CN103404428B - Cross-breeding method of Fuhong large cherry - Google Patents
Cross-breeding method of Fuhong large cherry Download PDFInfo
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- CN103404428B CN103404428B CN201310312148.4A CN201310312148A CN103404428B CN 103404428 B CN103404428 B CN 103404428B CN 201310312148 A CN201310312148 A CN 201310312148A CN 103404428 B CN103404428 B CN 103404428B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cross-breeding method of Fuhong large cherry. The cross-breeding method comprises following steps: male parent Zaohong cherry and female parent Hongdeng cherry are cultivated in Shandong; in spring, artificial greenhouses are used so as to protect the male parent and the female parent from influences of cold spell in later spring, and to help to maintain relatively excellent blooming and fruit setting performances of the male parent and the female parent; since the flowering season of the male parent is 3 to 4 days earlier than that of the female parent, the flowering season of the male parent is shifted to an earlier date by photoinduction so that the flowering seasons of the male parent and the female parent are identical; pollination of the female parent is performed by artificial pollination method so as to realize the cross-breeding of the two species, or the pollen of the male parent is collected, and the stigma of the female parent at flowering season is fertilized with the pollen so as to realize the cross-breeding of the two species; and then the Fuhong large cherry breed is obtained. The Fuhong large cherry breed can be cultivated in South Jiangsu, is capable of booming and bearing fruits, and is adapted to the environment of local areas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to good fortune red large cherry hybridization breeding method, this method adopts Italy's red cherry morning and red light cherry crossing to cultivate the red large cherry kind of good fortune, belongs to crossbreeding field.
Background technology
Cherry is that a kind of profile is gratifying, the fruit of rich in nutrition content, also can be used as medicine, cherry is the general designation of the plant of some Prunus, comprise cherry subgenus, sour cherry subgenus, laural cherry subgenus etc., cherry of a great variety, the cherry kind of China's cultivation has cherry, Nanking cherry, sweet cherry, sour cherry and sweet cherry hybrid, the kind of cherry has red light, early red, pioneer, large purple Rabin Si, early beautiful, Long Guan, early large fruit etc., the cherry of each kind all has strict requirement to growing environment, can only grow in specific amblent air temperature, at present, also there is no good mouthfeel, and the cherry variety be suitable in southern area of Jiangsu Province cultivation, the time of southern area of Jiangsu Province temperature in winter below 4 DEG C is short
,at present, can only rely on to introduce from other places or external import cherry fruit to meet local market demand, cost of transportation is high, causes cherry higher in the price of locality, can not meet the crowd of ordinary consumption level.
Red light cherry is a kind of precocious type kind, Dalian agri-scientific research studies carefully institute in 1963 by Na Weng and topaz cross breeding, principal character is that tree vigo(u)r strong germination rate height becomes principal stresses strong, treelet phase tree vigo(u)r is upright, and cry clump then, branch is shape not easily, bud is the interim length of fruit just, fruit is more, and the full bearing period, half-open of tree crown, strengthened fruit branch result based on fruit spur and bouquet.It is partially late that treelet starts result, general 4 years raw beginning results, and at 8 ~ 10 days florescences, many from flower in every inflorescence 6 ~ 12 pollen, ripening rate is low, need join pollinizers.Maturing stage, late May to early June was ripe in Area in Yantai Region, red light high yield matter shape, but before fruit, chance rain fruit has slight dehiscent fruit phenomenon, Cracking fruit about 10%.
Italy is early red, and Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences introduces from Italy for 1989, in the development of Area in Yantai Region, Shandong after 1992, and now large result.Have the feature of early reality, precocity, high and stable yield, 3 annual bearings, 5 years high yields, are beautiful appearance in sweet cherry, local flavor are fragrant and sweet, quite have the precocious improved seeds of promotional value.This varietal adaptation is strong, and cold-resistant, drought resisting, in more barren gravel matter and sandy loam, cultivating and growing is well solid.Self-flowering fruiting, self-pollination flower fruit-setting rate can reach about 40%, and cross pollination fruit-setting rate is better.Because prematurity is strong, it is the first-selected kind of current Protectorate cultivation.Ripe in Changli, Hebei late May, 35 ~ 40 days breeding times of fruit.
