CN111631131A - Method for accelerating strong winter wheat hybridization breeding process in 3 generations in 1 year - Google Patents
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the agricultural scientific research technology, and relates to a method for accelerating a strong winter wheat hybridization breeding process for 3 generations in 1 year, which mainly comprises the following steps: production of seeds F by configuring superior hybrid combinations according to the target1Breeding until 6 months in the third year to generate F3 seeds; in late 7 months of the third year, seed F3Performing vernalization treatment at low temperature of 2-4 deg.C for 10-14d and culturing under generation, and culturing until 11 months early, filling grain, ripening, threshing and harvesting; culturing the harvested seeds by 100-120d according to the method until the seeds are threshed and harvested in 3 rd ten days of the fourth year; f to be harvested5Seeds are cultured for 100-120d to harvest at 8 months of the fourth year after threshing and the like according to the method. The method is economical and practical, greatly reduces the growth period of the strong winter wheat to 100-plus 120d by artificial vernalization and indoor culture and planting technologies, and achieves the purpose of accelerating the hybrid breeding process of the strong winter wheat in local Xinjiang for 1 year and 3 generations.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the agricultural scientific research technology, and relates to the field of crop breeding science. In particular to a method for accelerating the cross breeding process of strong winter wheat in 3 generations in 1 year.
Background
The wheat crossbreeding is the main breeding method generally adopted in the current breeding work of new wheat varieties.
At present, progeny materials in the strong winter wheat hybridization breeding can only breed 1 generation in one planting year under natural conditions of a field, the homozygous speed of character genes of breeding progeny is low, the stable time of the characters is long, and the method is also the reason that the hybrid breeding of crops such as the strong winter wheat and the like can breed a new variety only after 8-10 years at the fastest speed. The national wheat breeding unit is that the breeding process is accelerated by adopting a 'south breeding north breeding' mode, the strong winter wheat is planted in the first 9 th of the year in Xinjiang due to long growth period, and is harvested in the first 7 th of the year, and the breeding process is difficult to accelerate by adopting the 'south breeding north breeding' mode for the strong winter wheat.
The prior art which is close to the method provided by the invention at present is a method for increasing 3-4 generations of winter wheat filial generation in one year by using meteorological conditions, such as Bijiajie and the like, and the application (patent) No.: CN201210060601.2, the method firstly carries out hybrid contemporary F0Breaking dormancy, and breeding and harvesting F in field by shading 1-2 layers of sunshade net1Second generation, potted seeds F under outdoor natural conditions1Thereby obtaining a seed F2Instead, utilize F2Seed F obtained by breeding generation wheat seed3Generation, final using seed F3Breeding at mountain top with elevation of 1500 m in north to obtain wheat seed F4And (4) generation. The technology of the Bijiajie invention aims at the winter wheat variety with weak winterness, most of the culture processes are culture by using outdoor natural conditions, and the winter wheat completes the life cycle by adopting the external natural meteorological conditions, so the method for culturing the winter wheat is limited by more uncertain external environmental factors, and the culture of the winter wheat is greatly influenced by the natural conditions. For example, the cultivation of winter wheat is adversely affected by external temperature, illumination and sudden disastrous weather, and if severe, the cultivated winter wheat plants die. The method provided by the invention is completely specific to the wheat with strong winter property and completely local in XinjiangThe method is carried out under indoor controllable conditions, 1-year 3-generation strong winter wheat is realized, the gene homozygous speed of hybrid breeding progeny of the strong winter wheat is accelerated, and the characters of the breeding progeny are rapid and stable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the method which is simple and convenient to operate, controllable in program, economical and practical, can break through the technical difficulty and bottleneck of indoor culture of the strong winter wheat, greatly reduces the growth period of the strong winter wheat from 255-plus-one 280d of natural growth in the field to 100-plus-one 120d through artificial vernalization treatment and indoor culture and planting technology, and realizes the acceleration of the hybridization breeding process of the strong winter wheat in local Xinjiang for 1 year and 3 generations.
