CN115486335A - Rapid propagation and generation-adding method for tomatoes - Google Patents
Rapid propagation and generation-adding method for tomatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN115486335A CN115486335A CN202211369753.0A CN202211369753A CN115486335A CN 115486335 A CN115486335 A CN 115486335A CN 202211369753 A CN202211369753 A CN 202211369753A CN 115486335 A CN115486335 A CN 115486335A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid propagation and generation-adding method for tomatoes, and relates to the technical field of generation-adding breeding of tomatoes. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, sowing germinated tomato seeds in a culture medium, and after the tomato seeds break the ground, culturing under the conditions of a mixed light source of red light, blue light and green light and irrigation of a 100% nitrogen nutrient solution; step 2, carrying out environment regulation and control in the tomato seedling stage, specifically comprising the following steps: cultivating under the conditions of a red light and green light mixed light source and pouring of 50% nitrogen nutrient solution; step 3, carrying out environment regulation and control in the flowering period of the tomatoes, specifically comprising the following steps: cultivating under the conditions of a red light and green light mixed light source and 100% nitrogen nutrient solution irrigation; step 4, carrying out environment regulation and control in a fruiting period; and 5, harvesting after the color of the tomato fruits is changed. The invention shortens the breeding period of tomato breeding generation, improves the breeding efficiency and is expected to breed 6-7 generations in one year.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tomato generation-adding breeding, in particular to a rapid propagation generation-adding method for tomatoes.
Background
Tomato is one of three world trade vegetables, and plays an important role in the global vegetable trade. With the continuous development of world science and technology, the production level of tomatoes in the world is continuously improved, but the unit production level of tomatoes in each continent is greatly different. In addition to the difference in production technology, the cultivation of high-quality tomato seeds is the key technology for ensuring the yield and quality of tomatoes. At present, two common tomato breeding means are provided, one is that the traditional cross-breeding is realized, stable characters are obtained through repeated cross-breeding, and high-quality tomato varieties are cultivated; and secondly, transgenic breeding is carried out, and the improvement of the gene level is realized by means of transgenosis so as to stabilize the tomato variety with excellent characters. Due to the limitation of regional climate conditions, the traditional field tomato breeding can only increase 1-2 generations in a year, and the time for cultivating a high-quality tomato variety is often several years or even ten years. Transgenes have the advantage of a relatively short breeding cycle, and the target variety can be obtained by 1-2 cultivations under normal conditions. However, considering the food safety problem, for tomato, a popular vegetable which is widely planted and consumed in a large amount worldwide, the traditional crossbreeding mode with long period and relatively low efficiency is mainly adopted. Tomatoes are typical neutral crops, are insensitive to photoperiod, and a greenhouse breeding method taking photoperiod regulation as a main means is difficult to apply to tomato breeding, so that the conventional breeding mode of the existing field or greenhouse is difficult to meet the huge demand of development of modern facility gardening industry on high-quality tomato seeds. Therefore, a rapid, safe and environment-friendly breeding method is needed to change the problems faced by the current tomato breeding industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention provides a rapid tomato propagation and generation-adding method, which can greatly shorten the propagation period of high-quality tomato planting, improve the tomato breeding efficiency and success rate, and has the characteristics of rapidness, safety and environmental friendliness.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a method for rapid generation-adding breeding of tomatoes, which comprises the following steps: step 1, sowing germinated tomato seeds in a culture medium, and after the tomato seeds break the ground, culturing under the conditions of a mixed light source of red light, blue light and green light and irrigation of a 100% nitrogen nutrient solution;
step 2, carrying out environment regulation and control in the tomato seedling stage, specifically comprising the following steps: cultivating under the conditions of a red light and green light mixed light source and pouring of 50% nitrogen nutrient solution;
step 3, carrying out environment regulation and control in the flowering period of the tomatoes, specifically comprising the following steps: cultivating under the conditions of a red light and green light mixed light source and 100% nitrogen nutrient solution irrigation;
step 4, performing environment regulation and control in a fruiting period, specifically: cultivating under the conditions of red light, blue light and green light mixed light source and 100% nitrogen nutrient solution irrigation;
and 5, harvesting after the color of the tomato fruits is changed.
