CN102742447A - Artificial cultivation method for Japanese climbing fern spore - Google Patents

Artificial cultivation method for Japanese climbing fern spore Download PDF

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CN102742447A
CN102742447A CN2012102633245A CN201210263324A CN102742447A CN 102742447 A CN102742447 A CN 102742447A CN 2012102633245 A CN2012102633245 A CN 2012102633245A CN 201210263324 A CN201210263324 A CN 201210263324A CN 102742447 A CN102742447 A CN 102742447A
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plant
spore
soil
planting
seedling
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CN102742447B (en
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江鹏
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FENGCHENG YONGFENG AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL Co Ltd
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FENGCHENG YONGFENG AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides an artificial cultivation method for Japanese climbing fern spore. The artificial cultivation method comprises plant division transplantation and spore cultivation. The plant division transplantation comprises enabling one stem section or a plurality of stem sections formed by transverse stem of a matured seedling plant according to a length to serve as plant divisions or enabling a plurality of small seedlings of the matured seedling plant according to natural growth to serve as plant divisions, planting the plant divisions in a field with one plant division as one planting unit, or first planting the plant divisions in a seedling bed and cultivating the plant divisions for 10-14 months, and then transplanting the plant divisions from the seedling bed to the field. The spore cultivation comprises sowing spore seeds in a spore seedling bed, controlling relative water content of matrix soil on the spore seedling bed to be 60%-90%, enabling the seeds to grow to form juvenile sporophyte or spore seedlings, and transplanting the spore seedlings to the field with the same environment as plant division transplantation; or first transplanting the juvenile sporophyte to a sun-shading land for a seedling nursery, enabling the juvenile sporophyte to grow for 4-5 months and then be transplanted to the field with the same environment as plant division transplantation in batches. Artificial cultivation of the Japanese climbing fern spore is achieved, the survival rate is high, the cultivation planting is standardized, market demand is met, and the high economic social values can be achieved.

Description

The artificial cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum
Technical field: the artificial cultivation method that the present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum, particularly a kind of Lygodium japonicum.
Background technology: Lygodium japonicum is called extra large gold sand, Jinsha rattan, left-hand rotation rattan etc., is the perennial draft of climbing up by holding on to, and belongs to pteridophyte, long 1-4m.Rhizome is carefully crawled, by fine and soft hair.Stem is thin and delicate, be hay look, adularescent microtriche.Leaf is that 1-2 returns winglike compound leaf, papery, and the two sides is all by fine and soft hair; Fertile pinna ovum shape triangle, long 12-20cm, wide 10-16cm, little leaf egg shape lanceolar, edge have warm tooth or irregular division, top leaflet stockless, pinniform or halberd shape, the bottom leaflet has handle; Sterile pinna point triangle, similar with fertile pinna usually, but be 1 time winglike compound leaf sometimes, leaflet is wealthy linear, or base section is cleaved into irregular small pieces.Sporangium is born in the back side of fertile pinna, becomes spike to arrange spike length 2-4mm, spore operculum flakey on the tooth and the sliver top of 2 times leaflets; Avette, every lid is given birth to a horizontal avette sporangium, endless belt adnation down; Assemble a place, sporangium is many to produce 5~November of spore phase in summer and autumn.
Lygodium japonicum can be controlled urinary tract infections as the Chinese herb medicine of disease preventing and treating, lithangiuria, and gonorrhoea, nephritic dropsy, abscess of throat, enteritis, dysentery, skin eczema, diseases such as herpes zoster, its drug effect purposes is used widely and is approved.Medical value height because of Lygodium japonicum; Market demand constantly increases, and causes wild Lygodium japonicum to be difficult to satisfy the needs in market, does not also see the research report that the artificial cultivation Lygodium japonicum is arranged at present; Lygodium japonicum is carried out artificial cultivation use, have vast market prospect and than the large economy benefit.
Summary of the invention: the present invention is exactly the artificial cultivation method that a kind of Lygodium japonicum will be provided, and has realized the artificial cultivation to Lygodium japonicum, and survival rate is high, and the market demand has been satisfied in the cultivating and growing standardization, can produce the high economic social value.
