CN111374015B

CN111374015B - Sexual propagation method for rodgersia southwest

Info

Publication number: CN111374015B
Application number: CN202010370495.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨少华; 戚淑威; 陈翠; 和根强; 徐天才; 陈俊飞
Original assignee: INSTITUTE OF ALPINE ECONOMIC PLANT IN YUNNAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Current assignee: INSTITUTE OF ALPINE ECONOMIC PLANT IN YUNNAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Priority date: 2020-05-04
Filing date: 2020-05-04
Publication date: 2021-11-16
Anticipated expiration: 2040-05-04
Also published as: CN111374015A

Abstract

A sexual propagation method for rodgersia southwestersii includes the steps of disinfecting the surfaces of collected rodgersia southwestersii seeds, sowing the disinfected rodgersia southwestersii seeds in seedling culture trays, culturing the rodgersia southwestersii seeds in a culture room, transplanting the seedlings with the age of 4 months or more, transplanting the seedlings with the plant height of 4cm or more and the number of leaves of 4-6, culturing the seedlings with the leaf width of 3-5 cm in a transplanting matrix in an arched shed, applying decomposed farmyard manure to the surfaces of the transplanting matrix after the transplanted seedlings fall seedlings in the same year, using 1500-2000 kg/mu of the decomposed farmyard manure, simultaneously performing earthing, and transplanting underground parts in the same year to form rodgersia southwestersii rhizomes which are propagated as rodgersia southwestersii seedballs. According to the method, under the condition that no hormone is added, the average germination rate of seeds reaches 95.3%, the survival rate of seedlings after germination reaches 73.8%, the survival rate of the seedlings after transplantation reaches more than 80%, and the seedlings are propagated into the high-quality rodgersia occidentalis seedballs with thick rootstock and developed root systems in the same year.

Description

Sexual propagation method for rodgersia southwest

Technical Field

The invention relates to a sexual propagation method for rodgersia podophylla in southwest, belonging to the technical field of plant cultivation.

Background

Rodgersia occidentalis (Rodgersia sambucifolo 1ia Hemsl.), a perennial herbaceous plant of Rodgersia podophylla (Rodgersia Hemsl.) of Saxifragaceae (Saxifragaceae), mainly produced in Kunming City, Xuanwei City, Heqing county, Jianchuan county, Huizzi county, Rough county, Yongsheng county, Yulong county and the like of Yunnan province, and the medicinal materials are named as Rodgersia rodgerba, common name Maoqinghong, jiufutao, Maoqi, Maojian notoginseng and Xuezhisan ginseng, are applied to the root-shaped stem, have bitter, astringent and bitter properties and taste, have the effects of clearing heat and removing toxicity, dispelling wind and removing dampness and astringing, and have remarkable curative effects on cold, headache, bacillary dysentery, traumatic hemorrhage and the like.

Modern medical research shows that the rodgersflower rhizome contains bergenin which is the main component of hundreds of medicaments in China, such as Shuangyang pharyngitis treating granules, infantile cough relieving granules, cough relieving and asthma relieving tablets and the like. At present, with the continuous development of medicinal values of rodgersflower, the demand of markets for rodgersflower is increased year by year, so that wild resources of rodgersflower are dug by top-killing, the reserve of the wild resources is continuously reduced, the seedling breeding of the rodgersflower mainly adopts a rhizome or rhizome cutting propagation technology or plant group culture and rapid propagation, the former is waste because the rhizome of the rodgersflower is a medicinal part and is used as a propagation material, the propagation coefficient is lower (the common propagation coefficient is 3-5), the market demand cannot be met, and the latter is higher in production condition and cost requirement. However, the number of the seeds of rodgersia occidentalis is very large, the average number of the seeds per plant can reach 100-2000, but the seeds of rodgersia occidentalis are very small, the particle size of the seeds is usually 1.5-2.5 mm long and 0.3-0.9 mm wide, so that after the seeds germinate, the survival rate of the germinated seedlings is low, the survival rate of transplanted seedlings after transplantation is lower, and an effective propagation method for survival of the seedlings and massive survival of transplantation by seed propagation is not adopted yet, so that the rodgersia occidentalis seeds are wasted greatly.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems of low survival rate of seedlings in rodgersia southwestersii seed propagation and low survival rate of transplanted seedlings after seedling transplantation, the invention provides a rodgersia southwestersii sexual propagation method capable of improving survival rate and survival rate of transplanted seedlings after seedling emergence of rodgersia southwestersii seeds, and the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of disinfecting the surfaces of collected candlestick species of southwestern Coprinus comatus, sowing the sterilized candlestick species in a seedling culture substrate in a seedling culture tray, culturing the seedlings with the age of more than 4 months, transplanting the seedlings with the plant height of more than or equal to 4cm, the number of blades of 4-6 and the blade width of 3-5 cm in a transplanting substrate in an arched shed for culture, applying decomposed farmyard manure on the surface of the transplanting substrate after the transplanted seedlings fall seedlings in the same year, wherein the consumption of the decomposed farmyard manure is 1500 plus 2000 kg/mu, simultaneously carrying out soil culture, and transplanting the underground part in the same year to form southwestern Coprinus comatus rhizomes, namely the bred southwestern Coprinus comatus seedballs.

