CN107466856B - Rapid propagation method of sweet potato seedlings - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a rapid propagation method of sweet potato seedlings, belonging to the field of planting and comprising the following specific steps: (1) inducing germination and seedling growth: disinfecting the seeds, and then putting the seeds into a culture medium for culturing and seedling; (2) preparation of an incubator and seedling cultivation: preparing a box capable of culturing the germinated seedlings, and then carrying out spray culture; (3) growing seedlings in a hotbed: carrying out three times of hotbed cultivation on the obtained seedlings, and controlling the temperature and humidity conditions; (4) cutting seedlings: cutting seedlings with branches and leaves, and ensuring the quantity of leaves to be a certain quantity, so that the seedlings can grow and survive conveniently; (5) and (3) rapid seed reproduction: planting the seedlings in the field, periodically fertilizing and weeding, and performing high-ridge double-row cultivation; the invention leads the propagation coefficient of the sweet potato to be high, the propagation speed to be fast, and the invention has the advantages of ready preparation, unlimited propagation, tender stem propagation, high survival rate and the like.

Description

Rapid propagation method of sweet potato seedlings

Technical Field

The invention relates to a planting and breeding method, in particular to a rapid breeding method of sweet potato seedlings.

Background

The sweet potato is a root tuber crop, 50 kilograms of seeds are generally used per 667 square meters, the yield of fresh sweet potatoes is 3000 kilograms per 667 square meters, the reproduction multiple is about 60 to 100 times of the weight of the sweet potatoes, the popularization period of fine sweet potato seeds is delayed due to the large amount of seeds and the high yield, the speed of fine sweet seed popularization is hindered, the sweet potato seeds are quickly popularized, the method is as important as breeding new varieties, effective measures are taken, a large number of sweet potato seeds are bred in 1 to 2 years, and the problem which needs to be solved urgently in the process of fine sweet potato seed popularization is solved, at present, the fast sweet potato seed reproduction technology mainly comprises three types: (1) the propagation coefficient of the multi-stage propagation method by heating is 3000 times, (2) the propagation coefficient of the single-double leaf node propagation method is 4000 times, and (3) the propagation coefficient of the large-plant comprehensive propagation method is 1000 times, but the three methods are rapid propagation methods, have respective advantages and disadvantages, and have unsatisfactory propagation coefficient.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a rapid propagation method of sweet potato seedlings in the field of planting.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a rapid propagation method of sweet potato seedlings comprises the following specific steps:

(1) inducing germination and seedling growth: firstly, selecting normal dormant sweet potato seeds, then disinfecting the sweet potato seeds for 8-15 minutes by using 0.1% L mercury, washing the sweet potato seeds with sterile water for 4-6 times, inoculating the disinfected seeds into a prepared germination culture medium, wherein the culture medium contains 3000 milligrams of agar per liter and 10000 milligrams of sugar per liter, 20000 milligrams per liter, stripping stem tips with leaf primordium under a stereoscopic dissection mirror, inoculating the stem tips to an induction culture medium added with 0.1-0.2 milligrams per liter of NAA and 1-2 milligrams per liter of BPA, inducing differentiation of adventitious buds, and culturing for 6 weeks at the culture temperature of 26-28 ℃ under the illumination condition of 12-14 hours every day to obtain seedlings;

(2) preparation of an incubator and seedling cultivation: preparing a box body, placing a plurality of culture pots in the box body, arranging a box cover on the upper side of the box body, arranging spraying devices on the box cover, wherein the number of the spraying devices is the same as that of the culture pots in the box body, the spraying devices respectively face the corresponding culture pots, then placing sweet potato seedlings in the culture pots for culture, and spraying nutrient solution to the seedlings in the culture pots in a atomized manner by the spraying devices; the box body is made of glass;

the nutrient solution comprises the following components: 945 mg per liter calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 506 mg per liter potassium nitrate, 80 mg per liter ammonium nitrate, 136 mg per liter monopotassium phosphate and 493 mg per liter magnesium phosphate.

