CN112704005A - Rapid directional improvement technology for wheat target character - Google Patents
Rapid directional improvement technology for wheat target character Download PDFInfo
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- CN112704005A CN112704005A CN202011592729.4A CN202011592729A CN112704005A CN 112704005 A CN112704005 A CN 112704005A CN 202011592729 A CN202011592729 A CN 202011592729A CN 112704005 A CN112704005 A CN 112704005A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the agricultural technology and relates to the field of crop genetic breeding science. A fast directional improvement technique for the target character of wheat includes such steps as hybridizing between the receptor variety not containing target character gene as female parent and the donor wheat variety containing target character gene as male parent to generate F1Seeds; f is to be1Backcrossing of seeds with recipient varieties to produce BC1Seeds; backcrossing the selected individual plant carrying the target character gene with the receptor variety to generate BC2Seeds; second, the BC is mixed2Planting seeds in a greenhouse, performing KASP marker assisted selection and whole genome background selection, backcrossing selected individuals carrying target trait genes with receptor varieties to generate BC3Seeds, and the like. The invention can realize rapid and accurate directional selection and directional improvement on target characters in the process of wheat breeding, greatly shorten the breeding period of new varieties and improve the breeding efficiency of new varietiesAnd (4) rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the agricultural technology, relates to the field of crop genetic breeding, and particularly relates to a rapid directional improvement technology for target traits of wheat.
Background
A wheat target character improvement technology belongs to a common technology currently engaged in wheat breeding and research. The wheat target character directional improvement technology is a basic test technology engaged in wheat breeding, germplasm innovation and scientific research.
At present, the rapid and accurate directional selection and directional improvement of target traits in the wheat breeding process cannot be realized. In addition, a progeny system is generated through cross breeding among varieties, the time of 7-8 years is generally needed after continuous selection for many years until a homozygous stable strain is formed, and if the time for breeding the new variety is calculated by participating in regional test and production test and variety review of the bred strain, the time for breeding the new variety is generally needed to be more than 10 years at the fastest, so that the breeding period of the new variety is very long, and the breeding variety characteristics cannot meet the requirements of industry and market change. Therefore, how to precisely and directionally improve the target traits of crops, greatly shorten the period of wheat breeding and germplasm innovation, and improve the breeding efficiency of new varieties. There are 2 problems to be solved: (1) precise directional selection and improvement of the target characters of the wheat; (2) and (3) constructing a wheat factory rapid breeding system. Only by solving the two problems, the rapid, accurate and directional improvement of the target characters of the wheat can be realized, and the breeding efficiency is greatly improved.
The prior invention technology which is closest to the method at present is a rice blast directional improvement method of Wangping, and the like, and the method applies for (patent) No: CN 201610858758.8. The method uses the backbone rice breeding material of rice blast as an acceptor and takes the rice blast resistant material as a disease-resistant gene donorPerforming hybridization pairing, and then performing backcross to obtain BC1F1Combining the generations; and planting, inoculating the mixed rice blast germ strain in seedling stage to identify rice blast resistance, screening to obtain individual rice plant material for resisting seedling blight, planting the screened individual plant material in disease nursery, and backcrossing again to obtain BC2F1Combining the generations; simultaneously, the resistance of the panicle blast of each individual plant material is identified through the natural induction in the rice blast disease nursery field, and BC with the resistance of the panicle blast of the rice blast is obtained through screening2F1Combining the generations; planting BC2F1And (5) generating seeds, simultaneously carrying out resistance identification on the blast disease neck blast, and screening to obtain a target breeding material with improved blast disease resistance. The method does not utilize functional gene markers and a whole genome chip for accurate and efficient auxiliary selection, and does not combine a rapid breeding technology for rapid industrialized breeding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an economical and practical rapid directional improvement technology for the target characters of wheat, which can realize rapid and accurate directional selection and directional improvement on the target characters in the breeding process of the wheat, greatly shorten the breeding period of new varieties, improve the breeding efficiency of the new varieties and is suitable for the application of the rapid directional improvement technology for the target characters of the wheat.
