CN113213996A - Root promoting agent for promoting growth of cigar root system and preparation and use methods thereof - Google Patents
Root promoting agent for promoting growth of cigar root system and preparation and use methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113213996A CN113213996A CN202110333364.1A CN202110333364A CN113213996A CN 113213996 A CN113213996 A CN 113213996A CN 202110333364 A CN202110333364 A CN 202110333364A CN 113213996 A CN113213996 A CN 113213996A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention provides a root promoting agent for promoting the development of a cigar root system, which consists of a conditioner and a synergist, wherein the conditioner consists of 10-15 parts of a tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer, 10-20 parts of a carbon-based fertilizer, 5-10 parts of a cake fertilizer, 7-10 parts of potassium fulvate and 3-5 parts of a silicon fertilizer, and the synergist consists of 15-20 parts of humic acid, 3-5 parts of a special tobacco fertilizer and 2-3 parts of zinc sulfate. The invention also provides a preparation method and a use method of the root growth promoting agent, the root growth promoting agent and the accompanying soil are used for surrounding roots when tobacco seedlings are transplanted, and the synergist aqueous solution is respectively used for hole irrigation on tobacco plants after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 7-10 days and 30-35 days. The root growth promoter is rich in various nutrient elements required by tobacco growth, can promote the growth and development of the root system of the cigar, can increase the soil organic matter of the rhizosphere microenvironment, increase the soil porosity, improve the transplanting survival rate of tobacco plants, and can reduce the labor for supplementing seedlings, thereby relieving the labor problem during transplanting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cigar planting, and particularly relates to a root growth promoter for promoting the root growth of cigar, a preparation method and a use method thereof.
Background
Tobacco is one of important economic crops in China, a planting area is mainly located in remote areas of the old, the young and the like, and long-term continuous cropping and other phenomena exist in the planting process, so that tobacco planting soil is hardened and the like, so that the root system of a plant grows slowly, tobacco plants grow slowly and the like after tobacco seedlings are transplanted. Cigars are one of important tobacco products except flue-cured tobaccos, but the domestic cigar brand is mainly in the low-end market, a small number of cigar coats, cigar sleeves and cigar cores of middle-high-end cigars basically depend on import, so that the key technical bottleneck of development and application of the domestic cigar tobacco leaves is broken through, the industrial chain of development and application of the domestic cigar tobacco leaves is opened, and partial substitution of imported raw materials is realized. Therefore, after the cigar is transplanted, the promotion of the root system development of the plant is one of the key technologies for realizing the yield and the quality of the cigar.
Patent CN109042208B discloses a cultivation method for promoting the root development of flue-cured tobacco in the early growth stage, which comprises the steps of land preparation, fertilization, ridging, film covering and transplanting, and the cultivation method accelerates the early and rapid growth of the root system of a tobacco plant in the root extending stage and promotes the coordination between the root system growth and the tobacco plant growth. The method mainly focuses on the implementation standard of each link, and no special root growth promoter is used for promoting the root system development of tobacco plants. CN102630400A discloses a method for promoting the root development of tobacco seedlings, which provides a set of optimal phosphorus nutrient concentration and corresponding culture mode capable of obviously promoting the root development of tobacco seedlings in the early stage (within 30 days) and the later stage (from 31 days to before transplantation). The tobacco seeds are treated by 0.02mmol/L phosphorus (P) in the early stage (before 30 days) to be most beneficial to the growth of the root hairs of the tobacco seedlings in the early stage, the tobacco seedlings are suitable to be cultured in Hoagland complete nutrient solution in the later stage (after 30 days to before transplantation), and the stress concentration of 0.1mmol/L phosphorus (P) is most beneficial to the growth of the root systems of the tobacco seedlings. The method mainly focuses on promoting root growth in a seedling raising stage and is not applied to field production. The soil environments of different tobacco planting areas are different, the nutrient solution capable of promoting root growth in the seedling tray can not necessarily achieve the same technical effect as that in the seedling tray in different soil environments.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to enable tobacco seedlings to have developed root systems in different soil environments, improve the stress resistance of cigar, improve the transplanting survival rate of tobacco plants, reduce artificial seedling supplement and produce better cigars, the invention provides a root growth promoter for promoting the development of the root systems of cigars, wherein the root growth promoter comprises a conditioner and a synergist which are used separately; the conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the synergist comprises the following components in parts by weight:
15-20 parts of humic acid,
3-5 parts of a special tobacco fertilizer,
2-3 parts of zinc sulfate;
preferably, the tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer meets the following requirements: the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.0 multiplied by 107cfu/g, the mass ratio of organic matters to the dry basis of the tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 40.0%, the total mass of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide to the dry basis of the tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 5.0%, the water content is less than or equal to 30.0%, the number of faecal coliform groups is less than or equal to 100/g, the death rate of ascarid eggs is more than or equal to 95%, and the pH value is 5.5-8.5.