The invention discloses a method for accelerating a strong winter wheat cross breeding process for 3 generations in 1 year, which mainly comprises the following operation steps:
the first step is as follows: configuring excellent hybrid combination according to high-yield, high-quality, multi-resistance and high-efficiency strong-winter wheat breeding targets to generate seeds F1Generation; in the middle and last ten days of 9 months of the year, the seed F1Planting in wheat breeding field, and harvesting seed F in 7 months in the second year2Generation; and seeds F are planted in middle and last ten days of 9 months in the year2Planting in wheat breeding field with seeding in 6 middle of the third year2The group carries out the field individual plant selection according to the agronomic characters of the breeding target, and the selected individual ear is harvested, threshed and harvested to obtain the seed F3Generation;
the second step is that: selecting harvested seeds F in late 7 months of the third year3Performing vernalization treatment culture at 2-4 ℃ for 10-14d for single ear seeds:
sterilizing with 0.1% arsenic and mercury in culture dish, germinating, exposing white grains, placing into refrigerator, performing culture at low temperature of 2-4 deg.C for 10-14 days, and adding 0.3% H for the first 1-2 days during low temperature culture2022-3 ml/dish is beneficial to accelerating the vernalization process of strong winter wheat; repeatedly washing the seedlings in the culture dish with distilled water for 1-2 times every 2-3d during the low-temperature vernalization culture period, and adding Hoagland nutrient solution for culture; transplanting the de-vernalized seedlings into plastic flowerpots with the diameter of the pot mouth of 15-18cm, sowing 8-10 seedlings in each pot, and ensuring the sowing depth3-5cm, culturing the sowed flower pot in an indoor culture room, setting the illumination time to 12-16h every 24h by using a red and blue cold light source for plant culture, and culturing at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the humidity of 55-65%; culturing to tillering stage, wherein the height of the plant is about 10-15cm, each plant generally keeps 2-3 robust tillers, and the rest tillers are cut from the root; applying nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer once every 12-14 days, culturing until the grains are filled and mature at the beginning of 11 months, selecting 1 plant with best growth vigor in each pot, and threshing and harvesting the main stem and single ear;
f to be harvested4The single ear seeds are cultured for 100 and 120 days to select main stems and single ears for threshing and harvesting in the 3 rd late month of the fourth year according to the method;
f to be harvested5Selecting main stem single ears for threshing and harvesting after the single ear seeds are cultured for 100-120d to 8 months in the fourth year according to the method;
the third step: f harvested in late 9 th month of the fourth year6The single ear seeds are continuously cultivated in the greenhouse for 1 year by the second step method until the single ear seeds are F9Then planting the seeds in a breeding field for comprehensive selection and evaluation of the agronomic characters in the field; or F is6And planting the single-ear grains in a breeding field, and performing comprehensive selection and evaluation on the agronomic characters in the field.
The technical proposal is used for the cross breeding process of strong winter wheat from cross combination configuration to F6It only takes 4 years to F9Only 5 years are required. And normally from the hybridized combination to F6It takes 6 years to F9It takes 9 years. The advantages of the present invention are illustrated by the following comparison table of the present invention technology and the breeding process of strong winter wheat under field conditions.
TABLE 1 comparison table of 1 year 3 generation accelerated crossbreeding process and normal crossbreeding process of strong winter wheat
As can be seen from the above table, the technology of 3 generations in 1 year is utilized in the cross breeding process of strong winter wheat, and the hybrid combination is configured to F9Only 5 years of time is needed, which is equivalent to the natural growth in the field55.6% in between, from the analysis at each stage of the breeding process, for F3-F5The key stage of the stable formation of the progeny system can be completed only by 1 year, which is equivalent to the field natural growth time of 33.3 percent, thereby greatly shortening the time of gene homozygosis and stable character of the progeny system and greatly accelerating the breeding process.
The whole growth period of the strong winter wheat is longer, and the Xinjiang area is generally about 250-280d, so the breeding period of breeding the new strong winter wheat variety by the conventional hybrid breeding method is longer, generally 8-10 years are needed at the fastest speed, 1 planting year of the strong winter wheat can only grow and propagate for 1 generation, the gene homozygous speed of the hybrid progeny material is lower, and the character stable time is longer.