(3) Growing seedlings in a hotbed: arranging a heat conducting plate at the bottom of the incubator in the step (2), placing the incubator on an electric heating hotbed, selecting to carry out primary seedling raising in January, carrying out firing once in the morning and evening and 20min each time, wherein the temperature of bed soil reaches 25-32 ℃, after firing is finished, covering the incubator body with a heat insulating film to ensure waste heat, keeping the bed temperature through the waste heat and solar energy, watering once every other day to ensure that the humidity is 75-81%, then selecting to carry out secondary seedling raising in February, ensuring that the temperature is 25-32 ℃ and the relative humidity is 75-81% in the process, carrying out tertiary seedling raising in February, and controlling the temperature and humidity conditions to be the same as that of primary secondary seedling raising;

(4) cutting seedlings: cutting the cultivated sweet potato seedlings, wherein 5 leaves are required to be left each time, and 2-4 leaves are required to be left each time from the second cutting;

the sprouting of the branches is promoted, so that the seedling collection amount is not reduced when the branches are more, 5 leaves must be cut from vine tip seedlings, and 3 leaves must be cut from seedlings below the vine tips;

(5) and (3) rapid seed reproduction: after the steps (3) and (4), the spring seedlings are guaranteed to be planted in the months of 4 to 5, the summer seedlings are guaranteed to be planted in the months of 6, the autumn seedlings are planted in the months of 7, and the field is cultivated in a row-high ridge double-row mode, so that the edge row advantages are fully exerted, the yield of a single plant is improved, sufficient fertilizer is applied, and the fertilizer components are as follows: the weeding composition is prepared by weeding at regular time by using 15 kg of urea, 20 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 15 kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer and 50 kg of rape seed cake, applying 75 to 100 kg of 0.5 percent monopotassium phosphate fertilizer solution to foliage for 50 days before harvesting, and spraying for 2-4 times every 10 to 15 days.

As a still further improvement of the invention: and (5) applying root tuber expanding fertilizer once after the soil cracks in the seed reproduction process.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention leads the propagation coefficient of the sweet potato to be high, the propagation speed to be fast, and the invention has the advantages of ready preparation, unlimited propagation, tender stem propagation, high survival rate and the like.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present patent will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a rapid propagation method of sweet potato seedlings, which comprises the following specific steps:

(1) inducing germination and seedling growth: selecting normal dormant sweet potato seeds, sterilizing the sweet potato seeds for 8 minutes by using 0.1 percent L of mercury, washing the sweet potato seeds with sterile water for 4 times, inoculating the sterilized seeds into a prepared germination culture medium, wherein the culture medium contains 3000 mg of agar and 10000 mg of sugar per liter, peeling stem tips with leaf primordia under a stereoscopic dissection mirror, inoculating the stem tips to an induction culture medium added with 0.1 mg of NAA and 1 mg of BA per liter, inducing differentiation of adventitious buds, culturing at the temperature of 26 ℃ for 12 hours every day, and culturing for 6 weeks to obtain seedlings;

(2) preparation of an incubator and seedling cultivation: prepare a box, place a plurality of cultivation basins in the box, then the box upside is provided with the case lid, is provided with atomizer on the case lid, and atomizer's quantity is the same with the cultivation basin quantity in the box to atomizer is respectively just facing to corresponding cultivation basin, then places the sweet potato seedling in cultivating the basin, cultivates, and atomizer sprays the nutrient solution atomizing to the seedling in cultivating the basin on, its nutrient solution composition as follows: 945 mg/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 506 mg/L of potassium nitrate, 80 mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 136 mg/L of monopotassium phosphate and 493 mg/L of magnesium phosphate, wherein the box body is made of glass and is convenient to observe;

