CN114424732A - Winter wheat breeding method for multiple generations in one year - Google Patents
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- CN114424732A CN114424732A CN202210066410.0A CN202210066410A CN114424732A CN 114424732 A CN114424732 A CN 114424732A CN 202210066410 A CN202210066410 A CN 202210066410A CN 114424732 A CN114424732 A CN 114424732A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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Abstract
The application discloses a winter wheat one-year multi-generation breeding method, which comprises the following steps: (1) seed selection; (2) seed soaking and germination accelerating: using 0.1-0.3% of H for the selected seeds2O2After soaking for 20-24 hours, sowing the seeds into a culture dish paved with wet filter paper, and germinating at 20-25 ℃; (3) vernalization: planting the germinated seeds in a seed culturing box or a nutrition pot, and vernalizing at 6-10 ℃; (4) transplanting and cultivating: transplanting the vernalized seedlings into an artificial climate room for cultivation; (5) harvesting: and (5) the transplanted seedlings bloom after 15-20 days, and the seedlings can be harvested after 20-25 days of flowering. By using the method, the winter wheat can be cultivated for 5 generations in a year in the whole growth period of 2-2.5 months, and the breeding efficiency is effectively improved. Meanwhile, the breeding method is artificially carried outThe method is carried out in the cultivation room, the wheat does not need to be transplanted to other places in the breeding process, the breeding cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the loss in the transportation process is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop breeding, in particular to a winter wheat breeding method for more generations in one year.
Background
Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world's most important cereal crops, rich in protein, carbohydrates and minerals, and is a staple food source for 30% of the world's population. By 2050, the global population is expected to exceed 90 hundred million, and the wheat yield needs to be improved by more than 50% to meet future demands. The traditional wheat cultivation period is long, and the wheat cultivation is influenced by external environmental conditions such as increased input cost and extreme weather caused by climate change. Therefore, how to accelerate the breeding process of the wheat is an important problem which needs to be overcome urgently in the genetic breeding of the wheat. The rapid breeding method of spring wheat is basically solved, but the wheat in China is mainly winter wheat or semi-winter wheat, vernalization is needed, and the conventional breeding is only one generation every year; the conventional generation adding can only harvest 2-3 generations in one year, and the seeds have less quantity and poor quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a winter wheat one-year-multiple-generation breeding method, which aims to overcome the defects in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method of breeding winter wheat for more than one year, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) seed selection: selecting full wheat seeds for breeding;
(2) seed soaking and germination accelerating: using 0.1-0.3% of H for the selected seeds2O2After soaking for 20-24 hours, sowing the seeds into a culture dish paved with wetting filter paper, and germinating at 20-25 ℃ until the young embryos break through the white exposed seed coats;
(3) vernalization: planting the germinated seeds in a seed cultivating box or a nutrition pot, vernalizing at 6-10 ℃, and obtaining seedlings within 25-30 days;
(4) transplanting and cultivating: transplanting the vernalized seedlings into an artificial climate room for cultivation, and flowering in 15-20 days;
(5) harvesting: harvesting after 20-25 days after flowering.
In an alternative embodiment, in step (1), the wheat seed is one of winter wheat, weak winter wheat and spring wheat material.
In an alternative embodiment, in step (3), for the purpose of seed reproduction, the germinated seeds are planted in nutrition pots with a diameter of 12cm and a height of 10cm, and 1 germinated seed is uniformly planted in each nutrition pot.
In an alternative embodiment, in step (3), to breedFor this purpose, the germinated seeds were planted in a hole area of 20cm2And the hole depth is 11 cm.
In an optional embodiment, in the step (3), the nutrition pot or the seed culture box contains nutrition soil, the PH value of the nutrition soil is 5-6, the nitrogen content in the nutrition soil is 5% -6%, and the organic matter content is 94% -95%.
In an alternative embodiment, each bowl contains 900cm3～1000cm3The nutrient soil or each breeding box contains 150cm3～200cm3The nutrient soil.