Further, the method for collecting the rodgersia southwest seeds comprises the following steps: and (3) cutting a fruit sequence of the mature rodgersia podophylla with no plant diseases and insect pests and the undehished capsule in 8-10 months, placing the rodgersia podophylla in a shady and ventilated place for 7-10 days, reversely extracting the fruit sequence, shaking, and collecting the fallen seeds for later use.

Further, the culturing in the culture chamber is: to the matrix spraying of growing seedlings in the seedling tray of growing seedlings that has southwest rodgersia podophylla seed and permeating water, seedling tray is educated to reuse white transparent plastic film cover, educates the seedling tray and arranges culture room in, culture room: the temperature, humidity and illumination conditions are as follows: 20-30 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 70-90%, the illumination is 9000-15000 lx, and the illumination time is 8-14 h/d; water content management: spraying water for 1-2 times every day, lifting the plastic film when spraying water, and then spraying water by using a spraying pot until the seedling substrate from top to bottom is at least 5cm wet; nutrient management: spraying fertilizer on the leaf surface after 70% of seedling emergence, spraying 0.1% urea solution 1 time per week in the 1 st month after 70% of seedling emergence, spraying 0.3% urea solution 1 time per week in the 2 nd month, spraying 0.8% urea solution 1 time per week in the 3 rd month, and spraying 1.0% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 1 time every 10 days from the 4 th month to before seedling transplantation.

Further, the temperature, humidity and illumination conditions in the culture room are as follows: the air humidity is 70-80% at 25 ℃, the illumination is 10000-12000 lx, and the illumination time is 10 h/d.

Further, the culture of the transplanting medium for transplanting the seedlings in the arched shed is as follows: covering a sunshade net with shading rate of 40% -60% on the top surface of the arched shed within 1 month from transplanting of the seedlings to the arched shed, and removing the sunshade net on a cloudy day after 1 month; managing the temperature, the humidity and the water in the arched shed: the relative humidity of air in the arched shed is 70-90%, the soil humidity of the transplanting matrix is 60-70%, and the transplanting matrix is ventilated in the morning and evening to ensure thatThe temperature in the arched shed is not higher than 30 ℃; spraying 1.0% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 0.8% urea solution on leaf surface of rodgersia occidentalis from transplanting seedling in shed to formation of rhizome of rodgersia occidentalis, spraying 1 time every 15 days, and alternately applying; the transplanting matrix is obtained by sieving mountain base soil by using a sieve with the aperture of 10-30 mm to obtain undersize mountain base soil I, and mixing compound fertilizer N15-P in the mountain base soil I to obtain the transplanting matrix₂O₅15％-K₂O15 percent of compound fertilizer, wherein the mixing amount of the compound fertilizer is 0.1-0.2kg of compound fertilizer mixed in each kilogram of mountain foundation soil I.

Further, the maximum height of the arched shed is 1 m.

Further, the surface disinfection of the rodgersia southwest seeds is as follows: soaking the rodgersia occidentalis seeds in a solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder with 500-800 times of the solution for 1-2 hours for surface disinfection, and washing the rodgersia occidentalis seeds with clear water for 1-2 times.

