CN111955330A - Short-period energy-saving water-culture vegetable seedling culture method - Google Patents
Short-period energy-saving water-culture vegetable seedling culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111955330A CN111955330A CN202010734341.7A CN202010734341A CN111955330A CN 111955330 A CN111955330 A CN 111955330A CN 202010734341 A CN202010734341 A CN 202010734341A CN 111955330 A CN111955330 A CN 111955330A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a winter short-period energy-saving water-culture vegetable seedling method, which mainly comprises the following steps: in cold winter, the seedling raising period of the green-leaf vegetables is about 40 days under natural light conditions, and the seedling raising period is about 15-20 days under artificial light conditions, while in the seedling raising method, the seedling raising period in the same period is 25-30 days, so that the seedling raising period is obviously shortened. The hole tray is placed in an artificial light seedling raising box, after seeds bud for 6 days, hole tray seedlings are moved to a natural light seedbed for about 15-20 days, the total period can be controlled to be about 30 days, the seedling raising period can be obviously shortened, the utilization efficiency of the seedling raising bed is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced compared with pure artificial light seedling raising.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for culturing seedlings of hydroponic vegetables, in particular to a short-period energy-saving method for culturing seedlings of hydroponic vegetables.
Background
Hydroponic vegetables are different from vegetables cultivated in a traditional soil cultivation mode that most root systems grow in a nutrient solution layer and only nutrient solution is used for providing water, nutrients and oxygen for the hydroponic vegetables. The hydroponic vegetable has short growth period and is rich in various vitamins and minerals essential to human body. Hydroponic culture is one of soilless culture, and is classified into substrate-free culture, wherein the substrate-free culture type means that a root system is fixed without a substrate in an environment where the root system of a plant grows, the root system grows in a nutrient solution or moist air containing the nutrient solution, but some substrates may be used in raising seedlings.
The seedling culture means the culture of seedlings, and means the culture of seedlings in a nursery, a hotbed or a greenhouse for transplanting to the land or nutrient solution for planting. In common words, "the seedling is strong and half harvested". The seedling culture is a work with high labor intensity, time consumption and strong technical performance. At present, in the process of seedling culture of hydroponic vegetables, the required culture time is long, watering is carried out 2-3 times every day, the labor intensity is high, and the labor cost is high.
In addition, water planting vegetables grow seedlings the in-process, its nutrient solution in the nutrient source for cultivating the matrix, and the in-process nutrient solution of growing seedlings nourishment accounts for and can reduces along with the absorption concentration of plant gradually, leads to the efficiency of growing seedlings to descend, and manual interpolation can lead to the nutrient solution concentration fluctuation, influences the efficiency of growing seedlings, and can lead to the extravagant loss of unstable and nutrient solution of root system osmotic pressure.
Therefore, those skilled in the art are always striving to develop a hydroponic vegetable seedling method with a shorter period, less labor intensity, less labor cost, and higher efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a hydroponic vegetable seedling method which is short in period, low in labor intensity, low in labor cost and high in efficiency, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a short-period energy-saving water-culture vegetable seedling method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) spreading uniformly mixed wet matrix in the hole tray, leveling the surface, pressing out sowing holes on the surface by using a hole pressing plate or the filled hole tray, sowing, covering soil, leveling the surface of the hole tray again, and removing redundant matrix;
(2) the sowed hole trays are conveyed to an artificial light seedling raising box and are orderly placed in a tide board on a seedling raising frame for seedling raising nutrient solution irrigation, and the seedlings are sowed until 6 days after seedling emergence and need to pass through the artificial light seedling raising box in the seedling raising process;
(3) irrigating the seedling raising plug tray in an artificial light seedling raising box for 2-3 days/time, sowing till 6 days after seedling emergence, and transplanting the plug tray seedling to a natural light seedling bed for continuous seedling raising when the cotyledon of the seedling is completely unfolded and a first true leaf appears;
(4) in the natural light seedling raising stage, seedling raising nutrient solution irrigation is required to be carried out every day according to the condition of plug seedlings, and the natural light seedling raising stage lasts for about 15-20 days;
(5) and (5) when the plug tray seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, the standard of seedling formation is reached, and the seedling culture is finished.
