CN110741901B - Cultivation method of heavy valve hippeastrum rutilum - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a cultivation method of heavy-petal hippeastrum roseum, which comprises the steps of harvesting and processing seedballs of pots until the seedballs germinate, moving the seedballs of the pots together until the temperature in the daytime is 28-32 ℃ and the temperature at night is 20-25 ℃ to grow until the seedballs bloom, harvesting a large amount of heavy-petal hippeastrum roseum pollen, coating the heavy-petal hippeastrum roseum pollen on stigmas of single-petal hippeastrum roseum to pollinate the stigmas, stripping seeds after harvesting fruits, sowing the seeds until seedlings grow seed balls, planting the seedlings in soil until the seedlings bloom, screening plants with heavy petals and excellent comprehensive ornamental properties, taking out bulbs in autumn, stripping three layers of external scales to serve as explants, inoculating the explants, culturing to obtain the seedballs, and planting the heavy-petal hippeastrum rosewood in a greenhouse to obtain the heavy-petal hippeastrum rosewood flowers. The achievement of pollen production by inducing the heavy-petal hippeastrum petals at high temperature is hybridized with the single-petal hippeastrum, the heavy-petal hippeastrum seed balls with excellent ornamental properties are bred, the breeding difficulty and the breeding period of the heavy-petal hippeastrum are shortened, the cost of the heavy-petal hippeastrum is reduced, and the market demand is met.

Description

Cultivation method of heavy valve hippeastrum rutilum

Technical Field

The invention relates to a cultivation method of a heavy-petal hippeastrum species, belonging to the technical field of new plant species breeding.

Background

The hippeastrum rutilum is also called the flower of the lonely flower, is a perennial bulbous flower of the lonely flower of the Amaryllidaceae, has the characteristics of large flower, bright color, long flowering period and the like, is cultivated in all parts of China, and is particularly suitable for being sold as the flower of the rice night. The flowers and leaves of the hippeastrum has higher ornamental value, the common variety is mostly single-petal, the variety of the double-petal hippeastrum developed abroad in recent years continuously enters the domestic market, and the potted flower products are sold in a small amount. The heavy petal hippeastrum has higher ornamental value due to more petals, plump and novel flower types, and the selling price of the potted flower is higher than that of a single petal variety by more than 50 percent. However, the number of heavy-petal hippeastrum varieties in the domestic market is small, the price of the heavy-petal hippeastrum varieties introduced abroad is high, the number of the heavy-petal hippeastrum varieties is small, and the market demand is difficult to meet, so that the cultivation of more heavy-petal hippeastrum varieties has important significance in meeting the domestic market demand. However, in the conventional method for cultivating the double petal hippeastrum, since the double petal flowers basically do not produce pollen, the hybridization efficiency is extremely low, and in the filial generation, the proportion of the double petal plants is only 3%, the breeding period is long, and the market demand is difficult to meet, so that the prior art needs to be improved to improve the breeding efficiency and the yield of the double petal hippeastrum plants.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention innovatively utilizes the technical means of hippeastrum rutilum hybridization combination, heavy-petal hippeastrum pollen induction, hippeastrum seed sowing, hippeastrum seed ball cultivation, heavy-petal hippeastrum screening, breeding and the like, greatly shortens the breeding period of heavy-petal hippeastrum varieties, and improves the hippeastrum breeding efficiency.

The invention obtains the heavy valve hippeastrum in large batch by the following technical scheme: a cultivation method of heavy valve hippeastrum rutilum is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) harvesting the heavy petal and single petal species of hippeastrum at the beginning of 10 months in the current year, then placing the harvested seedballs in a dark room with ventilation of 4-8 ℃ for storage till the end of 12 months, then adjusting the temperature of the dark room to 20-25 ℃, continuing to store the harvested seedballs to the bottom of 1 month in the next year, respectively planting the seedballs in pots, placing the seedballs in the pots in a greenhouse with the temperature of 18-25 ℃, watering once every 3 days until the heavy petal and single petal seedballs germinate, removing the seedballs with pot after the buds of the germinated heavy petal seedballs break soil, continuing to grow the single petal seedballs in the greenhouse at the temperature of 18-25 ℃ under the condition of watering once every 3 days until the single petal hippeastrum blooms in the middle 3 months;