The invention discloses a rapid directional improvement technology for wheat target characters, which mainly comprises the following steps:
first, a recipient variety without the target character gene is used as a female parent, a donor wheat variety with the target character gene is used as a male parent to perform hybridization to generate F1Seeds; f to be harvested1Seeds are planted in the greenhouse for backcrossing with recipient varieties to produce BC1Seeds; the harvested BC1Planting seeds in a greenhouse, performing KASP marker assisted selection and whole genome background selection, backcrossing selected individuals carrying target trait genes with receptor varieties to generate BC2Seeds;
second step, harvesting the BC2Planting seeds in a greenhouse, performing KASP marker assisted selection and whole genome background selection, backcrossing selected individuals carrying target trait genes with receptor varieties to generate BC3Seeds; the harvested BC3The seeds are planted in a greenhouse and subjected to KASP marker assisted selection and whole genome background selection, and selected individuals carrying the target trait genes are subjected to selfing to generate homozygous stable improved strains carrying the target trait genes.
Preferably, the target traits of the wheat suitable for improvement by the method mainly comprise adaptability, grain size, thousand kernel weight, spike germination resistance, quality, stress resistance and disease and insect resistance.
Preferably, in the first step, before the seeds of the female parent and the male parent are hybridized, the vernalization culture is carried out; f to be harvested1Performing vernalization treatment culture before backcrossing the seeds and the receptor variety; the harvested BC1Performing vernalization treatment culture before backcrossing the seeds and the receptor variety;
in the second step, harvested BC is subjected to2Performing vernalization treatment culture before backcrossing the seeds and the receptor variety; the harvested BC3And performing vernalization treatment culture before selfing the seeds and the selected single plants.
Preferably, the culture of the vernalization treatment comprises the following specific steps:
sterilizing with 0.1% arsenic and mercury in culture dish, germinating, exposing white grains, placing into refrigerator, performing culture at low temperature of 2-4 deg.C for 10-14 days, and adding 0.3% H for the first 1-2 days during low temperature culture2022-3 ml/dish is beneficial to accelerating the vernalization process of strong winter wheat; repeatedly washing the seedlings in the culture dish with distilled water for 1-2 times every 2-3d during the low-temperature vernalization culture period, and adding Hoagland nutrient solution for culture; transplanting the de-vernalized seedlings into plastic flowerpots with the diameter of a pot opening of 15-18cm, sowing 8-10 seedlings in each pot, wherein the sowing depth is 3-5cm, culturing the sowed flowerpots in an indoor culture room, setting the illumination time to be 12-16h every 24h by using a red and blue cold light source for plant culture, and culturing at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the humidity of 55-65%; culturing to tillering stage, wherein the height of the plant is about 10-15cm, each plant generally keeps 2-3 robust tillers, and the rest tillers are cut from the root; applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer every 12-14 days, and culturingAnd (4) until the grains are filled and mature at the beginning of 11 months, selecting 1 plant with the best growth vigor in each pot, and threshing and harvesting the main stem and single ear of the plant.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
a fast directional improvement technique for wheat target characteristics features that the functional genes with known characteristics in wheat, such as adaptability, grain size, thousand seed weight, resistance to ear germination, quality, resistance to stress and diseases and pests, are used as markers. The method comprises the steps of hybridizing an acceptor variety (line) without a specific target gene with a donor parent (a variety containing the specific target character gene), generating offspring, carrying out continuous three-generation backcross with the donor parent, carrying out KASP marker-assisted selection and whole genome background selection on the offspring system material in the period, carrying out selfing on a selected line, and finally improving the target character of the acceptor variety (line).
The technical scheme is used for rapidly and directionally improving the target characters of the wheat, and the specific effects are as follows:
(1) the trait improvement in the conventional hybridization breeding of wheat is usually multiple trait improvement, and the trait improvement direction is uncontrollable and undirected. The invention aims at the targeted character of wheat to implement directional improvement, and the targeted character to be improved is directionally controllable by carrying out 3 times of backcross transformation on the targeted character continuously and combining KASP marker assisted selection and whole genome background selection, which is the character improvement of the invention in the conventional wheat crossbreeding.
(2) The target traits of wheat which can be improved by the present invention are relatively limited (as shown in table 1), but as more functional genes in wheat are largely cloned and discovered in the future, more target traits can be used as the target traits for improvement of the present invention.