Preferably, the carbon-based fertilizer is obtained by carbonizing corn straws at 650-750 ℃ for at least 1h in an anaerobic environment and then crushing, and the particle size of the carbon-based fertilizer is 1-3 mm.
Preferably, the cake fertilizer is one or a mixture of more of rapeseed cake, peanut cake and sesame cake.
Preferably, SiO in the silicon fertilizer2The content is more than 20 percent.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the root promoting agent for promoting the development of the root system of the cigar, wherein the conditioning agent is treated according to the following method before use: fully mixing all the components of the conditioner, adding water accounting for 10-15% of the total mass of the conditioner, curing at 25-30 ℃ for 48-72 hours, and finally drying, wherein the water content of the conditioner is controlled to be below 10%; the synergist is prepared into an aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.1-2% before use.
The application method of the root growth promoter for promoting the root growth of the cigar comprises the following steps:
s1, transplanting the cigar seedlings and applying a conditioner
S1-1, fertilizing and ridging: preparing soil 25-30 days before transplanting, and applying fertilizer in a strip application mode according to the row spacing of 1.2m, wherein the fertilizer application depth is based on ensuring that a fertilizer layer is below a tobacco hole; ridging, wherein the height of a ridge body is 25-30 cm, the width of the bottom of the ridge body is 1.1-1.2 m, and the width of the top of the ridge body is 55-60 cm; covering a mulching film on the ridge body;
s1-2, transplanting tobacco seedlings: transplanting the young strong seedlings cultured by floating seedling culture, wherein the young strong seedlings have 4-6 true leaves, are strong and disease-free, and can be pulled out of a seedling culture disc together with a nutrient medium at the root of the seedlings during seedling lifting; planting according to the plant spacing of 0.55m, and transplanting the seedlings with the depth of 10-15 cm; watering is carried out when transplanting is carried out, 1.0-1.5 kg of water is watered to each hole, and tobacco seedlings are vertically planted into the holes before water is not completely infiltrated into the soil; the distance between the highest leaf tip of the tobacco seedling in a natural state after transplanting and the mulching film at the top of the ridge is 15-20 cm;
s1-3, applying a conditioner: the dosage of the conditioner is 525-1050 kg/hm2(ii) a After the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, uniformly mixing 35-70 g of conditioner and prepared partner soil for each tobacco seedling, and then enclosing the roots; when the roots are surrounded, the tobacco seedling leaves are held together by hands, so that the tobacco seedling core leaves are clamped by the leaves, the thickness of the surrounding roots is 3-5 cm based on the fact that the core leaves are flush with the soil surface at the bottom of the tobacco hole, and then pesticides for preventing and controlling underground pests are applied immediately;
s2, application of synergist
After the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 7-10 days, hole irrigation is carried out by using a water solution of a synergist at 0.5-0.75 kg/plant, and the dosage of the synergist is 300-600 kg/hm2(ii) a After the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 30-35 days, hole irrigation is carried out by using a water solution of a synergist at 0.5-0.75 kg/plant, and the dosage of the synergist is 450-600 kg/hm2。
In the step S1-2, the transplanting period can refer to the local conventional transplanting period of cigar planting, and can be 5-10 days earlier than the local conventional transplanting period in a low-altitude tobacco area or an area with a frost-free period and short frost period, so that the low temperature is avoided in the later period of the field, and the tobacco leaves are fully mature. The processes of fertilizing, ridging, mulching, transplanting and the like in step S1 may be performed simultaneously or step by step depending on the labor, but it is necessary to ensure that the whole operation of step S1 is completed in the same area within one day.