2) growing the heavy petal bulbs removed by the pot in a greenhouse at the daytime temperature of 28-32 ℃ and the nighttime temperature of 20-25 ℃, and timely supplementing water until the heavy petal bulbs bloom in 3 months middle ten days;

3) collecting pollen generated at the edge of each petal of the double-petal hippeastrum, and smearing the pollen on the stigma of the single-petal hippeastrum to pollinate the pollen;

4) after the pollinated flowers are fruited and the fruits are ripe at the beginning of 5 months, the fruits are collected and seeds are stripped, the seeds are sown in humus soil of a seedling tray within one week, the seeds are covered with 1cm of soil and placed in a greenhouse at the temperature of 18-25 ℃ for culture, and water is sprayed once in the early morning and at the evening every day until the seedlings bear seed balls;

5) taking out the seed balls from the seedling tray, soaking in 800 times of chlorothalonil solution for 10min, then planting in greenhouse soil, managing by water and fertilizer until the seed balls enter winter, remaining the seed balls in the soil for overwintering, and screening plants with heavy petals and excellent comprehensive ornamental properties until the seed seedlings bloom;

6) taking out the selected excellent plant in autumn, peeling off three layers of external scales, smearing the bulb with 75% alcohol twice, soaking in 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for 20-30min, washing with sterile water for three times for 2min each time, cutting off one third of the upper part of the bulb, and cutting each bulb from the basal disc to strip-shaped explants with the length of 2cm and the width of 1 cm;

7) inoculating the explant obtained in the step 6) onto a propagation culture medium, and culturing for 30-40 days under the conditions that the illumination intensity is 2500-3000 Lx, the illumination time is 12-14 h/d, and the temperature is 20-25 ℃ to obtain a clump seedling explant;

the propagation culture medium comprises: adding 1.5-2.0 mg/L of 6-BA, 1.0-1.5 mg/L of KT, 0.1-0.3 mg/L of NAA, 30g/L of cane sugar and 6.0g/L of agar into an MS culture medium, wherein the pH value is 5.8-6.0;

8) cutting the clustered seedling explant obtained in the step 7) into single seedlings, inoculating the single seedlings onto a strong seedling culture medium, and culturing for 30-40 days under the conditions that the illumination intensity is 2500-3000 Lx, the illumination time is 12-14 h/d, and the temperature is 20-25 ℃ to obtain seedlings;

the strong seedling culture medium comprises: adding 1.0-1.5 mg/L KT, 0.3-0.5 mg/L NAA, 30g/L cane sugar and 6.0g/L agar into an MS culture medium, wherein the pH value is 5.8-6.0;

9) inoculating the seedlings obtained in the step 8) to a nodulation rooting culture medium, culturing for 30-40 days under the conditions that the illumination intensity is 1500-2000 Lx, the illumination time is 8-12 h/d and the temperature is 20-25 ℃, taking out the young seedballs, inoculating the young seedballs to the nodulation rooting culture medium again, and culturing under the conditions that the illumination intensity is 1500-2000 Lx, the illumination time is 8-12 h/d and the temperature is 20-25 ℃ until the seedballs with the surrounding diameter of more than 1cm are obtained;

the nodulation and rooting culture medium comprises: adding 0.3-0.5 mg/L IBA, 50-60 g/L sucrose and 6.0g/L agar into an MS culture medium, wherein the pH is 5.8-6.0;

10) soaking the seed balls with the diameter of more than 1cm in the step 9) in 800 times of chlorothalonil solution for 20min, then planting the seed balls in sterilized soil in a greenhouse, and performing water and fertilizer management to obtain the seed balls of the heavy valve hippeastrum.