Crossbreeding is a kind of method that conventional biology cultivates new varieties, and crossbreeding refers to hybridize between different population, different genotype individuality, and is bred as the method for kind of isozygotying by selecting in its hybrid generation.Hybridization can make the recombination of genes of parents, forms various different type, for selecting to provide abundant material; The excellent genes that parents can be controlled various trait by genetic recombination is incorporated into one, or is accumulated by the different minor genes controlling same proterties in parents, produces the type exceeding parent in each this proterties.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned Problems existing, the invention discloses a kind of good fortune red large cherry hybridization breeding method, this hybridization is cultivated and is selected the morning in cherry variety red in male parent, red light is hybridized as female parent, cultivation obtains hybridization first filial generation seed, just be the red kind of good fortune, first filial generation planting seed will be hybridized, cultivation becomes plant, cultivates, to pick out growth healthy and strong at field cultivation, good fortune red kind cherry 3 annual bearing, 5 years high yields, the growing environment of a southern Jiangsu generation can be adapted to, meet the demand when ground-cheery market, reduce the market price of cherry.
Good fortune red large cherry hybridization breeding method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) cultivating the red cherry and red light cherry morning of robust growth, pick out in the 4th annual bearing very large, bright in colour, the uniform plant of fruit size, is respectively 10 ~ 20;
(2) in the 5th year, by the plant that step (1) is selected, early red cherry is as male parent, red light cherry is as female parent, at bud stage, to maternal emasculation, bagging after emasculation, and do maternal mark, duration of flowering, first day of male parent being bloomed is invested on maternal column cap to the pollen dipping of the 4th day, and morning and afternoon pollinate once respectively, pollination continuously two days are spent in every strain, and after pollination, female parent continues bagging;
(3) after the florescence, take the bagging on female parent, keep maternal mark;
(4) until June then, hybridize the fruit maturation obtained, take out pulp, obtain hybridization first filial generation seed, dried by hybridization first filial generation seed, drying is stowed to next year;
(5) in the rice bran peat after hybridization first filial generation planting seed step (4) obtained to sterilization, seed more than buried depth 1.5cm, rice bran peat keeps moist, surface whiting is watered, when tree seedling grows to 2.5-3cm height, seedling replanting is cultivated in the plastic basin that transplanting medium is 18cm × 18cm humous, obtains the red large cherry plant of First Year good fortune;
(6) the red large cherry plant of good fortune step (5) obtained is transplanted to field at Second Year spring, and the column pitch of the red large cherry plant of good fortune is 3m, and line space is 4m, adjacent 2 row trench diggings, furrow width 1m, dark 0.8m.
In step (1) morning red cherry and red light cherry in the cultivating process of 4 years, spring to morning red cherry and red light cherry carry out green house cultivation, control in greenhouse daytime manner at 15 ~ 22 DEG C, night, temperature was at 9 ~ 15 DEG C, temperature average indoor temperature is 12.5 ~ 17 DEG C, sooner or later the temperature difference is 5 ~ 10 DEG C, early Shandong District cultivated by red cherry and red light cherry, local environment weather reaches: average temperature of the whole year more than 12 DEG C, in 1 year, daily mean temperature more than 10 DEG C time requirements have 150 ~ 200 days, annual rainfall 600 ~ 700 millimeters, the pH value of soil is 5.6 ~ 7.0.
In described step (1) morning red cherry and red light cherry in the cultivating process of 4 years, to prune away major branch in Second Year late spring, retain other branch, 3rd year late spring, prune away the new shoot sprouted then, within the 4th year, observes flowers and the fruit of early red cherry and red light cherry, and it is close to mark the florescence, limb growth is vigorous, and flowers are many, the plant that fruit is large.
Described step will adjust the florescence to female parent in (2) before the florescence, adopts the mixed light of royal purple light and ruddiness, and 5:15-7:15 irradiates maternal bud between the lights, until bud is bloomed after becoming to grow up to bud, mixed light is stopped to irradiate, 3-4 days maternal in advance florescences, maternal consistent with the florescence of male parent.
The flux ratio of described royal purple light and ruddiness is 1:1, and the wavelength adopting royal purple light is 650 ~ 690nm, and the wavelength of ruddiness is 640 ~ 660nm.
In described step (2), pollination time is between 8 o'clock to 10 o'clock every morning, or between 5 o'clock to 6 o'clock afternoon.
The seed of the hybridization first filial generation of described step (5) is selected, in sowing in spring, to cultivate the area in southern area of Jiangsu Province.
