CN107593290A - A kind of implantation methods of Lygodium japonicum - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of Lygodium japonicum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to Chinese medicine field of planting, specifically, is related to a kind of implantation methods of Lygodium japonicum, comprises the following steps：1) selection of land：The soil of selection on the sunny side；2) site preparation：Furrow are played on soil on the sunny side, fertilizer is uniformly spread on furrow face, furrow face is flattened after being turned over soil, dig field planting hole；3) seedling from spore：Lygodium japonicum spore seed is collected, is seeded on spore seedbed, growth forms spore seedling；4) it is colonized：Spore seedling is entered into the transplanting of luggage cup, then is colonized in the field planting hole that step 2) is dug；5) field management：Observe survival rate after field planting, and weeding, loosen the soil, trim；6) fertilizing management：Fertilizing management is carried out after field planting；7) row irrigation management：Carry out row irrigation management；8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.The implantation methods of the present invention are simple to operation, can improve the yield of Lygodium japonicum, and plant obtained Lygodium japonicum active ingredient total amount height using the method for the present invention.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese medicine field of planting, specifically, is related to a kind of implantation methods of Lygodium japonicum.
Background technology
Lygodium japonicum alias sea gold sand, Jinsha rattan, left-hand rotation rattan etc., draft is climbed up by holding on to be perennial, belongs to pteridophyte, long 1-
4m.Rhizome is thin and crawls, by fine and soft hair.Stem is thin and delicate, in hay color, there is white microtriche.Leaf be 1-2 return winglike compound leaves, papery, two
Face is by fine and soft hair；There is warm tooth at fertile pinna ovate triangle, long 12-20cm, wide 10-16cm, leaflet ovum shape lanceolar, edge
Or irregular division, top leaflet stockless, pinniform or halberd shape, bottom leaflet have handle；Sterile pinna point triangle, generally with that can educate
Accessory pinna is similar, but is sometimes 1 time winglike compound leaf, and leaflet is wealthy linear, or base portion splits into irregular small pieces.Sporangium is born in energy
The back side of accessory pinna is educated, is arranged in the tooth of 2 times leaflets and sliver top into spike, spike length 2-4mm, spore operculum flakey is avette,
The often lower raw horizontal avette sporangium of lid, annulus side is given birth to, and at aggregation one, sporangium is more to be produced in summer and autumn, the spore phase 5~11
Month.
Chinese herb medicine of the Lygodium japonicum as disease preventing and treating, can control urinary tract infections, lithangiuria, gonorrhoea, nephritic dropsy, throat
Disease, its drug effect purposes such as swelling and pain, enteritis, dysentery, skin eczema, herpes zoster are used widely and approved.Because of Lygodium japonicum
Medical value it is high, market demand constantly increases, and causes wild Lygodium japonicum to be difficult to the needs for meeting market, and Lygodium japonicum is carried out
Artificial cultivation application, there is wide market prospects and larger economic benefit.
CN102742447A discloses a kind of artificial cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum, including plant division transplanting and spore cultivation；Institute
State plant division transplanting be the stipes one formed with the horizontal stem of Lao Miao plant by a length save more piece or with Lao Miao plant by natural growth
Some strains of seedling of shape are plant division, are planted using a plant division as a plant unit in the field planting plant division, or prior to seedbed
Plant and cultivate the plant division 10-14 months, transplanted afterwards by seedbed to crop field；The spore cultivation is that spore seed is sowed at into spore seedling
On bed, the relative water content for controlling matrix soil on spore seedbed is 60-90%, and growth forms juvenile sporophyte or spore seedling, then
By spore transplantation of seedlings in the crop field of environment identical with plant division transplanting；Either by juvenile sporophyte, the nursery lot in sunshade is first transplanted,
Transplanted in batches again in the crop field of environment identical with plant division transplanting after the growth 4-5 months.
However, the yield of above-mentioned cultural method Lygodium japonicum is not high, the Lygodium japonicum active ingredient total amount for planting to obtain is not also high.
In view of this it is special to propose the present invention.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of plantation side of Lygodium japonicum
Method, the implantation methods can improve the yield of Lygodium japonicum, and plant obtained Lygodium japonicum active ingredient using the method for the present invention
Total amount is high.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of implantation methods of Lygodium japonicum, wherein, described implantation methods comprise the following steps：
1) selection of land：The soil of selection on the sunny side；
2) site preparation：Furrow are played on soil on the sunny side, fertilizer is uniformly spread on furrow face, furrow face is flattened after being turned over soil, it is fixed to dig
Plant hole；
3) seedling from spore：Lygodium japonicum spore seed is collected, is seeded on spore seedbed, growth forms spore seedling；
4) it is colonized：Spore seedling is entered into the transplanting of luggage cup, then is colonized in the field planting hole that step 2) is dug；
5) field management：Observe survival rate after field planting, and weeding, loosen the soil, trim；
6) fertilizing management：Fertilizing management is carried out after field planting；
7) row irrigation management：Carry out row irrigation management；
8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
In step 2), a described furrow have been high 20cm, wide 120cm furrow；The described furrow face that is uniformly spread on fertilizer is
Every mu is mixed by well-rotted farmyard manure or matting 1000kg, composite fertilizer 30kg, is uniformly spread on furrow face, furrow face is flattened after being turned over soil.
In step 3), matrix is spread on described spore seedbed, thickness of sowing is 0.25~0.375g/m2, sow bonnet
Upper 75%~90% shade net.