The water and fertilizer management of the step 5) and the step 10) is as follows:

(1) after the seed balls germinate and come out of the soil, fertilization is carried out once every 30 days for 5 times, and the components of the fertilizer are shown in the table 1:

TABLE 1

Components	Ammonium nitrate	Potassium nitrate	Magnesium sulfate	Potassium dihydrogen phosphate	Calcium nitrate	Potassium sulfate
							Dosage (kg/mu)	5.5	3.0	5.8	8.5	3.5	3.0

(2) After new leaves grow out, spraying the foliar fertilizer once every 40 days for 3 times, wherein the component concentration of the applied fertilizer is shown in table 2:

TABLE 2

Components	Ferric citrate	Boric acid	Copper sulfate	Zinc sulfate	Ammonium molybdate
						Concentration (kg/mu)	0.03	0.01	0.05	0.05	0.015

The invention discloses a method for breeding a heavy-petal hippeastrum seed bulb with excellent ornamental properties, which is characterized in that based on observation and understanding of heritability of the heavy-petal characteristics of hippeastrum, through nearly 8 years of experimental research, a technical result that the heavy-petal hippeastrum petals can be induced to generate pollen by high temperature is finally obtained, the obtained heavy-petal hippeastrum pollen and single-petal hippeastrum are subjected to hybridization combination, and then the technology of hippeastrum seed seedling culture, the technology of heavy-petal hippeastrum screening, the technology of efficient bulb propagation and the like are combined, so that the heavy-petal hippeastrum seed bulb with excellent ornamental properties is bred, and the breeding difficulty and the breeding period of the heavy-petal hippeastrum are shortened.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the characteristic that the heavy petal hippeastrum petals can be promoted to generate pollen at high temperature is utilized, the heavy petal hippeastrum petals can generate sufficient pollen, and after the heavy petal hippeastrum petals are hybridized with a single petal variety, the heavy petal rate in offspring can reach more than 15%, and the heavy petal flower yield is much higher than 3% in the prior art.

2. By adopting the seed seedling step-by-step cultivation technology, the seed seedlings are ensured not to be infected with viruses in the whole cultivation process, the balling rate of the seed seedlings is improved by more than 25 percent compared with the balling rate of the seed sowed directly in soil by 70 percent, and the method is the guarantee for the efficient breeding of the heavy valve hippeastrum.

3. Through the good individual plant of chooseing out as the explant source, utilize high-efficient group to organize the technique and solved the lower problem of good plant line yield of conventional bulb division breeding, group banks up the propagation and can obtain the hippeastrum seed ball that the specification is neat unanimous and do not carry any virus with the group, the reproduction coefficient is high, the cycle is short, once only obtains the stock of breeding, makes hippeastrum breeding cycle shorten greatly, by prior art's 11 years shorten to 7 years, reduces the cost of heavy valve hippeastrum simultaneously, satisfies the market demand.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a prior art 'peacock' double petal hippeastrum;

FIG. 2 is a current single-lobe hippeastrum of the species Ammorris;

FIG. 3 is a heavy valve hippeastrum obtained by the process of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a depiction of heavy valve hippeastrum obtained by the process of the present invention;

FIG. 5 shows the heavy valve hippeastrum obtained by the method of the invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.

Example 1

A cultivation method of heavy valve hippeastrum rutilum is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) collecting seed balls of a hippeastrum heavy-petal variety 'peacock' (shown in figure 1) and a hippeastrum single-petal variety 'amoruis' (shown in figure 2) at the beginning of 10 months of the current year, placing the seeds in a dark room ventilated at 4 ℃ for storage till the end of 12 months, adjusting the temperature of the dark room to 20 ℃, continuing to store the seeds at the end of 1 month of the next year, respectively planting the seeds in flowerpots, placing the seed balls of the pot seeds in a greenhouse at 18 ℃, watering the seeds once every 3 days until the heavy-petal seed balls and the single-petal seed balls germinate, removing the pot after the buds of the germinated heavy-petal seed balls break soil, continuing to grow the single-petal seed balls in the greenhouse at the temperature of 18 ℃ and watering once every 3 days until the single-petal red flowers in 3 days;