Further, the seedling substrate sowed in the seedling tray is as follows: after the disinfected rodgersia occidentalis seeds are washed for 1-2 times by clear water, the seeds are uniformly mixed with fine mountain base soil with the water content of 50-60% according to the weight ratio of 1:10 after the water on the surfaces of the seeds is dried, and then the seeds are sowed in a seedling-raising tray, or the seeds mixed with the fine mountain base soil are put into an incubator at 15-20 ℃ for culture, and the seeds are sowed in the seedling-raising tray when 40-50% of the seeds are exposed to the white, wherein the fine mountain base soil is undersize mountain base soil obtained by sieving mountain base soil by a sieve with the aperture of 10mm, and the seedling-raising base is prepared according to the following method: mixing and stirring the fine mountain base soil, the loam and the perlite uniformly according to the volume ratio of 10:2:1 to obtain a mixed matrix, and adjusting the humidity of the mixed matrix to be 40-50% by using 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800-.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention has the characteristics of high seed germination rate, high survival rate of seedlings after germination, high transplanting survival rate of seedlings, high quality of propagated bulbs (oblate rhizomes) and high propagation coefficient.

Aiming at the biological characteristics that the number of seeds of rodgersia occidentalis is huge, the average survival rate of each seed can reach 100-2000 grains, but the seeds are very fine, so that the survival rate of germinated seedlings is low after the seeds germinate, and the survival rate of transplanted seedlings is lower, a large number of experimental analyses are carried out, an effective seed collecting means is adopted, so that the collected seeds are mature, the average germination rate of the seeds reaches 95.3 percent under the condition of not adding any hormone in the process of breeding the rodgersia occidentalis seeds into seed balls by key technical means such as optimized culture room culture conditions, optimal foliar fertilizer spraying (fertilizer, concentration and fertilizer spraying time), optimal seedling transplanting time, post-transplanting cultivation and the like, the survival rate of the seedlings reaches more than 80 percent, and the average diameter of the roots propagated in the same year reaches at least 12.31mm, the average weight reaches 1.08g, the average number of fibrous roots per rhizome reaches 31, the rhizome with the average fibrous root length of 53.23mm is thick and strong, and the root system is developed.

The method effectively solves the technical problems that the seed propagation is limited to the seed germination stage at present, the survival rate of the germinated seedlings is low, and the survival rate of transplanting seedlings is low, and solves the problems that the seeds of rodgersia podophylla are wasted, more medicinal herbs are wasted by using rodgersia sambucifolia rhizome propagation, and the propagation coefficient is low. The method provided by the invention can effectively utilize the rodgersia occidentalis seeds, can meet the market demand, and has important significance for protection and sustainable utilization of wild seed sources.

Drawings

FIG. 1: influence of different temperatures on seed germination rate of rodgersia occidentalis.

FIG. 2: and transplanting the seedlings for 1 month.

FIG. 3: the seedlings form rootstocks after 3 months of transplantation.

FIG. 4: the seedlings of 2 and 4 months of age form a rhizome contrast in the same year after being transplanted at the same time. In FIG. 4, the left side shows the rhizome formed after transplanting of a 2-month-old seedling, and in FIG. 4, the right side shows the rhizome formed after transplanting of a 4-month-old seedling.

Detailed Description

Sowing is started in 2-3 months of the rodgersia syphonsis, transplanting is carried out in 6-7 months of the year, an oblate rhizome is formed in 9-10 months of the year, seedlings are poured in the bottom of 10 months to enter a dormant period, and seedlings emerge again in the beginning of 3 months of the next year. The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

The mountain base soil refers to humus soil of mountain forest.

Seed collection for rodgersia occidentalis in each of the following experiments was performed according to example 3, step (1).

Example 1

1.1 seed germination percentage test

Seed collection, seed surface sterilization and sowing were as in example 3 steps (1) to (3).

At 25 ℃, the seeds of the rodgersia occidentalis germinate from the 7 th day of sowing, the germination potential increases along with the increase of the culture days, and the germination potential reaches the peak value after 14 days. In three parallel tests, each group of 100 seeds has germination rate of 92-98% and average germination rate of 95.3, and the germination rate is 96,98 and 92 respectively. As shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 seed Germination Rate test of Rodgersia suboxydans West

1.2 Effect of different temperatures on seed Germination

The germination temperature range of the rodgersia occidentalis seeds is wide, the seeds can germinate under the condition of 10-30 ℃, the result is shown in figure 1, the optimum germination temperature of the seeds is 25 ℃, the germination rate can reach 94%, and then the germination rate of the seeds can reach 92%, when the temperature is lower than 10 ℃ (the germination rate is 34%), the germination time is obviously prolonged (the germination time is 50-60 days), the germination rate is obviously reduced, and when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, the germination time is earlier (the seeds can begin to germinate on the 8 th day), but the germination rate is in a descending trend along with the temperature increase. Therefore, the optimal germination temperature of the rodgersia podophylla seeds is 25 ℃, and the optimal germination temperature range is 20-30 ℃.

