CN102742447B - Artificial cultivation method for Japanese climbing fern spore - Google Patents
Artificial cultivation method for Japanese climbing fern spore Download PDFInfo
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- CN102742447B CN102742447B CN201210263324.5A CN201210263324A CN102742447B CN 102742447 B CN102742447 B CN 102742447B CN 201210263324 A CN201210263324 A CN 201210263324A CN 102742447 B CN102742447 B CN 102742447B
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Abstract
The invention provides an artificial cultivation method for Japanese climbing fern spore. The artificial cultivation method comprises plant division transplantation and spore cultivation. The plant division transplantation comprises enabling one stem section or a plurality of stem sections formed by transverse stem of a matured seedling plant according to a length to serve as plant divisions or enabling a plurality of small seedlings of the matured seedling plant according to natural growth to serve as plant divisions, planting the plant divisions in a field with one plant division as one planting unit, or first planting the plant divisions in a seedling bed and cultivating the plant divisions for 10-14 months, and then transplanting the plant divisions from the seedling bed to the field. The spore cultivation comprises sowing spore seeds in a spore seedling bed, controlling relative water content of matrix soil on the spore seedling bed to be 60%-90%, enabling the seeds to grow to form juvenile sporophyte or spore seedlings, and transplanting the spore seedlings to the field with the same environment as plant division transplantation; or first transplanting the juvenile sporophyte to a sun-shading land for a seedling nursery, enabling the juvenile sporophyte to grow for 4-5 months and then be transplanted to the field with the same environment as plant division transplantation in batches. Artificial cultivation of the Japanese climbing fern spore is achieved, the survival rate is high, the cultivation planting is standardized, market demand is met, and the high economic social values can be achieved.
Description
technical field: the artificial cultivation method that the present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum, particularly a kind of Lygodium japonicum.
background technology: Lygodium japonicum is called extra large gold sand, Jinsha rattan, left-hand rotation rattan etc., is the perennial draft of climbing up by holding on to, and belongs to pteridophyte, long 1-4m.Rhizome is carefully crawled, by fine and soft hair.Stem is thin and delicate, be hay look, adularescent microtriche.Leaf is that 1-2 returns winglike compound leaf, papery, and two sides is all by fine and soft hair; Fertile pinna ovum shape triangle, long 12-20cm, wide 10-16cm, little leaf egg shape lanceolar, there are warm tooth or irregular division in edge, top leaflet stockless, pinniform or halberd shape, bottom leaflet has handle; Sterile pinna point triangle, conventionally similar to fertile pinna, but be 1 time winglike compound leaf sometimes, leaflet is wealthy linear, or base section is cleaved into irregular small pieces.Sporangium is born in the back side of fertile pinna, becomes spike to arrange, spike length 2-4mm, spore operculum flakey on tooth and the sliver top of 2 times leaflets, avette, raw one horizontal avette sporangium under every lid, endless belt adnation, assemble a place, sporangium is many to be produced in summer and autumn, 5～November of spore phase.
Lygodium japonicum, as the Chinese herb medicine of disease preventing and treating, can be controlled urinary tract infections, lithangiuria, and gonorrhoea, nephritic dropsy, abscess of throat, enteritis, dysentery, skin eczema, the diseases such as herpes zoster, its drug effect purposes is used widely and approves.Because of the medical value of Lygodium japonicum high, market demand constantly increases, and causes wild Lygodium japonicum to be difficult to meet the needs in market, and the research that now yet there are no artificial cultivation Lygodium japonicum is reported, Lygodium japonicum is carried out to artificial cultivation application, there is wide market prospects and larger economic benefit.
summary of the invention: the present invention is exactly the artificial cultivation method that a kind of Lygodium japonicum will be provided, and has realized the artificial cultivation to Lygodium japonicum, and survival rate is high, and cultivating and growing standardization, has met the market demand, can produce higher economic society and be worth.
The artificial cultivation method of a kind of Lygodium japonicum of the present invention, comprises plant division transplanting and spore cultivation; Described plant division transplant be stipes one joint that forms by a length with the horizontal stem of Lao Miao plant or more piece or taking Lao Miao plant by the some strains of the seedling of self-sow shape as plant division, taking a plant division as the unit of planting is in this plant division of field planting, or plant and cultivate this plant division 10-14 month prior to seedbed, transplanted to land for growing field crops by seedbed afterwards; The relative water content of the soil of planting in described land for growing field crops is 50-80%, and environmental temperature is 5-30 DEG C;
The cultivation of described spore is that spore seed is sowed on spore seedbed, and the relative water content of controlling matrix soil on spore seedbed is 60-90%, and growth forms juvenile sporophyte or spore seedling, then by spore transplantation of seedlings in transplanting the land for growing field crops of equivalent environment with plant division; Or by juvenile sporophyte, first transplant the nursery lot in sunshade, growth is transplanted after the 4-5 month in transplanting the land for growing field crops of equivalent environment with plant division in batches again.