2) growing the heavy petal bulbs which are removed from the pot in a greenhouse with the daytime temperature of 28 ℃ and the nighttime temperature of 20 ℃, and replenishing water in due time until the heavy petal is red and blossoms in 3 months;

3) collecting pollen generated at the edge of each petal of the double-petal hippeastrum, and smearing the pollen on the stigma of the single-petal hippeastrum to pollinate the pollen;

4) after the pollinated flowers are fruited and the fruits are ripe at the beginning of 5 months, the fruits are collected and the seeds are stripped, the seeds are sowed in humus soil of a seedling tray within one week, the seeds are covered with 1cm of soil and are placed in a greenhouse at the temperature of 18 ℃ for culture, water is sprayed once every morning and evening until the seedlings bear seed balls after four months;

5) taking out the seed balls from the seedling tray, soaking the seed balls in 800 times of chlorothalonil solution for 10min, then planting the seed balls in greenhouse soil, carrying out water and fertilizer management until the seed balls enter winter, remaining the seed balls in the soil for overwintering, and screening plants which are heavy and have excellent comprehensive ornamental properties until the seed seedlings bloom after two years;

6) taking out the selected excellent plant in autumn, peeling off three layers of external scales, smearing the bulb with 75% alcohol twice, soaking in 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for 20min, washing with sterile water for three times, washing for 2min each time, cutting off one third of the upper part of the bulb, and cutting each bulb from the basal disc to strip-shaped explants with the length of 2cm and the width of 1 cm;

7) inoculating the explant obtained in the step 6) to a propagation culture medium, and culturing for 30 days under the conditions that the illumination intensity is 2500Lx, the illumination time is 12h/d, and the temperature is 20 ℃ to obtain a clump seedling explant;

the propagation culture medium comprises: adding 1.5mg/L of 6-BA, 1.0mg/L of KT, 0.1mg/L of NAA, 30g/L of cane sugar and 6.0g/L of agar into an MS culture medium, wherein the pH value is 5.8;

8) cutting the clustered seedling explant obtained in the step 7) into single seedlings, inoculating the single seedlings onto a strong seedling culture medium, and culturing for 30 days under the conditions that the illumination intensity is 2500Lx, the illumination time is 12h/d, and the temperature is 20 ℃ to obtain seedlings;

the strong seedling culture medium comprises: adding 1.0mg/L KT, 0.3mg/L NAA, 30g/L sucrose and 6.0g/L agar into MS culture medium, wherein the pH value is 5.8;

9) inoculating the seedlings obtained in the step 8) to a nodulation rooting culture medium, culturing for 30 days under the conditions that the illumination intensity is 1500Lx, the illumination time is 8h/d and the temperature is 20 ℃, forming young seedballs, then taking out the young seedballs, inoculating to the nodulation rooting culture medium again, and culturing under the conditions that the illumination intensity is 1500Lx, the illumination time is 8h/d and the temperature is 20 ℃ until the seedballs with the surrounding diameter of more than 1cm are obtained;

the nodulation and rooting culture medium comprises: adding 0.3mg/L IBA, 50g/L sucrose and 6.0g/L agar into MS culture medium, wherein the pH is 5.8;

10) soaking the seed balls with the diameter of more than 1cm in the step 9) in 800 times of chlorothalonil solution for 20min, planting the seed balls in sterilized soil in a greenhouse, performing water and fertilizer management to obtain heavy-petal hippeastrum tips red seed balls, planting the seed balls in a flower shed, and enabling flowers to be shown in figure 3.

The water and fertilizer management of the step 5) and the step 10) is as follows:

(1) after the seed balls germinate and come out of the soil, fertilization is carried out once every 30 days for 5 times, and the components of the fertilizer are shown in the table 1:

TABLE 1

Components	Ammonium nitrate	Potassium nitrate	Magnesium sulfate	Potassium dihydrogen phosphate	Calcium nitrate	Potassium sulfate
							Dosage (kg/mu)	5.5	3.0	5.8	8.5	3.5	3.0

(2) After new leaves grow out, spraying the foliar fertilizer once every 40 days for 3 times, wherein the component concentration of the applied fertilizer is shown in table 2:

TABLE 2

Components	Ferric citrate	Boric acid	Copper sulfate	Zinc sulfate	Ammonium molybdate
						Concentration (kg/mu)	0.03	0.01	0.05	0.05	0.015

The characteristics of the cultivar of the double-petal hippeastrum progeny obtained in example 1: 1. the petals are heavy, and the number of the petals can reach more than 12; 2. the number of buds of each flower is 2-4; 3. the flowering period is 85 days; 4. flower color: the end parts of the petals are pink, and the middle and lower parts of the petals are white.