In an alternative embodiment, the conditions of the climatic chamber of step (4) are: the light intensity is 250-300 umol.m after vernalization to before blooming-2·sec-1The illumination time is 18-20 hours/day, and the temperature is 22-25 ℃;
after flowering to before maturation: the light intensity is 250 to 300 umol.m-2·sec-1The illumination time is 18-20 hours/day, and the temperature is 25-30 ℃.
In an optional embodiment, in the step (4), the light in the artificial climate chamber is an LED spectrum formed by mixing 56-64% of red light, 18-22% of blue light and 18-22% of green light.
In an alternative embodiment, in step (4), the management during the transplanting cultivation process comprises: watering in good time 10 days before vernalization-maturity to ensure that the water content of the soil is 75-85%; the watering amount is reduced 10 days before the soil is mature, so that the water content of the soil is 35-45%.
In an optional embodiment, in step (4), the managing during the transplanting cultivation further comprises: and (2) applying a slow release fertilizer while sowing, wherein the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the slow release fertilizer is 15-20%, 15-20% and 15-20%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a method for cultivating winter wheat for more than one generation in one year, which comprises the steps of seed selection, seed soaking and germination acceleration, artificial vernalization and cultivation in an artificial cultivation room, wherein seeds can be harvested 20-25 days after wheat plants bloom. The application combines the artificial vernalization treatment and the indoor cultivation technology, so that the whole growth period of the winter wheat is greatly shortened; when the method is used for breeding, the full growth cycle is 2-2.5 months, 5 generations can be cultivated in one year, sufficient seeds can be harvested, the breeding efficiency is effectively improved, the scientific research cost of generation-added breeding is saved, and the method is suitable for popularization and application. Meanwhile, the breeding method is mainly carried out in a manual culture room, so that the wheat does not need to be transplanted to other places in the breeding process, the breeding cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the loss in the transportation process is avoided.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
The application discloses a winter wheat breeding method for more than one year, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: and (4) selecting plump wheat seeds for breeding.
In this embodiment, the wheat seed is one of winter wheat, weak winter wheat, and spring wheat materials.
It should be noted that winter wheat, weak winter wheat, and spring wheat refer to varieties of wheat, and winter wheat refers to wheat grown in winter.
(2) Seed soaking and germination accelerating: using 0.1-0.3% of H for the selected seeds2O2After soaking for 20-24 hours, sowing the seeds into a culture dish paved with wetting filter paper, and germinating at 20-25 ℃ until the young embryos break through the white exposed seed coats.
(3) Vernalization: and planting the germinated seeds into a seed culturing box or a nutrition pot, and vernalizing for 25-30 days at 6-10 ℃ to obtain seedlings.
For the purpose of seed reproduction, the germinated seeds are planted in nutrition pots with diameter of 12cm and height of 10cm, 1 germinated seed is uniformly planted in each nutrition pot, and each nutrition pot contains 900cm3～1000cm3The pH value of the nutrient soil is 5-6, the nitrogen content in the nutrient soil is 5-6%, the organic matter content is 94-95%, and the water content is 38-39%.
For breeding purposes, the germinated seeds are planted in a hole area of 20cm2A breeding box with a hole depth of 11cm and a depth of 150cm in each breeding box3～200cm3The pH value of the nutrient soil is 5-6, the nitrogen content in the nutrient soil is 5-6%, the organic matter content is 94-95%, and the water content is 38-39%.
It should be noted that vernalization in this example refers to a phenomenon in which plants grow by passing from the vegetative reproductive stage to the reproductive stage with a sustained low temperature for a certain period of time.
(4) Transplanting and cultivating: the seedlings are moved to an artificial climate room for cultivation, and blossoming is carried out in 15-20 days.