First sterilized before the matrix of spore seedbed upper berth with carbendazim.
Described matrix is peat soil, the preferably peat soil through high-temperature sterilization.
The water content of the described peat soil through high-temperature sterilization is 28%~38%.
In step 4), described field planting is to be colonized by seeding row spacing 60cm × 20cm, and 8~14cm of sporinite is selected during field planting
Or/and 2~the 4cm of leaf of sporinite 3 spore seedling.
Described implantation methods also include winter management, and described winter management is late December to apply n-p-k three elements to answer
Hefei 80kg/ mus, and cut off aerial part.
Soil on the sunny side described in step 1) is tor soil on the sunny side.
Described fertilizing management is applies three times, under fertilising for the first time is applied in field planting, applies second of fertilizer after 3 months, 6 months
After apply third time fertilizer, apply high nitrogen and potassium type fertilizer, fertilizer amount 1g/ strains.
In the present invention, described n-p-k three elements composite fertilizer, high nitrogen and potassium type fertilizer are fertilizer commonly used in the art, can be with
It is commercially available to be commercially available.
After adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention has the advantages that compared with prior art：
The implantation methods of the present invention are simple to operation, can improve the yield of Lygodium japonicum, and using the method for the present invention
It is high to plant obtained Lygodium japonicum active ingredient total amount.
Embodiment
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention,
Technical scheme in embodiment is clearly and completely described, following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not limited to
The scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of implantation methods of Lygodium japonicum, wherein, described implantation methods comprise the following steps：
1) selection of land：The soil of selection on the sunny side；
2) site preparation：High 20cm, wide 120cm furrow are played on soil on the sunny side, fertilizer is pressed into well-rotted farmyard manure or matting for every mu
1000kg, composite fertilizer 30kg are well mixed to be spread on furrow face, and furrow face is flattened after being turned over soil, digs field planting hole；
3) seedling from spore：Lygodium japonicum spore seed is collected, spore seedbed is sterilized with carbendazim, spread through high-temperature sterilization
Peat soil, by Lygodium japonicum spore plantation be seeded on spore seedbed, thickness of sowing 0.25g/m2, after planting cover 90%
Shade net, growth form spore seedling；
4) it is colonized：Spore seedling is entered into the transplanting of luggage cup, then is colonized to what step 2) was dug and determines by seeding row spacing 60cm × 20cm
Plant in hole；
5) field management：Observe survival rate after field planting, and weeding, loosen the soil, trim；
6) fertilizing management：Apply three times, under fertilising for the first time is applied in field planting, second of fertilizer is applied after 3 months, is applied after 6 months
Third time fertilizer, apply high nitrogen and potassium type fertilizer, fertilizer amount 1g/ strains；
7) row irrigation management：Carry out row irrigation management；
8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
Embodiment 2
A kind of implantation methods of Lygodium japonicum, wherein, described implantation methods comprise the following steps：
1) selection of land：The soil of selection on the sunny side；
2) site preparation：High 20cm, wide 120cm furrow are played on soil on the sunny side, fertilizer is pressed into well-rotted farmyard manure or matting for every mu
1000kg, composite fertilizer 30kg are well mixed to be spread on furrow face, and furrow face is flattened after being turned over soil, digs field planting hole；
3) seedling from spore：Lygodium japonicum spore seed is collected, spore seedbed is sterilized with carbendazim, spread through high-temperature sterilization
Peat soil, by Lygodium japonicum spore plantation be seeded on spore seedbed, thickness of sowing 0.375g/m2, after planting cover 75%
Shade net, growth form spore seedling；
4) it is colonized：Spore seedling is entered into the transplanting of luggage cup, then is colonized to what step 2) was dug and determines by seeding row spacing 60cm × 20cm
Plant in hole；
5) field management：Observe survival rate after field planting, and weeding, loosen the soil, trim；
6) fertilizing management：Apply three times, under fertilising for the first time is applied in field planting, second of fertilizer is applied after 3 months, is applied after 6 months
Third time fertilizer, apply high nitrogen and potassium type fertilizer, fertilizer amount 1g/ strains；
7) row irrigation management：Carry out row irrigation management；
8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
Embodiment 3
A kind of implantation methods of Lygodium japonicum, wherein, described implantation methods comprise the following steps：
1) selection of land：The tor soil of selection on the sunny side；
2) site preparation：High 20cm, wide 120cm furrow are played on tor soil on the sunny side, by every mu of fertilizer by well-rotted farmyard manure or
Matting 1000kg, composite fertilizer 30kg are well mixed to be spread on furrow face, and furrow face is flattened after being turned over soil, digs field planting hole；
3) seedling from spore：Lygodium japonicum spore seed is collected, spore seedbed is sterilized with carbendazim, spread through high-temperature sterilization
Water content be 28% peat soil, by Lygodium japonicum spore plantation be seeded on spore seedbed, thickness of sowing 0.35g/m2, broadcast
80% shade net is covered after kind, growth forms spore seedling；
4) it is colonized：8~14cm of sporinite or/and the 2~4cm of leaf of sporinite 3 spore seedling are entered into the transplanting of luggage cup, then by strain
In the field planting hole that line-spacing 60cm × 20cm field planting is dug to step 2)；
5) field management：Observe survival rate after field planting, and weeding, loosen the soil, trim；
6) fertilizing management：Apply three times, under fertilising for the first time is applied in field planting, second of fertilizer is applied after 3 months, is applied after 6 months
Third time fertilizer, apply high nitrogen and potassium type fertilizer, fertilizer amount 1g/ strains；