Further, in the step (1), the seedling substrate is formed by uniformly mixing peat and perlite according to a ratio of 9:1, watering is carried out on the uniformly mixed substrate, the uniformly mixed seedling substrate is in a wet state, the substrate is dark in color and can be held by a hand to form a cluster without dripping water, corresponding seeds are placed in each sowing hole, after sowing is finished, the sowing holes are covered by the uniformly mixed seedling substrate, and the thickness of covering soil is 1-2 times of the particle size of the seeds.
Further, in the step (2), the water feeding valve of the tidal plate of the artificial light seedling box is opened during irrigation and is closed immediately after the irrigation is finished; the drainage valve of the tide board is required to be in a normally open state so as to avoid the phenomenon that accumulated water in the tide board submerges seedlings and roots after irrigation.
Furthermore, the LED lamp tube used by the artificial light seedling raising box needs a proper spectrum, a green cube special spectrum needs to be selected, and the photosynthetic effective radiation photon flux density PPFD in the artificial light seedling raising box is controlled between 200 and 240 mu mol/m 2/s; the control of the light period is that the light period is controlled for 16 hours and the dark period is controlled for 8 hours every day; the temperature is controlled to be 23 ℃ in the light period and 15 ℃ in the dark period.
Further, in the step (3), when the humidity of the artificial light seedling raising box can be kept above 60%, the watering frequency is 2 days/time, when the humidity of the seedling raising box is unstable, the color of the substrate in the hole tray is observed or dry fingers touch the substrate to judge whether watering is needed, if the color of the substrate is light or no moist feeling is caused by hand touch and the weight of the hole tray is light, irrigation is needed, the EC value of the seedling raising nutrient solution needs to be controlled to be 1-1.5 mS/cm, and the pH value needs to be controlled to be 5-6.
Further, in the step (4), after the plug seedlings are moved to natural light for seedling cultivation, different types of seedlings have different growth rates and different water consumptions, and whether irrigation is needed or not needs to be checked every day, and if the surface color of the substrate becomes light, no wetting feeling is caused by hand touch or leaves are withered, irrigation is timely performed.
Further, in the step (5), when the plug seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, the root systems basically wrap all the substrates and can be easily pulled out, and then the seedling standards are met.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) in the seedling raising stage of the artificial light seedling raising box, a nutrient solution supply area is limited around a root system, a nutrient solution circulating system is used, and unabsorbed nutrient solution flows back to a nutrient solution pool for recycling after being filtered, sterilized and disinfected, so that the total consumption of nutrients is reduced, and the waste of fertilizer caused by waste liquid generated after the consumption of the nutrient solution in the whole seedling raising tray is higher than a required value is avoided; (2) after sowing, the seedlings are placed in an artificial light seedling raising chamber with controllable constant temperature and humidity photoperiod, the germination rate is high, the seedlings are neat, the seedlings are strong, the root systems grow rapidly, and the growth vigor in the initial seedling raising stage is good, so that the whole seedling raising period is shortened; (3) the use of artifical light nursery house can reduce artifical input by a wide margin, and the controllable seedling process of environment is stable not restricted by natural environment, only need regularly patrol and examine once every day can, irrigation system also can save a large amount of human works, realizes high-efficient the seedling.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The conception and the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that the objects, features and effects of the present invention can be fully understood.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a short-period energy-saving hydroponic vegetable seedling method provided by the invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a flow chart of a short-period energy-saving hydroponic vegetable seedling method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) spreading uniformly mixed wet matrix in the hole tray, leveling the surface, pressing out sowing holes on the surface by using a hole pressing plate or the filled hole tray, sowing, covering soil, leveling the surface of the hole tray again, and removing redundant matrix;
in this embodiment, the seedling substrate is made by mixing peat and perlite in a ratio of 9:1, watering is carried out on the mixed substrate to enable the mixed seedling substrate to be in a wet state, the substrate is dark in color and can be held by hand to form a mass without dripping water, and corresponding seeds are placed in each sowing hole. After the sowing is finished, covering the sowing holes with a uniformly mixed seedling raising substrate, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 1-2 times of the grain diameter of the seeds.