In this example, the climatic chamber conditions were: the light intensity is 250-300 umol.m after vernalization to before blooming-2·sec-1The illumination time is 18-20 hours/day, and the temperature is 22-25 ℃; after flowering to before maturation: the light intensity is 250 to 300 umol.m-2·sec-1The illumination time is 18-20 hours/day, and the temperature is 25-30 ℃. The light of the artificial climate chamber is an LED spectrum formed by mixing red light with the wavelength of 640-660 nm, blue light with the wavelength of 440-470 nm and green light with the wavelength of 520-560 nm, and the three light qualities are 56% -64%, 18% -22% and 18% -22% respectively.
In this embodiment, the management in the transplanting cultivation process includes: watering in good time 10 days before vernalization-maturity to ensure that the water content of the soil is 75-85%; and (3) reducing the watering amount 10 days before the seeds are mature, so that the water content of the soil is 35-45%, and promoting the dehydration and maturation of the seeds.
In this embodiment, the management during the transplanting cultivation further includes: and (2) applying a slow release fertilizer while sowing, wherein the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the slow release fertilizer is 15-20%, 15-20% and 15-20%.
It should be noted that the cultivation period should be kept ventilated, normal humidity, and sufficient CO2And (4) supplying.
(5) Harvesting: the seeds have the germination capacity 20-25 days after the blossoming, and can be harvested in order to shorten the breeding period. However, if high-quality seeds are needed, the seeds can be harvested after being completely waxed and yellow and matured.
In this embodiment, the harvested seeds can be used for both continuous breeding and seed reproduction. In breeding, the methods of steps (1) to (5) are continuously employed. If the harvested seeds are mainly used for breeding, the embryo seeds are planted in 96-well or 192-well seed-growing boxes in step (3).
Example 1
(1) Selecting plump and dwarf-resistant 58-winter wheat seeds, and placing the seeds at low temperature (4-8 ℃) for drying and storing;
(2) using 0.1% H for short antibody 582O2Soaking for 20h, and washing with tap water for 2-3 times.
(3) The seeds are sowed in a culture dish paved with wet filter paper and germinate at the temperature of 20 ℃ until the young embryos break through the white exposed seed coats.
(4) Put 150cm in advance in a 96-hole breeding box3And uniformly mixing the nutrient soil, wherein the pH value of the nutrient soil is 5, the nitrogen content in the nutrient soil is 6%, the organic matter content is 94% and the water content is 39%. And (3) applying a slow release fertilizer at the same time of sowing, wherein the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the slow release fertilizer are respectively 20%, 20% and 20%. And (3) planting germinated seeds breaking through radicles with the seed coats of 0.8-1.2mm in a breeding box, vernalizing at the temperature of 8 ℃, watering at proper time (keeping the water content of soil to be about 75%), checking whether winter wheat seedlings rise and perform jointing within about 30 days, and if the winter wheat seedlings rise and perform jointing, indicating that the vernalization stage of the strong winter wheat is finished, so that the wheat seedlings are obtained.
(5) Culturing the vernalized dwarf 58 seedlings in an artificial climate chamber with the light intensity of 250 umol.m after vernalization and before blooming-2·sec-1The illumination time is 18 hours/day, and the temperature is 22 ℃; after flowering to before maturation: the light intensity of the artificial climate chamber is 250 umol.m-2·sec-1The light intensity, the illumination time was 18 hours/day and the temperature was 25 ℃. The 96-hole breeding box is mainly used for breeding, each plant usually ensures 1 main tiller, the plant shoots after 15 days, and the plant height is about 40 cm. Proper watering and fertilization are needed in the artificial climate chamber cultivation process, and watering is carried out in due time (the water content is 75-80%) 10 days before vernalization-maturity under normal conditions, and the water is protectedThe water content is sufficient; and (3) gradually reducing the water supply (the water content is 35-40%) 10 days before the seeds are matured, and promoting the dehydration and maturation of the seeds.
(6) Mature 1 month after heading, each single plant has 10-15 seeds of main spike.
