CN105248013A - Application of artificial vernalization in yield breeding of wheat and method of application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses the application and method of artificial vernalization in wheat yield breeding, which is to select wheat varieties with good comprehensive properties, high yield level, but late heading stage under early sowing conditions, and fully absorb water to the dry seeds of the wheat varieties. After germination, treat at a low temperature of 1-2°C for 5-10 days, then sow early, and evaluate the effect by examining the emergence, jointing, heading, flowering and maturity stages of wheat, as well as the yield and yield structure. New varieties of wheat with higher yield levels are bred. The present invention combines artificial vernalization with wheat yield breeding for the first time, which can expand the selection range of variety types in wheat yield breeding in a certain area, and reduce the difficulty of wheat yield breeding in this area; The treatment of fine wheat varieties can expand the scope of its adaptation area, which is conducive to obtaining new wheat varieties with higher yields; when the new wheat varieties cultivated need to be artificially vernalized before planting, they can be used as protective breeders. Technical measures of related rights and interests.

Description

The Application and Method of Artificial Vernalization in Wheat Yield Breeding

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat yield breeding.

Background technique

Wheat is distributed all over the world. In order to adapt to the ecological climate conditions in different places, wheat has derived different ecological types. The wheat ecological type adapted to the local eco-climatic conditions ensures that the wheat will head, flower and bear fruit at the right time, thus completing the life cycle of wheat. The process of vernalization determines the differences in wheat ecotypes. The so-called vernalization of wheat means that after the germination of wheat seeds, the growth point of wheat must pass through a period of influence with low temperature as the dominant factor in addition to certain comprehensive conditions, before earing and fruiting can occur, otherwise it will be unfruitful for life. This period of low temperature influence is called the vernalization stage of wheat. This low-temperature vernalization method ensures that the earing of wheat occurs after the low temperature passes, thereby effectively avoiding the earing and flowering of wheat when the ambient temperature is low, which is a manifestation of wheat's adaptability to the environment.

The organ that receives low temperature response in the vernalization stage of wheat is the growth point of germinated seed embryo or the growth point of green seedling stem. If the conditions are suitable, the vernalization stage of wheat can begin with seed germination. Generally speaking, the elongation stage of the growth cone is the sign that the wheat has passed the vernalization stage, and the two-edge stage is the sign that the vernalization stage of wheat has ended.

According to the degree and duration of low temperature required in the vernalization stage of wheat, wheat can be divided into three main types: winter varieties, semi-winter varieties and spring varieties. Winter varieties: The suitable temperature for passing the vernalization stage is 0–3°C, and it takes more than 30 days. This kind of variety is creeping at the seedling stage, has strong cold resistance, and is extremely sensitive to temperature response. Spring sowing of seeds without vernalization treatment is generally Can not ear. Semi-winter varieties: The suitable temperature for passing the vernalization stage is 0-7°C, and the time required is 15-35 days. This kind of varieties are semi-creeping at the seedling stage and have strong cold resistance. Generally, seeds without vernalization treatment in spring can not head. Or delayed heading, very irregular heading. Spring varieties: The suitable temperature for passing the vernalization stage is 0-12°C, and the time required is 5-15 days. The seedlings of these varieties are upright at the seedling stage, poor in cold resistance, and insensitive to temperature responses. Spring sowing of unvernalized seeds can Normal heading and fruiting. The environments to which wheat adapts vary widely, and so do the ecological types of wheat, with many different types lying between the three main types above.

Because wheat varieties of different ecological types can only adapt to the corresponding environmental conditions, there are fewer types of wheat varieties that can adapt to the ecological conditions of a certain area; corresponding ecological regions. For example, at present, only spring wheat varieties can be selected and promoted in the Sichuan Basin wheat area, and weak spring or winter varieties are rarely used, while weak winter varieties are mainly used in northern wheat areas such as Henan. This hinders the exchange and use of wheat varieties in different places, increases the difficulty of breeding work to a certain extent, and is not conducive to breakthroughs in the yield potential of wheat varieties.

In the Sichuan Basin, the inventor's laboratory advances the sowing date of wheat from the first ten days of November to the first ten days of October in order to select some weak spring or weak winter varieties that are suitable for early sowing and have a longer growth period. Higher yield potential due to longer tillering, panicle differentiation and grain filling periods. Through more than 10 years of hard work, the above research work has made good progress. However, during the research process, it was found that some wheat strains could reach a relatively high yield under the conditions of sowing in early October, but heading, flowering, and maturity were still delayed. Rice requires wheat to be harvested as early as possible, so varieties that ripen too late are difficult to use in production.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that some wheat strains are heading late under early sowing conditions, and the yield potential cannot be fully brought into play, so as to increase the selection range of variety types in wheat yield breeding in a certain area, and also expand a certain area simultaneously. The range of regions to which type wheat varieties are adapted, and eventually new varieties of wheat with higher yield levels are bred.

Analyzing the reasons for the late heading of the above wheat lines under early sowing conditions, it may be that these wheat lines are of weak spring or winter nature, and vernalization requires lower temperatures, and the temperature for a period of time after wheat sowing is relatively low. It is not conducive to the vernalization of wheat, so even if it is further sown in advance, it will not significantly promote its early heading, flowering and maturity. However, artificial vernalization is a good choice to achieve the purpose of allowing it to head, bloom and mature at an appropriate time, and to further increase the yield.