The tomato seedling stage refers to the period from the emergence of a first true leaf to the emergence of a first inflorescence bud of a tomato;
the flowering period of the tomatoes refers to the period from the bud emergence of the first inflorescence to the fruit setting of the first inflorescence;
tomato fruiting period refers to the period from the first inflorescence fruit setting to the time when the fruit is harvested.
Further, in the step 1, the germinated tomato seeds are prepared by sequentially performing seed soaking and germination accelerating treatment on the tomato seeds.
The seed soaking method specifically comprises the following steps: selecting complete and plump tomato seeds, washing with water for 2-3 times, and soaking the seeds in water at 20-25 deg.C for 12-18h;
the germination accelerating method specifically comprises the following steps: uniformly spreading the soaked tomato seeds in a germination accelerating tray paved with wet gauze, adding deionized water to cover the tomato seeds by 10-15mm, sealing, and culturing at 20-25 deg.C in dark environment for 36-48h.
Further, in step 1, the ratio of the illumination intensity of the red light, the blue light and the green light is 1; the cultivation conditions are as follows: the total illumination intensity is 100-150 mu mol m -2 s -1 The photoperiod is 16-20h, the day/night temperature is 25-27 ℃/23-25 ℃, the air humidity is 60-70%, 100% nitrogen nutrient solution is adopted for irrigation once every 2-4 days, and the irrigation amount is 200 mL/plant.
After the tomato seedlings come out of the earth, if pure red light, blue light or green light is adopted, the tomato plants grow vain, the leaves become thin and the growth and development are slow; if a mixed light source with the illumination intensity ratio of red light to green light of 1 is adopted, the tomato is spindly grown in the seedling stage and the leaf surface is reduced; if a mixed light source with the illumination intensity ratio of red light to blue light of 1; if a mixed light source with the illumination intensity ratio of blue light to green light being 1 is adopted, the leaves of the tomato plants become thin, which is not beneficial to the light energy capture of the leaves and the accumulation of dry matters and influences the growth and development of the later period.
The photoperiod and the illumination intensity are higher than the limited parameters, so that on one hand, the tomato can be curled due to receiving excessive light energy and growth and development are inhibited, and on the other hand, the light energy is wasted and the electric energy consumption is increased; parameters lower than the above limit can cause the tomato to grow slowly and the resistance of the tomato is weakened due to insufficient illumination, and the later-stage light environment and nutrition regulation and control treatment are not facilitated. The preferred defined total illumination intensity according to the invention is therefore between 100 and 150. Mu. Mol m -2 s -1 The photoperiod is 16-20h, and more preferably, the total illumination intensity is limited to 150 μmol m -2 s -1 Photoperiod 18h.
Further, in the step 2, the ratio of the illumination intensity of the red light to the illumination intensity of the green light is 1; the cultivation conditions are as follows: the photoperiod is 16-18h, and the total illumination intensity is 150-250 mu mol m -2 s -1 (ii) a The day and night temperature is 25-27 ℃/20-22 ℃, the air humidity is 60-75%, the 50% nitrogen nutrient solution is irrigated once every 6-8 days, the irrigation amount is 200 mL/plant each time, and the irrigation is not performed in the rest time.
In the seedling stage, if red light is simply adopted as a light source, the excessive growth of the tomatoes, the reduction of the photosynthetic capacity and the delay of the flowering time can be caused; if green light is used as a light source, the tomato plant becomes thin and weak and blooms late due to insufficient photosynthetically active light. The ratio of the red light to the green light at the tomato seedling stage is 1.5-1, so as to construct a specific light environment for stimulating the tomato seedlings to bloom and stimulate the tomatoes to bloom early.
The tomato plants are subjected to light injury due to overhigh parameters such as the light environment, the temperature and the like, so that the flowering time is delayed due to slow growth and development or over-vigorous vegetative growth; if the parameters are too low, the photosynthesis of the tomatoes is reduced, the nutrient supply is poor, the growth and development of the tomatoes are retarded, and the tomatoes cannot bloom early.