By adopting the method of the embodiment, the winter wheat seedlings after vernalization for about 1 month grow strongly and have tillering during transplanting. After transplanting, the seedlings can be spilt in long days (18-20 hours/day) and under proper temperature conditions (22-25 ℃) for about 2 weeks. After the cultivation, proper temperature and light are matched, and cultivation management is carried out, so that the fruit can be matured within one half month. By using the method, the winter wheat can be cultivated for 5 generations in one year in the whole growth period of 2-2.5 months, and seeds with sufficient quantity can be harvested.
Example 2
(1) Selecting the seeds of the 18-week-plump winter wheat, and drying and storing the seeds at low temperature (4-8 ℃).
(2) With 0.3% of H2O2Soaking for 24h, and washing with tap water for 2-3 times.
(3) The seeds are sown in a culture dish paved with wet filter paper and germinate at 25 ℃ until the young embryos break through the white exposed seed coats.
(4) Planting germinated seeds which break through 0.8-1.2mm radicle of seed coat in nutrition pots with diameter of 12cm and height of 10cm, uniformly planting 1 seed in each nutrition pot, wherein each nutrition pot contains 900cm3The nutrient soil is applied with slow release fertilizer, and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the slow release fertilizer are respectively 20%, 20% and 20%. Placing the nutrition pot in a flat-bottom tray, injecting water into the tray, and vernalizing at 10 deg.C. Wherein the pH value of the nutrient soil is 5.6, the nitrogen content in the nutrient soil is 4.4%, the organic matter content is 94.3%, and the water content is 38.1%. Watering every 5-7d during the culture period, checking whether the wheat seedlings rise and pull out joints after 25 days, and if the wheat seedlings rise and pull out joints, indicating that the vernalization stage of the weak winter wheat is finished, and obtaining the wheat seedlings.
(5) The vernalized Zhoumai 18 seedlings are transferred to a phytotron for culture. After vernalization to before blooming, the light intensity in the artificial climate chamber is 250 umol.m-2·sec-1The illumination time is 18 hours/day, and the temperature is 25 ℃; after flowering to before maturation: artificial qiThe light intensity of the waiting room is 300 umol.m-2·sec-1The light intensity, the illumination time was 20 hours/day, and the temperature was 30 ℃. Usually, 3-5 tillers can grow after about 1 week of culture, the plant shoots after 15 days, the average effective spike number is 3-5 spikes, and the plant height is about 65 cm. Proper watering and fertilizing are needed in the artificial climate chamber cultivation process, and watering is carried out in time 10 days before vernalization-maturity under normal conditions to keep sufficient water (the water content is 80-85%); and (3) gradually reducing the water supply (the water content is 35-40%) 10 days before the seeds are matured, and promoting the dehydration and maturation of the seeds.
(6) After heading, the rice is mature in 1 month, and 45-54 grains are planted in each ear. Thus, 130 seeds were obtained per individual plant.
Example 3
(1) Selecting plump 16-spring wheat seeds, and drying and storing the seeds at low temperature (4-8 ℃);
(2) with 0.2% of H2O2Soaking for 22h, and washing with tap water for 2-3 times.
(3) The seeds were sown in petri dishes with moistened filter paper and germinated at 23 ℃ until the young embryos broke through the white exposed seed coat.
(4) 170cm are placed in advance in a breeding box3Mixing the culture soil uniformly, selecting germinated seeds of 0.8-1.2mm radicles, and planting in 192-hole breeding box. And (3) applying a slow release fertilizer while sowing, wherein the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the slow release fertilizer are respectively 20%, 20% and 20%. Wherein the pH value of the nutrient soil is 6, the nitrogen content in the nutrient soil is 5%, the organic matter content is 94%, and the water content is 38.5%. In the cultivation period, water is poured once every 6 days, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied once every 6 days, and seedlings are strengthened for 10 days at the low temperature of 10 ℃.