Example 2

A cultivation method of heavy valve hippeastrum rutilum is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) collecting the heavy-petal species of hippeastrum roseum 'peacock' and the single-petal species of hippeastrum roseum 'of amoruit' at the beginning of 10 months in the current year, placing the collected seeds in a dark room with 8 ℃ ventilation for storage to the end of 12 months, adjusting the temperature of the dark room to 25 ℃, continuing to store the seeds until the end of 1 month in the next year, respectively planting the seeds in pots, placing the seed balls of the pot seeds in a greenhouse with 25 ℃, watering the seeds once every 3 days until the heavy-petal seed balls and the single-petal seed balls germinate, removing the seed balls with the pots after the buds of the germinated heavy-petal seed balls break soil, continuing to grow the single-petal seed balls in the greenhouse at the temperature of 25 ℃ under the condition of watering once every 3 days until the single-petal hippeastrum roses bloom in the middle 3 months;

2) growing the heavy petal bulbs which are removed from the pot in a greenhouse with the daytime temperature of 32 ℃ and the nighttime temperature of 25 ℃, and replenishing water in due time until the heavy petal is red and blossoms in 3 months middle ten days;

3) collecting pollen generated at the edge of each petal of the double-petal hippeastrum, and smearing the pollen on the stigma of the single-petal hippeastrum to pollinate the pollen;

4) after the pollinated flowers are fruited and the fruits are ripe at the beginning of 5 months, the fruits are collected and the seeds are stripped, the seeds are sowed in humus soil of a seedling tray within one week, the seeds are covered with 1cm of soil and are placed in a greenhouse at the temperature of 25 ℃ for culture, and water is sprayed once every morning and evening until the seedlings bear seed balls;

5) taking out the seed balls from the seedling tray, soaking in 800 times of chlorothalonil solution for 10min, then planting in greenhouse soil, managing by water and fertilizer until the seed balls enter winter, remaining the seed balls in the soil for overwintering, and screening plants with heavy petals and excellent comprehensive ornamental properties until the seed seedlings bloom;

6) taking out the selected excellent plant in autumn, peeling off three layers of external scales, smearing the bulb with 75% alcohol twice, soaking in 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for 30min, washing with sterile water for three times, washing for 2min each time, cutting off one third of the upper part of the bulb, and cutting each bulb from the basal disc to strip-shaped explants with the length of 2cm and the width of 1 cm;

7) inoculating the explant obtained in the step 6) to a propagation culture medium, and culturing for 40 days under the conditions that the illumination intensity is 3000Lx, the illumination time is 14h/d, and the temperature is 25 ℃ to obtain a clump seedling explant;

the propagation culture medium comprises: adding 2.0mg/L of 6-BA, 1.5mg/L of KT, 0.3mg/L of NAA, 30g/L of cane sugar and 6.0g/L of agar into an MS culture medium, wherein the pH value is 6.0;

8) cutting the clustered seedling explant obtained in the step 7) into single seedlings, inoculating the single seedlings onto a strong seedling culture medium, and culturing for 40 days under the conditions that the illumination intensity is 3000Lx, the illumination time is 14h/d and the temperature is 25 ℃ to obtain seedlings;

the strong seedling culture medium comprises: adding 1.5mg/L KT, 0.5mg/L NAA, 30g/L sucrose and 6.0g/L agar into MS culture medium, wherein the pH value is 6.0;