7) row irrigation management：Carry out row irrigation management；
8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
Embodiment 4
A kind of implantation methods of Lygodium japonicum, wherein, described implantation methods comprise the following steps：
1) selection of land：The tor soil of selection on the sunny side；
2) site preparation：High 20cm, wide 120cm furrow are played on tor soil on the sunny side, by every mu of fertilizer by well-rotted farmyard manure or
Matting 1000kg, composite fertilizer 30kg are well mixed to be spread on furrow face, and furrow face is flattened after being turned over soil, digs field planting hole；
3) seedling from spore：Lygodium japonicum spore seed is collected, spore seedbed is sterilized with carbendazim, spread through high-temperature sterilization
Water content be 38% peat soil, by Lygodium japonicum spore plantation be seeded on spore seedbed, thickness of sowing 0.30g/m2, broadcast
90% shade net is covered after kind, growth forms spore seedling；
4) it is colonized：8~14cm of sporinite or/and the 2~4cm of leaf of sporinite 3 spore seedling are entered into the transplanting of luggage cup, then by strain
In the field planting hole that line-spacing 60cm × 20cm field planting is dug to step 2)；
5) field management：Observe survival rate after field planting, and weeding, loosen the soil, trim；
6) fertilizing management：Apply three times, under fertilising for the first time is applied in field planting, second of fertilizer is applied after 3 months, is applied after 6 months
Third time fertilizer, apply high nitrogen and potassium type fertilizer, fertilizer amount 1g/ strains；
7) row irrigation management：Carry out row irrigation management；
8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
9) winter management：Late December applies n-p-k three elements composite fertilizer 80kg/ mus, and cuts off aerial part.
Test example 1
First, Lygodium japonicum sporogenesis technical research
1st, material
The Lygodium japonicum of experiment is the spore of the Lygodiaceae plant Lygodium japonicum through plant classification expert appraisal.In then
7~August gathers the wild Lygodium japonicum plant with ripe spore, is then placed on film and dries in the shade naturally, spore is worked as after 5~7d
Capsule is split, and spore is scattered naturally, and the spore on film is collected, and is installed with sealed bag and is sealed and be stored in 5 DEG C of constant temperature up for safekeeping
It is standby in refrigerator.Experiment is respectively in LRH-250-G illumination boxs (Guangdong Medical Apparatus and Instruments Factory's production), glass room and big Tanaka
Carry out.And utilize light microscope routine observation.Lygodium japonicum spore is weighed respectively using the electronic balance that precision is 0.0001.
2nd, the observation of spore shape index
The spore of Lygodium japonicum is brown, obtuse triangle, has 3 cracks；Crack surrounding has the lip thickeied in various degree, outside
Wall is smooth, perisporium tool warty decorative pattern.
3rd, Seeds Germination Tests
Lygodium japonicum spore is put into culture dish at random, its germination percentage calculation formula is as follows：
Lygodium japonicum spore germination rate (%)=normal germinating spore grain number/total grain number × 100% of spore of participating in the experiment
4th, the daily management of Lygodium japonicum Development of Gametophytes phase
After Lygodium japonicum gametophyte is formed, the glass plate 1~2h of ventilation being covered on flowerpot is opened daily and is sprayed 1 time,
Prevent it is hot and humid under the conditions of matrix grow algae or liver moss and the air humidity in increase flowerpot and Lygodium japonicum original foliage surface
Moisture, improve rate of fertilization.
5th, sporogenesis is tested
5.1 temperature and illumination experiment
5.1.1 experimental design
Temperature Setup Experiments are constant temperature, and each processing is repeated 3 times；Periodicity illumination is 3000lx；Time is that 12h/d is artificial
It is respectively 20 DEG C of constant temperature, 25 DEG C of constant temperature, 30 DEG C of constant temperature, 35 DEG C of constant temperature in incubator, gives the illumination of constant temperature periodicity and constant temperature is complete
Black 8 processing.The first two layers of filter paper on culture dish middle berth during experiment, and with distillation water infiltration filter paper, then Lygodium japonicum spore is equal
It is sprinkling upon on filter paper, is then placed in corresponding artificial incubator evenly, periodically using microscopic, surveyed and sprout to the 30th day
Rate, compare the influence to Lygodium japonicum spore germination under different temperatures and illumination condition processing.
5.1.2 experimental result
Lygodium japonicum spore germination rate under table 1, different temperatures and illumination condition
Influence of the different temperatures to Lygodium japonicum gametophyte speed of germination and germination rate is different.In 30 DEG C of constant temperature periodically
Sprout most fast during illumination, the 8th day starts to sprout, and germination percentage is up to 76.7%；Under 25 DEG C of periodicity illumination conditions of constant temperature, open within the 13rd day
Begin to sprout, germination percentage 68.2%；Constant temperature, it is completely black under the conditions of best one group be 30 DEG C, also must 20 talentes see that its spore is sprouted
Hair.Lygodium japonicum spore is under identical temperature conditionss as seen from Table 1, under constant temperature periodicity illumination condition spore germination be superior to perseverance
Spore germination under the conditions of temperature is completely black.It can be seen that still must some strength illumination during spore germination.In 30 DEG C of constant temperature periodicity light
The Lygodium japonicum spore germination rate highest according under the conditions of.(being shown in Table 1)
5.2 moisture are tested
5.2.1 experimental design
It is 3000lx, time 12h/d in periodicity illumination.Temperature is to be cultivated in 30 DEG C of constant incubators, utilizes culture dish
Spore is sowed to the seedling medium that water content is 17%, 23%, 28%, 33%, 38%, 45% respectively：Garden mould=1:3 formula
Sowed, be repeated 3 times in matrix, compare its influence of different in moisture content to spore germination.