The conditioner has the main functions of providing a comfortable environment for the root system of the transplanted cigar plant, increasing the porosity of rhizosphere soil, providing nutrient substances required by the root system of the plant, increasing the stress resistance of the microenvironment of the rhizosphere and improving the transplanting survival rate. The tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer can increase the content of organic matters in soil and improve the porosity of the soil; the carbon-based fertilizer can increase the porosity of rhizosphere soil of cigar plants and promote the elongation growth of the plant roots; the cake fertilizer can provide amino acid required by the growth of plant roots and quickly promote the development of the roots; the potassium fulvate has multiple functions, can stimulate root growth, has a soil improvement effect, promotes the formation of a soil granular structure, and coordinates the water, fertilizer and gas heat conditions in soil. The silicon fertilizer can effectively prevent and control the survival and propagation of soil mould, prevent the decay and premature senility of the root system and improve the stress resistance of the root system, thereby improving the development performance of the root system.
The main functions of the synergist are to promote the elongation and growth of the root system and promote the rapid growth of the root system. Humic acid has the function of promoting the root system to absorb nutrients and stimulates the growth of crops. The fertilizer special for tobacco can provide nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients required by root growth and promote the rapid growth of the root. Zinc is an activator of various enzymes in the plant body, is a necessary nutrient element for synthesizing auxin in the plant body, can enhance the stress resistance of the plant, and participates in the formation of chlorophyll on the leaves of the overground part, thereby indirectly promoting the growth and development of the root system of the plant. The synergist is applied twice, after tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 7-10 days for the first time, the root system passes the seedling returning period, at the moment, the root system begins to grow in an extending mode, nutrients needed by the growth of the root system need to be provided, and substances for stimulating the growth of the root system are supplemented, so that the growth of the root system of a plant can be effectively promoted; after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 30-35 d for the second time, the cigar enters a vigorous growing period from the agglomeration period, the overground part needs to provide a large amount of nutrients to promote the growth of the leaves, and the synergist is applied again to promote the growth and development of the root system and improve the nutrient absorption capability of the root system in the soil.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) during transplanting, the conditioner and the prepared nutrient soil are adopted for enclosing roots, so that the microenvironment of the root system after the tobacco plants are transplanted can be improved, the porosity of the microenvironment of the root system can be increased, and nutrients required by root system growth can be provided, thereby promoting the development of the root system, enhancing the fertilizer absorption, water absorption and drought resistance of the tobacco plants, improving the transplanting survival rate, reducing the disease incidence, improving the quality of the cigar tobacco leaves and reducing the labor cost for seedling supplement;
(2) the synergist is added with water for 2 times for hole irrigation, the hole irrigation is carried out for the first time after the tobacco plants are transplanted for 7-10 days, at the moment, the tobacco plants pass the seedling stage, the root systems need to absorb soil nutrients urgently for the development of the root systems and the growth requirements of overground parts, the synergist is adopted to promote the development of the root systems of the tobacco plants, and the fertilizer absorbing, water absorbing and drought resisting capabilities of the tobacco plants are enhanced; the cigar is transplanted for 30-35 days and then added with water for application, at the moment, the cigar enters a vigorous growth period from a bulk stage, the overground part needs a root system to provide a large amount of nutrients to promote the growth of leaves on the overground part, and at the moment, the synergist is applied again to promote the growth and development of the root system and promote the nutrient absorption capability of the root system in soil;