9) inoculating the seedlings obtained in the step 8) to a nodulation rooting culture medium, culturing for 40 days under the conditions that the illumination intensity is 2000Lx, the illumination time is 12h/d and the temperature is 25 ℃, forming young seedballs, then taking out the young seedballs, inoculating to the nodulation rooting culture medium again, and culturing under the conditions that the illumination intensity is 2000Lx, the illumination time is 12h/d and the temperature is 25 ℃ until the seedballs with the surrounding diameter of more than 1cm are obtained;

the nodulation and rooting culture medium comprises: adding 0.5mg/L IBA, 60g/L sucrose and 6.0g/L agar into MS culture medium, wherein the pH is 6.0;

10) soaking the seed balls with the diameter of more than 1cm in the step 9) in a chlorothalonil solution of 800 times for 20min, planting the seed balls in sterilized soil in a greenhouse, performing water and fertilizer management to obtain heavy-petal hippeastrum tips red seed balls, planting the seed balls in a flower shed, and enabling flowers to be shown in figure 4.

The water and fertilizer management of the step 5) and the step 10) is as follows:

(1) after the seed balls germinate and come out of the soil, fertilization is carried out once every 30 days for 5 times, and the components of the fertilizer are shown in the table 1:

TABLE 1

Components	Ammonium nitrate	Potassium nitrate	Magnesium sulfate	Potassium dihydrogen phosphate	Calcium nitrate	Potassium sulfate
							Dosage (kg/mu)	5.5	3.0	5.8	8.5	3.5	3.0

(2) After new leaves grow out, spraying the foliar fertilizer once every 40 days for 3 times, wherein the component concentration of the applied fertilizer is shown in table 2:

TABLE 2

Components	Ferric citrate	Boric acid	Copper sulfate	Zinc sulfate	Ammonium molybdate
						Concentration (kg/mu)	0.03	0.01	0.05	0.05	0.015

The characteristics of the cultivar of the double-petal hippeastrum progeny obtained in example 2: 1. the petals are heavy, and the number of the petals can reach more than 12; 2. the number of buds of each flower is 2-4; 3. the flowering period is 88 days; 4. flower color: the end parts of the petals are pink, and the middle and lower parts of the petals are white.

Example 3

A cultivation method of heavy valve hippeastrum rutilum is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) collecting the heavy-petal species of hippeastrum roseum 'peacock' and the single-petal species of hippeastrum roseum 'of amoruit' at the beginning of 10 months in the current year, placing the collected seeds in a dark room with ventilation at 6 ℃ for storage to the end of 12 months, adjusting the temperature of the dark room to 23 ℃, continuing to store the seeds until the end of 1 month in the next year, respectively planting the seeds in pots, placing the seed balls of the pot seeds in a greenhouse with the temperature of 23 ℃, watering the seeds once every 3 days until the heavy-petal seed balls and the single-petal seed balls germinate, removing the seed balls with the pots after the buds of the germinated heavy-petal seed balls break soil, continuing to grow the single-petal seed balls in the greenhouse at the temperature of 23 ℃ under the condition of watering once every 3 days until the single-petal hippeastrum in the middle 3 months blooms;

2) growing the heavy petal bulbs which are removed from the pot in a greenhouse with the daytime temperature of 30 ℃ and the nighttime temperature of 22 ℃, and replenishing water in due time until the heavy petal is red and blossoms in 3 months middle ten days;

3) collecting pollen generated at the edge of each petal of the double-petal hippeastrum, and smearing the pollen on the stigma of the single-petal hippeastrum to pollinate the pollen;

4) after the pollinated flowers are fruited and the fruits are mature in the beginning of 5 months, the fruits are collected and the seeds are stripped, the seeds are sowed in humus soil of a seedling tray within one week, the seeds are covered with 1cm of soil and are placed in a greenhouse at the temperature of 23 ℃ for culture, and water is sprayed once every morning and evening until the seedlings bear seed balls;

5) taking out the seed balls from the seedling tray, soaking in 800 times of chlorothalonil solution for 10min, then planting in greenhouse soil, managing by water and fertilizer until the seed balls enter winter, remaining the seed balls in the soil for overwintering, and screening plants with heavy petals and excellent comprehensive ornamental properties until the seed seedlings bloom;