5.2.2 the Lygodium japonicum spore germination situation under different in moisture
Lygodium japonicum spore germination situation under table 2, different in moisture
From table 2, when formulation media water content is 38%, spore began to show green in stromal surface at the 12nd day,
Largely occur in 21 days gametophytes, at the 50th day, the 1st plant of sporophyte seedling occurred, and had within 90 days 20% Development of Gametophytes into spore
Body.When water content of substrate is when between 28%~38%, spore germination situation no significant difference.It is best suitable for Lygodium japonicum growth substrate
Moisture ratio is 38%.
5.3 matrix treatments are tested
5.3.1 experimental design
September is sowed, and high 25cm, diameter 30cm flowerpot nursery are selected in greenhouse；Choose high-temperature sterilization peat soil, high temperature
It is Germination textures to sterilize garden mould, do not sterilize peat soil, do not sterilize garden mould, not sterilizing 5 kinds of different substrates such as fresh liver moss.Each matrix
2~3cm this matrix is spread on top layer and crosses the thin matrix of 80 mesh；Spread the experimental group of fresh liver moss and fill basin with garden mould, one in the kind of top layer
The fresh liver moss of layer (does not have to sieving).Drench water, then sow, thickness of sowing is 0.5g/ ㎡, is repeated 3 times.Cover the glass sterilized
Glass, keep humidity.Data are surveyed after sowing 140 days, every group of 3 basins, 30 plants of measurements are randomly selected per basin, to study different germination bases
The influence of confrontation spore-germination.
5.3.2 Lygodium japonicum spore germination situation in different substrates
The situation of Lygodium japonicum spore germination in table 3, different substrates
Physical property has significant shadow to Lygodium japonicum spore germination in different soil in natural temperature, glass room
Ring.By surveying its each group of data after 90 days breed.Lygodium japonicum spore crosses peat soil matrix in high-temperature sterilization as can be known from Table 3
Upper Seeded growth obtains best, and gametophyte and sporinite are most in unit area, up to 47.72 plants/cm2, wherein sporinite conversion
Rate is up to 64.2%, and individual plant synthesis plant strain growth situation is best.
5.4 Lygodium japonicum seedling shade rates are tested
5.4.1 experimental design
September is sowed, with high 25cm, diameter 30cm flowerpot nursery in greenhouse.Flowerpot bottom loads garden mould, spreads into top
2~3cm crosses 80 mesh sieve garden moulds, the peat soil through high-temperature sterilization.Drench the evening of thiophanate overlay film one.Utilize sheltering from heat or light for different densities
Net, be respectively set to 90%, 75%, 50%, 4 kinds of shade rates processing of full exposure.Drench water, then sow, thickness of sowing is
0.5g/ ㎡, are repeated 3 times.Sterilization glass is covered again, keeps humidity.Sowing surveys data in 90 days, and every group of 3 basins, every group is taken out at random
30 plants of measurements are taken, to study influence of the different shade rates to spore germination.
5.4.2 different shade rate Lygodium japonicum spore germination situations
Lygodium japonicum spore germination situation in table 4, different shade rates
Different intensities of illumination has different influences to Lygodium japonicum spore germination speed and germination percentage.As can be seen from Table 4：
Under identical natural conditions, sprouted by 90 days, it is most that spore obtains sporinite number when shade rate is 90% per basin；Shade rate is
When 75%, individual plant synthesis plant strain growth situation is best.It can be seen that spore is little to intensity of illumination demand at rudiment initial stage, but develop into
Still there is certain demand to illumination during high-quality sporinite seedling.
5.5 Lygodium japonicum difference thicknesss of sowing are tested
5.5.1 experimental design
September sowing, ploughs deeply garden mould in greenhouse, plays 1.2*10m furrow, and topsoil twists with the fingers thin, support of being drenched after light pressing furrow face
Cloth Tianjin, covered with film and keep 24h.0.0625g/m is pressed respectively within second day2、0.125g/m2、0.250g/m2、0.375g/m2、
0.500g/m2、1.0/m25 kinds of thickness of sowing sowings.Every group of sown area 2m2.The statistics after sowing 90 days, research are different
Thickness of sowing is to spore germination and the influence of growth.
5.5.2 experimental result
Table 5, different thickness of sowing Lygodium japonicum spore germination situations
In greenhouse under natural conditions, different thicknesss of sowing have to Lygodium japonicum spore germination rate significant impact (see
Table 5).1.0g/m2Go mouldy within 30 days serious, almost full destruction.Wherein, thickness of sowing 0.5g/m2Obtained sporinite is most, reaches
3.22 plants/cm2, but plant synthesis growing state is worst, and Weight per plant only has 0.011g.Secondly, thickness of sowing 0.375g/m2
Obtained 1.45 plants/cm of sporinite2, but comprehensive plant strain growth situation is best, Weight per plant 0.036g.It can be seen that thickness of sowing
For 0.5g/m2When, Lygodium japonicum spore germination is most for sporinite, and spore thickness of sowing is 0.375g/m2When individual plant plant it is comprehensive
It is best to close growing state.0.25g/m2Individual plant plant integrates growing state and 0.375g/m2It is close, therefore healthy and strong sea need to be obtained
, can be by 0.25~0.375/m during Jinsha seedling2Carry out sowing and breeding.