(3) If the invention is applied to the targeted character directional improvement according to 1 generation of spring wheat in 1 year and 2 generation of winter wheat in 3 years, the spring wheat needs 5 years and the winter wheat needs 7.5 years, and the invention combines the established wheat rapid breeding technology, namely, the vernalization treatment culture is carried out on seeds for many times in the technical scheme. The rapid directional improvement of the target character can be completed within 1.5 years (as shown in table 2), the time is shortened to 20-30% compared with the time for improving the field character, and a stable strain is obtained.
TABLE 1 Targeted traits Table for wheat for Rapid Targeted improvement
TABLE 2 comparison of wheat trait improvement time under field growth conditions
In conclusion, the invention can realize rapid and accurate directional selection and directional improvement on target characters in the process of wheat breeding, greatly shorten the breeding period of new varieties, improve the breeding efficiency of the new varieties and provide test materials for new wheat variety breeding, germplasm resource innovation and scientific research. Compared with the prior art, the invention is an economical and practical rapid directional improvement technology for the target characters of the wheat.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wheat target trait rapid targeting improvement technology roadmap in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to the attached drawings, the technical scheme takes the rapid directional improvement of the leaf rust resistance of strong winter wheat as an example, and the specific implementation scheme of the technology is described in detail as follows:
the recipient variety is stone 2013-2 without leaf rust resistant major genes, and the donor variety rapidly and directionally improves the leaf rust resistant character of the recipient wheat stone 2013-2 in 6 months in 1 year by using Miao 1062 containing the leaf rust resistant major genes Lr9 and Lr14 a.
1. In 9 months of the year, the stones 2013-2 and the Chinese barley 1062 seeds are disinfected in a culture dish by 0.1 percent of arsenic mercury and then germinated, the seeds are placed in a refrigerator after white exposure, and are subjected to vernalization treatment culture at the low temperature of 2-4 ℃ for 10-14 days. 0.3% H was added during the first 1-2 days of the low temperature culture202And 2-3 ml/dish is beneficial to accelerating the vernalization process of the strong winter wheat. Every 2 th of the low temperature vernalization culture periodAnd (3) repeatedly washing the seedlings in the culture dish for 1-2 times by using distilled water, and adding a Hoagland nutrient solution for culture to be beneficial to forming strong seedlings. Transplanting the de-vernalized seedlings into plastic flowerpots with the diameter of a pot opening of 15-18cm, sowing 8-10 seedlings in each pot, wherein the sowing depth is 3-5cm, culturing the sowed flowerpots in an indoor culture room, setting the illumination time for 12-16h (every 24h) by using a red-blue cold light source for culturing commercial plants, and culturing at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the humidity of 55-65%. Culturing to tillering stage, wherein the height of the plant is about 10-15cm, each plant generally keeps 2-3 robust tillers, and the rest tillers are cut from the root. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied once every 12-14 days, and can be correspondingly adjusted in the aspects of watering and fertilizing according to the growth condition of seedlings in the pots. Culturing until heading, hybridizing with receptor variety stone 2013-2 without leaf rust-resistant major gene as female parent and donor wheat variety Miao 1062 with leaf rust-resistant major genes Lr9 and Lr14a as male parent, culturing until kernel is grouted and matured at the beginning of 12 months, and harvesting 5 ears F1And (4) seeds.
2. F harvested in middle and last 12 months1The seeds are subjected to vernalization treatment according to the steps, planted in a greenhouse and backcrossed with stones 2013-2, and 20-30 spike BC are harvested in 3 months in the next year1And (4) seeds.
3. 3 harvested BC in mid-month1The seeds are subjected to vernalization treatment according to the steps and then planted in a greenhouse, leaves are taken at the jointing stage to extract DNA for KASP marker assisted selection and whole genome chip background selection marker, selected individuals carrying main leaf rust resistant genes Lr9 and Lr14a are backcrossed with stone 2013-2, the seeds are cultured until the seeds are grouted and mature in the middle of 6 months, and 20-30 ear BC is harvested2And (4) seeds.
4. BC harvested in late 6 months2The seeds are subjected to vernalization treatment according to the steps and then planted in a greenhouse, leaves are taken at the jointing stage to extract DNA for KASP marker-assisted selection and whole genome background selection, selected individuals carrying main leaf rust resistant genes Lr9 and Lr14a are backcrossed with stone 2013-2, the seeds are cultured until the seeds are grouted and mature in the last ten days of 9 months, and 20-30 ear BC is harvested3And (4) seeds.