Male parent Post flowering in described step (2), collects the pollen of male parent, and naturally dries process, treat that female parent is bloomed, utilize writing brush to dip pollen and be coated on maternal column cap.
The present invention, male parent and female parent is cultivated in Shandong District, the weather of Shandong District is suitable for the growth of early red and red light, but, spring climate variability, cold in the late spring can have a great impact fruit-setting rate that is red and red light morning, even can cause can not bearing fruit of early red and red light, so in the process of cultivating maternal and male parent, have employed spring male parent and maternal outside prop green house, control male parent and maternal growth, female parent, maternal normally blooming and bear fruit can not be affected.Male parent is maternal at florescence ratio, adopt photoinduction, male parent is allowed to shift to an earlier date the florescence, consistent with the maternal florescence, adopt the mode of artificial pollination to maternal pollination, realize the hybridization of two kinds, or collect the pollen of male parent, when the maternal florescence, the pollen of male parent is invested maternal column cap, realize the hybridization of two kinds.Key of the present invention is, cultivate early stage and select male parent, maternal, forbid male parent and the maternal impact being subject to cold in the late spring, under environment identical normally, the florescence of male parent was than maternal Zao 3-4 days, photoinduced form can be taked, allow maternal advance flowering period, consistent with male parent, be convenient to pollen period synchronous with maternal flowering stage, or collect the pollen of male parent, until maternal Post flowering, invest on maternal column cap, realize the hybridization of early red and red light, it is red that hybridization obtains hybridization first filial generation good fortune, exist with the form of seed, after planting seed, obtain the red plant of good fortune, the feature of good fortune red plant set early red and red light, the amblent air temperature of southern area of Jiangsu Province can be adapted to, can at southern area of Jiangsu Province popularizing planting, 3 annual bearings, 5 years high yields.
Embodiment
Embodiment below, illustrates the present invention further.
Embodiment 1:
This good fortune red large cherry hybridization breeding method, comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivating the red cherry and red light cherry morning of robust growth, pick out in the 4th annual bearing very large, bright in colour, the uniform plant of fruit size, is respectively 10 ~ 20;
(2) in the 5th year, by the plant that step (1) is selected, early red cherry is as male parent, red light cherry is as female parent, at bud stage, to maternal emasculation, bagging after emasculation, and do maternal mark, duration of flowering, first day of male parent being bloomed is invested on maternal column cap to the pollen dipping of the 4th day, and morning and afternoon pollinate once respectively, pollination continuously two days are spent in every strain, and after pollination, female parent continues bagging;
(3) after the florescence, take the bagging on female parent, keep maternal mark;
(4) until June then, hybridize the fruit maturation obtained, take out pulp, obtain hybridization first filial generation seed, dried by hybridization first filial generation seed, drying is stowed to next year;
(5) in the rice bran peat after hybridization first filial generation planting seed step (4) obtained to sterilization, seed more than buried depth 1.5cm, rice bran peat keeps moist, surface whiting is watered, when tree seedling grows to 2.5-3cm height, seedling replanting is cultivated in the plastic basin that transplanting medium is 18cm × 18cm humous, obtains the red large cherry plant of First Year good fortune;
(6) the red large cherry plant of good fortune step (5) obtained is transplanted to field at Second Year spring, and the column pitch of the red large cherry plant of good fortune is 3m, and line space is 4m, adjacent 2 row trench diggings, furrow width 1m, dark 0.8m.
This hybridization breeding method, main core is the female parent and male parent that will ensure to select, before hybridizing, maternal and male parent all can be bloomed well, be beared fruit, and the adjustment florescence is consistent, gather the pollen of beginning within 5 days of blooming, the activity of pollen is comparatively strong, and the success rate of hybridization is high, hybridizes the seed obtained and is hybridization first filial generation, the seed of hybridization first filial generation is cultivated strain in southern area of Jiangsu Province, just can normal growth result.
In described step (1) morning red cherry and red light cherry in the cultivating process of 4 years, spring to morning red cherry and red light cherry carry out green house cultivation, control in greenhouse daytime manner at 15 ~ 22 DEG C, night, temperature was at 9 ~ 15 DEG C, temperature average indoor temperature is 12.5 ~ 17 DEG C, sooner or later the temperature difference is 5 ~ 10 DEG C, early a Shandong generation cultivated by red cherry and red light cherry, local environment weather reaches: average temperature of the whole year more than 12 DEG C, in 1 year, daily mean temperature more than 10 DEG C time requirements have 150 ~ 200 days, annual rainfall 600 ~ 700 millimeters, the pH value of soil is 5.6 ~ 7.0.Allow male parent and maternal to cultivate in its control environment, keep the blooming of maternal and male parent preferably, ability of bearing fruit.