5.6 Lygodium japonicum seedling fertilizations are tested
5.6.1 experimental design
September is sowed, and the processing in being tested with reference to different thicknesss of sowing, selection thickness of sowing is 0.5g/ ㎡, respectively Shi Quanjia
Good fortune 0.05%, Hai Wei apply 0.05%, composite fertilizer 0.05%, ck4 kinds fertilising (water fertilising) processing.By 0.5g/m2Sowing, the 30th day
Fertilising experiment is proceeded by, 10 days/1 time, data are surveyed after sowing the 90th day, research different fertilizer is to spore germination and growth shadow
Ring.
5.6.2 experimental result
The influence of table 6, Different Fertilization to Lygodium japonicum spore germination
Different fertilizer has different influence (being shown in Table 6) to Lygodium japonicum seedling.Applied fertilizer since nursery the 30th day, every 10
It surveys sporinite growing state after applying fertilizer 1 time, 2 months.From the point of view of each fertilising group growing state：Sporinite it is most be not apply fertilizer
Control group (ck), be 10.72 plants/cm2；How much other sporinites, which are followed successively by, is applied complete good 9.22 plants/cm of good fortune2>Shi Haiweishi
8.22 plants/cm2>Apply 6.28 plants/cm of composite fertilizer2, but from the point of view of individual plant integrates growing state, what the ratio of fertilising did not applied fertilizer will well very
More, other Weight per plant orders are followed successively by>The good good fortune of Shi Quan>Composite fertilizer>The control group not applied fertilizer is applied.
5.7 Lygodium japonicum seedling replantings are tested
5.7.1 experimental design
In glass room 12cm, diameter 8cm flowerpot nursery, respectively by gametophyte (original foliage) and sporinite (1 leaf, 3
Leaf, plant height 1-2cm, plant height 2-4cm, plant height 4-8cm, plant height 8-14cm) 7 kinds of processing, it is repeated 3 times.Data are surveyed in sowing within 90 days,
30 plants are surveyed per group, needs condition during the survival rate highest of Lygodium japonicum seedling replanting to study.
5.7.2 result and analysis
Table 7, Lygodium japonicum different size seedling replanting situation
In glass room under natural conditions, there is difference to its later stage growing state after different size Lygodium japonicum seedling replanting
Influence.Transplanting transplanting surveys sporinite growing state (being shown in Table 7) after 4 months.From the point of view of each group growing state：Transplanting survival rate
Highest is sporinite 8-14cm groups, and its survival rate is up to 100%；This 3 group survival rate phase of 1-2cm, 3 leaf 2-4cm, 4-8cm
It is poor little, it can reach more than 92.0%；1 leaf group transplanting survival rate is also up to 66.67%；Gametophyte group transplanting survival rate is worst
51.85%.It is also sporinite 8-14cm groups from the point of view of individual plant synthesis growing state>Sporinite 4-8cm>The leaf 2-4cm of sporinite 3>
The leaf of sporinite 1>1 leaf>Gametophyte.It can be seen that Lygodium japonicum transplanting survival rate is directly proportional to individual plant synthesis growing state, transplanting selects seedling to need
Reach after a certain size is just transplanted to it survive it is bigger with growth effect.
6th, brief summary
Different temperatures, moisture, sowing media, shade rate, thickness of sowing, fertilising and transplanting method are to Lygodium japonicum spore germination
It is different with the influence of transplanting survival rate.It is above-mentioned test result indicates that：
The optimum temperature of 6.1 Lygodium japonicum spore germinations is 30 DEG C.
6.2 in formulation media (seedling medium：Garden mould=1:3) water content is 38%, shade rate 75%, and in high temperature
In the peat soil matrix sterilized, thickness of sowing 0.375g/m2Growth of seedling after Shi Mengfa is best.
6.3 Lygodium japonicum are sowed to sporinite seedling is formed from spore, most fast to need 45 days.After seedling transplanting in 3~4 months,
It was colonized with can descending after 4 months or so.Lygodium japonicum from be seeded into be formed tool transplanting sporinite need 6~8 months.Therefore, it is sharp
The large-scale production that can make Lygodium japonicum with conventional sporogenesis has feasibility.Its Sterile culture method have it is easy to operate, into
The advantages that this is relatively low, breeding coefficient is big, seedling percent is high.
2nd, Lygodium japonicum division propagation
In December, 2012 carries out division propagation to the Lygodium japonicum of field planting 2 years, does 1 bud respectively and stays root, 2-4 buds to stay root, 4 buds to stay
Root, 2-4 buds more than root, 4 buds is stayed to stay root, 1 bud to go old root, 2-4 buds to go old root, 4 buds to remove old root, 4 buds with the old root that gets on, 2-4 buds
Remove old 10 result the failures of an experiment of root.In May, 2013 tests again, and it is as follows to survey its result after two months：
Table 8, Lygodium japonicum division propagation survival rate
Lygodium japonicum division propagation also needs to carry out under certain environmental conditions, and spring is advantageous to Lygodium japonicum and sprouts lamina of taking root
It is adapted to division propagation.Stay how much bud also determines the height of Lygodium japonicum survival rate,>2 buds can improve Lygodium japonicum plant division survival rate.
