CN114711113A - Tobacco seedling growing method by secondary filling of matrix - Google Patents
Tobacco seedling growing method by secondary filling of matrix Download PDFInfo
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- CN114711113A CN114711113A CN202210346807.5A CN202210346807A CN114711113A CN 114711113 A CN114711113 A CN 114711113A CN 202210346807 A CN202210346807 A CN 202210346807A CN 114711113 A CN114711113 A CN 114711113A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a tobacco seedling method for secondary filling of a matrix, which comprises the following steps: s1, filling a matrix for the first time: filling the seedling culture holes of the hole seedling culture tray with a matrix for the first time to the depth of the holes of 1/2-2/3, then sowing, and carrying out the first seedling culture; s2, filling a matrix for the second time: and (3) when the tobacco seedling growing point is high, leaf cutting is carried out, secondary filling of the substrate is carried out after leaf cutting, the seedling growing holes are filled, and secondary seedling growing is carried out. The tobacco seedling culture method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the water content of the substrate is high, the coated seeds are easy to crack and germinate, the seeds are not easy to fall off, the survival rate of tobacco seedlings is high, and the incidence rate of green algae is reduced; the growth vigor and growth phase of the cultivated tobacco seedlings are obviously improved, the stress resistance is improved, and the seedling returning period is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tobacco planting, in particular to a tobacco seedling growing method for filling a matrix for the second time.
Background
Tobacco seedlings are the foundation of tobacco field production, and seedling culture is an important link of flue-cured tobacco production. Since the tobacco cultivation, the tobacco seedling culture technology is greatly improved from the traditional seedling culture to the temporary planting seedling culture by using the common nutrient blocks, nutrient bowls and nutrient bags at present.
The tobacco seedlings have developed roots, so that the nutrition absorption of the roots after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted is facilitated, the early growth and quick growth of tobacco plants are effectively promoted, the order is saved in advance, the yield is increased, the nutrient absorption speed and the nutrient absorption speed can be improved, the plant height, the stem circumference and the leaf area of the tobacco plants are increased, the field growth vigor has obvious advantages, and effective light and heat conditions are obtained for the growth and development of the tobacco plants in the middle and later periods of a field. The higher the germination rate of the seeds is, the higher economic benefit can be obtained at lower cost, and therefore, the tobacco cultivation efficiency is improved. Therefore, it is an important means to improve the production efficiency of tobacco by trying to improve the germination rate of seeds and to cultivate strong seedlings with developed root systems.
In addition, because the growth environment required by the algae is similar to that of the flue-cured tobacco seedlings, the algae can be easily bred under the conditions of proper temperature, nutrition, illumination and humidity. During the tobacco seedling raising period, the moist ground surface and the substrate surface in the greenhouse are proper in temperature and humidity, and good conditions are created for the breeding of algae. The harm of the algae to the tobacco seedlings is killing a killer which threatens the growth of the tobacco seedlings in the seedling stage of the flue-cured tobacco after diseases, insects and weeds. Therefore, the method reduces the algae occurrence rate in tobacco seedling raising and is very important for tobacco seedling raising.
Therefore, it is required to develop a tobacco seedling growing method with a high germination rate and a low algal plant incidence rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tobacco seedling method for secondary filling of a matrix, which can improve the germination rate of tobacco seedlings, reduce the incidence rate of green algae, obviously improve the average plant height, the root number, the length and the width of leaves and the number of leaves of the tobacco seedlings, improve the stress resistance, shorten the seedling returning period and improve the economic benefit of the tobacco seedling.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a tobacco seedling raising method by secondary filling of a matrix comprises the following steps:
s1, filling a matrix for the first time: filling the seedling culture holes of the hole seedling culture tray with a matrix for the first time to the depth of the holes of 1/2-2/3, then sowing, and carrying out the first seedling culture;
s2, filling a matrix for the second time: and (3) when the tobacco seedling growing point is high, leaf cutting is carried out, secondary filling of the substrate is carried out after leaf cutting, the seedling growing holes are filled, and secondary seedling growing is carried out.