The 50% nitrogen nutrient solution is irrigated once every 6-8 days in the seedling stage, the irrigation amount is 200 mL/plant every time, and the purpose of not irrigating in the rest time is to create low-nitrogen and slight drought stress, stimulate the tomatoes to bloom early and quickly finish the whole growth period.
Further, in step 3, the ratio of the illumination intensities of the red light and the green light is 1:0.5 to 1; the cultivation conditions are as follows: the photoperiod is 16-18h, and the total illumination intensity is 200-250 mu mol m -2 s -1 (ii) a The day and night temperature is 25-27 ℃/20-22 ℃, the air humidity is 60-75%, 100% nitrogen nutrient solution is irrigated once every 2-4 days, and the irrigation amount is 200 mL/plant.
In the flowering period, if pure red light, green light or blue light is adopted, the photosynthetic capacity of tomato plants is reduced, the accumulation of photosynthetic substances is reduced, the phenomenon of flower and fruit dropping of tomatoes is caused, and the rapid breeding of the tomatoes is not facilitated; and maintaining the illumination intensity ratio of the red light to the green light to be 1:0.5-1 is used for stimulating the tomato seedlings to continuously bloom, improving the single-plant fruit setting rate of the tomatoes and ensuring the quantity and quality of the seeds for fast breeding the tomatoes.
Further, in step 4, the ratio of the illumination intensities of the red light, the blue light and the green light is 1:1:0.5-1.
In the fruiting period, if pure red light, green light or blue light is adopted, the photosynthetic capacity of tomato plants is reduced, the accumulation of photosynthetic substances is reduced, the phenomenon of flower and fruit drop of tomatoes is caused, and the rapid breeding of the tomatoes is not facilitated; if a mixed light source with the illumination intensity ratio of red light to green light or red light to blue light being 1.
Further, in step 4, the cultivation conditions are: the light period is 18-20h, and the total illumination intensity is 250-300 mu mol m -2 s -1 (ii) a Day and night temperature 25-27 deg.C/20-22 deg.C, air humidity 60-75%, and air flow rate every otherIrrigating once with 100% nitrogen nutrient solution every 2-4 days, wherein the irrigation amount is 200 mL/plant.
In the tomato fruiting period, in order to ensure that the fruits develop and mature rapidly, compared with other periods, the illumination intensity, the environmental temperature and the nutrition supply need to be improved correspondingly, and the expansion of the tomato fruits and the maturity of the seeds are not facilitated by too low or too high conditions.
Further, the step 5 also comprises a tomato seed reserving step after the fruit is harvested, specifically: taking out the seeds from the tomato fruits, treating for 5-8 days under the conditions of air temperature of 25-30 ℃, air humidity of less than 40% and ventilation, reducing the water content of the seeds to 6-10%, and storing at low temperature of 0-4 ℃ under the drying condition.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention discloses a rapid tomato propagation generation-adding method, which is an accelerated tomato propagation method based on coupling of spectrum and nitrogen and water control, greatly shortens the generation propagation period of tomato breeding and improves the breeding efficiency compared with the existing greenhouse or conventional field tomato breeding, and is expected to be propagated for 6-7 generations in one year.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the flowering of tomatoes in example 1;
FIG. 2 is the tomato flowering time in example 1.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
The 100% nitrogen nutrient solution used in the embodiment of the invention is 100% nitrogen Hoagland nutrient solution, and other 100% nitrogen nutrient solutions with the same content as the 100% nitrogen Hoagland nutrient liquid nitrogen are also suitable for the invention, so that the technical effect of the invention can be realized; the 50% nitrogen nutrient solution is obtained by diluting 100% nitrogen Hoagland nutrient solution by one time with water.
The seedling stage in the embodiment of the invention refers to the period from the emergence of a tomato from a first true leaf to the emergence of a first inflorescence; the flowering period refers to the period from the bud emergence of the first inflorescence to the fruit setting of the first inflorescence of the tomato; the fruiting period refers to the period from the first inflorescence fruit setting to the fruit harvest completion of the tomato.