(3) the cultivation of small strong seedlings is adopted, during fertilizing and ridging, the ridging is carried out after the strip fertilization mode is adopted according to the row spacing of 1.2m, and through the high-ridge deep planting measure, a warm space is created for the growth of tobacco seedlings, so that the root system development of tobacco plants is promoted to be enhanced.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail and fully with reference to the following examples, it is obvious that the described examples are only a part of the examples of the present invention, and not all of the examples. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or substitutions by those skilled in the art according to the following embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer used in the following examples and comparative examples was purchased from tobacco corporation, inshown; carbon-based fertilizers, cake fertilizers and special fertilizers for tobacco are purchased from Hubei Xiangqing chemical fertilizer Co Ltd; the potassium fulvate is purchased from Wugu network science and technology Limited company in Shenzhen, and the brand is 'Dafengshou'; the silicon fertilizer is purchased from Zhengzhou Guanjie chemical products GmbH; humic acid Shandongxin flood Biotech Ltd; zinc sulfate was purchased from Sichuan national Guanguang agro-chemical Co.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a root promoting agent for promoting the root system development of cigars, which comprises a conditioner and a synergist; the conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the synergist comprises the following components in parts by weight:
15 parts of humic acid, namely humic acid,
3 parts of a special fertilizer for tobacco,
2 parts of zinc sulfate;
the preparation method of the root growth promoting agent comprises the following steps:
fully and uniformly mixing the components of the conditioner according to the parts by weight, adding water accounting for 10% of the total mass of the conditioner, curing for 48 hours at 25-30 ℃, and finally drying to control the water content of the conditioner to be below 10%; the components of the synergist are fully and uniformly mixed according to the parts by weight, and water is added to prepare an aqueous solution with the synergist of 2% by mass.
The embodiment also provides a use method of the root growth promoting agent, and cigar seedlings are cultivated according to the following method before the test is started:
and (4) performing seedling raising and seeding in 20 days in 2 months, and starting to spray water in a spraying manner to ensure that the matrix of the seedling raising tray is thoroughly wetted, wherein the water is sprayed once at about 8 am every day. Emergence of seedlings in 3 months and 9 days, and after emergence of seedlings, a special tobacco-containing compound fertilizer (N: P) is adopted2O5:K2O8: 12:24) nutrient solution with the mass fraction of 0.15 percent is subjected to fertilizer supplementing and watering, the nutrient solution is sprayed once every 6 days, the water is sprayed once every 2 days, and the water is sprayed until the matrix is thoroughly poured. Stopping watering after 4 months and 15 days, namely 1 week before transplanting. 4 months and 10 days after the tobacco seedlings are grown4 leaves with 1 heart, 1 time of leaf cutting in 18 days in 4 months, and seedling lifting and transplanting in 20 days in 4 months, wherein the tobacco seedlings reach 5 leaves with 1 heart, the seedlings are 6-7 cm high, strong and disease-free, the stems are flexible, and the roots of the seedlings can be pulled out of the seedling tray together with the nutrient medium during seedling lifting.