The artificial cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum of the present invention, preferably described each plant division comprises 3-5 and saves horizontal stem stipes or Lao Miao plant by the seedling 2-3 strain of self-sow shape; Each horizontal stem stipes is long is 8-15cm.
The artificial cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum of the present invention, described spore cultivation comprises that one is that spore seedbed arranges, its matrix soil of spore seedbed is mixed with the humus soil sieving and the acid soil that sieves that accounts for humus soil 1/3-1/2, and this matrix soil is carried out to sterilization, pesticide and disinfectant processing; The 2nd, spore seeding and seedling raising, spore seed is sowed on described spore seedbed, the relative water content of controlling ground, spore seedbed soil is 60-90%, crown density 0.1-1, or shade rate 10-90%, environmental temperature is 15-26 DEG C, be grown to juvenile sporophyte, the 3rd, juvenile sporophyte is transplanted, and juvenile sporophyte is transplanted in the flat furrow of fertile, loose sandy soil or high furrow nursery lot, the depth of planting of controlling juvenile sporophyte is 1-2 ㎝, planting density (10-15) × (5-8) ㎝; Control shade rate is 60-70%, and the relative water content of soil is 60-90%, growth 4-5 month, and individual plant is transplanted the land for growing field crops of extremely transplanting equivalent environment with plant division.
The land for growing field crops that plant division of the present invention is transplanted preferably refers to that to plant ground soil layer deep, fertile hillside shrubbery, woodland or headland, or fences fragrant plant limit, and draining is good, slightly acidic sandy soil territory; Controlling land for growing field crops environmental temperature is 10-26 DEG C, and the relative water content of soil is 60-80%; Air humidity 50-70%.
The artificial cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum of the present invention, plant division is transplanted and preferably Lao Miao plant is carried out to field planting transplanting by the seedling plant division of self-sow shape on land for growing field crops, controlling planting density is 100 × 100 ㎝, Plants castor-oil plant and peppermint between simultaneously on land for growing field crops, and set up pillar in axillary seedling side, draw the climing upper prop of Lygodium japonicum simultaneously.
Described Lao Miao plant seedling is transplanted in plant division of the present invention or horizontal stem is growth 3-4 Lygodium japonicum plant seedling or horizontal stem.
The artificial cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum of the present invention, the distance between rows and hills of planting that preferably control plant division is transplanted in described plant division is 100-150 ㎝, and the depth of planting is 30-50 ㎝, and planting density is (30-50) × (30-50) ㎝.
Lygodium japonicum of the present invention is planted in described land for growing field crops, and its air meets the secondary standard that GB 3095 and GB 9137 specify; Quality of irrigation water meets the Dry Farmland irrigation water quality standard that GB 5084 and GB 3838 specify; Soil meets the secondary standard that GB 15618 specifies.
The artificial cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum of the present invention is first by described plant division, transplants and on seedbed, cultivates 12 months, and controlling axillary seedling spacing in the rows is 10-15 ㎝, and the relative water content of soil is 60-90%, and seedbed is taken and covered canopy, and control shade rate is 20-80%.
The artificial cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum of the present invention, the sterilization to matrix soil, pesticide and disinfectant processing, be to irrigate matrix soil with boiling water, the spore of, algae fresh to other plant seed in matrix soil, tongue, mushroom and other pteridophyte is killed processing.
The artificial cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum of the present invention, realize the wild provenance domestication plantation of Lygodium japonicum, by controlling planting environment and the condition of Lygodium japonicum, realize the artificial cultivation that Lygodium japonicum is carried out, also realized the increasing both production and income to Lygodium japonicum, the productive life demand that meets market, has larger economic and social benefits.
embodiment: below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:
The cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum in embodiment below, the growing environment of Lygodium japonicum, soil, water quality and air are pollution-free.Be air, should meet the secondary standard that GB 3095 and GB 9137 specify.Water quality, irrigation water should meet the Dry Farmland irrigation water quality standard that GB 5084 and GB 3838 specify.Soil, should meet the secondary standard that GB 15618 specifies.