(2) The sowed hole trays are conveyed to an artificial light seedling raising box and are orderly placed in a tide board on a seedling raising frame,
irrigating with seedling culture nutrient solution, and sowing till 6 days after seedling emergence, wherein the seedling culture process needs to be spent in an artificial light seedling culture box;
in the embodiment, the water feeding valve of the tidal plate of the artificial light seedling raising box is opened during irrigation and is closed immediately after the irrigation is finished; the drainage valve of the tide board is required to be in a normally open state so as to avoid the phenomenon that accumulated water in the tide board submerges seedlings and roots after irrigation. The LED lamp tube used by the artificial light seedling raising box selects a green cube special spectrum. The photosynthetic effective radiation photon flux density PPFD in the artificial light seedling raising box is controlled between 200 and 240 mu mol/m 2/s; the control of the light period is that the light period is controlled for 16 hours and the dark period is controlled for 8 hours every day; the temperature is controlled to be 23 ℃ in the light period and 15 ℃ in the dark period.
(3) Irrigating the seedling raising plug tray in an artificial light seedling raising box for 2-3 days/time, sowing till 6 days after seedling emergence, and transplanting the plug tray seedling to a natural light seedling bed for continuous seedling raising when the cotyledon of the seedling is completely unfolded and a first true leaf appears;
when the humidity of the artificial light seedling raising box is kept above 60%, in the embodiment, the watering frequency is 2 days/time, the EC value of the seedling raising nutrient solution is controlled to be 1-1.5 mS/cm, and the pH value is controlled to be 5-6. (4) In the natural light seedling raising stage, seedling raising nutrient solution irrigation is required to be carried out every day according to the condition of plug seedlings, and the natural light seedling raising stage lasts for about 15-20 days;
after the plug seedlings are moved to natural light for seedling cultivation, different types of seedlings have different growth rates and different water consumption, whether irrigation is needed is checked every day, and irrigation is immediately carried out when the surface color of the substrate becomes light, no wetting feeling is caused by hand touch or leaves are withered.
(5) And (5) when the plug seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, the plug seedlings reach the seedling standard, and the seedling culture is finished.
In this embodiment, when the plug seedlings grow to 3 to 4 true leaves, the root system completely wraps the substrate, and the entire seedling can be easily pulled out, thereby completing the seedling culture.
The process has the advantages that: (1) in the seedling raising stage of the artificial light seedling raising box, a nutrient solution supply area is limited around a root system, a nutrient solution circulating system is used, and unabsorbed nutrient solution flows back to a nutrient solution pool for recycling after being filtered, sterilized and disinfected, so that the total consumption of nutrients is reduced, and the waste of fertilizer caused by waste liquid generated after the consumption of the nutrient solution in the whole seedling raising tray is higher than a required value is avoided; (2) after sowing, the seedlings are placed in an artificial light seedling raising chamber with controllable constant temperature and humidity photoperiod, the germination rate is high, the seedlings are neat, the roots grow fast, and the growth vigor at the initial stage of seedling raising is good, so that the whole seedling raising period is shortened. (3) The use of artifical light nursery house can reduce artifical input by a wide margin, and the controllable seedling process of environment is stable not restricted by natural environment, only need regularly patrol and examine once every day can, irrigation system also can save a large amount of human works, realizes high-efficient the seedling.
In the description herein, reference to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "a specific example" or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example.
Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above detailed description describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are provided only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same; those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A winter energy-saving hydroponic vegetable seedling method comprises the following steps:
(1) spreading uniformly mixed wet matrix in the hole tray, leveling the surface, pressing out sowing holes on the surface by using a hole pressing plate or the filled hole tray, sowing, covering soil, leveling the surface of the hole tray again, and removing redundant matrix;
(2) the sowed hole trays are conveyed to an artificial light seedling raising box and are orderly placed in a tide board on a seedling raising frame for seedling raising nutrient solution irrigation, and the seedlings are sowed until 6 days after seedling emergence and need to pass through the artificial light seedling raising box in the seedling raising process;
(3) irrigating the seedling raising plug tray in an artificial light seedling raising box for 2-3 days/time, sowing till 6 days after seedling emergence, and transplanting the plug tray seedling to a natural light seedling bed for continuous seedling raising when the cotyledon of the seedling is completely unfolded and a first true leaf appears;
(4) in the natural light seedling raising stage, seedling raising nutrient solution irrigation is required to be carried out every day according to the condition of plug seedlings, and the natural light seedling raising stage lasts for about 15-20 days;
(5) and (5) when the plug seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, the plug seedlings reach the seedling standard, and the seedling culture is finished.
2. The short-cycle energy-saving hydroponic vegetable seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), peat and perlite are uniformly mixed according to a ratio of 9:1 to form a seedling substrate, watering is carried out on the uniformly mixed substrate to enable the uniformly mixed seedling substrate to be in a wet state, the substrate is dark in color and can be held by a hand to form a cluster without dripping, corresponding seeds are placed in each sowing hole, after sowing is finished, the sowing holes are covered with the uniformly mixed seedling substrate, and the thickness of covering soil is 1-2 times of the particle size of the seeds.
3. The short-cycle energy-saving hydroponic vegetable seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the water supply valve of the tidal plate of the artificial light seedling box is opened during irrigation and is closed immediately after the irrigation is finished; the drainage valve of the tide board is required to be in a normally open state so as to avoid the phenomenon that accumulated water in the tide board submerges seedlings and roots after irrigation.
4. A short-cycle energy-saving hydroponic vegetable seedling method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: the LED lamp tube used in the artificial light seedling raising box needs to have a proper spectrum, a green cube special spectrum needs to be selected, and the photosynthetic effective radiation photon flux density PPFD in the artificial light seedling raising box is controlled to be 200-240 mu mol/m2Between/s; the control of the light period is that the light period is controlled for 16 hours and the dark period is controlled for 8 hours every day; the temperature is controlled to be 23 ℃ in the light period and 15 ℃ in the dark period.
5. The short-cycle energy-saving hydroponic vegetable seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), when the humidity of the artificial light seedling raising box can be kept above 60%, the watering frequency is 2 days/time, when the humidity of the seedling raising box is unstable, the color of the matrix in the hole tray is observed or dry fingers touch the matrix to judge whether watering is needed, and if the color of the matrix is light, no moisture is felt when a hand touches the matrix, and the hole tray is light in weight, the irrigation is needed. The EC value of the seedling culture nutrient solution needs to be controlled to be 1-1.5 mS/cm, and the pH value needs to be controlled to be 5-6.
6. The short-cycle energy-saving hydroponic vegetable seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (4), after the plug seedlings are moved to natural light for seedling cultivation, different types of seedlings have different growth rates and different water consumptions, and whether irrigation is needed or not needs to be checked every day, and if the substrate surface color becomes light, and the substrate surface does not have a moist feeling when being touched by hands or leaves are withered, irrigation is timely performed.
7. The short-cycle energy-saving hydroponic vegetable seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (5), when the plug seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, the root systems basically wrap all the substrates and can be easily pulled out, and then the seedling standards are met.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114271168A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-05 | 上海绿立方农业发展有限公司 | Leek matrix cultivation method |
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