Therefore, the present invention provides following technical scheme:

1. Application of artificial vernalization in wheat yield breeding.

2. The application method of artificial vernalization in wheat yield breeding is to select wheat varieties with good comprehensive traits and high yield level, but the heading date is late under early sowing conditions, and the dry seeds are fully water-absorbed until the seeds germinate. Low temperature treatment at 1-2°C for 5-10 days, and then early sowing, through the evaluation of the effects of wheat emergence, jointing, heading, flowering and maturity, as well as yield and yield structure, and finally cultivate a more New varieties of wheat with high yield levels.

Further, the wheat variety with a later heading date under the early sowing condition is a wheat variety with a later heading date under the condition of sowing in early October in the Sichuan Basin.

Further, the wheat variety is a weak spring or weak winter variety.

Further, the wheat variety is R801, P177, Fan 37123, TZ01, 31966, PZ-32, R802, TZ366, P188, P94, 20828-11, Q37 or F9-180.

The invention provides the application and method of artificial vernalization in wheat yield breeding. The beneficial effect is that the artificial vernalization technology is currently mainly used in basic research and seed multiplication, and its main purpose is to promote earing and fruiting. The present invention combines artificial vernalization with wheat yield breeding for the first time: 1) It can expand the selection range of variety types in wheat yield breeding in a certain area, and reduce the difficulty of wheat yield breeding in this area. For example, in the Sichuan Basin, some Weak spring or weak winter types that cannot be used at present are bred into varieties, thereby increasing the types of wheat varieties that are compatible with the climate and ecological conditions in this area; Variety treatment can expand the range of areas it can adapt to, and is conducive to obtaining new wheat varieties with higher yields. For example, some excellent weak winter varieties in the northern wheat area can be used in the Sichuan Basin wheat area through artificial vernalization; 3) The new wheat varieties cultivated by the method of the present invention must first carry out artificial vernalization to the seeds before sowing, otherwise they will not be able to head, bloom and mature normally, and the yield will also be greatly reduced. It is not easy to master this relatively complicated technology, so to achieve high yield, it is necessary to purchase seeds that have been artificially vernalized, which protects the interests of wheat breeders to a certain extent.

detailed description

In order to make the object, technical solution and beneficial effect of the present invention clearer, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.

From 2014 to 2015, 13 wheat materials with good comprehensive traits and high yield were selected, but the heading date was late under the condition of sowing on October 10 in the Sichuan Basin, and the effects of artificial vernalization on wheat growth were investigated in Qionglai City, Sichuan Province. Process and yield and its compositional impact. The specific method is as follows: dry wheat seeds are fully absorbed in water for 12 hours and then treated at 2°C for 10 days at a low temperature; the control means that the seeds are soaked in water the day before sowing; and then both are sown on October 10 at the same time. The results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

Table 1 Effect of artificial vernalization on wheat growth process

It can be seen from Table 1 that the growth and development of wheat can indeed be promoted by low temperature treatment. In the case of simultaneous sowing and simultaneous emergence, the jointing stage, heading stage and maturity stage of each wheat line have different degrees of advance; Vernalization can indeed affect the growth process of wheat.

Table 2 Effects of artificial vernalization on wheat yield and composition

It can be seen from Table 2 that artificial vernalization mainly manifests as an increase in the number of grains per ear and grain weight, and the effect on ear formation is quite different among the strains. The response is also different. From the perspective of final yield, the yield of 12 materials also increased correspondingly, up to 23.89%, and the main reason for the decrease or insignificant increase in yield of some lines was that these lines had strong spring sex, and the heading was too high due to the low temperature treatment. Early, in the event of a cold spring, the production was not reduced or increased much.

The above experimental results show that artificial vernalization can indeed affect the growth process of wheat, and then affect the composition of wheat yield, and finally affect the yield of wheat. In the Sichuan Basin, for spring varieties, low temperature treatment will cause premature heading and flowering and reduce yield, while for weak spring varieties or weak winter varieties, low temperature treatment will promote their growth and early heading and flowering, so that Its growth process is more adapted to the local climate, resulting in higher yields.

Although above-mentioned test is carried out in Sichuan Basin, other wheat areas except Sichuan Basin also can refer to and use the method of the present invention.

Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that it can be described in terms of form and Various changes may be made in the details without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the claims.

Claims (5)

1. Application of artificial vernalization in wheat yield breeding. 2. The application method of artificial vernalization in wheat yield breeding, is characterized in that, selects the wheat variety with good comprehensive traits, higher yield level, but late heading stage under early sowing conditions, and its dry seeds are fully water-absorbed until the seeds germinate Afterwards, treat at a low temperature of 1-2°C for 5-10 days, then sow early, and evaluate the effects of wheat at the emergence stage, jointing stage, heading stage, flowering stage and maturity stage, as well as the yield and yield structure, and finally cultivate New varieties of wheat with higher yield levels. 3. the application method of artificial vernalization in wheat yield breeding as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, under the described early sowing condition, the late wheat variety with heading date is heading under the condition of sowing in the first ten days of October in Sichuan Basin later wheat varieties. 4. the application method of artificial vernalization in wheat yield breeding as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described wheat variety is weak spring or weak winter variety. 5. the application method of artificial vernalization in wheat yield breeding as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described wheat variety is R801, P177, Fan 37123, TZ01, 31966, PZ-32, R802, TZ366, P188 , P94, 20828-11, Q37 or F9-180.