In 2020, tests were carried out in the city of lai shi prefecture in Hubei province, Chuxue No. 10 (CX-10) was used as a test variety with a test area of 10 mu, and the root growth promoting agent of the present example was used according to the following steps:
s1, transplanting the cigar seedlings and applying a conditioner
S1-1, fertilizing and ridging: preparing soil in 26 days after 3 months, and applying fertilizer in a strip application mode according to the row spacing of 1.2m, wherein the fertilizer application depth is based on ensuring that a fertilizer layer is below a tobacco hole; ridging, wherein the height of a ridge body is 25-30 cm, the width of the bottom of the ridge body is 1.1-1.2 m, and the width of the top of the ridge body is 55-60 cm; covering a mulching film on the ridge body;
s1-2, transplanting tobacco seedlings: after 20 days after 4 months, punching holes on the central line of the top of the ridge body by using a puncher, starting transplanting tobacco seedlings, planting according to the plant spacing of 0.55m, and transplanting the tobacco seedlings with the hole depth of 10-15 cm; . Watering is carried out when transplanting is carried out, 1.0-1.5 kg of water is watered to each hole, healthy and disease-free tobacco seedlings with consistent growth vigor are selected for transplanting, and the tobacco seedlings are vertically planted into the holes before water is not completely infiltrated into the soil; the distance between the highest leaf tip of the tobacco seedling in a natural state after transplanting and the mulching film at the top of the ridge is 15-20 cm;
s1-3, applying a conditioner: uniformly mixing 35g of conditioner and 70g of prepared accompanying soil for each tobacco seedling, then enclosing the root, holding tobacco seedling leaves by hands during root enclosing, enabling the leaves to clamp tobacco seedling core leaves without burying the tobacco seedling core leaves with soil, taking the core leaves and the soil surface at the bottom of a tobacco hole as the standard, and immediately applying pesticide for preventing and controlling underground pests, wherein the thickness of the enclosed root is 3-5 cm;
s2, application of synergist
After tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 7 days in 4 months and 27 days, hole irrigation is carried out on the tobacco seedlings by using 2% synergist solution according to 0.5 kg/plant for the first time;
and after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 30 days in 5 months and 19 days, hole irrigation is carried out on the tobacco seedlings by using 2% synergist solution according to 0.5 kg/plant for the second time, and a local high-quality tobacco leaf production management method is adopted for other field management.
The local high-quality tobacco leaf production management method comprises the following steps:
A. topping and leave leaves
After the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 75-85 days, the tobacco plants in the whole field grow neatly and consistently, the nutrition is reasonable, the central flowers of 50% of the existing tobacco plants are opened, the tops can be topped at one time, leaves with the diameter of more than 15cm below the flowers must be reserved, and the number of the leaves left after topping is 18-20; the method is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps of topping tobacco plants which are thin in soil, poor in fertilizer and water conditions, short and small in plants and weak in growth vigor in the bud stage, and topping off flower buds, flower stalks and attached 2-3 flower leaves (small leaves) when the flower buds just grow 4-6 cm and can be completely separated from the tender leaves; for tobacco plants with over-high soil fertility, over-good water and fertilizer conditions and over-strong growth, capping in full-bloom stage, the method comprises the following steps: when the flowering branches occupy more than 50% of the whole field, the top of the main stem and the small leaves under the flowering branches are beaten off together, and leaves with the diameter of more than 15cm below the flowers must be reserved; when topping, uniformly adopting a cutting inclined plane, and topping in the morning on a sunny day to facilitate the wound to heal quickly; after topping, the cut flower buds and flower stalks must be removed from the field in time for treatment, so as to ensure the cleanness and sanitation of the field and reduce the spread of plant diseases and insect pests;
B. treating unsuitable tobacco leaves
Removing the lower 2-3 leaves with insufficient illumination, poor development and no baking value after topping for one week; carrying out a measure of 'leave leaves and abandon for curing' on 3-4 leaves at the top, wherein 'leave leaves' is leaves with the length of more than 15cm under flowers when topping is carried out until the leaves are harvested, and 'abandon for curing' is that the 3-4 leaves at the top are not harvested and do not enter a curing barn, and the tobacco leaves with more scabs and serious damage do not enter the curing barn; the number of the roasted leaves collected by a single plant is 13-14;
C. drainage management
The three-furrow technology is implemented for the field blocks which are flat, dam and easy to accumulate water, the ridge height reaches 35 cm, the waist furrow and the side furrow are 5-10 cm lower than the furrow, and the main drainage furrow is 15cm lower than the furrow.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a root promoting agent for promoting the root system development of cigars, which comprises a conditioner and a synergist; the conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the synergist comprises the following components in parts by weight:
20 parts of humic acid, namely, 20 parts of humic acid,
5 parts of a special fertilizer for tobacco,
3 parts of zinc sulfate;
the preparation method of the root growth promoting agent comprises the following steps:
fully and uniformly mixing the components of the conditioner according to the parts by weight, adding water accounting for 10% of the total mass of the conditioner, curing for 72 hours at 25-30 ℃, and finally drying to control the water content of the conditioner to be below 10%; the components of the synergist are fully and uniformly mixed according to the parts by weight, and water is added to prepare an aqueous solution with the synergist of 0.1% by weight.