Example 1
Step 1, seed soaking: the method comprises the steps of selecting complete and plump tomato seeds, cleaning the tomato seeds for 3 times by using tap water, and then soaking the tomato seeds for 12 hours by using the tap water at the temperature of 25 ℃.
Step 2, accelerating germination: and (2) paving double layers of gauze soaked in advance in a germination accelerating disc, uniformly paving the tomato seeds soaked in the step (1) in the germination accelerating disc paved with wet gauze (15 multiplied by 2.0 cm), adding 20mL of deionized water, sealing the germination accelerating disc by using an aluminum foil, and culturing for 36h at 25 ℃ in a dark environment to obtain the germinated seeds.
Step 3, sowing and seedling raising: and (3) sowing the germinated seeds into a 72-hole seedling raising plug tray which takes grass carbon as a seedling raising matrix, and after the tomato seeds are broken, enabling the light intensity ratio of red light, blue light and green light to be 1:1:1 under a mixed LED (light emitting diode) light source with the illumination intensity of 150 mu mol -2 s -1 The photoperiod is 16h, the day/night temperature is 27 ℃/25 ℃, the air humidity is 70%, 100% nitrogen Hoagland nutrient solution is irrigated once every 2 days, and the irrigation amount is 200mL per plant.
Step 4, field planting: and 7 days after the tomato seeds are sowed, selecting strong tomato seedlings, and transplanting the tomato seedlings into a nutrition pot with the diameter of 10cm and the height of 10cm and using grass peat as a culture medium.
Step 5, regulating and controlling the seedling environment: after the light is reflected in red: the green light illumination intensity ratio is 1:1 mixed light source, the light period is 18h, and the illumination intensity is 150 mu mol m -2 s -1 (ii) a The cultivation is carried out under the conditions that the day-night temperature is 27 ℃/22 ℃ and the air humidity is 75 percent and the 50 percent nitrogen Hoagland nutrient solution is irrigated once every 6 days (the irrigation is not carried out in the rest time to create low nitrogen and slight drought stress), and the irrigation amount is 200mL per plant.
Step 6, regulating and controlling environment in a flowering period: after the light is reflected in red: the green light illumination intensity ratio is 1:1 mixed light source, the light period is 18h, and the illumination intensity is 200 mu mol m -2 s -1 (ii) a Irrigating 100% nitrogen Hoagland nutrient solution once every 2 days under the conditions that the day and night temperature is 27 ℃/22 ℃ and the air humidity is 75%The cultivation was carried out under the conditions that the amount of irrigation was 200 mL/plant.
Step 7, regulating and controlling the environment in the fruiting period: after the color of the red light: blue light: the green light illumination intensity ratio is 1:1:1 mixed light source with a light period of 20h and an illumination intensity of 300 mu mol m -2 s -1 (ii) a The cultivation is carried out under the conditions that the day and night temperature is 27 ℃/22 ℃ and the air humidity is 60 percent and the 100 percent nitrogen Hoagland nutrient solution is irrigated once every 2 days, wherein the irrigation amount is 200mL per plant.
Step 8, harvesting period: harvesting the tomato fruits immediately after color change, taking out the seeds from the fruits, repeatedly cleaning the seeds by using tap water to remove pulp tissues, spreading the tomato seeds on dry gauze, treating for 5 days under the ventilation condition at the air temperature of 30 ℃ and the air humidity of less than 40 percent, reducing the water content of the seeds to 6 percent, and then putting the seeds into a 100-mesh gauze bag for low-temperature storage at the temperature of 0 ℃ under the drying condition.
In the embodiment, the seeds are planted and soaked for germination for 2 days, the seeds are planted for field planting 7 days after sowing, the flowers bloom 20 days after field planting, the fruits are harvested 40 days, one breeding generation period is 49 days (the days required by the seeds sowing and the first cluster fruit harvesting), the harvesting time is about 41 days earlier than that of the conventional greenhouse tomato cultivation for about 90 days, and the breeding can be realized for 6-7 generations each year.