The artificial cultivation method of a kind of Lygodium japonicum of the present invention comprises the cultivation of plant division transplanting and spore; Said plant division is transplanted to be stipes one joint that forms by a length with the horizontal stem of Lao Miao plant or more piece or to be plant division with the Lao Miao plant by the some strains of the seedling of self-sow shape; With a plant division is that the unit of planting is in this plant division of field planting; Perhaps plant and cultivate this plant division 10-14 month, transplant to the land for growing field crops by the seedbed afterwards prior to the seedbed; The relative water content of the soil of planting in said land for growing field crops is 50-80%, and environmental temperature is 5-30 ℃;
The cultivation of said spore is that the spore seed is sowed on the spore seedbed, and the relative water content of matrix soil is 60-90% on the control spore seedbed, and growth forms juvenile sporophyte or spore seedling, again with the spore transplantation of seedlings in transplanting the land for growing field crops of equivalent environment with plant division; Or, transplanting nursery lot earlier in sunshade with juvenile sporophyte, growth 4-5 transplants after the month in transplanting the land for growing field crops of equivalent environment with plant division more in batches.
The artificial cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum of the present invention, preferred said each plant division comprise 3-5 and save the seedling 2-3 strain by the self-sow shape of horizontal stem stipes or Lao Miao plant; Each horizontal stem stipes is long to be 8-15cm.
The artificial cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum of the present invention; Said spore cultivation comprises that one is the arrangement of spore seedbed; Its matrix soil of spore seedbed is mixed with humus soil that sieves and the acid soil that sieves that accounts for humus soil 1/3-1/2, and this matrix soil is carried out sterilization, pesticide and disinfectant processing; The 2nd, the spore seeding and seedling raising is sowed the spore seed on said spore seedbed, and the relative water content of ground, control spore seedbed soil is 60-90%; Crown density 0.1-1, or shade rate 10-90%, environmental temperature is 15-26 ℃; Be grown to juvenile sporophyte, the 3rd, juvenile sporophyte is transplanted, and juvenile sporophyte is transplanted in flat furrow of fertile, loose sandy soil or high furrow nursery lot; The depth of planting of control juvenile sporophyte is 1-2 ㎝, planting density (10-15) * (5-8) ㎝; The control shade rate is 60-70%, and the relative water content of soil is 60-90%, growth 4-5 month, and individual plant is transplanted the land for growing field crops of extremely transplanting equivalent environment with plant division.
The land for growing field crops that plant division according to the invention is transplanted is meant that preferably to plant the ground soil layer deep, fertile hillside shrubbery, woodland or headland, or fences fragrant plant limit, and draining is good, slightly acidic sandy soil territory; Control land for growing field crops environmental temperature is 10-26 ℃, and the relative water content of soil is 60-80%; Air humidity 50-70%.
The artificial cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum of the present invention; Plant division is transplanted preferably the Lao Miao plant is carried out the field planting transplanting by the seedling plant division of self-sow shape on the land for growing field crops; The control planting density is 100 * 100 ㎝; Simultaneously plant species castor-oil plant and peppermint between on the land for growing field crops, and set up pillar in the axillary seedling next door, draw the climing upper prop of Lygodium japonicum simultaneously.
Described Lao Miao plant seedling is transplanted in plant division of the present invention or horizontal stem is growth 3-4 Lygodium japonicum plant seedling or horizontal stem.
The distance between rows and hills of planting that the artificial cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum of the present invention, said plant division are transplanted preferred control plant division is 100-150 ㎝, and the depth of planting is 30-50 ㎝, and planting density is (30-50) * (30-50) ㎝.
Lygodium japonicum of the present invention is planted in described land for growing field crops, and its air meets the secondary standard of GB 3095 and GB 9137 regulations; Quality of irrigation water meets the dry farming farmland irrigating water quality standard of GB 5084 and GB 3838 regulations; Soil meets the secondary standard of GB 15618 regulations.
The artificial cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum of the present invention is earlier with described plant division, transplants on the seedbed and cultivates 12 months, and control axillary seedling spacing in the rows is 10-15 ㎝, and the relative water content of soil is 60-90%, and the seedbed taken covers canopy, and the control shade rate is 20-80%.
