind of a quantity,
Planting patterns, planting density, plantation proportion, Fertilization Level, height above sea level influence, beat a kind of sedge period height, florescence control, fertilizing method,
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, weeds control optimization and screening, carry out three incross rapeseed；
The selection method on the production of hybrid seeds ground includes:
Select north latitude less than 24.5 °, the subtropical zone area Dong Zuo, height above sea level is less than 1000 meters, and winter illumination is sufficient, most cold monthly mean temperature
Greater than 10 DEG C, the florescence, isolation condition was good naturally, is ringed on three sides by mountains, and preceding to make non-crucifer, the soil is porous without generation is damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature,
The good arable land of irrigation and drainage is used as rape seed base；
The method of the cropping pattern includes:
Late October to early November plows once wait broadcast, and broadcasts first 15 days analysis soil moisture situations；
Soil moisture content is controlled before broadcasting, sowing the previous day rakes the soil level twice；
Late October to early November is sowed using the Parent same period, opens seed furrow, ditch depth 5cm, small line-spacing 40cm, wide row space
70cm, 8 row, 4.4 meter Wei Yi moisture in the soil, direction of ploughing the first furrow as a guideline are vertical with wind direction；
Mineral water bottle is taken, by bottle cap drill straight diameter 6mm circular hole, is put into seed, seed piles 4/5 space of bottle, makes each program request
6-8 seeds are fallen, with the pool away from the uniform paces program request of 20-25cm, broadcast rear cover soil thickness 2-3cm；
Improve sterile line female parent density, parental 2:6,40 grams of mu sowing quantity male parent, 120 grams of female parent；
The base fertilizer mu amount of applying is 15 kilograms of compound fertilizer, 20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 2 kilograms of borax, is spread fertilizer over the fields after mixing in broadcasting in seed furrow
Kind；
Soil moisture is sowed up to 65%, sprays envelope grass with 150ml/ mus of pendimethalin of component content 33% after sowing blinding；
7 days after broadcasting, after emergence, it is primary that mu with 2% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate of 15ml sprays prevention and treatment flea beetle；
30 days after broadcasting, final singling is 2500 plants/acre of male parent density, 10000 plants/acre maternal, after final singling in fine day afternoon, small line-spacing
Spread fertilizer over the fields 8,000 grams/acre of urea；
35 days after broadcasting, disease is controlled；
Mechanical intertillage management method includes:
The Parent same period after planting 40 days, soil moisture is analyzed, is poured water primary, is filled fastly fastly arrange, no ponding；
After pouring water 1-2 days, bolting fertilizer is applied, 10 kilograms of compound fertilizer of mu, 20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate spread fertilizer over the fields in wide row space two sides rape
Plant is close to root；
Wide row space trench digging, ditch depth 10cm remove weeds and complete ridging；
It broadcasts latter 50-55 days, with 100 grams/acre of 25% carbendazol wettable powder, is watered 30L and sprays foliar control downy mildew；With
5% 30ml/ mus of imidacloprid missible oil sprays bud in bud stage and prevents eliminating aphis, and Post flowering then no longer sprays；
The florescence control method includes:
Male parent grows into the flat-top phase, makes a call to 1 every 3~4 plants, removes main inflorescence and following 3~4 branched inflorescence, extends male parent flower
Phase increases male parent flower number and pollen amount；
After Parent enters flowering stage, mu is spread fertilizer over the fields in the small line-spacing of male parent with 2 kilograms of urea, increases paternal plant nutrition, is improved
Pollen amount, extension male parent florescence are longer than female parent；
Squaring period and flowering stage ,+0.1% happy boron of speed of 0.8% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of Parent foliage-spray are secondary；
Into full-bloom stage, a water is filled, fills fastly fastly arranges, no longer pour water later；Generation or the blooming control for controlling maternal micro mist are whole
Together, prevent unlimited Flowering Phenomenon；
Roguing measure is through entire production of hybrid seeds process；Male parent is cut off in advance after the florescence；
Next year mid or late March when maternal 70% -80% flavescence brown of silique, is gathered in using high stake, and dried in high stake, is taken off
Grain.
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| CN111165346B (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-10-16 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for producing seeds of cabbage type hybrid rape |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN86108723A (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1988-07-27 | 陕西省农垦科技教育中心 | Cabbage type rape ternary hybridization and culture technique |
| CN103461097A (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2013-12-25 | 江苏丰源种业有限公司 | Combined seed production method for three-line hybrid oilseed rape |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN86108723A (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1988-07-27 | 陕西省农垦科技教育中心 | Cabbage type rape ternary hybridization and culture technique |
| CN103461097A (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2013-12-25 | 江苏丰源种业有限公司 | Combined seed production method for three-line hybrid oilseed rape |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 杂交油菜黔黄油21号父本中心式制种技术及示范应用效果;李德文等;《贵州农业科学》;20101231;第38卷(第11期);第124-126页 |
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