Under the same conditions as other cultivation conditions in example 1, the flowering conditions of tomato plants were observed 20 days after planting by controlling the illumination environment only in the seedling stage, and the results are shown in FIG. 1 (in the figure, R75B75 represents Red light (R) and Blue light (B) with illumination intensity of 75 μmol -2 s -1 Total light intensity of 150. Mu. Mol -2 s -1 The lighting environment of (a); R75B75Fr75 represents that the illumination intensity of red light, blue light and Far-red light (Fr) is 75 mu mol -2 s -1 Total light intensity of 225. Mu. Mol -2 s -1 The lighting environment of (a); R75B75G75 represents that the illumination intensity of red light, blue light and Green light (G) is 75 mu mol -2 s -1 Total light intensity of 225. Mu. Mol -2 s -1 The lighting environment of (a); R75G75 represents that the illumination intensity of red light and green light is 75 mu mol -2 s -1 Total light intensity of 150. Mu. Mol -2 s -1 The lighting environment of (c). In FIG. 1The labeled illumination environment refers to an illumination environment regulated and controlled by the seedling stage environment, as can be seen from fig. 1, under the same other cultivation conditions, the growth condition and the flowering condition of the tomato plant can be adjusted only by adjusting the illumination environment of the seedling stage, and the illumination environment of the seedling stage most beneficial to the flowering of the tomato plant is R75G75.
Under the same conditions as other cultivation conditions in example 1, only the light environment during seedling stage is controlled, and the flowering time of the tomatoes is shown in FIG. 2 (in the figure, R75B75 represents Red light (R) and Blue light (B) with illumination intensity of 75 μmol -2 s -1 Total light intensity of 150. Mu. Mol -2 s -1 The lighting environment of (a); R75B75Fr75 represents that the illumination intensity of red light, blue light and Far-red light (Fr) is 75 mu mol -2 s -1 Total light intensity of 225. Mu. Mol -2 s -1 The lighting environment of (a); R75B75G75 represents that the illumination intensity of red light, blue light and Green light (G) is 75 mu mol -2 s -1 Total light intensity of 225. Mu. Mol -2 s -1 The lighting environment of (a); R75G75 represents that the illumination intensity of red light and green light is 75 mu mol -2 s -1 Total light intensity of 150. Mu. Mol -2 s -1 The lighting environment of). The illumination environment marked in fig. 2 refers to the illumination environment regulated and controlled by the seedling stage environment, and as can be seen from fig. 2, under the same other cultivation conditions, the flowering time of the tomato plant can be adjusted only by adjusting the illumination environment of the seedling stage, and the illumination environment of the seedling stage which can accelerate the flowering of the tomato plant is R75G75.
Example 2
Steps 1 to 4 were the same as in steps 1 to 4 of example 1.
Step 5, regulating and controlling the seedling environment: after the light is reflected in red: blue light: the green light intensity ratio is 1:1:1 mixed light source with photoperiod of 18h and illumination intensity of 225 μmol m -2 s -1 The cultivation is carried out under the conditions that the day-night temperature is 27 ℃/22 ℃ and the air humidity is 75 percent and the 50 percent nitrogen Hoagland nutrient solution is irrigated once every 6 days (the irrigation is not carried out in the rest time to create low nitrogen and slight drought stress), and the irrigation amount is 200mL per plant.
Steps 6 to 8 were the same as in step 6 to 8 of example 1.
In the embodiment, the planting, seed soaking and germination acceleration are performed for 2 days, field planting is performed 7 days after sowing, flowering is performed 26 days after field planting, harvesting is performed 47 days, one breeding generation period is 56 days (the number of days from seed sowing to first ear fruit harvesting), and harvesting time is about 36 days earlier than that of conventional greenhouse tomato cultivation for 90 days.
Example 3
Step 1, seed soaking: the method comprises the steps of selecting complete and plump tomato seeds, cleaning the tomato seeds for 3 times by using tap water, and then soaking the tomato seeds for 24 hours by using the tap water at the temperature of 20 ℃.