In the tobacco seedling raising method, the substrate with the filling hole depth of 1/2-2/3 is filled with the substrate for the first time, the water content is high, and the coated seeds are easy to crack and germinate. After the substrate is filled in the seedling holes, the seedling holes have a certain depth, so that the seeds are not easy to fall off. The green algae can be prevented and treated through secondary matrix filling; after the tobacco seedlings germinate, the growth points are higher than the disc surface, namely, half leaves are cut off, secondary matrix filling is carried out after leaf cutting, the original naked stems are buried by the matrix, the growth of the lateral roots can be promoted, and the growth vigor and growth phase of the tobacco seedlings are obviously improved. By the tobacco seedling culture method, the survival rate of tobacco seedlings is high, the germination rate is high, the root systems of the tobacco seedlings are developed, deep planting and early and quick growth are facilitated, the stress resistance is improved, the seedling returning period is shortened, and the economic benefit of tobacco seedling culture is improved.
Further, the first-time filled matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55-60% of turf, 20-25% of fermented chaff and 20-25% of expanded perlite.
Preferably, the first-time filled matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of turf, 20% of fermented chaff and 20% of expanded perlite.
Further, the second-time filled matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55-60% of turf, 20-25% of fermented chaff and 20-25% of expanded perlite.
Preferably, the second-filled matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of turf, 20% of fermented chaff and 20% of expanded perlite.
In the invention, the filled substrate plays a role in fixing the root system of the tobacco seedling, absorbing nutrient solution, providing a proper rhizosphere growth environment and supporting the growth of the tobacco seedling. The matrix of the first and second filling may be the same or different.
The turf has good water absorption, light specific gravity, comprehensive nutrient elements and high organic matter and humic acid content, and is one of the main raw materials in the formula of the wet seedling raising and floating seedling raising substrate; the fermented chaff is beneficial to seed germination; the expanded perlite has a honeycomb structure, and can increase the air permeability and water holding capacity of the matrix, so that the matrix is fluffy.
Preferably, in step s1, the seeding method is: 1-2 coated seeds are sowed in each seedling hole, and the depth is 0.2-0.3 cm; spraying water on the surface, and putting the hole seedling tray into a seedling pool.
Preferably, in the step S2, the substrate is filled for the second time after 2 to 4 days after the leaf cutting.
Preferably, in step s2, the leaf cutting means removing leaves with no more than half area of tobacco.
More preferably, in step s2, the leaf cutting means that half of the area of the tobacco leaves are removed.
Preferably, the conditions for the first seedling raising are as follows: the minimum daily temperature is 7.5-12 ℃, the maximum daily temperature is 28-32 ℃, and the relative humidity is 70-80%.
Preferably, the conditions for the second seedling raising are as follows: the minimum daily temperature is 7.5-12 ℃, the maximum daily temperature is 28-32 ℃, the relative humidity is 70-80%, and the seedlings are grown for 12-17 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the tobacco seedling raising method, the substrate with the filling hole depth of 1/2-2/3 is filled with the substrate for the first time, the water content is high, and the coated seeds are easy to crack and germinate and are not easy to drop. After the tobacco seedlings germinate, the growth points are higher than the disc surfaces, namely, half of leaves are cut off, secondary matrix filling is carried out after the leaves are cut off, and the original naked stems are buried by the matrix, so that green algae can be effectively prevented, the root system growth of the tobacco seedlings is promoted, and the growth vigor and growth phase of the tobacco seedlings are obviously improved.
By the tobacco seedling culture method, the water content of the matrix is high, the coated seeds are easy to crack and germinate, the seeds are not easy to drop, the germination rate of tobacco seedlings is high, and green algae can be effectively prevented and treated. The growth vigor and the growth phase of the cultivated tobacco seedlings are obviously improved, the stress resistance is improved, and the seedling returning period is shortened.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments. The starting materials in the examples and comparative examples are either commercially available or can be prepared by known methods. In the present specification, "part" and "%" represent "part by mass" and "% by mass", respectively, unless otherwise specified.
In the invention, the turf is purchased from Tianliang agriculture technology development Limited company in Hunan province;
fermenting chaff purchased from Tianliang agricultural technology development Co., Ltd, Hunan province;
the expanded perlite is purchased from Tianliang agriculture technology development Co., Ltd, Hunan province.