3rd, Lygodium japonicum planting experiment
1st, Different Ways of Planting
In March, 2012, with batch Lygodium japonicum seedling bred, is 0.6m*0.6m fixed in a triangle by density using the previous year
Plant, not basal dressing.Floor file growth is done respectively, takes slotting (1.5m) the three kinds of planting patterns of (0.5m) shelf, beans.In January, 2013 harvests,
Tendril (staying 10cm) is extracted during harvesting and surveys production, every group of sampling 5m x1.5m is repeated 3 times.Each group Lygodium japonicum biological yield is as follows：
Table 9, Different Ways of Planting
| Fresh weight kg/ mus | Dry weight kg/ mus | |
| Floor file grows | 489.13 | 226.78 |
| Take small shelf (0.5m) | 133.40 | 53.36 |
| Beans insert (1.5m) | 311.27 | 44.47 |
From each experimental group Yield comparison：Do not process, without the Lygodium japonicum plantation group for climbing up by holding on to thing floor file growth, Jinsha rattan
Root yield is up to 226.78kg/ mus.It can be seen that this planting patterns cost is low, yield is high, it is optimal planting patterns.
2nd, Lygodium japonicum is planted under the conditions of different shade rates
It is as follows that the Lygodium japonicum situation of 2 years is colonized 1 year, be colonized under the conditions of different shade rates：
Lygodium japonicum situation table under table 10, different shade rates
In 2012 the previous year was colonized with June, 2013 under the conditions of 50%, 75%, 95% 3 kind of different shade rate respectively
With batch Lygodium japonicum seedling bred, other daily managements are identical, count aerial part yield and measure Hai Jin in by the end of December, 2013
Husky astragalin and isoquercitrin active constituent content.Be colonized as seen from Table 10 in the Lygodium japonicum of 1 year 50% shade rate and
75% shade rate aerial part root yield is more or less the same, but 75% shade rate is than the Lygodium japonicum that is colonized under the conditions of 50% shade rate
More astragalins and isoquercitrin can be obtained.Being colonized in 50% shade rate in the Lygodium japonicum root yield and medicinal material of 2 years has
It is high to imitate composition total amount.It can be seen that it is 50% that Lygodium japonicum plantation, which is best suitable for shade rate,.
3rd, Second Year Lygodium japonicum Growth trends are colonized
A collection of Lygodium japonicum has been colonized in big Tanaka, stand cultivation has been carried out and (takes beans to insert) the climing dynamic observation of Second Year progress such as
Following table：
Table 11, field planting Second Year Lygodium japonicum Growth trends (average)
Lygodium japonicum rudiment peak period is annual twice, is concentrated mainly on spring to early summer and autumn, and spring, bud of summer rudiment 2~18/
Strain, August rudiment amount is few, the bud of rudiment 0~12 at the beginning of autumn to winter.December~late Febuary is affected by temperature, and Lygodium japonicum can not be sprouted
Bud.Overgrow long-term mainly in the end of spring and the beginning of summer and autumn.New climing first growth in 6~July is fast, up to 20~30cm.In spore in 5~June
Ascus occurs, and 7~September spore maturation can harvest.Spore is field gray, tiny, can not visually be recognized.To by the end of November, at the beginning of 12 months
Lygodium japonicum stops growing because enduring cold.
4th, Lygodium japonicum fertilizer is tested
1) method：Using potted plant, same batch of basically identical Lygodium japonicum seedling of size is selected, every group 10 plants, is applied fertilizer for the first time
Under being applied in field planting, second of fertilizer is applied after 3 months, third time fertilizer is applied after 6 months.Experiment uses orthogonal the setting of the level of four factor three
Meter, carry out following experiment (being shown in Table 12).
Table 12, Lygodium japonicum fertilizer experimental design table (every plant)
| It is horizontal | Soil types A | Fertilizer formula B | Fertilizer amount C | Application times D |
| 1 | Zonality red soil | High nitrogen type | 3g | 1 |
| 2 | Tor soil | High potassium type | 2g | 2 |
| 3 | Rice soil | The high potassium type of high nitrogen type | 1g | 3 |
Note：Fertilizer formula -- high nitrogen type (N:P:K=4:1:2), high potassium type (N:P:K=2:1:4), the high potassium type of high nitrogen type
(N:P:K=4:1:4), nitrogen source is that urea (contains N：46%), phosphorus source is that calcium superphosphate (contains P2O5：12-16%), potassium resource is sulfuric acid
(K2O：51.2%).
2) experimental result
Table 13, Lygodium japonicum fertilizer experimental result
Note：Dry weight calculates by 52%.
Table 14, the analysis of Lygodium japonicum fertilizer experiments experiment
After field planting 9 months (March~December) survey as a result, from 13 each empirical factor of result table of Lygodium japonicum yield effect and
Variance analysis of the table 14 to the total active ingredient of Lygodium japonicum is understood：
Pass through the variance analysis of Lygodium japonicum medicinal material aerial part single plant yield, the results showed that：A3B3C1D2 is influence Hai Jin
The best of breed of husky biological yield, i.e., it is colonized in rice soil, applies the high potassium type fertilizer of high nitrogen type, fertilizer amount 3g/ strains, applies fertilizer 2 times
It is best to combine biological yield.Understand that application times D extreme difference is maximum by range analysis, it was demonstrated that D factors are to influence Lygodium japonicum life
The principal element of produce amount；Soil types A is the secondary cause for influenceing Lygodium japonicum biological yield；Fertilizer is with fertilizer amount C to sea
Jinsha individual plant biological yield influences minimum.