The application method of the root growth promoter is basically the same as that of the root growth promoter in the embodiment 1, except that the test is carried out in Danjiang Kou city of Ten Weirs in 2020, CX-10 is taken as a test variety, and the test area is 5 mu; in the step S1, when tobacco seedlings are transplanted, uniformly mixing 70g of conditioner and prepared accompany soil for each tobacco seedling, and then enclosing the roots; after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 10 days in the step S2, hole irrigation is carried out on the tobacco seedlings according to 0.75 kg/plant by using 0.1% synergist solution for the first time; after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 35d, hole irrigation is carried out for the second time by using 0.1 percent synergist solution according to 0.75 kg/plant, and the local high-quality tobacco leaf production management method in the embodiment 1 is adopted for other field management.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a root promoting agent for promoting the root system development of cigars, which comprises a conditioner and a synergist; the conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the synergist comprises the following components in parts by weight:
18 parts of humic acid, namely, 18 parts of humic acid,
4 parts of a special fertilizer for tobacco,
3 parts of zinc sulfate;
the preparation method of the root growth promoting agent comprises the following steps:
fully and uniformly mixing the components of the conditioner according to the parts by weight, adding water accounting for 10% of the total mass of the conditioner, curing for 60 hours at 25-30 ℃, and finally drying to control the water content of the conditioner to be below 10%; the components of the synergist are fully and uniformly mixed according to the parts by weight, and water is added to prepare an aqueous solution with the synergist accounting for 1.5 percent by weight.
The application method of the root growth promoting agent of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that in the step S1, when the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, 50g of conditioner is used for each tobacco seedling to be uniformly mixed with the prepared soil for accompanying and grafting, and then the tobacco seedlings are subjected to root surrounding; after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 8 days in the step S2, hole irrigation is carried out on the tobacco seedlings according to 0.6 kg/plant by using 1.5% of synergist solution for the first time; after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 32d, hole irrigation is carried out for the second time by using 1.5 percent synergist solution according to 0.6 kg/plant, and the local high-quality tobacco leaf production management method in the embodiment 1 is adopted for other field management.
Comparative example 1
The comparison example prepares the conditioner according to the method of the example 1, and carries out the test according to the operation steps of the example 1, except that in the step S2, after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 7d and 30d, no synergist is used for treatment, instead, punching is adopted to add water and apply the potassium fertilizer, water is added according to the soil moisture, 10 cm deep holes are drilled at the vertical part of the longest leaf tip for additional fertilizer application, and the soil is used for sealing after the fertilizer application; the local high-quality tobacco leaf production management method of the embodiment 1 is adopted for other field management.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example an aqueous synergist solution was prepared according to the procedure of example 1 and tested according to the procedure of example 1; the difference lies in that in step S1, the operation is performed according to the local conventional transplanting method during the tobacco seedling transplanting, the common nutrient soil and a proper amount of grafting soil are used for root enclosure, and the remaining grafting soil is subjected to root enclosure after transplanting and sealing, so as to promote the early growth and fast growth of the tobacco seedling. The preparation method of the common nutrient soil comprises the following steps: weighing each component according to the proportion that each kilogram of nutrient soil contains 30% of coarse straw organic fertilizer, 0.7% of calcium superphosphate and 0.3% of special compound fertilizer for tobacco, adding the components into 1kg of soil with the particle size of less than 2mm, adding a proper amount of water, uniformly mixing, covering with a film, fully stacking, fermenting and decomposing, and standing after drenching with rain.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example is carried out according to the operation steps of example 1, except that in step S1, the operation is carried out according to the local conventional transplanting method during the tobacco seedling transplanting, common nutrient soil and a proper amount of grafting soil are used for root enclosing, and the remaining grafting soil is subjected to root enclosing after the transplanting when the opening is sealed, so as to promote the early growth and the rapid growth of the tobacco seedling; in the step S2, after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 7d and 30d, no synergist is used for treatment, punching is adopted, water is added, potassium fertilizer is applied, water is added according to soil moisture, 10 cm deep holes are drilled in the vertical position of the longest leaf tip for additional fertilization, and the holes are sealed by soil after fertilization; the local high-quality tobacco leaf production management method of the embodiment 1 is adopted for other field management. The preparation method of the common nutrient soil is the same as that of comparative example 2.