5. BC harvested at the beginning of 10 months3The seeds are subjected to vernalization treatment according to the steps and then planted in a greenhouse, and leaves are taken in the jointing stageDNA is extracted from the slices to carry out KASP marker auxiliary selection and whole genome background selection, selected individuals carrying main leaf rust resistant genes Lr9 and Lr14a are subjected to selfing, and grains are cultivated to be mature in a filling manner at the beginning of 1 month to generate a homozygous stable improved strain carrying the main leaf rust resistant genes Lr9 and Lr14 a.
Claims (4)
1. A rapid oriented improvement technology for wheat target traits is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
first, a recipient variety without the target character gene is used as a female parent, a donor wheat variety with the target character gene is used as a male parent to perform hybridization to generate F1Seeds; f to be harvested1Seeds are planted in the greenhouse for backcrossing with recipient varieties to produce BC1Seeds; the harvested BC1Planting seeds in a greenhouse, performing KASP marker assisted selection and whole genome background selection, backcrossing selected individuals carrying target trait genes with receptor varieties to generate BC2Seeds;
second step, harvesting the BC2Planting seeds in a greenhouse, performing KASP marker assisted selection and whole genome background selection, backcrossing selected individuals carrying target trait genes with receptor varieties to generate BC3Seeds; the harvested BC3The seeds are planted in a greenhouse and subjected to KASP marker assisted selection and whole genome background selection, and selected individuals carrying the target trait genes are subjected to selfing to generate homozygous stable improved strains carrying the target trait genes.
2. The rapid targeted wheat trait improvement technology of claim 1 wherein the wheat trait targets suitable for improvement by the method comprise traits of adaptability, grain size, thousand kernel weight, spike and sprout resistance, quality, stress tolerance, and disease and insect resistance.
3. The rapid directional improvement technology for wheat target traits as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the first step, before the hybridization of the seeds of the female parent and male parent,performing vernalization treatment and culture; f to be harvested1Performing vernalization treatment culture before backcrossing the seeds and the receptor variety; the harvested BC1Performing vernalization treatment culture before backcrossing the seeds and the receptor variety;
in the second step, harvested BC is subjected to2Performing vernalization treatment culture before backcrossing the seeds and the receptor variety; the harvested BC3And performing vernalization treatment culture before selfing the seeds and the selected single plants.
4. The wheat target trait rapid orientation improvement technology as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the vernalization treatment culture specifically comprises:
sterilizing with 0.1% arsenic and mercury in culture dish, germinating, exposing white grains, placing into refrigerator, performing culture at low temperature of 2-4 deg.C for 10-14 days, and adding 0.3% H for the first 1-2 days during low temperature culture2022-3 ml/dish is beneficial to accelerating the vernalization process of strong winter wheat; repeatedly washing the seedlings in the culture dish with distilled water for 1-2 times every 2-3d during the low-temperature vernalization culture period, and adding Hoagland nutrient solution for culture; transplanting the de-vernalized seedlings into plastic flowerpots with the diameter of a pot opening of 15-18cm, sowing 8-10 seedlings in each pot, wherein the sowing depth is 3-5cm, culturing the sowed flowerpots in an indoor culture room, setting the illumination time to be 12-16h every 24h by using a red and blue cold light source for plant culture, and culturing at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the humidity of 55-65%; culturing to tillering stage, wherein the height of the plant is about 10-15cm, each plant generally keeps 2-3 robust tillers, and the rest tillers are cut from the root; applying nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer once every 12-14 days, culturing until the grains are filled and mature at the beginning of 11 months, selecting 1 plant with best growth vigor in each pot, and threshing and harvesting the main stem and single ear.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN111631131A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-09-08 | 石河子大学 | Method for accelerating strong winter wheat hybridization breeding process in 3 generations in 1 year |
| CN114600767A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-06-10 | 四川省农业科学院作物研究所 | Method for rapidly breeding wheat durable stripe rust resistant variety |
| CN114680039A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-07-01 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Breeding method of winter wheat molecular marker assisted selection generation-adding technology |
| CN114885828A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-08-12 | 四川省农业科学院作物研究所 | Method for improving thousand-grain weight breeding of wheat |
| CN116806693A (en) * | 2023-07-26 | 2023-09-29 | 沧州市农林科学院 | Method for indoor rapid construction of wheat chromosome fragment substitution line population |
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