1.3 Effect of casing thickness on seed Germination

Under the condition of 1.1, the rodgersia occidentalis seeds can germinate under the condition that the soil covering thickness is 0cm, 0.5cm, 1cm and 1.5cm, wherein the optimal soil covering thickness is 0.5-1.0 cm. At the moment, the emergence time is earliest, the emergence can be carried out within 7 days, and the emergence rate can reach 94%; under the condition of covering soil of 0cm, the germination time is almost equal to the time of covering soil of 0.5cm, but the phenomenon of 'dead seedlings' is easy to generate due to the fact that radicles are exposed in the air after emergence of seedlings, and when the thickness of the covering soil is more than 1.0cm, the emergence time is obviously prolonged, and the emergence rate shows a descending trend along with the increase of the thickness of the covering soil.

Example 2

2.1 foliar fertility test

Fertilization was performed as described in step (4) chamber culture of example 3: fertilizing after 70% of seedling emergence, spraying 1 urea solution with the concentration of 0.1% mass fraction every week in the 1 st month after 70% of seedling emergence, spraying 0.3% mass fraction urea solution every week in the 2 nd month, spraying 0.8% mass fraction urea solution every week in the 3 rd month, and spraying 1.0% mass fraction potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 10 days from the 4 th month to before seedling transplantation.

The growth conditions of seedlings without the fertilizer (water is used for replacing the fertilizer) are used as a control, the information such as plant height (cm), stem thickness (cm), leaf number, leaf size, seedling survival rate (%) and the like is observed and recorded at 3 months, and the results are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 foliar fertility test

Note: the plant height is the average height (cm) of 10 randomly selected seedlings; the stem thickness is the average stem thickness (cm) of 10 randomly selected seedlings;

the size of the leaf is length (cm) x width (cm).

2.2 Effect of different transplanting periods on the production of rhizome in the seedling

The time of the growth of the seeds after emergence is taken as the seedling age, the seedlings with different seedling ages are transplanted into a transplanting medium in an arched shed for culture in the mode of the step (5) of the embodiment 3 (the height, the number of leaves and the width of the leaves of the 2-month-old seedlings and the 4-month-old seedlings are selected, robust 2-month-old seedlings are selected), the growth of the seeds after emergence is 4 months, namely the seedling age is 4 months (or 4 months), the seedling transplantation with the age of more than 4 months is taken as the optimal time, the 2-month-old seedlings are small, the capability of resisting a poor growth environment is poor, and the mortality rate is more than 90%.

The transplanting survival rate of the seedlings of more than 4 months can reach more than 80 percent, the seedlings grow rapidly after transplanting, when the seedlings grow for 2 months after transplanting, three feather-shaped compound leaves grow out, the number of the leaves is 4-5 averagely, the average plant height is 6.8cm, the maximum leaf surface width is 8cm multiplied by 8cm, and rootstocks can be formed in the same year, as shown in figures 3 to 4.

Transplanting seedlings of 2-month-old transplanted seedlings (abbreviated as 2 months) and 4-month-old transplanted seedlings (abbreviated as 4 months) at the same time (6 months), and transplanting the seedlings in 11 months in the same year, performing comparative analysis on the sizes, weights, fibrous root numbers and lengths of the seedling rootstocks of 2-month-old and 4-month-old transplanted seedlings after seedling inversion, wherein as shown in figure 4, the transplanted seedlings of 2-month-old and 4-month-old can form rootstocks in the same year of transplantation, the rootstocks are oblate spheres, most fibrous roots are generated, the rootstocks formed in the 4-month-old transplanted seedling in the same year are obviously larger than the rootstocks formed in the 2-month-old seedling in the same year of transplantation, at the moment, 5 plants are respectively selected for diameter, weight and fibrous root number length measurement, as shown in table 3, the average weight of the rootstocks formed in the 4-month-old seedling in the same year of transplantation can reach 1.08g, the average weight of the rootstocks formed in the 2-month-old seedling in the same year can reach 0.27g, the weight of the rhizome formed in the current year after transplanting the 4-month-old seedling is 4 times that of the 2-month-old seedling. The diameter of the rhizome formed in the current year of transplanting the 4-month-old seedling is 2 times that of the rhizome formed in the current year of the 2-month-old seedling.