Comparative example 4
The composition and preparation method of the root growth promoting agent in the comparative example are the same as those of example 1, and the using method of step S1 is the same as that of example 1, except that the test area is 1 mu, in step S2, after 7d of tobacco seedling transplantation, hole irrigation is performed with 2% synergist aqueous solution at 0.5 kg/plant, and after 40 days of tobacco seedling transplantation, hole irrigation is performed with 2% synergist aqueous solution at 0.5 kg/plant.
Comparative example 5
The composition and preparation method of the root growth promoting agent in the comparative example are the same as those of example 1, and the using method of step S1 is the same as that of example 1, except that the test area is 1 mu, in step S2, after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 4 days, hole irrigation is performed with 2% synergist aqueous solution at 0.5 kg/plant, and after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 30 days, hole irrigation is performed with 2% synergist aqueous solution at 0.5 kg/plant.
Comparative example 6
The test area of the comparative example is 1 mu, and the composition and preparation method of the root growth promoting agent are the same as those of example 1, except that:
s1-3, applying a synergist: uniformly mixing 35g of synergist and 70g of prepared accompanying soil for each tobacco seedling, then enclosing roots, holding tobacco seedling leaves by hands during enclosing the roots, enabling the leaves to clamp tobacco seedling core leaves without burying the tobacco seedling core leaves with soil, taking the core leaves and the soil surface at the bottom of a tobacco hole as the standard, and immediately applying pesticide for preventing and controlling underground pests, wherein the thickness of the enclosing roots is 3-5 cm;
s2, applying a conditioner
Preparing a conditioner into an aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 2%, and after tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 7 days, performing hole irrigation on the tobacco seedlings by using the 2% conditioner solution according to 0.5 kg/plant for the first time; after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 30 days, hole irrigation is carried out for the second time by using 2% conditioner solution according to 0.5 kg/plant, and other field management adopts a local high-quality tobacco leaf production management method. Measuring the root development indexes of the tobacco plants of the embodiments 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 6, wherein the volume of the root is measured by adopting a drainage method, the dry weight of the root is measured by adopting a weight method, and the activity of the root is measured by adopting a nitroblue tetrazolium method; the test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 cigar root development index measurement results
As can be seen from the above table, the conditioner disclosed by the invention is adopted to surround the roots together with the accompanying soil during the tobacco seedling transplanting, and the synergist aqueous solution is adopted to respectively perform hole irrigation on tobacco plants after 7-10 days and 30-35 days of transplanting, so that the development of the root system of the cigar can be remarkably promoted, and the root activity and the survival rate can be improved. The change of the use time of the conditioner and the synergist can obviously reduce the promotion effect on the root system development of the cigar and reduce the root activity; especially, the use of the synergist in the comparative example 6 leads to severe seedling burning and greatly reduces the survival rate of cigar seedlings. It follows that the best technical results are obtained with the conditioning agents and synergists according to the invention only with the application method provided by the invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The present invention may be subject to various modifications and changes by any person skilled in the art. Any simple equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the protection scope of the present application and the content of the specification are intended to be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A root promoting agent for promoting the development of a cigar root system is characterized in that the root promoting agent comprises a conditioning agent and a synergist, and the conditioning agent and the synergist are used separately; the conditioner comprises the following raw materials:
the synergist comprises the following raw materials:
15-20 parts of humic acid,
3-5 parts of a special tobacco fertilizer,
2-3 parts of zinc sulfate.