The artificial cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum of the present invention is handled sterilization, the pesticide and disinfectant of matrix soil, is to irrigate matrix soil with boiling water, and the spore of other plant seed, tongue aquatic foods, algae, mushroom and other pteridophyte in the matrix soil is killed processing.
The artificial cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum of the present invention; Realized the wild provenance domestication plantation of Lygodium japonicum; Through the planting environment and the condition of control Lygodium japonicum, realized artificial cultivation that Lygodium japonicum is carried out, also realized increasing both production and income to Lygodium japonicum; Satisfy the productive life demand in market, have than the large economy social benefit.
Embodiment: below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is done further detailed description:
The cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum among the following embodiment, the growing environment of Lygodium japonicum, soil, water quality and air are pollution-free.Be air, should meet the secondary standard of GB 3095 and GB 9137 regulations.Water quality, irrigation water should meet the dry farming farmland irrigating water quality standard of GB 5084 and GB 3838 regulations.Soil should meet the secondary standard that GB 15618 stipulates.
Embodiment 1
The cultivation method of present embodiment Lygodium japonicum adopts plant division transplanting method direct transplanting in ventilated ground; Select about 3 years 4 years Lygodium japonicum Lao Miao plant of growth; Dig out it and horizontally walk horizontal stem, be cut into the stipes trifle about 10cm, or by plant natural production shape; Be divided into some Xiao Cong, the every clump of tool 3 joints-5 joints or 2 strains-3 strain seedling are made axillary seedling.That is to say that the 3-5 that each plant division includes about long 10cm saves horizontal stem stipes; Or the seedling of self-sow shape is pressed in the 2-3 strain with the Lao Miao plant; The axillary seedling of choosing is cut off the part terrestrial stem; Or the horizontal stem of Lygodium japonicum plants in planting of getting ready and promptly plants on the land for growing field crops on the ground, and the relative water content of the soil in control land for growing field crops is 50-80%, and environmental temperature is 5-30 ℃; Deep, the fertile hillside of preferred soil layer capable of using, land for growing field crops, shrubbery, woodland or headland or plant in fences fragrant plant limit utilize the hedge fragrant plant as its supporter of climbing up by holding on to.
Plantation is that field planting is transplanted preferably to adopt and dug the cave mode of planting, and the distance between rows and hills of plantation is at l00-150 ㎝, and the farmyard manure 1kg that whenever spreads manuer in holes during plantation plants seedling axillary seedling or horizontal stem trifle, and fill compaction irrigates normal root water.Specifically the process of planting is: ground is put in order in the land for growing field crops, promptly planting-site is ploughed deeply 40cm~50cm before transplanting, and smooth, be the wide 80cm of furrow, the dark 30cm that ditches, wide 30cm.Opening planting pit is that planting density is 30cm~40cm * 30cm~40cm, planting pit degree of depth 40cm~50cm.The 2nd, field planting, selecting implantation time generally is the March in November to next year with then, selects the cloudy day to carry out field planting usually and plants and be advisable.On the furrow of wide 100cm, plant delegation.Root system with seedling during field planting launches the organic commercial fertilizer of whenever spreading manuer in holes, ash, rapeseed cake fertilizer.Basal dressing cuts off withered plant, in order to growing the coming year before the winter-spring season plant germination.Set upright nursery stock, earthing to drowning root system, compacting.If pillar, Lygodium japonicum is climbing up by holding on to property plant, and artificial cultivation should be established pillar and draw climing upper prop, makes it climb up by holding on to growth, increases the phototrophy area.Irrigation and drainage management, in time carry out and dig trenches to drain the water away rainy season, should in time water to keep relative water content in the soil in high temperature and drought season, and air humidity is at 50-70%, and environmental temperature meets the requirements.Intertill and clean tillage, the seedling phase, plant growing is slow, is prone to grow weeds, and intertill and clean tillage keeps the loose no weeds in ground in good time, for the Lygodium japonicum growth provides good growing environment.