Step 2, accelerating germination: and (2) flatly paving double layers of gauze soaked in advance in a germination accelerating disk, uniformly placing the tomato seeds soaked in the step (1) in the germination accelerating disk paved with wet gauze (15 multiplied by 2.0 cm), adding 20mL of deionized water, sealing the germination accelerating disk by using an aluminum foil, and culturing for 48h at 20 ℃ in a dark environment to obtain germinated seeds.
Step 3, sowing and seedling raising: sowing the germinated seeds into a seedling raising plug tray with 72 holes and taking grass carbon as a seedling raising matrix, wherein the light intensity ratio of red light, blue light and green light in a plant factory is 1:1:1 under a mixed LED (light emitting diode) light source with the illumination intensity of 150 mu mol -2 s -1 The cultivation is carried out under the conditions that the photoperiod is 16h, the day/night temperature is 27 ℃/25 ℃, the air humidity is 70 percent and the 100 percent nitrogen Hoagland nutrient solution is irrigated once every 2 days, and the irrigation amount is 200mL per plant.
Step 4, field planting: and (3) selecting strong tomato seedlings 7 days after the tomato seeds are sowed after the soil is broken, and transplanting the tomato seedlings into a nutrition pot which has the diameter of 10cm and the height of 10cm and takes turf as a culture medium.
Step 5, regulating and controlling the seedling stage environment: after the light is reflected in red: the ratio of the blue light intensity is 1:1 mixed light source with photoperiod of 18h and illumination intensity of 150 mu mol m -2 s -1 (ii) a The cultivation is carried out under the conditions that the day and night temperature is 27 ℃/22 ℃ and the air humidity is 75 percent and the 100 percent nitrogen Hoagland nutrient solution is irrigated once every 2 days, wherein the irrigation amount is 200 mL/plant.
Step 6, regulating and controlling the environment in the flowering period: after the light is reflected in red: the blue light proportion is 1:1 mixed light source with photoperiod of 18h and illumination intensity of 200 mu mol m -2 s -1 (ii) a The cultivation is carried out under the conditions that the day and night temperature is 27 ℃/22 ℃ and the air humidity is 75 percent and 100 percent nitrogen Hoagland nutrient solution is irrigated once every 2 days.
Step 7, regulating and controlling the environment in the fruiting period: after the light is reflected in red: the ratio of the blue light intensity is 1:1 mixed light source with a light period of 20h and an illumination intensity of 300 mu mol m -2 s -1 (ii) a The cultivation is carried out under the conditions that the day and night temperature is 25 ℃/20 ℃ and the air humidity is 75 percent and 100 percent nitrogen Hoagland nutrient solution is irrigated once every 2 days.
Step 8, harvesting period: the tomato fruit is immediately harvested after color is changed, the seeds are taken out from the fruit, the seeds are repeatedly cleaned by tap water to remove pulp tissues, the tomato seeds are laid on dry gauze, the tomato seeds are treated for 8 days under the ventilation condition at the air temperature of 25 ℃ and the air humidity of less than 40 percent, the moisture content of the tomato seeds is reduced to 6 percent, and then the tomato seeds are put into a 100-mesh gauze bag and stored at the low temperature of 4 ℃ under the drying condition.
In the embodiment, the planting, seed soaking and germination acceleration are performed for 3 days, field planting is performed 7 days after sowing, blooming is performed 33 days after field planting, harvesting is performed 58 days, one breeding generation period is 68 days (the required days from seed sowing to first ear fruit harvesting), and the harvesting time is 22 days earlier than that of conventional greenhouse tomato cultivation for about 90 days.
Example 4
The only difference from example 1 was that the 50% nitrogen Hoagland nutrient solution irrigated every 6 days in step 5 was replaced with 100% nitrogen Hoagland nutrient solution irrigated every 8 days.
In this example, the seed soaking and germination is carried out for 2 days, the field planting is carried out 7 days after the sowing, the flowering is carried out 24 days after the field planting, the harvesting is carried out 45 days, and one breeding generation period is 54 days (the days required from the sowing of the seeds to the harvesting of the first ear fruits).