embodiment 1
The cultivation method of the present embodiment Lygodium japonicum adopts plant division transplanting method directly to transplant in ventilated ground, select approximately 3 years 4 years Lygodium japonicum Lao Miao plant of growth, dig out its horizontal walk horizontal stem, be cut into the stipes trifle of 10cm left and right, or by plant natural production shape, be divided into some little Cong, the every clump of tool 3 saves-5 joints or 2 strain-3 strain seedlings are made axillary seedling.That is to say that the 3-5 that each plant division includes about long 10cm saves horizontal stem stipes, or the seedling of self-sow shape is pressed in 2-3 strain with Lao Miao plant, the axillary seedling of choosing is cut off to part terrestrial stem, or the horizontal stem of Lygodium japonicum is planted in planting of getting ready and is planted on land for growing field crops on the ground, the relative water content of controlling the soil in land for growing field crops is 50-80%, and environmental temperature is 5-30 DEG C; Land for growing field crops preferably can utilize deep, the fertile hillside of soil layer, shrubbery, woodland or headland or plant in fences fragrant plant limit, the supporter that utilizes hedge fragrant plant to climb up by holding on to as it.
Plantation is that field planting is transplanted and can preferably be adopted and dig cave mode of planting, and the distance between rows and hills of plantation is at l00-150 ㎝, and the farmyard manure 1kg that often spreads manuer in holes when plantation, plants seedling axillary seedling or horizontal stem trifle, and fill compaction, irrigates normal root water.Specifically the process of planting is: whole ground is carried out in land for growing field crops, planting-site is ploughed deeply before transplanting 40cm～50cm, and smooth, be the wide 80cm of furrow, the dark 30cm that ditches, wide 30cm.Opening planting pit is that planting density is 30cm～40cm × 30cm～40cm, planting pit degree of depth 40cm～50cm.The 2nd, field planting, selecting implantation time is generally the March in November to next year with then, conventionally selects the cloudy day to carry out field planting and plants and be advisable.On the furrow of wide 100cm, plant a line.When field planting, the root system of seedling is launched to the organic commercial fertilizer of often spreading manuer in holes, ash, rapeseed cake fertilizer.Basal dressing, cuts off withered plant, in order to growing the coming year before winter-spring season plant germination.Righting nursery stock, earthing is to drowning root system, compacting.If pillar, Lygodium japonicum is climbing up by holding on to property plant, and artificial cultivation should be established pillar and draw climing upper prop, makes its climbing growth, increases phototrophy area.Irrigation and drainage management, carry out and dig trenches to drain the water away rainy season in time, and hot-dry season should water to keep relative water content in soil in time, and air humidity is at 50-70%, and environmental temperature meets the requirements.Intertill and clean tillage, Seedling Stage, plant growth is slow, easily grows weeds, and intertill and clean tillage in good time keeps ground loose without weeds, for Lygodium japonicum growth provides good growing environment.
Fertilising, to newly slightly when pumping, in conjunction with weeding, executes chemically composited fertilizer around plant root.Choosing dusk or cloudy day, execute Lygodium japonicum fertilizer for increasing production.Pest control method: contain phase field in the activity of Acalolepta sublusca adult and use black light lamps adult; Lygodium japonicum planting site, field planting expelling parasite plant castor-oil plant and peppermint; The 2nd, with swab, insert worm channel, smoked kill larva.Gather, in the time that spore is ripe, while selecting fine day dew in early morning not dry, take sporophyll, be put in the frame that is lined with paper or cloth, dry in lee, then crumple gently, shake, spore is ejected, then sift out blade with dusting cover and obtain Lygodium japonicum spore; The Jinsha rattan of gathering can be cut off cauline leaf from ground, is cut into the pipe nipple of 2cm mono-3cm length with chopper or scissors, dries or dries.
embodiment 2
The present embodiment is that employing is that axillary seedling is first transplanted to the plant division transplanting method on seedbed, and except following explanation, all the other method for planting are identical with embodiment 1.Before growing seedlings, flatten thin plot, seedbed rake, make spacing in the rows 10cm～15cm, on seedbed, build shading shed, controlling shade degree of closing is 20-70%, the relative water content of soil is 60-90%, axillary seedling is first transplanted and on seedbed, cultivated 10-14 month, then transplant on above-mentioned land for growing field crops, ventilated ground same as Example 1; The environmental temperature of controlling land for growing field crops is 10-26 DEG C, air humidity 50-70%, and the planting density of transplanting is 100 × 100 ㎝.
embodiment 3
The artificial cultivation method of the present embodiment Lygodium japonicum is to adopt spore planting type.Described spore cultivation is that spore seed is sowed on spore seedbed, the relative water content of controlling matrix soil on seedbed is 50-90%, crown density 0.1-1, or shade rate 10-90%, growth forms juvenile sporophyte or spore seedling, then by spore transplantation of seedlings in transplanting on the land for growing field crops of equivalent environment with plant division; Or juvenile sporophyte is first transplanted in the flat furrow of fertile, loose sandy soil or high furrow nursery lot, the depth of planting of controlling juvenile sporophyte is 1-2 ㎝, planting density (10-15) × (5-8) ㎝; Control shade rate is 60-70%, and the relative water content of soil is 60-90%, growth 4-5 month, then individual plant is transplanted to transplanting on the land for growing field crops of equivalent environment with plant division.