In described step (1) morning red cherry and red light cherry in the cultivating process of 4 years, to prune away major branch in Second Year late spring, retain other branch, 3rd year late spring, prune away the new shoot sprouted then, within the 4th year, observes flowers and the fruit of early red cherry and red light cherry, and it is close to mark the florescence, limb growth is vigorous, and flowers are many, the plant that fruit is large.Avoid maternal and male parent growth major branch, consume a large amount of nutrition, be unfavorable for storing nutrient energy, be used for blooming and bear fruit, meanwhile, major branch growth is too high, exceed human normal operation height, manually gather pollen, maternal emasculation and maternal pollination action need staircase, make troubles to operating personnel.
Described step will adjust the florescence to female parent in (2) before the florescence, adopts the mixed light of royal purple light and ruddiness, and 5:15-7:15 irradiates maternal bud between the lights, until bud is bloomed after becoming to grow up to bud, mixed light is stopped to irradiate, 3-4 days maternal in advance florescences, maternal consistent with the florescence of male parent.Royal purple light and ruddiness can stimulate in maternal plant, the spectrum of the aggregate velocity of molecule of blooming, at dusk 5:15-7:15, maternal after receiving the solar radiation of a day, synthase activity in body is higher, uses light stimulus, can accelerate the aggregate velocity controlling the molecule of blooming.
The flux ratio of described royal purple light and ruddiness is 1:1, and the wavelength adopting royal purple light is 650 ~ 690nm, and the wavelength of ruddiness is 640 ~ 660nm.Such wavelength, and the mixed proportion of ripple, the mixed light obtained, can stimulate the molecule of blooming to female parent, extends and controls to bloom the generated time of molecule, reach the quantity increasing and open fractionated molecule, thus allows maternal Blooming.
Pollination time is between 8 o'clock to 10 o'clock every morning in described step (2), or between 5 o'clock to 6 o'clock afternoon, pollen in this time range activity the most by force, the most stable, the activity of maternal column cap and stable the highest, the probability that success is pollinated is the highest.
The seed of the hybridization first filial generation of described step (5) is selected, in sowing in spring, to cultivate the area in southern area of Jiangsu Province.The seed of hybridization first filial generation, be loaded with male parent and maternal gene simultaneously, show the time shorten that winter needs the cold stimulation be subject to, can bloom equally in spring, bear fruit, in the climatic environment of southern Jiangsu, can cultivate smoothly, bear fruit, meet the local market demand, reduce the cost of market supply cherry.
Embodiment 2:
Difference from Example 1 is, does not need to carry out light stimulus to female parent, in advance the florescence, the mode adopted is, male parent Post flowering in step (2) collects the pollen of male parent, and naturally dry process, treat that female parent is bloomed, utilize writing brush to dip pollen and be coated on maternal column cap.Do not need to adopt light stimulus, simplify flow process, collect pollen, by the time after maternal column cap maturation, belong on maternal column cap, the pollen of male parent also can be allowed to stimulate maternal column cap growth achievement, in this pollinating process, need the pollen amount strengthening pollination, and can repeatedly pollinate, ensure that male parent successfully can stimulate maternal growth.
Technological means disclosed in the present invention program is not limited only to the technological means disclosed in above-mentioned technological means, also comprises the technical scheme be made up of above technical characteristic.