Pass through the total content variance analysis of medicinal material aerial part active ingredient, the results showed that：A2B3C3D3 is influence Hai Jin
The best of breed of husky active ingredient total amount, i.e., it is colonized in tor soil, applies high nitrogen and potassium type fertilizer, fertilizer amount 1g/ strains, fertilising 3
The total active ingredient highest of individual plant Lygodium japonicum of secondary combination.Pass through range analysis and understand that application times D extreme difference is maximum, it was demonstrated that D because
Element is the principal element for influenceing Lygodium japonicum active ingredient total amount；B fertilizer formulas and fertilizer amount C are to influence Lygodium japonicum active ingredient
The secondary cause of total amount；Soil types A influences minimum on Lygodium japonicum active ingredient total amount.
5th, Lygodium japonicum density and base manure are tested
5.1 experimental design
The basically identical Lygodium japonicum Seeding planting of selection size, each cell 5cm in crop field2, it is colonized then in April, 2013
December determines.Using the orthogonal design of Three factors-levels, carry out following experiment：
Table 15, Lygodium japonicum density and base manure experimental design
| It is horizontal | A planting densities | B base manure formulas | C fertilizer (nitrogen) dosage |
| 1 | 20*20cm | Organic fertilizer | 12kg/ mus (20g/m2) |
| 2 | 40*40cm | Composite fertilizer | 8kg/ mus (13.3g/m2) |
| 3 | 60*20cm | Organic fertilizer+composite fertilizer | 4kg/ mus (6.7g/m2) |
5.2 experimental result
Table 16, Lygodium japonicum density and base manure experimental result
Table 17, Lygodium japonicum fertilizer experiment table
Always have to Lygodium japonicum yield and Lygodium japonicum to the result and table 17 of Lygodium japonicum yield effect from 16 each empirical factor of table
The variance analysis for imitating composition is understood：
Pass through the variance analysis of aerial part yield, the results showed that：A3B1C3 is influence Lygodium japonicum aerial part bio
The best of breed of amount, i.e. plantation density are 60*20cm, organic fertilizer, 4kg/ mus (6.7g/m2).A kinds are understood according to range analysis
The extreme difference of density in planting is maximum, it was demonstrated that A factors are to influence the principal element of Lygodium japonicum aerial part biological yield；Fertilizer formula B is
Influence the secondary cause of Lygodium japonicum aerial part biological yield；Fertilizer (nitrogen) dosage C influences minimum on Herba lygodii biological yield.
Pass through the total active ingredient variance analysis of aerial part, the results showed that：A3B1C3 is total to influence Lygodium japonicum active ingredient
The best of breed of amount, i.e. plantation density are 60*20cm, organic fertilizer, 4kg/ mus (6.7g/m2) the total active ingredient of Lygodium japonicum most
It is high.Understand that planting density A extreme difference is maximum from range analysis, it was demonstrated that A factors are the main of influence Lygodium japonicum active ingredient total amount
Factor；Base manure formula B is the secondary cause for influenceing Lygodium japonicum active ingredient total amount；Fertilizer (nitrogen) dosage C is effective to Lygodium japonicum
Composition total amount influences minimum.
6th, the winter management Comprehensive Experiment of Lygodium japonicum
In January, 2014 is tested, and December is measured.Using the horizontal experiment of 3 factor 2, to understand Lygodium japonicum at what
Plant yield highest under the conditions of the winter management of sample.It is organized as follows：
The winter management Comprehensive Experiment design factor and water-glass of table 18, Lygodium japonicum
The winter management Comprehensive Experiment result of table 19, Lygodium japonicum
It was found from the influence that 19 each empirical factor of table is planted to Lygodium japonicum：A1B2C1 (in late December, 2013, applies nitrogen phosphorus
Potassium three element compound fertilizer 80kg/ mus, cut off aerial part) treatment group is influences Lygodium japonicum aerial part medicinal material biological yield most
Good combination, its yield are 91.7g/ strains.Secondly A1B1C1 (in late December, 2013, pig manure 2500kg/ mus, does not cut off overground part
Point) treatment group Lygodium japonicum medicinal material biological yield is also very high.Thirdly A1B1C2 (in late December, 2013, pig manure 2500kg/ mus,
N-p-k three elements composite fertilizer 80kg/ mus, do not cut off aerial part) treatment group is also higher.
It was found from analysis of effective component compares：A2B2C1 (n-p-k three elements composite fertilizer 80kg/ mus, cuts off aerial part)
For treatment group to influence the optimal planting patterns combination of Lygodium japonicum effective medicinal components, active ingredient is 0.034g/ strains；Secondly A1B1C2
(in late December, 2013 pig manure 2500kg/ mus, not cutting off on the ground) treatment group active ingredient is 0.029g/ strains.