Concrete cultivation comprises
:spore gathers, and embraces after sub-maturation at Lygodium japonicum, and fertile frond sheet is cut in batches, is loaded in sulfuric acid paper bag, seals mouth, is put in aeration-drying place, after 2-3 days, embraces son and naturally ejects and fall in bag from embrace ascus, shakes out blade, sows immediately.As do not sowed immediately, be loaded in test tube or little wide-mouth bottle, be put in and under 4 DEG C of environmental conditions, be saved to the next spring and sow.
Spore seedbed: preparation and the processing of spore medium of seedling bed soil: mixing the 1/3 acidity garden mould that sieves with the humus soil that sieves is planting-site soil, the object of sieving is the matrix soil uniform particles that makes spore seedbed, tiny, and be loaded in 18cm-20cm flowerpot or in Seeding box or remaining seedbed on the ground, with hand moving, make basin soil consolidation, smooth, then put one deck blotting paper, also can not put, with boiling water to seedbed on the ground matrix soil irrigate, boiling water is the boiling water temperature boiling after rising 100 DEG C of left and right, to kill other spermatophyte, tongue is fresh, algae, the spore of mushroom and other pteridophyte.Cover basin mouth with plate glass or plastic foil again, in case other foreign material enter.
Sowing and management: after matrix soil on seedbed is fully cooling, the Lygodium japonicum spore seed in bag is sown on seedbed on matrix soil equably, seeding quantity is embraced son with the brown of maying be seen indistinctly in matrix and is limited.After planting cover basin mouth with plate glass or plastic foil again, with moisturizing with prevent that other foreign material from entering.Sowing basin is put in without direct sunlight, and cultivate in the abundant place of scattered light.Nurturing period planted agent often keeps certain soil moisture, and the relative water content of usually controlling ground, spore seedbed soil is 60-90%, crown density 0.1-1, or shade rate 10-90%, and environmental temperature is 15-26 DEG C.In the time of 18 DEG C-24 DEG C of temperature, about 15 days, see that embracing son sprouts, see filamentous, about 30 days, there is green prothallium, then grow and embrace daughter for children.Often water spray moisturizing, to keep relative moisture and the air humidity of soil, cultivates May～June, transplants in batches.
Spore cultivation: select fertile, loose sand, fully in small, broken bits, make the wide flat furrow of l00cm or high furrow, furrow face is put the humus soil that sieves that one deck 5cm is thick, mixes thoroughly with table soil.Furrow soil should be soft in small, broken bits, and because the full daughter root system of children is very tiny, soil particle is too thick, can affect the set of root system.Transplant first 10 1 15 days, basin or seedbed covering on the ground are progressively opened with hardening, make children embrace daughter and progressively adapt to external environment.When transplanting, on soft furrow face, extrude the traverse furrow of dark about 1cm mono-1.5cm, line-spacing 10cm mono-15cm, embraces daughter by children and is put in ditch, puts a little Cong every 5cm, makes it surely just with ditch soil, sprays moistening.Scaffolding sunshade, makes light transmittance 60% one 70%, cultivates and is grown to individual plant in one May of April, individual plant is gone out to garden and transplant in land for growing field crops.
The Lygodium japonicum quality that adopts the inventive method to produce: Lygodium japonicum, 1 grade of grade, diameter stem is more than or equal to 8 mm; Outward appearance, spore powdery, brown color, observes under aobvious sem observation, and spore becomes tetrahedron, polar view obtuse triangle, the long 58-72um of pole axis, tool 3 cracks, perisporium tool warty decorative pattern; Feel, hand is twisted with the fingers smooth feeling; Smell, gas is micro-, lightly seasoned.