6) taking out the selected excellent plant in autumn, peeling off three layers of external scales, smearing the bulb with 75% alcohol twice, soaking in 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for 25min, washing with sterile water for three times, washing for 2min each time, cutting off one third of the upper part of the bulb, and cutting each bulb from the basal disc to strip-shaped explants with the length of 2cm and the width of 1 cm;

7) inoculating the explant obtained in the step 6) to a propagation medium, and culturing for 35 days under the conditions that the illumination intensity is 2800Lx, the illumination time is 13h/d, and the temperature is 22 ℃ to obtain a cluster seedling explant;

the propagation culture medium comprises: adding 1.7mg/L of 6-BA, 1.3mg/L of KT, 0.2mg/L of NAA, 30g/L of cane sugar and 6.0g/L of agar into an MS culture medium, wherein the pH value is 5.9;

8) cutting the clustered seedling explant obtained in the step 7) into single seedlings, inoculating the single seedlings onto a strong seedling culture medium, and culturing for 35 days under the conditions that the illumination intensity is 2800Lx, the illumination time is 13h/d, and the temperature is 22 ℃ to obtain seedlings;

the strong seedling culture medium comprises: adding 1.2mg/L KT, 0.4mg/L NAA, 30g/L sucrose and 6.0g/L agar into MS culture medium, wherein the pH value is 5.9;

9) inoculating the seedlings obtained in the step 8) to a nodulation rooting culture medium, culturing for 35 days under the conditions that the illumination intensity is 1800Lx, the illumination time is 10h/d and the temperature is 22 ℃, forming young seedballs, then taking out the young seedballs, inoculating to the nodulation rooting culture medium again, and culturing under the conditions that the illumination intensity is 1800Lx, the illumination time is 10h/d and the temperature is 22 ℃ until the seedballs with the surrounding diameter of more than 1cm are obtained;

the nodulation and rooting culture medium comprises: adding 0.4mg/L IBA, 55g/L sucrose and 6.0g/L agar into MS culture medium, wherein the pH is 5.9;

10) soaking the seed balls with the diameter of more than 1cm in the step 9) in 800 times of chlorothalonil solution for 20min, planting the seed balls in sterilized soil in a greenhouse, performing water and fertilizer management to obtain heavy-petal hippeastrum tips red seed balls, planting the seed balls in a flower shed, and enabling flowers to be shown in figure 5.

The water and fertilizer management of the step 5) and the step 10) is as follows:

(1) after the seed balls germinate and come out of the soil, fertilization is carried out once every 30 days for 5 times, and the components of the fertilizer are shown in the table 1:

TABLE 1

Components	Ammonium nitrate	Potassium nitrate	Magnesium sulfate	Potassium dihydrogen phosphate	Calcium nitrate	Potassium sulfate
							Dosage (kg/mu)	5.5	3.0	5.8	8.5	3.5	3.0

(2) After new leaves grow out, spraying the foliar fertilizer once every 40 days for 3 times, wherein the component concentration of the applied fertilizer is shown in table 2:

TABLE 2

Components	Ferric citrate	Boric acid	Copper sulfate	Zinc sulfate	Ammonium molybdate
						Concentration (kg/mu)	0.03	0.01	0.05	0.05	0.015

The characteristics of the cultivar of the double-petal hippeastrum progeny obtained in example 3: 1. the petals are heavy, and the number of the petals can reach more than 12; 2. the number of buds of each flower is 2-4; 3. the flowering period is 95 days; 4. flower color: the end parts of the petals are pink, and the middle and lower parts of the petals are white.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (1)

1. A cultivation method of heavy valve hippeastrum rutilum is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) harvesting the heavy petal and single petal species of hippeastrum at the beginning of 10 months in the current year, then placing the harvested seedballs in a dark room with ventilation of 4-8 ℃ for storage till the end of 12 months, then adjusting the temperature of the dark room to 20-25 ℃, continuing to store the harvested seedballs to the bottom of 1 month in the next year, respectively planting the seedballs in pots, placing the seedballs in the pots in a greenhouse with the temperature of 18-25 ℃, watering once every 3 days until the heavy petal and single petal seedballs germinate, removing the seedballs with pot after the buds of the germinated heavy petal seedballs break soil, continuing to grow the single petal seedballs in the greenhouse at the temperature of 18-25 ℃ under the condition of watering once every 3 days until the single petal hippeastrum blooms in the middle 3 months;