(3) growing seedlings in a hotbed: arranging a heat conducting plate at the bottom of the incubator in the step (2), placing the incubator on an electric heating hotbed, carrying out primary seedling culture in January, respectively burning once in the morning and evening for 20min each time, wherein the bed soil temperature reaches 25 ℃, covering the incubator body with a heat insulating film after the burning is finished, ensuring that the bed temperature is kept by waste heat and solar energy, watering once every other day, ensuring that the humidity is 75%, then selecting to carry out secondary seedling culture in February, ensuring that the temperature is 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is 75% in the process, carrying out tertiary seedling culture in March, and controlling the temperature and humidity conditions to be the same as that of the primary secondary seedling culture;

(4) cutting seedlings: cutting the cultivated sweet potato seedlings, wherein 5 leaves must be left each time, and 2 leaves must be left each time from the second cutting so as to promote the branches to sprout, so that the seedling picking amount cannot be reduced if the branches are more, 5 leaves must be cut for vine tip seedlings, and 3 leaves must be cut for seedlings below the vine tips;

(5) and (3) rapid seed reproduction: after the steps (3) and (4), the spring seedlings are guaranteed to be planted in the months of 4 to 5, the summer seedlings are guaranteed to be planted in the months of 6, the autumn seedlings are planted in the months of 7, and the field is cultivated in a row-high ridge double-row mode, so that the edge row advantages are fully exerted, the yield of a single plant is improved, sufficient fertilizer is applied, and the fertilizer components are as follows: the method comprises the steps of weeding at regular time, applying root tuber expanding fertilizer once after a crack appears on the land, applying 75 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer solution with the concentration of 0.5% to the leaf surface 50 days before harvesting, and spraying for 2 times once every 10 days.

Example 2

The embodiment provides a rapid propagation method of sweet potato seedlings, which comprises the following specific steps:

(1) inducing germination and seedling growth: selecting normal dormant sweet potato seeds, disinfecting the sweet potato seeds for 11.5 minutes by using 0.1 percent L of mercury, washing the sweet potato seeds with sterile water for 5 times, inoculating the disinfected seeds into a prepared germination culture medium, wherein the culture medium contains 4000 milligrams per liter of agar and 15000 milligrams per liter of sugar, peeling stem tips with leaf primordium under a stereoscopic dissection mirror, inoculating the stem tips to an induction culture medium added with 0.15 milligrams per liter of NAA and 1.5 milligrams per liter of BA, inducing differentiation of adventitious buds, illuminating the culture condition for 13 hours every day, culturing at the culture temperature of 27 ℃, and culturing for 6 weeks to obtain seedlings;

(2) preparation of an incubator and seedling cultivation: prepare a box, place a plurality of cultivation basins in the box, then the box upside is provided with the case lid, is provided with atomizer on the case lid, and atomizer's quantity is the same with the cultivation basin quantity in the box to atomizer is respectively just facing to corresponding cultivation basin, then places the sweet potato seedling in cultivating the basin, cultivates, and atomizer sprays the nutrient solution atomizing to the seedling in cultivating the basin on, its nutrient solution composition as follows: 945 mg/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 506 mg/L of potassium nitrate, 80 mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 136 mg/L of monopotassium phosphate and 493 mg/L of magnesium phosphate, wherein the box body is made of glass and is convenient to observe;

(3) growing seedlings in a hotbed: arranging a heat conducting plate at the bottom of the incubator in the step (2), placing the incubator on an electric heating hotbed, carrying out primary seedling culture in January, carrying out firing once in the morning and evening for 20min each time, controlling the bed soil temperature to reach 28.5 ℃, covering the incubator body with a heat-insulating film after firing is finished, ensuring that the bed temperature is kept by waste heat and solar energy, watering once every other day, ensuring that the humidity is 78%, then selecting to carry out secondary seedling culture in February, ensuring that the temperature is 28.5 ℃ and the relative humidity is 78% in the process, carrying out tertiary seedling culture in February, and controlling the temperature and humidity conditions to be the same as that of primary secondary seedling culture;

(4) cutting seedlings: cutting the cultivated sweet potato seedlings, wherein 5 leaves are required to be left each time, and 3 leaves are required to be left each time from the second cutting so as to promote the branches to sprout, so that the seedling picking amount is not reduced when the branches are more, 5 leaves are required to be cut for vine tip seedlings, and 3 leaves are required to be cut for seedlings below the vine tips;