Claims (4)
1. an artificial cultivation method for Lygodium japonicum, comprises plant division transplanting and spore cultivation; Described plant division transplant be stipes one joint that forms by a length with the horizontal stem of Lao Miao plant or more piece or taking Lao Miao plant by the some strains of the seedling of self-sow shape as plant division, taking a plant division as the unit of planting is in this plant division of field planting, or plant and cultivate this plant division 10-14 month prior to seedbed, transplanted to land for growing field crops by seedbed afterwards; The relative water content of the soil of planting in described land for growing field crops is 50-80%, and environmental temperature is 5-30 DEG C;
The cultivation of described spore is that spore seed is sowed on spore seedbed, and the relative water content of controlling matrix soil on spore seedbed is 60-90%, and growth forms juvenile sporophyte or spore seedling, then by spore transplantation of seedlings in transplanting the land for growing field crops of equivalent environment with plant division; Or by juvenile sporophyte, first transplant the nursery lot in sunshade, growth is transplanted after the 4-5 month in transplanting the land for growing field crops of equivalent environment with plant division in batches again;
Described each plant division comprises 3-5 and saves horizontal stem stipes or Lao Miao plant by the seedling 2-3 strain of self-sow shape; Each horizontal stem stipes is long is 8-15cm;
Described spore cultivation comprises that one is that spore seedbed arranges, and its matrix soil of spore seedbed is mixed with the humus soil sieving and the acid soil that sieves that accounts for humus soil 1/3-1/2, and this matrix soil is carried out to sterilization, pesticide and disinfectant processing; The 2nd, spore seeding and seedling raising, sows spore seed on described spore seedbed;
It is characterized in that: the relative water content of controlling ground, spore seedbed soil is 60-90%, crown density 0.1-1, or shade rate 10-90%, environmental temperature is 15-26 DEG C, be grown to juvenile sporophyte, juvenile sporophyte is transplanted in the flat furrow of fertile, loose sandy soil or high furrow nursery lot, and the depth of planting of controlling juvenile sporophyte is 1-2 ㎝, planting density (10-15) × (5-8) ㎝; Control shade rate is 60-70%, and the relative water content of soil is 60-90%, and individual plant is transplanted the land for growing field crops of extremely transplanting equivalent environment with plant division;
Described to matrix soil carry out sterilization, pesticide and disinfectant processing be with boiling water to seedbed on the ground matrix soil irrigate, boiling water is the boiling water temperature boiling after rising 100 DEG C of left and right, and to kill, other spermatophyte, tongue is fresh, the spore of algae, mushroom and other pteridophyte;
Described artificial cultivation method comprises pest control method, contains phase field in the activity of Acalolepta sublusca adult, uses black light lamps adult; Lygodium japonicum planting site, field planting expelling parasite plant castor-oil plant and peppermint; The 2nd, with swab, insert worm channel, smoked kill larva.
2. according to the artificial cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum claimed in claim 1, the land for growing field crops that plant division is transplanted refers to that to plant ground soil layer deep, fertile hillside shrubbery, woodland or headland, or fences fragrant plant limit, and draining is good, slightly acidic sandy soil territory; It is characterized in that controlling land for growing field crops environmental temperature is 10-26 DEG C, and the relative water content of soil is 60-80%, air humidity 50-70%.
3. according to the artificial cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that Lygodium japonicum plants in described land for growing field crops, its air meets the secondary standard that GB 3095 and GB 9137 specify; Quality of irrigation water meets the Dry Farmland irrigation water quality standard that GB 5084 and GB 3838 specify; Soil meets the secondary standard that GB 15618 specifies.
4. according to the artificial cultivation method of Lygodium japonicum claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, by described plant division, transplanting and on seedbed, cultivating 12 months, controlling axillary seedling spacing in the rows is 10-15 ㎝, the relative water content of soil is 60-90%, and seedbed is taken and covered canopy, and control shade rate is 20-80%.
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| CN104904445A (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2015-09-16 | 临安市高山珍稀药材培植研究所 | Cultivation method for ternate grape fern herb |
| CN105794444A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-07-27 | 桂林三金药业股份有限公司 | Germination method for climbing fern spores |
| CN104920048B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-06-16 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | A kind of hardening transition method for improving tobacco K326 tissue-cultured seedling transplanting survival rates |
| CN107593290A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2018-01-19 | 桂林三金药业股份有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Lygodium japonicum |
| CN108481831A (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2018-09-04 | 广州普邦园林股份有限公司 | A kind of maintenance process of coastal region afforestation |
| CN109042116A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-21 | 安徽千草源生态农业开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of high yield rhizoma polygonati |
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| CN1902996A (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2007-01-31 | 深圳市铁汉园林绿化有限公司 | Plant slope protection method for low maintenance of exposed rock mass slope |
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| CN1902996A (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2007-01-31 | 深圳市铁汉园林绿化有限公司 | Plant slope protection method for low maintenance of exposed rock mass slope |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 海金沙的引种及栽培;魏德生等;《中草药》;19981231;第29卷(第7期);第483页第2节 * |
| 魏德生等.海金沙的引种及栽培.《中草药》.1998,第29卷(第7期), |
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