2) growing the heavy petal bulbs removed by the pot in a greenhouse at the daytime temperature of 28-32 ℃ and the nighttime temperature of 20-25 ℃, and timely supplementing water until the heavy petal bulbs bloom in 3 months middle ten days;

3) collecting pollen generated at the edge of each petal of the double-petal hippeastrum, and smearing the pollen on the stigma of the single-petal hippeastrum to pollinate the pollen;

4) after the pollinated flowers are fruited and the fruits are ripe at the beginning of 5 months, the fruits are collected and seeds are stripped, the seeds are sown in humus soil of a seedling tray within one week, the seeds are covered with 1cm of soil and placed in a greenhouse at the temperature of 18-25 ℃ for culture, and water is sprayed once in the early morning and at the evening every day until the seedlings bear seed balls;

5) taking out the seed balls from the seedling tray, soaking in 800 times of chlorothalonil solution for 10min, then planting in greenhouse soil, managing by water and fertilizer until the seed balls enter winter, remaining the seed balls in the soil for overwintering, and screening plants with heavy petals and excellent comprehensive ornamental properties until the seed seedlings bloom;

6) taking out the selected excellent plant in autumn, peeling off three layers of external scales, smearing the bulb with 75% alcohol twice, soaking in 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for 20-30min, washing with sterile water for three times for 2min each time, cutting off one third of the upper part of the bulb, and cutting each bulb from the basal disc to strip-shaped explants with the length of 2cm and the width of 1 cm;

7) inoculating the explant obtained in the step 6) onto a propagation culture medium, and culturing for 30-40 days under the conditions that the illumination intensity is 2500-3000 Lx, the illumination time is 12-14 h/d, and the temperature is 20-25 ℃ to obtain a clump seedling explant;

the propagation culture medium comprises: adding 1.5-2.0 mg/L of 6-BA, 1.0-1.5 mg/L of KT, 0.1-0.3 mg/L of NAA, 30g/L of cane sugar and 6.0g/L of agar into an MS culture medium, wherein the pH value is 5.8-6.0;

8) cutting the clustered seedling explant obtained in the step 7) into single seedlings, inoculating the single seedlings onto a strong seedling culture medium, and culturing for 30-40 days under the conditions that the illumination intensity is 2500-3000 Lx, the illumination time is 12-14 h/d, and the temperature is 20-25 ℃ to obtain seedlings;

the strong seedling culture medium comprises: adding 1.0-1.5 mg/L KT, 0.3-0.5 mg/L NAA, 30g/L cane sugar and 6.0g/L agar into an MS culture medium, wherein the pH value is 5.8-6.0;

9) inoculating the seedlings obtained in the step 8) to a nodulation rooting culture medium, culturing for 30-40 days under the conditions that the illumination intensity is 1500-2000 Lx, the illumination time is 8-12 h/d and the temperature is 20-25 ℃, taking out the young seedballs, inoculating the young seedballs to the nodulation rooting culture medium again, and culturing under the conditions that the illumination intensity is 1500-2000 Lx, the illumination time is 8-12 h/d and the temperature is 20-25 ℃ until the seedballs with the surrounding diameter of more than 1cm are obtained;

the nodulation and rooting culture medium comprises: adding 0.3-0.5 mg/L IBA, 50-60 g/L sucrose and 6.0g/L agar into an MS culture medium, wherein the pH is 5.8-6.0;

10) soaking the seed balls with the diameter of more than 1cm in the step 9) in 800 times of chlorothalonil solution for 20min, then planting the seed balls in sterilized soil in a greenhouse, and performing water and fertilizer management to obtain the seed balls of the heavy valve hippeastrum.

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