The technology of the invention aims at the problems that the cross breeding period of the strong winter wheat is long, and the breeding speed of a new variety is slow and the period is long due to the low homozygous speed of the hybrid progeny gene. The method combining artificial vernalization treatment and indoor culture technology can greatly shorten the whole growth period of strong winter wheat, realize 1 year and 3 generations of strong winter wheat in Xinjiang, avoid wheat breeding work, accelerate the generation process of Nache and Nache labor by adopting a commonly adopted method of south breeding (using the warm climate such as Yunnan, Hainan and the like to breed 1 generation in winter) and north breeding (normally breeding materials in the north in summer), and greatly accelerate the hybridization breeding process of the strong winter wheat in Xinjiang.
Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention is simple and convenient to operate, controllable in program, economical and practical, can break through the technical difficulty and bottleneck of indoor culture of the strong winter wheat, greatly reduces the growth period of the strong winter wheat from 255 plus materials which naturally grow in the field to 120 days through artificial vernalization treatment and indoor culture and planting technology, and achieves the purpose of accelerating the hybridization breeding process of the strong winter wheat in 1 year and 3 generations in Xinjiang.
Detailed Description
The specific implementation scheme of the technology is explained in detail by taking strong winter wheat as an example below:
1. configuring excellent hybrid combination according to high-yield, high-quality, multi-resistance and high-efficiency strong-winter wheat breeding targets to generate seeds F1Generation, seed F in middle and last ten days of 9 months of the year1Planting in wheat breeding field, and harvesting seed F in 7 months in the second year2And (4) generation.
2. In the middle and late 9 months of the second year, the seed F is used2Planting in wheat breeding field with seeding in 6 middle of the third year2And (4) selecting individual plants in the field according to the agronomic characters of breeding targets by the group, and numbering the selected individual ears after harvesting and threshing to form a system.
3. F harvested in late 7 months of the third year3And (3) germinating the single-ear grains after sterilizing the single-ear grains by 0.1% arsenic mercury in a culture dish, putting the grains in a refrigerator after exposing the white grains, and performing vernalization treatment culture at the low temperature of 2-4 ℃ for 10-14 days. 0.3% H was added during the first 1-2 days of the low temperature culture202And 2-3 ml/dish is beneficial to accelerating the vernalization process of the strong winter wheat. And repeatedly washing the seedlings in the culture dish for 1-2 times by using distilled water every 2-3d during the low-temperature vernalization culture period, and adding a Hoagland nutrient solution for culture to be beneficial to forming strong seedlings. Transplanting the de-vernalized seedlings into plastic flowerpots with the diameter of a pot opening of 15-18cm, sowing 8-10 seedlings in each pot, wherein the sowing depth is 3-5cm, culturing the sowed flowerpots in an indoor culture room, setting the illumination time for 12-16h (every 24h) by using a red-blue cold light source for culturing commercial plants, and culturing at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the humidity of 55-65%. Culturing to tillering stage, wherein the height of the plant is about 10-15cm, each plant generally keeps 2-3 robust tillers, and the rest tillers are cut from the root. Applying nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer every 12-14 days, or adjusting irrigation and fertilization according to growth condition of seedling in pot, culturing until grain is grouted and mature at 11 months, selecting 1 plant with best growth condition in each pot, and threshing and harvesting.
4. F to be harvested4And (3) performing vernalization removal treatment and indoor culture on the single-ear grains according to the method, and performing 100-year 120-day culture until 1 plant with the best growth vigor is selected from 3 rd late of the fourth year to perform threshing and harvesting on the main stem single ear.
5. F to be harvested5Performing vernalization treatment and indoor culture on the single-ear seeds according to the method, selecting 1 plant with best growth vigor from 8 months in the fourth year through 100-year 120d culture, and allowing the single-ear seeds to enter the main stem and single earAnd (5) threshing and harvesting.
6. F harvested in late 9 th month of the fourth year6The single ear seeds can be continuously cultivated in a greenhouse for 1 year by using the method until the single ear seeds are F9Then planting the seeds in a breeding field for comprehensive selection and evaluation of the agronomic characters in the field;
7. f may also be added in 9 th Lap of the fourth year6And planting the single-ear grains in a breeding field, and performing comprehensive selection and evaluation on the agronomic characters in the field.