Example 1
A tobacco seedling raising method by secondary filling of a matrix comprises the following steps:
s1, filling a matrix for the first time: filling the substrate to the seedling holes of the hole seedling tray for the first time to the height of the hole depth 1/2, and then sowing and raising seedlings for the first time;
the matrix for the first filling comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of turf, 20% of fermented chaff and 20% of expanded perlite;
the sowing method comprises the following steps: 1-2 coated seeds are sowed in each seedling hole, and the depth is 0.2-0.3 cm; spraying water on the surface, and putting the hole seedling tray into a seedling pool;
the conditions for the first seedling raising are as follows: the daily minimum temperature is 10 ℃, the daily maximum temperature is 30 ℃, and the relative humidity is 75%;
s2, filling a matrix for the second time: when the growing point of the tobacco seedlings is high, removing half leaves of the tobacco, filling the substrate for the second time after 3 days of leaf cutting, and filling the seedling holes; carrying out secondary seedling culture;
the matrix for the second filling comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of turf, 20% of fermented chaff and 20% of expanded perlite;
the conditions of the second seedling raising are as follows: the lowest daily temperature is 10 ℃, the highest daily temperature is 30 ℃, the relative humidity is 75%, and the seedlings are grown for 15 days.
Example 2
A tobacco seedling raising method adopting secondary filling of a matrix is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that:
the matrix for the first filling comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55% of turf, 25% of fermented chaff and 20% of expanded perlite;
the matrix for the second filling comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55% of turf, 25% of fermented chaff and 20% of expanded perlite.
Example 3
A tobacco seedling raising method adopting secondary filling of a matrix is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that:
the matrix for the first filling comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 57% of turf, 20% of fermented chaff and 23% of expanded perlite;
the matrix for the second filling comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 57% of turf, 20% of fermented chaff and 23% of expanded perlite.
Example 4
A tobacco seedling raising method adopting secondary filling of a matrix is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that:
in step s1, the matrix is filled to the height of the hole depth 2/3 for the first time.
Example 5
A tobacco seedling raising method adopting secondary filling of a matrix is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that:
in step S1, the matrix is filled for the first time to the height of the hole depth 3/5.
Example 6
A tobacco seedling raising method adopting secondary filling of a matrix is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that:
the conditions for the first seedling raising are as follows: the daily minimum temperature is 12 ℃, the daily maximum temperature is 30 ℃, and the relative humidity is 70%;
the conditions of the second seedling raising are as follows: the lowest daily temperature is 12 ℃, the highest daily temperature is 30 ℃, the relative humidity is 70%, and the seedlings are grown for 12 days;
in step S2, the substrate is filled for the second time after the 2 nd day of leaf cutting.
Example 7
A tobacco seedling raising method adopting secondary filling of a matrix is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that:
the conditions for the first seedling raising are as follows: the daily minimum temperature is 7.5 ℃, the daily maximum temperature is 28 ℃, and the relative humidity is 80%;
the conditions of the second seedling raising are as follows: the minimum daily temperature is 7.5 ℃, the maximum daily temperature is 28 ℃, the relative humidity is 80%, and the seedlings are grown for 17 days.
In step S2, the substrate is filled for the second time after the 4 th day of leaf cutting.
Example 8
A tobacco seedling raising method adopting secondary filling of a matrix is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that:
in step S2, the substrate is filled for the second time after the 5 th day of leaf cutting.
Comparative example 1
A tobacco seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
filling a substrate in the seedling holes of the hole seedling tray, directly filling the seedling holes, and then sowing; the filled matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of turf, 20% of fermented chaff and 20% of expanded perlite.
When the growing point of the tobacco seedling is high, the surface of the hole seedling tray is drilled, and half of the leaves of the tobacco are removed.
The difference from example 1 is that: the substrate is filled only once, and the seedling holes are directly filled.
Comparative example 2
A tobacco seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
filling the substrate into the seedling holes of the hole seedling tray to the height of the hole depth 1/2, and then sowing; the filled matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of turf, 20% of fermented chaff and 20% of expanded perlite.
When the growing point of the tobacco seedling is high, the surface of the hole seedling tray is drilled, and half of the leaves of the tobacco are removed.
The difference from example 1 is that: the substrate filling is carried out only once, and only the seeding holes with the depth of 1/2 are filled.
Comparative example 3
A tobacco seedling raising method adopting secondary filling of a matrix is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that:
in step S1, the matrix is filled for the first time to the height of the hole depth 1/3.
Performance test
After seedling raising, randomly extracting 50 tobacco seedlings in each of the examples and the comparative examples, and counting the average plant height, the number of leaves, the length of the leaves, the width of the leaves and the number of roots;
after seedling raising, randomly extracting 50 seedling raising holes in each of the examples and the comparative examples, and counting the germination rate and the green alga occurrence rate;
the germination rate is the percentage of the germination number of the test seeds in the total test seeds;
the green algae occurrence rate is the percentage of the number of green algae in the seedling holes in the total test seedling holes.