Fertilising when living, in conjunction with weeding, is executed chemically composited fertilizer around the plant root to newly taking out slightly.Choosing dusk or cloudy day, execute the Lygodium japonicum fertilizer for increasing production.Pest control method: contain the phase field in the activity of two spot brocade longicorn adults and trap and kill adult with black light lamp; Lygodium japonicum planting site, field planting expelling parasite plant castor-oil plant and peppermint; The 2nd, use swab, insert worm channel, the smoked kill larva.Gather, when spore was ripe, choosing was fine when early morning, dew was not dried, takes sporophyll, is put in the frame that is lined with paper or cloth, dries in lee, crumples gently then, shakes, and spore is ejected, and sifts out blade with dusting cover again and promptly gets the Lygodium japonicum spore; The Jinsha rattan of gathering can be cut off cauline leaf from ground, is cut into the long pipe nipple of 2cm one 3cm with chopper or scissors, dries or dry to get final product.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment is that employing is that axillary seedling is transplanted the plant division transplanting method on the seedbed earlier, and all the other method for planting are identical with embodiment 1 except that following explanation.Before growing seedlings plot, seedbed rake is carefully flattened; Make spacing in the rows 10cm~15cm; Build shading shed on the seedbed, control shade degree of closing is 20-70%, and the relative water content of soil is 60-90%; Axillary seedling transplanted earlier on the seedbed cultivate 10-14 month, transplant again on the above-mentioned ventilated ground land for growing field crops identical with routine 1; The environmental temperature in control land for growing field crops is 10-26 ℃, air humidity 50-70%, and the planting density of transplanting is 100 * 100 ㎝.
Embodiment 3
The artificial cultivation method of present embodiment Lygodium japonicum is to adopt the spore planting type.Said spore cultivation is that the spore seed is sowed on the spore seedbed; The relative water content of matrix soil is 50-90% on the control seedbed, crown density 0.1-1, or shade rate 10-90%; Growth forms juvenile sporophyte or spore seedling, again with the spore transplantation of seedlings in transplanting on the land for growing field crops of equivalent environment with plant division; Or juvenile sporophyte transplanted earlier in flat furrow of fertile, loose sandy soil or high furrow nursery lot, the depth of planting of control juvenile sporophyte is 1-2 ㎝, planting density (10-15) * (5-8) ㎝; The control shade rate is 60-70%, and the relative water content of soil is 60-90%, growth 4-5 month, and individual plant is transplanted to transplanting on the land for growing field crops of equivalent environment with plant division again.
Concrete cultivation comprises :Spore is gathered, and after Lygodium japonicum is embraced sub-maturation, the fertile frond sheet is cut in batches, is loaded in the sulfuric acid paper bag, seals mouth, is put in aeration-drying place, after 2-3 days, embraces sub from embrace ascus, the ejection naturally and falls in the bag, shakes out blade, sows immediately.As can not sow immediately, then be loaded in test tube or the little wide-mouth bottle, be put in and be saved to the next spring under 4 ℃ of environmental conditions and sow.
Spore seedbed: the preparation and the processing of spore medium of seedling bed soil: mixing the 1/3 acidity garden mould that sieves with the humus soil that sieves is planting-site soil, and the purpose of sieving is the matrix soil uniform particles that makes the spore seedbed, and is tiny; And be loaded in 18cm-20cm flowerpot or in the Seeding box or remaining ground, seedbed, with hand moving, make basin soil consolidation; Smooth; Put one deck blotting paper then, also can not put, ground, seedbed matrix soil is irrigated with boiling water; Boiling water is the boiling water temperature that boils after rising about 100 ℃, with the spore of the spermatophyte, tongue aquatic foods, algae, mushroom and other pteridophyte that kill other.Cover the basin mouth with plate glass or plastic foil again, in case other foreign material get into.