Example 5
The only difference from example 1 is that red light in step 5: the green light illumination intensity ratio is 1:1 the mixed light source is replaced by red light: the ratio of the blue light intensity is 1:1 a hybrid light source.
In this example, the seed soaking and germination is carried out for 2 days, the field planting is carried out 7 days after the sowing, the flowering is carried out 31 days after the field planting, the harvesting is carried out 54 days, and one breeding generation period is 63 days (the number of days required from the sowing of the seeds to the harvesting of the first ear of fruit).
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for rapidly breeding tomatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, sowing germinated tomato seeds in a culture medium, and after the tomato seeds break the ground, culturing under the conditions of a mixed light source of red light, blue light and green light and irrigation of a 100% nitrogen nutrient solution;
step 2, carrying out environment regulation and control in the tomato seedling stage, specifically comprising the following steps: cultivating under the conditions of a red light and green light mixed light source and pouring of 50% nitrogen nutrient solution;
step 3, carrying out environment regulation and control in the flowering period of the tomatoes, specifically comprising the following steps: cultivating under the conditions of a red light and green light mixed light source and 100% nitrogen nutrient solution irrigation;
step 4, performing environment regulation and control in a fruiting period, specifically: cultivating under the conditions of red light, blue light and green light mixed light source and 100% nitrogen nutrient solution irrigation;
and 5, harvesting after the color of the tomato fruits is changed.
2. The method for rapid propagation of tomato as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, the germinated tomato seeds are prepared by sequentially performing seed soaking and germination accelerating treatment on tomato seeds.
3. The method for rapidly breeding tomatoes according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the ratio of the red light intensity, the blue light intensity and the green light intensity is 1; the cultivation conditions are as follows: the total illumination intensity is 100-150 mu mol m -2 s -1 The photoperiod is 16-20h, the day/night temperature is 25-27 ℃/23-25 ℃, the air humidity is 60-70%, and the plant is irrigated once every 2-4 days by 100% nitrogen nutrient solution, wherein the irrigation amount is 200 mL/plant.
4. The method for rapid propagation of tomato as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2, the ratio of the intensity of the red light to the intensity of the green light is 1; the cultivation conditions are as follows: the light period is 16-18h, and the total illumination intensity is 150-250 mu mol m -2 s -1 (ii) a The temperature of day/night is 25-27 ℃/20-22 ℃, the air humidity is 60-75%, 50% nitrogen nutrient solution is irrigated once every 6-8 days, the irrigation amount is 200 mL/plant every time, and the irrigation is not performed in the rest time.
5. The method for rapid propagation of tomato as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3, the illumination intensity ratio of red light to green light is 1:0.5 to 1; the cultivation conditions are as follows: the photoperiod is 16-18h, and the total illumination intensity is 200-250 mu mol m -2 s -1 (ii) a The day/night temperature is 25-27 ℃/20-22 ℃, the air humidity is 60-75%, 100% nitrogen nutrient solution is irrigated once every 2-4 days, and the irrigation amount is 200 mL/plant.
6. The method for rapid propagation of tomato as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4, the ratio of the red light intensity, the blue light intensity and the green light intensity is 1:1:0.5-1.
7. The method for rapid propagation of tomato as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4, the cultivation conditions are as follows: the light period is 18-20h, and the total illumination intensity is 250-300 mu mol m -2 s -1 (ii) a The day/night temperature is 25-27 ℃/20-22 ℃, the air humidity is 60-75%, 100% nitrogen nutrient solution is irrigated once every 2-4 days, and the irrigation amount is 200 mL/plant.
8. The method for rapid propagation of tomato as claimed in claim 1, wherein step 5 further comprises a tomato seed reserving step after fruit harvest, specifically: taking out the seeds from the tomato fruits, treating for 5-8 days under the conditions of air temperature of 25-30 ℃, air humidity of less than 40% and ventilation, reducing the water content of the seeds to 6-10%, and storing at low temperature of 0-4 ℃ under the drying condition.
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