Analysis and comparison of the formation of rhizome in the current year of seedling transplantation of 32 and 4 months old in the table

Example 3

The sexual propagation method of rodgersia southwest comprises the following steps:

(1) gather shandong dongtao seed in southwest, in 10 months, cut the infructescence of shandong dongtao that does not have plant diseases and insect pests, ripe shandong dongtao capsule and its capsule did not ftracture, after 7d was placed in cool and ventilated department, the infructescence was carried backward, trembled gently, and the seed of collecting to fall is the ripe seed promptly, avoids other impurity to produce, and it is reserve to collect the seed.

The mature rodgersia southwani capsule is generally full and has grayish brown or deep purple, but the natural mature seeds in the mature rodgersia southwani capsule are only 10-20%, and the collected seeds are basically mature seeds after the rodgersia southwani capsule of which the capsule is not cracked is collected in the method disclosed by the invention and placed in a shady and ventilated place for 7-10 days, most of the immature seeds are attached to the inner wall of the plant capsule, on the other hand, the rodgersia southwani seeds collected by the method disclosed by the invention can be germinated in a large amount under the conditions of proper temperature and humidity without hormone induction, and other impurities can be avoided by slightly shaking the collected seeds after the collected seeds are lifted.

(2) Seed surface disinfection: the collected rodgersia occidentalis seeds are soaked in a solution with 800 times of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder for 2 hours before being sowed in 2 months next year for surface disinfection.

(3) Sowing: washing disinfected rodgersia occidentalis seeds with clear water for 1 time, uniformly mixing the disinfected rodgersia occidentalis seeds with fine mountain base soil with the water content of 60 mass percent according to the volume ratio of 1:10 after the surfaces of the rodgersia occidentalis seeds are dried, and sowing the seeds in a seedling culture substrate in a seedling culture plate; the fine mountain foundation soil is undersize mountain foundation soil obtained by sieving mountain foundation soil by using a sieve with the particle size of 10mm, and the seedling culture medium is prepared by the following method: mixing and stirring the fine mountain base soil, the loam and the perlite uniformly according to the volume ratio of 10:2:1 to obtain a mixed matrix, and adjusting the humidity of the mixed matrix to 50% by using 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800-fold liquid to obtain the seedling culture matrix. The specification of the seedling raising plate is 40cm multiplied by 40cm, the depth is 10cm, the seedling raising matrix is filled in the seedling raising plate and flattened, and the distance between the surface of the seedling raising matrix and the top surface of the seedling raising plate is 2 cm.

(4) Cultivate the room and cultivate, to the seedling tray that educates that has southwest rodgersia podophylla seed spout to permeating water promptly to the seedling tray that educates that has southwest rodgersia podophylla seed spout water to educating seedling tray bottom hole of leaking and have the water droplet to end, the reuse white transparent plastic film covers and educates seedling tray, will educate seedling tray and arrange seedling tray in the culture room again, in the culture room: the temperature, humidity and illumination conditions are as follows: at 25 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 70-80%, the illumination is 10000-12000 lx, and the illumination time is 10 h/d; water content management: spraying water for 1-2 times every day, wherein the water is sprayed when the water is dry, the plastic film is lifted when the water is sprayed, and then the water is sprayed by a spray can until the seedling substrate from top to bottom is at least 5cm wet; nutrient management: the method comprises the following steps of sequentially emerging 7-10 days after sowing, spraying fertilizer on leaf surfaces after emergence of more than 70%, spraying urea solution with the mass fraction of 0.1% 1 time per week in the 1 st month after emergence of more than 70%, spraying urea solution with the mass fraction of 0.3% 1 time per week in the 2 nd month, spraying urea solution with the mass fraction of 0.8% 1 time per week in the 3 rd month, and spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with the mass fraction of 1.0% 1 time every 10 days from the 4 th month to before seedling transplantation.