Sowing and management: after treating that matrix soil fully cools off on the seedbed, the Lygodium japonicum spore seed in the bag is broadcast on the seedbed on the matrix soil equably, seeding quantity is embraced son with the brown of maying be seen indistinctly on the matrix and is exceeded.After planting cover the basin mouth with plate glass or plastic foil again, to preserve moisture and to prevent that other foreign material from getting into.To sow basin and be put in no sunlight direct projection, and cultivate in the abundant place of scattered light.The nurturing period planted agent often keeps certain soil moisture, and the relative water content of usually controlling ground, spore seedbed soil is 60-90%, crown density 0.1-1, or shade rate 10-90%, and environmental temperature is 15-26 ℃.When 18 ℃-24 ℃ of temperature, see promptly about 15 days that embracing son sprouts, see filamentous, green prothallium appearred about 30 days, and grow then for the children and embrace daughter.Often water spray is preserved moisture, and to keep the relative moisture and the air humidity of soil, cultivates May~June, transplants in batches.
The spore cultivation: select fertile, loose sand, fully in small, broken bits, process wide flat furrow of l00cm or high furrow, the furrow face is put the thick humus soil that sieves of one deck 5cm, mixes thoroughly with table soil.Furrow soil should be soft in small, broken bits, and because of the full daughter root system of children is very tiny, soil particle is too thick, can influence the set of root system.Transplanted preceding 10 1 15 days, basin or seedbed covering are on the ground progressively opened with the refining seedling, make the children embrace daughter and progressively adapt to external environment.On soft furrow face, extrude the traverse furrow of dark about 1cm one 1.5cm during transplanting, line-spacing 10cm one 15cm embraces daughter with the children and is put in the ditch, and every separated 5cm is put a Xiao Cong, makes it surely just with ditch soil, sprays moistening.The scaffolding sunshade makes light transmittance 60% one 70%, cultivates and is grown to individual plant in one May of April, individual plant is gone out the garden transplant in the land for growing field crops.
The Lygodium japonicum quality that adopts the inventive method to produce: Lygodium japonicum, 1 grade of grade, diameter stem is more than or equal to 8 mm; Outward appearance, the spore powdery, pale brown look shows sem observation and observes down, and spore becomes tetrahedron, polar view obtuse triangle, the long 58-72um of pole axis, tool 3 cracks, perisporium tool warty decorative pattern; Feel, hand is twisted with the fingers has smooth feeling; Smell, gas is little, lightly seasoned.

Claims (10)

1. the artificial cultivation method of a Lygodium japonicum comprises the cultivation of plant division transplanting and spore; Said plant division is transplanted to be stipes one joint that forms by a length with the horizontal stem of Lao Miao plant or more piece or to be plant division with the Lao Miao plant by the some strains of the seedling of self-sow shape; With a plant division is that the unit of planting is in this plant division of field planting; Perhaps plant and cultivate this plant division 10-14 month, transplant to the land for growing field crops by the seedbed afterwards prior to the seedbed; The relative water content of the soil of planting in said land for growing field crops is 50-80%, and environmental temperature is 5-30 ℃;
The cultivation of said spore is that the spore seed is sowed on the spore seedbed, and the relative water content of matrix soil is 60-90% on the control spore seedbed, and growth forms juvenile sporophyte or spore seedling, again with the spore transplantation of seedlings in transplanting the land for growing field crops of equivalent environment with plant division; Or, transplanting nursery lot earlier in sunshade with juvenile sporophyte, growth 4-5 transplants after the month in transplanting the land for growing field crops of equivalent environment with plant division more in batches.
2. according to the artificial cultivation method of the described Lygodium japonicum of claim 1, it is characterized in that said each plant division comprises 3-5 and saves the seedling 2-3 strain by the self-sow shape of horizontal stem stipes or Lao Miao plant; Each horizontal stem stipes is long to be 8-15cm.
3. according to the artificial cultivation method of the described Lygodium japonicum of claim 1; It is characterized in that said spore cultivation comprises that one is the arrangement of spore seedbed; Its matrix soil of spore seedbed is mixed with humus soil that sieves and the acid soil that sieves that accounts for humus soil 1/3-1/2, and this matrix soil is carried out sterilization, pesticide and disinfectant processing; The 2nd, the spore seeding and seedling raising is sowed the spore seed on said spore seedbed, and the relative water content of ground, control spore seedbed soil is 60-90%; Crown density 0.1-1, or shade rate 10-90%, environmental temperature is 15-26 ℃; Be grown to juvenile sporophyte, the 3rd, juvenile sporophyte is transplanted, and juvenile sporophyte is transplanted in flat furrow of fertile, loose sandy soil or high furrow nursery lot; The depth of planting of control juvenile sporophyte is 1-2 ㎝, planting density (10-15) * (5-8) ㎝; The control shade rate is 60-70%, and the relative water content of soil is 60-90%, growth 4-5 month, and individual plant is transplanted the land for growing field crops of extremely transplanting equivalent environment with plant division.