(5) And (4) transferring the strong wheat seedlings to a phytotron for cultivation. Before flowering, the light intensity in the climatic chamber is 250 umol.m-2·sec-1The illumination time is 18 hours/day, and the temperature is 25 ℃; after flowering to before maturation: the light intensity of the artificial climate chamber is 300 umol.m-2·sec-1The light intensity, the illumination time was 20 hours/day, and the temperature was 30 ℃. The 196-hole breeding box is used for breeding, 1 seedling usually ensures 1 main spike, and the plant height is about 40 cm. In thatProper watering and fertilizing are needed in the artificial climate chamber cultivation process, and watering is carried out in due time 10 days before vernalization-maturity under normal conditions to keep sufficient water (the water content is 80-85%); and (3) gradually reducing the water supply (the water content is 35-40%) 10 days before the seeds are matured, and promoting the dehydration and maturation of the seeds.
(6) After heading, the seeds are mature in 1 month, 5-10 seeds can be harvested from each main spike of each plant in each breeding box, and breeding requirements are met.
The embodiments described above are intended to facilitate one of ordinary skill in the art in understanding and using the invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to the above-described embodiments may be made, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications to the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A winter wheat breeding method for more than one year is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting full wheat seeds for breeding;
(2) seed soaking and germination accelerating: using 0.1-0.3% of H for the selected seeds2O2After soaking for 20-24 hours, sowing the seeds into a culture dish paved with wetting filter paper, and germinating at 20-25 ℃ until the young embryos break through the white exposed seed coats;
(3) vernalization: planting the germinated seeds in a seed culturing box or a nutrition pot, and vernalizing the seeds for 25-30 days at 6-10 ℃ to obtain seedlings;
(4) transplanting and cultivating: transplanting the vernalized seedlings into an artificial climate room for cultivation, and flowering in 15-20 days;
(5) harvesting: harvesting after 20-25 days after flowering.
2. The method for breeding winter wheat of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the wheat seed is one of winter wheat, weak winter wheat and spring wheat material.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), for the purpose of seed reproduction, the germinated seeds are planted in pots having a diameter of 12cm and a height of 10cm, and 1 germinated seed is planted per pot.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the germinated seeds are planted in an area of 20cm per hole for breeding purpose2And the hole depth is 11 cm.
5. The method for breeding winter wheat in more than one year according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the nutrition pot or the breeding box contains nutrient soil, the pH value of the nutrient soil is 5-6, the nitrogen content in the nutrient soil is 5% -6%, and the organic matter content is 94% -95%.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the concentration of the winter wheat in the pots is 900cm in step (3)3～1000cm3The nutrient soil or each breeding box contains 150cm3～200cm3The nutrient soil.
7. A winter wheat annual breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that the conditions of the climatic chamber of step (4) are: the light intensity is 250-300 umol.m after vernalization to before blooming-2·sec-1The illumination time is 18-20 hours/day, and the temperature is 22-25 ℃;
after flowering to before maturation: the light intensity is 250 to 300 umol.m-2·sec-1The light intensity, the illumination time is 18-20 hours/day, and the temperature is 25-30 ℃.
8. A winter wheat annual breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (4), the light in the climatic chamber is LED spectrum of a mixture of 56% to 64% red light, 18% to 22% blue light and 18% to 22% green light.
9. A winter wheat annual multi-generation breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the management in the transplanting cultivation process includes: watering in good time 10 days before vernalization-maturity to ensure that the water content of the soil is 75-85%; the watering amount is reduced 10 days before the soil is mature, so that the water content of the soil is 35-45%.
10. A winter wheat one-year-multiple-generation breeding method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein in the step (4), the management in the transplanting cultivation process further comprises: after tillering, applying a slow release fertilizer, wherein the content of nitrogen in the slow release fertilizer is 15-20%, the content of phosphorus in the slow release fertilizer is 15-20%, and the content of potassium in the slow release fertilizer is 15-20%.
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| CN202310061194.5A CN115918464A (en) | 2022-01-20 | 2023-01-14 | Winter wheat breeding method for multiple generations in one year |
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| CN115486335A (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2022-12-20 | 中国农业科学院都市农业研究所 | Rapid propagation and generation-adding method for tomatoes |
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