(5) and (3) rapid seed reproduction: after the steps (3) and (4), the spring seedlings are guaranteed to be planted in the months of 4 to 5, the summer seedlings are guaranteed to be planted in the months of 6, the autumn seedlings are planted in the months of 7, and the field is cultivated in a row-high ridge double-row mode, so that the edge row advantages are fully exerted, the yield of a single plant is improved, sufficient fertilizer is applied, and the fertilizer components are as follows: the method comprises the steps of weeding at regular time, applying root tuber expanding fertilizer once after a crack appears on the land, applying foliar fertilizer with 87 kg of 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer solution 50 days before harvesting, and spraying for 3 times once every 13 days, wherein the foliar fertilizer is prepared from 15 kg of urea, 20 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 15 kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer and 50 kg of rapeseed cake.

Example 3

The embodiment provides a rapid propagation method of sweet potato seedlings, which comprises the following specific steps:

(1) inducing germination and seedling growth: selecting normal dormant sweet potato seeds, sterilizing the sweet potato seeds for 15 minutes by using 0.1 percent L of mercury, washing the sweet potato seeds with sterile water for 6 times, inoculating the sterilized seeds into a prepared germination culture medium, wherein the culture medium contains 5000 mg/L of agar and 20000 mg/L of sugar, peeling stem tips with leaf primordium under a stereoscopic dissection mirror, inoculating the stem tips to an induction culture medium added with 0.2 mg/L of NAA and 2 mg/L of BA, inducing differentiation of adventitious buds, illuminating the culture condition for 14 hours every day, and culturing at the temperature of 28 ℃ for 6 weeks to obtain seedlings;

(2) preparation of an incubator and seedling cultivation: prepare a box, place a plurality of cultivation basins in the box, then the box upside is provided with the case lid, is provided with atomizer on the case lid, and atomizer's quantity is the same with the cultivation basin quantity in the box to atomizer is respectively just facing to corresponding cultivation basin, then places the sweet potato seedling in cultivating the basin, cultivates, and atomizer sprays the nutrient solution atomizing to the seedling in cultivating the basin on, its nutrient solution composition as follows: 945 mg/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 506 mg/L of potassium nitrate, 80 mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 136 mg/L of monopotassium phosphate and 493 mg/L of magnesium phosphate, wherein the box body is made of glass and is convenient to observe;

(3) growing seedlings in a hotbed: arranging a heat conducting plate at the bottom of the incubator in the step (2), placing the incubator on an electric heating hotbed, carrying out primary seedling culture in January, respectively burning once in the morning and evening for 20min each time, wherein the bed soil temperature reaches 32 ℃, covering the incubator body with a heat insulating film after the burning is finished, ensuring that the bed temperature is kept by waste heat and solar energy, watering once every other day, ensuring the humidity to be 81%, and then selecting to carry out secondary seedling culture in February, wherein the temperature is ensured to be 32 ℃ and the relative humidity is 81%, carrying out tertiary seedling culture in March, and controlling the temperature and humidity conditions to be the same as that of the primary secondary seedling culture;

(4) cutting seedlings: cutting the cultivated sweet potato seedlings, wherein 5 leaves must be left each time, and 4 leaves must be left each time from the second cutting so as to promote the branches to sprout, so that the seedling picking amount cannot be reduced if the branches are more, 5 leaves must be cut for vine tip seedlings, and 3 leaves must be cut for seedlings below the vine tips;

(5) and (3) rapid seed reproduction: after the steps (3) and (4), the spring seedlings are guaranteed to be planted in the months of 4 to 5, the summer seedlings are guaranteed to be planted in the months of 6, the autumn seedlings are planted in the months of 7, and the field is cultivated in a row-high ridge double-row mode, so that the edge row advantages are fully exerted, the yield of a single plant is improved, sufficient fertilizer is applied, and the fertilizer components are as follows: the method comprises the steps of weeding at regular time, applying root tuber expanding fertilizer once after a crack appears on the land, applying 100 kg of 0.5% monopotassium phosphate fertilizer solution to the leaf surface 50 days before harvesting, and spraying for 4 times once every 15 days.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present patent have been described in detail, the present patent is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present patent within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