7th, brief summary
The Lygodium japonicum budding period is annual twice, is concentrated mainly on spring to early summer and autumn, by the end of November~12 month at the beginning of Lygodium japonicum
Stopped growing because enduring cold.The Lygodium japonicum plantation group Jinsha rattan root yield highest of floor file growth.It is colonized in 50% shade rate
Active ingredient total amount is high in Lygodium japonicum root yield and medicinal material.
A3B3C1D2 is the best of breed for influenceing Lygodium japonicum biological yield in the experiment of Lygodium japonicum fertilizer, i.e., in rice soil
Be colonized, apply the high potassium type fertilizer of high nitrogen type, fertilizer amount 3g/ strains, fertilising 2 times combination biological yields it is best；A2B3C3D3 is extra large to influence
The best of breed of Jinsha active ingredient total amount, i.e., it is colonized in tor soil, applies high nitrogen and potassium type fertilizer, fertilizer amount 1g/ strains, fertilising
The total active ingredient highest of individual plant Lygodium japonicum of 3 combinations.
A3B1C3 is the best of breed for influenceing Lygodium japonicum aerial part biological yield in Lygodium japonicum density and base manure experiment,
I.e. plantation density is 60*20cm, organic fertilizer, 4kg/ mus (6.7g/m2).A3B1C3 is to influence Lygodium japonicum active ingredient total amount
Best of breed, i.e. plantation density are 60*20cm, organic fertilizer, 4kg/ mus (6.7g/m2) the total active ingredient highest of Lygodium japonicum.
(late December applies n-p-k three elements composite fertilizer 80kg/ to A1B2C1 in the winter management Comprehensive Experiment of Lygodium japonicum
Mu, cut off aerial part before fertilising) treatment group for influence Lygodium japonicum aerial part medicinal material biological yield best of breed 91.7g/
Strain；A2B2C1 (n-p-k three elements composite fertilizer 80kg/ mus, cutting off aerial part) treatment group for influence Lygodium japonicum it is medicinal effectively into
Divide optimal planting patterns combination, active ingredient is 0.034g/ strains.
Described above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not makees any formal limitation to the present invention, though
So the present invention is disclosed above with preferred embodiment, but is not limited to the present invention, any familiar technology people of the invention
Member without departing from the scope of the present invention, when the technology contents using above-mentioned prompting make it is a little variation or be modified to
The equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations, as long as being the content without departing from technical solution of the present invention, the technical spirit pair according to the present invention
Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification that above example is made, in the range of still falling within the present invention program.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of implantation methods of Lygodium japonicum, it is characterised in that described implantation methods comprise the following steps：
1) selection of land：The soil of selection on the sunny side；
2) site preparation：Furrow are played on soil on the sunny side, fertilizer is uniformly spread on furrow face, furrow face is flattened after being turned over soil, dig field planting hole；
3) seedling from spore：Lygodium japonicum spore seed is collected, is seeded on spore seedbed, growth forms spore seedling；
4) it is colonized：Spore seedling is entered into the transplanting of luggage cup, then is colonized in the field planting hole that step 2) is dug；
5) field management：Observe survival rate after field planting, and weeding, loosen the soil, trim；
6) fertilizing management：Fertilizing management is carried out after field planting；
7) row irrigation management：Carry out row irrigation management；
8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
2. the implantation methods of Lygodium japonicum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 2), the described furrow that rise are
High 20cm, wide 120cm furrow；It is described that fertilizer is uniformly spread on to furrow face for every mu by well-rotted farmyard manure or matting 1000kg, compound
Fertile 30kg mixing, is uniformly spread on furrow face, furrow face is flattened after being turned over soil.
3. the implantation methods of Lygodium japonicum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 3), described spore seedbed
On spread matrix, thickness of sowing is 0.25~0.375g/m2, after planting cover 75%~90% shade net.
4. the implantation methods of Lygodium japonicum according to claim 3, it is characterised in that first used before the matrix of spore seedbed upper berth
Carbendazim sterilizes.
5. the implantation methods of Lygodium japonicum according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described matrix is peat soil, preferably
Peat soil through high-temperature sterilization.
6. the implantation methods of Lygodium japonicum according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the peat through high-temperature sterilization
The water content of soil is 28%~38%.
7. the implantation methods of Lygodium japonicum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 4), described field planting be by
Seeding row spacing 60cm × 20cm is colonized, and 8~14cm of the sporinite or/and 2~4cm of leaf of sporinite 3 spore seedling is selected during field planting.
8. the implantation methods of the Lygodium japonicum according to claim 1-7 any one, it is characterised in that described implantation methods
Also include winter management, described winter management is late December to apply n-p-k three elements composite fertilizer 80kg/ mus, and is cut off on the ground
Part.
9. the implantation methods of the Lygodium japonicum according to claim 1-8 any one, it is characterised in that described in step 1)
Soil on the sunny side is tor soil on the sunny side.
10. the implantation methods of the Lygodium japonicum according to claim 1-9 any one, it is characterised in that described fertilising pipe
Manage to apply three times, under fertilising for the first time is applied in field planting, second of fertilizer is applied after 3 months, third time fertilizer is applied after 6 months, applies high nitrogen
High potassium type fertilizer, fertilizer amount 1g/ strains.
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| CN102742447A (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2012-10-24 | 丰城市永生农业发展实业有限公司 | Artificial cultivation method for Japanese climbing fern spore |
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| CN115500265A (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2022-12-23 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Method for quickly sowing and breeding adiantum lotus leaf spores to obtain seedlings |
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