In the embodiment, the technology of 3 generations in 1 year is utilized in the cross breeding process of strong winter wheat, and the cross combination is configured to F9The time is only 5 years, which is equivalent to 55.6 percent of the natural growth time in the field, and F is analyzed from each stage of the breeding process3-F5The key stage of the stable formation of the progeny system can be completed only by 1 year, which is equivalent to the field natural growth time of 33.3 percent, thereby greatly shortening the time of gene homozygosis and stable character of the progeny system and greatly accelerating the breeding process.
Claims (1)
1. A method for accelerating the cross breeding process of strong winter wheat in 3 generations in 1 year is characterized by mainly comprising the following operation steps:
the first step is as follows: configuring excellent hybrid combination according to high-yield, high-quality, multi-resistance and high-efficiency strong-winter wheat breeding targets to generate seeds F1Generation; in the middle and last ten days of 9 months of the year, the seed F1Planting in wheat breeding field, and harvesting seed F in 7 months in the second year2Generation; and seeds F are planted in middle and last ten days of 9 months in the year2Planting in wheat breeding field with seeding in 6 middle of the third year2The group carries out the field individual plant selection according to the agronomic characters of the breeding target, and the selected individual ear is harvested, threshed and harvested to obtain the seed F3Generation;
the second step is that: selecting harvested seeds F in late 7 months of the third year3Performing vernalization treatment culture at 2-4 ℃ for 10-14d for single ear seeds:
sterilizing with 0.1% arsenic and mercury in culture dish, germinating, exposing white grains, placing into refrigerator, performing culture at low temperature of 2-4 deg.C for 10-14 days, and performing culture at low temperatureFirst 1-2d addition of 0.3% H2022-3 ml/dish is beneficial to accelerating the vernalization process of strong winter wheat; repeatedly washing the seedlings in the culture dish with distilled water for 1-2 times every 2-3d during the low-temperature vernalization culture period, and adding Hoagland nutrient solution for culture; transplanting the de-vernalized seedlings into plastic flowerpots with the diameter of a pot opening of 15-18cm, sowing 8-10 seedlings in each pot, wherein the sowing depth is 3-5cm, culturing the sowed flowerpots in an indoor culture room, setting the illumination time to be 12-16h every 24h by using a red and blue cold light source for plant culture, and culturing at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the humidity of 55-65%; culturing to tillering stage, wherein the height of the plant is about 10-15cm, each plant generally keeps 2-3 robust tillers, and the rest tillers are cut from the root; applying nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer once every 12-14 days, culturing until the grains are filled and mature at the beginning of 11 months, selecting 1 plant with best growth vigor in each pot, and threshing and harvesting the main stem and single ear;
f to be harvested4The single ear seeds are cultured for 100 and 120 days to select main stems and single ears for threshing and harvesting in the 3 rd late month of the fourth year according to the method;
f to be harvested5Selecting main stem single ears for threshing and harvesting after the single ear seeds are cultured for 100-120d to 8 months in the fourth year according to the method;
the third step: f harvested in late 9 th month of the fourth year6The single ear seeds are continuously cultivated in the greenhouse for 1 year by the second step method until the single ear seeds are F9Then planting the seeds in a breeding field for comprehensive selection and evaluation of the agronomic characters in the field; or F is6And planting the single-ear grains in a breeding field, and performing comprehensive selection and evaluation on the agronomic characters in the field.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN111631130A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-09-08 | 石河子大学 | Method for accelerating strong winter wheat hybridization breeding process by embryo culture technology for 4 generations in 1 year |
| CN112167052A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-01-05 | 山西农业大学 | Generational breeding method suitable for northern winter wheat |
| CN112704005A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-27 | 石河子大学 | Rapid directional improvement technology for wheat target character |
| CN114680039A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-07-01 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Breeding method of winter wheat molecular marker assisted selection generation-adding technology |
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| CN112167052A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-01-05 | 山西农业大学 | Generational breeding method suitable for northern winter wheat |
| CN112704005A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-27 | 石河子大学 | Rapid directional improvement technology for wheat target character |
| CN114680039A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-07-01 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Breeding method of winter wheat molecular marker assisted selection generation-adding technology |
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