2. The root promoting agent for promoting the development of the root system of the cigar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer meets the following requirements: the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.0 multiplied by 107cfu/g, the mass ratio of organic matters to the dry basis of the tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 40.0%, the total mass of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide to the dry basis of the tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 5.0%, the water content is less than or equal to 30.0%, the number of faecal coliform groups is less than or equal to 100/g, the death rate of ascarid eggs is more than or equal to 95%, and the pH value is 5.5-8.5.
3. The root growth promoter for promoting the root growth of cigar tobacco as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon-based fertilizer is obtained by carbonizing corn stalks at 650-750 ℃ for at least 1h in an oxygen-free environment and then crushing, and the particle size of the carbon-based fertilizer is 1-3 mm.
4. The root growth promoter for promoting the root growth of cigar tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the cake fertilizer is one or more of rapeseed cake, peanut cake and sesame cake.
5. The root growth promoter for promoting the root growth of cigar as claimed in claim 1, wherein SiO is contained in the silicon fertilizer2The content is more than 20 percent.
6. A process for the preparation of a root growth promoter for the promotion of the root development of cigar tobacco according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the conditioning agent is treated before use according to the following method: fully mixing all the components of the conditioner, adding water accounting for 10-15% of the total mass of the conditioner, curing at 25-30 ℃ for 48-72 hours, and finally drying, wherein the water content of the conditioner is controlled to be below 10%; the synergist is prepared into an aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.1-2% before use.
7. The method of using a root-promoting agent for promoting the development of the root system of cigars as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method of using the root-promoting agent comprises the steps of:
s1, transplanting the cigar seedlings and applying a conditioner
S1-1, fertilizing and ridging, preparing soil 25-30 days before transplanting, and fertilizing in a strip fertilizing mode according to the row spacing of 1.2m, wherein the fertilizing depth is based on the condition that a fertilizer layer is below a tobacco hole; ridging, wherein the height of a ridge body is 25-30 cm, the width of the bottom of the ridge body is 1.1-1.2 m, and the width of the top of the ridge body is 55-60 cm; covering a mulching film on the ridge body;
s1-2, transplanting the tobacco seedlings, and transplanting the tobacco seedlings by adopting small strong seedlings cultured by floating seedling culture, wherein the small strong seedlings have 4-6 main leaves, are strong and disease-free, and can be pulled out of a seedling culture tray together with a nutrient medium at the roots during seedling lifting; planting according to the plant spacing of 0.55m, and transplanting the seedlings with the depth of 10-15 cm; watering is carried out when transplanting is carried out, 1.0-1.5 kg of water is watered to each hole, and tobacco seedlings are vertically planted into the holes before water is not completely infiltrated into the soil; the distance between the highest leaf tip of the tobacco seedling in a natural state after transplanting and the mulching film at the top of the ridge is 15-20 cm;
s1-3, applying a conditioner, thereforThe dosage of the conditioner is 525-1050 kg/hm2(ii) a After the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, uniformly mixing 35-70 g of conditioner and prepared partner soil for each tobacco seedling, and then enclosing the roots; when the roots are surrounded, the tobacco seedling leaves are held together by hands, so that the tobacco seedling core leaves are clamped by the leaves, the thickness of the surrounding roots is 3-5 cm based on the fact that the core leaves are flush with the soil surface at the bottom of the tobacco hole, and then pesticides for preventing and controlling underground pests are applied immediately;
s2, application of synergist
After the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 7-10 days, hole irrigation is carried out by using a water solution of a synergist at 0.5-0.75 kg/plant, and the dosage of the synergist is 300-600 kg/hm2(ii) a After the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 30-35 days, hole irrigation is carried out by using a water solution of a synergist at 0.5-0.75 kg/plant, and the dosage of the synergist is 450-600 kg/hm2。
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