(5) Transplanting: transplanting the 4-month-old seedlings, wherein during transplanting, the height of the 4-month-old seedlings is more than or equal to 4cm, the number of the leaves is 4-6, the seedlings with the leaf width of 3-5 cm are transplanted in a transplanting medium in an arched shed for culturing, and the highest degree of the arched shed is 1 m. Covering a sunshade net with shading rate of 60% on the top surface of the arched shed within 1 month from transplanting of the seedlings to the arched shed, and removing the sunshade net in cloudy days after 1 month; managing the temperature, the humidity and the water in the arched shed: the relative humidity of air in the arched shed is 70-90%, the soil humidity of the transplanting matrix is 60-70%, and the transplanting matrix is ventilated in the morning and evening, so that the temperature in the arched shed is not higher than 30 ℃; spraying 1.0 mass percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 0.8 mass percent urea solution on leaf surfaces of rodgersia occidentalis from the transplanting matrix of seedlings in an arched shed to the period of forming the rhizome of rodgersia occidentalis, spraying 1 time every 15 days, and alternately spraying; the transplanting matrix is obtained by sieving mountain foundation soil with a sieve with a pore diameter of 20mmThe obtained base soil under the sieve is base soil I, and a compound fertilizer is mixed into the base soil I to obtain a transplanting matrix, wherein the compound fertilizer is N15% -P₂O₅15％-K₂O15 percent of compound fertilizer, wherein the mixing amount of the compound fertilizer is 0.15kg of compound fertilizer mixed in each kilogram of mountain foundation soil I.

After the seedlings transplanted in the arched shed are transplanted, applying decomposed farmyard manure on the surface of the transplanting matrix in 1500 kg/mu, and simultaneously earthing up. When the rhizomes of rodgersia southwestersii are formed in the underground part, namely the propagated rodgersia southwestersii seedball, the rodgersia southwestersii seedball can be directly used for field cultivation.

The arched shed is a colorless transparent plastic film arched shed, a transplanting substrate in the arched shed is used as a compartment, the width is 1m, the height is 20cm, the compartment is flattened, strip planting or hole planting is adopted for transplanting, shallow trenches are transversely formed on the compartment surface by shovels, the trench width is 5cm, the trench depth is 3cm, the seedling spacing is 8cm, the seedling spacing is placed in the trenches, the roots are spread as far as possible, after the shallow trenches are placed in order, the row spacing is 10cm, soil is covered in the previous row of trenches, transplanting is carried out by analogy, small holes are dug in the hole planting by shovels, the hole depth is 3 cm-5 cm (the actual depth of each hole can be determined according to the size of the seedling), the roots of the seedlings are spread as far as possible, the overground part of the seedlings 2/3 is guaranteed to be located outside the holes, the seedlings are placed in the small holes and covered with soil, the hole spacing is 10cm, and root-fixing water is poured by a watering pot after transplanting.

In this example 3, the average germination rate of the seeds reaches 95.3%, the survival rate of the seedlings after germination reaches 73.8%, the survival rate of the seedlings after 4 months is transplanted, the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings reaches more than 80%, the average diameter of the rhizome formed by transplanting until seedling falling can reach 12.31mm, the average weight can reach 1.08g, the average number of fibrous roots per rhizome can reach 31, the average length of the fibrous roots can reach 53.23mm, and the seeds can be propagated into high-quality seed balls (rhizome) of podophyllum occidentalis in the same year as shown in table 3 at 4 months.

Example 4

The procedure was the same as in example 3 except for the following differences.

(3) Sowing: washing sterilized rodgersia southwestern seeds with clear water for 2 times, uniformly mixing the dried surface water of the rodgersia southwestern candlestick seeds with fine mountain base soil with the water content of 50 mass percent, putting the mixture into an incubator at 20 ℃ for culture, and sowing seedling culture substrates in seedling culture plates when 40-50 percent of rodgersia southwestern seeds are exposed to white.

Claims

1. A sexual propagation method for rodgersia southwest is characterized by comprising the following steps: sterilizing the surfaces of candlestick collected southwestern Coprinus comatus seeds, sowing the seeds in a seedling culture substrate in a seedling culture tray, culturing the seedlings in a culture room, transplanting the seedlings with the age of more than 4 months, wherein during transplanting, the seedlings with the plant height of more than or equal to 4cm, the number of blades of 4-6 and the blade width of 3-5 cm are transplanted in a transplanting substrate in an arched shed for culture, after the transplanted seedlings fall seedlings in the same year, applying decomposed farmyard manure on the surface of the transplanting substrate, wherein the consumption of the decomposed farmyard manure is 1500 plus 2000 kg/mu, and transplanting part of the seedlings in the same year to form southwestern Coprinus comatus rhizomes which are propagated is the southwest Coprinus comatus seedballs;