The test results are shown in the following table:
after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, respectively randomly drawing 50 tobacco seedlings in each of the examples and the comparative examples, and counting the average seedling return period, wherein the comparison results are shown in the following table:
| content of measurement | Seedling stage (d) |
| Example 1 | 4.0 |
| Example 2 | 4.5 |
| Example 3 | 4.2 |
| Example 4 | 4.0 |
| Example 5 | 4.1 |
| Example 6 | 4.0 |
| Example 7 | 4.0 |
| Example 8 | 4.5 |
| Comparative example 1 | 5.6 |
| Comparative example 2 | 6.0 |
| Comparative example 3 | 5.0 |
According to the test results, it can be seen that according to the tobacco seedling raising method of the embodiments of the present application, the germination rate of tobacco seedlings is 100%, the green algae occurrence rate is less than or equal to 12%, the plant height of the tobacco seedlings is higher, the number of leaves is more overall, the leaves are larger, and the number of the leaves is more.
According to the test result of the seedling returning period, according to the tobacco seedling raising method of each embodiment, the average seedling returning period is 4.0-4.5 days, the seedling returning period is short, and the economic benefit of tobacco seedling raising is improved.
In comparative example 1, the filling of the matrix was performed only once to directly fill the seedling holes. In comparative example 2, the substrate was filled only once and only to 1/2-deep seedling holes were filled. It can be seen that, regardless of the filling height, in the case of filling the matrix only once, the number of tobacco seedlings is too small and the seedling stage is long. In the case of only one-time filling, the matrix is too compact, the matrix contains much water, the green alga incidence is too high, and the germination rate is further reduced.
In comparative example 3, the depth of the first filling matrix was too low, the tobacco seedlings could not grow well in the first seedling raising, the number of the tobacco seedlings cultured was small, and the length and width of the leaf were all significantly lower than those of the examples.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A tobacco seedling raising method by filling a matrix for the second time is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, filling a matrix for the first time: filling the seedling culture holes of the hole seedling culture tray with a matrix for the first time to the depth of the holes of 1/2-2/3, then sowing, and carrying out the first seedling culture;
s2, filling a matrix for the second time: and (3) when the tobacco seedling growing point is high, leaf cutting is carried out, secondary filling of the substrate is carried out after leaf cutting, the seedling growing holes are filled, and secondary seedling growing is carried out.
2. A tobacco seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first-time filled substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55-60% of turf, 20-25% of fermented chaff and 20-25% of expanded perlite.
3. A tobacco seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that the second filling substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55-60% of turf, 20-25% of fermented chaff and 20-25% of expanded perlite.
4. A tobacco seedling method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the first-time filled substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of turf, 20% of fermented chaff and 20% of expanded perlite; and the matrix filled for the second time comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of turf, 20% of fermented chaff and 20% of expanded perlite.
5. A tobacco seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the substrate is filled for the second time after 2-4 days after leaf cutting.
6. A tobacco seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in step s2, the leaf cutting is to remove leaves with an area not more than half of the tobacco.
7. A tobacco seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in step s1, the sowing method is: 1-2 coated seeds are sowed in each seedling hole, and the depth is 0.2-0.3 cm; spraying water on the surface, and putting the hole seedling tray into a seedling pool.
8. A tobacco seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that the conditions for the first seedling raising are as follows: the minimum daily temperature is 7.5-12 ℃, the maximum daily temperature is 28-32 ℃, and the relative humidity is 70-80%.
9. A tobacco seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that the conditions of the second seedling raising are as follows: the minimum daily temperature is 7.5-12 ℃, the maximum daily temperature is 28-32 ℃, the relative humidity is 70-80%, and the seedlings are grown for 12-17 days.
10. A tobacco seedling raising method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the conditions for the first seedling raising are: the lowest daily temperature is 10 ℃, the highest daily temperature is 30 ℃, and the relative humidity is 75%; the conditions of the second seedling raising are as follows: the minimum daily temperature is 10 ℃, the maximum daily temperature is 30 ℃, the relative humidity is 75%, and the seedlings are grown for 15 days.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116918668A (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2023-10-24 | 湖南省烟草公司邵阳市公司 | Efficient transplanting method for flue-cured tobacco |
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