Claims (5)
1. good fortune red large cherry hybridization breeding method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) cultivate the red cherry and red light cherry morning of robust growth, pick out in the 4th annual bearing very large, bright in colour, the uniform plant of fruit size, is respectively 10 ~ 20;
(2) in the 5th year, by the plant that step (1) is selected, early red cherry is as male parent, red light cherry is as female parent, at bud stage, to maternal emasculation, bagging after emasculation, and do maternal mark, duration of flowering, first day of male parent being bloomed is invested on maternal column cap to the pollen dipping of the 4th day, and morning and afternoon pollinate once respectively, pollination continuously two days are spent in every strain, and after pollination, female parent continues bagging;
(3) after the florescence, take the bagging on female parent, keep maternal mark;
(4) until June then, hybridize the fruit maturation obtained, take out pulp, obtain hybridization first filial generation seed, dried by hybridization first filial generation seed, drying is stowed to next year;
(5) in the rice bran peat after hybridization first filial generation planting seed step (4) obtained to sterilization, seed more than buried depth 1.5cm, rice bran peat keeps moist, surface whiting is watered, when tree seedling grows to 2.5-3cm height, seedling replanting is cultivated in the plastic basin that transplanting medium is 18cm × 18cm humous, obtains the red large cherry plant of First Year good fortune;
(6) the red large cherry plant of good fortune step (5) obtained is transplanted to field at Second Year spring, and the column pitch of the red large cherry plant of good fortune is 3m, and line space is 4m, adjacent 2 row trench diggings, furrow width 1m, dark 0.8m;
Wherein: in described step (1) morning red cherry and red light cherry in the cultivating process of 4 years, spring to morning red cherry and red light cherry carry out green house cultivation, daytime temperature in control greenhouse is at 15 ~ 22 DEG C, night, temperature was at 9 ~ 15 DEG C, temperature average indoor temperature is 12.5 ~ 17 DEG C, sooner or later the temperature difference is 5 ~ 10 DEG C, the early Shandong District of red cherry and the cultivation of red light cherry, local environment weather reaches: average temperature of the whole year more than 12 DEG C, in 1 year, daily mean temperature more than 10 DEG C time requirements have 150 ~ 200 days, annual rainfall 600 ~ 700 millimeters, the pH value of soil is 5.6 ~ 7.0,
In described step (2), pollination time is between 8 o'clock to 10 o'clock every morning, or between 5 o'clock to 6 o'clock afternoon.
2. good fortune according to claim 1 red large cherry hybridization breeding method, it is characterized in that in described step (1) morning red cherry and red light cherry in the cultivating process of 4 years, to prune away major branch in Second Year late spring, retain other branch, the 3rd year late spring, prune away the new shoot sprouted then, within 4th year, observe flowers and the fruit of early red cherry and red light cherry, and it is close to mark the florescence, limb growth is vigorous, flowers are many, the plant that fruit is large.
3. good fortune according to claim 1 red large cherry hybridization breeding method, it is characterized in that to adjust the florescence to female parent in described step (2) before the florescence, adopt the mixed light of royal purple light and ruddiness, 5:15-7:15 irradiates maternal bud between the lights, until bud is bloomed after becoming to grow up to bud, mixed light is stopped to irradiate, 3-4 days maternal in advance florescences, maternal consistent with the florescence of male parent; The flux ratio of described royal purple light and ruddiness is 1:1, and the wavelength adopting royal purple light is 650 ~ 690nm, and the wavelength of ruddiness is 640 ~ 660nm.
4. good fortune according to claim 1 red large cherry hybridization breeding method, is characterized in that the seed of the hybridization first filial generation of described step (5) is selected, in sowing in spring, to cultivate the area in a southern Jiangsu generation.
5. good fortune according to claim 1 red large cherry hybridization breeding method, is characterized in that male parent Post flowering in described step (2), collects the pollen of male parent, and naturally dry process, treat that female parent is bloomed, utilize writing brush to dip pollen and be coated on maternal column cap.
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| CN105165595B (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-07-04 | 广州天适集团有限公司 | The method that one kind improves ' Guangzhou ' cherry and ' Chinese red ' cherry hybridization pollination setting percentage |
| CN105154384A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2015-12-16 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Method for improving large cherry pollen germination rate |
| CN105766299B (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2018-08-24 | 乐亭丞起现代农业发展有限公司 | Ripe cultural method during a kind of potting large cherry Spring Festival |
| CN105941130A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-09-21 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院生物技术研究所 | Large cherry breeding method |
| CN107114233A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-09-01 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | A kind of method of morello and black skin cherry crossing |
| CN107258451A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-10-20 | 苏州蓝碧农产品发展有限公司 | It is a kind of to improve the implantation methods of cherry yield |
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| CN102742504A (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2012-10-24 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for cultivating new self-fruitful cherry germplasm |
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| 意大利早红樱桃引种表现及栽培技术;郭婷婷;《河北果树》;20101231(第5期);第24-25页 * |
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