the culture in the culture chamber comprises the following steps: to the matrix spraying of growing seedlings in the seedling tray of growing seedlings that has southwest rodgersia podophylla seed and permeating water, seedling tray is educated to reuse white transparent plastic film cover, educates the seedling tray and arranges culture room in, culture room: the temperature, humidity and illumination conditions are as follows: 20-30 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 70-90%, the illumination is 9000-15000 lx, and the illumination time is 8-14 h/d; water content management: spraying water for 1-2 times every day, lifting the plastic film when spraying water, and then spraying water by using a spraying pot until the seedling substrate from top to bottom is at least 5cm wet; nutrient management: spraying fertilizer on the leaf surface after 70% of seedling emergence, spraying 0.1% urea solution for 1 time every week in the 1 st month after 70% of seedling emergence, spraying 0.3% urea solution for 1 time every week in the 2 nd month, spraying 0.8% urea solution for 1 time every week in the 3 rd month, and spraying 1.0% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 1 time every 10 days from the 4 th month to before seedling transplantation;

the transplanting medium culture of the seedling transplanting in the arched shed comprises the following steps: covering a sunshade net with shading rate of 40% -60% on the top surface of the arched shed within 1 month from transplanting of the seedlings to the arched shed, and removing the sunshade net on a cloudy day after 1 month; managing the temperature, the humidity and the water in the arched shed: the relative humidity of air in the arched shed is 70-90%, the soil humidity of the transplanting matrix is 60-70%, and the transplanting matrix is ventilated in the morning and evening, so that the temperature in the arched shed is not higher than 30 ℃; transplanting matrix from seedling transplanting in arched shed to form southwest ghost lampCandlestick during the period of rhizome, spraying 1.0% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 0.8% urea solution to leaf surface of rodgersia podophylla in southwest, spraying 1 time every 15 days, and applying alternately; the transplanting matrix is obtained by sieving mountain base soil by using a sieve with the aperture of 10-30 mm to obtain undersize mountain base soil I, and mixing compound fertilizer N15-P in the mountain base soil I to obtain the transplanting matrix₂O₅15％-K₂O15 percent of compound fertilizer, wherein the mixing amount of the compound fertilizer is 0.1-0.2kg of compound fertilizer mixed in each kilogram of mountain foundation soil I.

2. The method for sexual reproduction of rodgersia occidentalis according to claim 1, wherein: the method for collecting the seeds of rodgersia podophylla in southwest comprises the following steps: and (3) cutting a fruit sequence of the mature rodgersia podophylla with no plant diseases and insect pests and the undehished capsule in 8-10 months, placing the rodgersia podophylla in a shady and ventilated place for 7-10 days, reversely extracting the fruit sequence, shaking, and collecting the fallen seeds for later use.

3. The method for sexual reproduction of rodgersia occidentalis according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature, humidity and illumination conditions in the culture room are as follows: the air humidity is 70-80% at 25 ℃, the illumination is 10000-12000 lx, and the illumination time is 10 h/d.

4. The method for sexual reproduction of rodgersia occidentalis according to claim 1, wherein: the maximum height of the arch shed is 1 m.

5. The method for sexual reproduction of rodgersia occidentalis according to claim 1, wherein: the surface disinfection of the rodgersia southwest seeds is as follows: soaking the rodgersia occidentalis seeds in a solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder with 500-800 times of the solution for 1-2 hours for surface disinfection, and washing the rodgersia occidentalis seeds with clear water for 1-2 times.

6. The method for sexual reproduction of rodgersia occidentalis according to claim 1, wherein: the seedling substrate sowed in the seedling tray is as follows: after the disinfected rodgersia occidentalis seeds are washed for 1-2 times by clear water, the seeds are uniformly mixed with fine mountain base soil with the water content of 50-60% according to the weight ratio of 1:10 after the water on the surfaces of the seeds is dried, and then the seeds are sowed in a seedling-raising tray, or the seeds mixed with the fine mountain base soil are put into an incubator at 15-20 ℃ for culture, and the seeds are sowed in the seedling-raising tray when 40-50% of the seeds are exposed to the white, wherein the fine mountain base soil is undersize mountain base soil obtained by sieving mountain base soil by a sieve with the aperture of 10mm, and the seedling-raising base is prepared according to the following method: mixing and stirring the fine mountain base soil, the loam and the perlite uniformly according to the volume ratio of 10:2:1 to obtain a mixed matrix, and adjusting the humidity of the mixed matrix to be 40-50% by using 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800-.