4. according to the artificial cultivation method of the described Lygodium japonicum of claim 1, it is characterized in that land for growing field crops that plant division is transplanted is meant that to plant the ground soil layer deep, fertile hillside shrubbery, woodland or headland, or fences fragrant plant limit, draining is good, slightly acidic sandy soil territory; Control land for growing field crops environmental temperature is 10-26 ℃, and the relative water content of soil is 60-80%, air humidity 50-70%.
5. according to the artificial cultivation method of the described Lygodium japonicum of claim 1; It is characterized in that it is the Lao Miao plant to be carried out field planting by the seedling plant division of self-sow shape transplant that plant division is transplanted on the land for growing field crops; The control planting density is 100 * 100 ㎝; Simultaneously plant species castor-oil plant and peppermint between on the land for growing field crops, and set up pillar in the axillary seedling next door, draw the climing upper prop of Lygodium japonicum simultaneously.
6. according to the artificial cultivation method of the described Lygodium japonicum of claim 1, it is characterized in that described Lao Miao plant seedling is transplanted in plant division or horizontal stem is growth 3-4 Lygodium japonicum plant seedling or horizontal stem.
7. according to the artificial cultivation method of the described Lygodium japonicum of claim 1, it is characterized in that the distance between rows and hills of planting that said plant division transplanting is the control plant division is 100-150 ㎝, the depth of planting is 30-50 ㎝, and planting density is (30-50) * (30-50) ㎝.
8. according to the artificial cultivation method of the described Lygodium japonicum of claim 1, it is characterized in that Lygodium japonicum plants in described land for growing field crops, its air meets the secondary standard of GB 3095 and GB 9137 regulations; Quality of irrigation water meets the dry farming farmland irrigating water quality standard of GB 5084 and GB 3838 regulations; Soil meets the secondary standard of GB 15618 regulations.
9. according to the artificial cultivation method of the described Lygodium japonicum of claim 1, it is characterized in that, transplant on the seedbed and cultivated 12 months described plant division; Control axillary seedling spacing in the rows is 10-15 ㎝; The relative water content of soil is 60-90%, and the seedbed taken covers canopy, and the control shade rate is 20-80%.
10. according to the artificial cultivation method of the described Lygodium japonicum of claim 3; It is characterized in that sterilization, pesticide and disinfectant processing to matrix soil; Be to irrigate matrix soil, the spore of other plant seed, tongue aquatic foods, algae, mushroom and other pteridophyte in the matrix soil is killed processing with boiling water.
CN201210263324.5A 2012-07-27 2012-07-27 Artificial cultivation method for Japanese climbing fern spore Expired - Fee Related CN102742447B (en)

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CN104904445A (en) * 2014-03-14 2015-09-16 临安市高山珍稀药材培植研究所 Cultivation method for ternate grape fern herb
CN105794444A (en) * 2014-12-31 2016-07-27 桂林三金药业股份有限公司 Germination method for climbing fern spores
CN104920048A (en) * 2015-06-30 2015-09-23 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 Acclimatization transition method for improving transplanting survival rate of tissue culture seedlings of nicotiana tabacum K326
CN104920048B (en) * 2015-06-30 2017-06-16 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 A kind of hardening transition method for improving tobacco K326 tissue-cultured seedling transplanting survival rates
CN107593290A (en) * 2017-09-01 2018-01-19 桂林三金药业股份有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of Lygodium japonicum
CN108481831A (en) * 2018-03-06 2018-09-04 广州普邦园林股份有限公司 A kind of maintenance process of coastal region afforestation
CN109042116A (en) * 2018-07-27 2018-12-21 安徽千草源生态农业开发有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of high yield rhizoma polygonati

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