Claims (2)

1. A rapid propagation method of sweet potato seedlings is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

(1) inducing germination and seedling growth: firstly, selecting normal dormant sweet potato seeds, then disinfecting the sweet potato seeds for 8-15 minutes by using 0.1% L of mercury, washing the sweet potato seeds with sterile water for 4-6 times, inoculating the disinfected seeds into a prepared germination culture medium, wherein the culture medium contains 3000 mg of agar per liter and 10000 mg of sugar per liter, stripping the stem tips with leaf primordium under a stereoscopic dissection mirror, inoculating the stem tips into an induction culture medium added with 0.1-0.2 mg of NAA per liter and 1-2 mg of BA per liter, inducing differentiation of adventitious buds, culturing for 12-14 hours per day under the condition of illumination at the temperature of 26-28 ℃, and culturing for 6 weeks to obtain seedlings;

(2) preparation of an incubator and seedling cultivation: preparing a box body, placing a plurality of culture pots in the box body, arranging a box cover on the upper side of the box body, arranging spraying devices on the box cover, wherein the number of the spraying devices is the same as that of the culture pots in the box body, the spraying devices respectively face the corresponding culture pots, then placing sweet potato seedlings in the culture pots for culture, and spraying nutrient solution to the seedlings in the culture pots in a atomized manner by the spraying devices; the box body is made of glass;

the nutrient solution comprises the following components: 945 mg per liter calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 506 mg per liter potassium nitrate, 80 mg per liter ammonium nitrate, 136 mg per liter monopotassium phosphate and 493 mg per liter magnesium phosphate;

(3) growing seedlings in a hotbed: arranging a heat conducting plate at the bottom of the incubator in the step (2), placing the incubator on an electric heating hotbed, selecting to carry out primary seedling raising in January, carrying out firing once in the morning and evening and 20min each time, wherein the temperature of bed soil reaches 25-32 ℃, after firing is finished, covering the incubator body with a heat insulating film to ensure waste heat, keeping the bed temperature through the waste heat and solar energy, watering once every other day to ensure that the humidity is 75-81%, then selecting to carry out secondary seedling raising in February, ensuring that the temperature is 25-32 ℃ and the relative humidity is 75-81% in the process, carrying out tertiary seedling raising in February, and controlling the temperature and humidity conditions to be the same as that of primary secondary seedling raising;

(4) cutting seedlings: cutting the cultivated sweet potato seedlings, wherein 5 leaves are required to be left each time, and 2-4 leaves are required to be left each time from the second cutting;

the sprouting of the branches is promoted, so that the seedling collection amount is not reduced when the branches are more, 5 leaves must be cut from vine tip seedlings, and 3 leaves must be cut from seedlings below the vine tips;

(5) and (3) rapid seed reproduction: after the steps (3) and (4), the spring seedlings are guaranteed to be planted in the months of 4 to 5, the summer seedlings are guaranteed to be planted in the months of 6, the autumn seedlings are planted in the months of 7, and the field is cultivated in a row-high ridge double-row mode, so that the edge row advantages are fully exerted, the yield of a single plant is improved, sufficient fertilizer is applied, and the fertilizer components are as follows: the weeding composition is prepared by weeding at regular time by using 15 kg of urea, 20 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 15 kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer and 50 kg of rape seed cake, applying 75 to 100 kg of 0.5 percent monopotassium phosphate fertilizer solution to foliage for 50 days before harvesting, and spraying for 2-4 times every 10 to 15 days.

2. The method for rapidly propagating the sweet potato seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the root tuber expanding fertilizer is applied once after the ground cracks in the seed propagation process of the step (5).