CN103444520A

CN103444520A - Breeding technology of novel strawberry virus-free seedling

Info

Publication number: CN103444520A
Application number: CN 201210176614
Authority: CN
Inventors: 史腊虎
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2012-05-29
Filing date: 2012-05-29
Publication date: 2013-12-18

Abstract

The invention discloses a breeding technology of a novel strawberry virus-free seedling. The breeding technology mainly comprises breeding a virus-free tube seedling, breeding a net chamber foremother seedling, breeding an open field female parent seedling and breeding a commercial seedling. In the breeding technology, the virus-free tube seedling breeding process is most important and mainly comprises medium preparation, shoot tip cutting collection, culture temperature setting, breeding enlargement, rooting and seedling hardening. The processes of breeding the net chamber foremother seedling, breeding the open field female parent seedling and breeding the commercial seedling can be learned and used easily.

Description

A kind of raising technology of novel strawberry detoxic seedling

Technical field

The invention belongs to strawberry seedling growing process field, be specifically related to a kind of raising technology of strawberry detoxic seedling.

Background technology

Strawberry is as herbaceous plant, and its breeding is to using the stolon seedling that maternal plant forms to carry out as the mode of sub-seedling.Once infect virus, maternal plant is directly passed to the offspring.After vegetative propagation for many years, in the plant body, a large amount of accumulation virus, cause serious deterioration of variety phenomenon.For addressing this problem, China had introduced dozens of detoxification strawberry cultivars from countries such as Japan, the U.S., France, Holland, Spain once in recent years, and its initial performance is all fairly good.But after planting several years, kind property starts to degenerate, and output descends year by year, and growth potential dies down.Its basic reason is after these detoxic seedlings are introduced, the isolation breeding of method that domestic shortage is strict, re-infection and accumulated virus in the seedling breeding process.The effective way addressed this problem is utilized biotechnology exactly, annual good strawberry cultivars is carried out to stem apex detoxify, and breeds to produce under strict isolation condition and use seedling.

The U.S., Japan and some national detoxification strawberry cultivating areas of Europe account for more than 80% of whole area under cultivations at present, have greatly improved the yield and quality of strawberry fruit.In Japan, after utilizing the detoxification Strawberry Seedlings, its fruit yield reaches 4t/667m2.The author once, on the Chenghai in Shantou, the ground such as Donggang City in Dandong, utilized Spain's kind---and not the detoxic seedling of outstanding Leah is planted experimentally, and its fruit yield surpasses 3000kg/667m2, and fruit is neat, lovely luster, the output value surpasses more than a times of the native breed output value.

At present, the band of China strawberry poison phenomenon is very serious, and per mu yield is generally all below 1500kg.If adopt virus-elimination seedlings in production, the per unit area yield of strawberry fruit is expected to improve 30%～60%.Therefore, aspect China's strawberry production, study and utilize the detoxification technology of strawberry the detoxic seedling breeding of method of Erecting and improving to compare cultivation and promote new varieties even more important.Can say, adopting nontoxic strawberry seedling is the trend of cultivated strawberry development.

Summary of the invention

Below detoxification and the isolation reproductive process work one of strawberry seedling are briefly introduced.

1, the acquisition of non-toxic test-tube seedling

The shoot apical meristem of strawberry is not with virus.Select strawberry improved seeds both domestic and external, cut its shoot apical meristem and carry out cultured in vitro, induce the seedling made new advances, the plant obtained like this is called test-tube plantlet.

1.1, the preparation of medium

What the strawberry stem tip cultivation was the most frequently used is MS medium or white medium.Separately add some trace elements and plant growth regulating substance, be beneficial to division and the growth (not repeating in this literary composition of its preparation process) of shoot apical meristem.

1.2, the cutting of stem apex

The stem apex of strawberry is drawn materials and is adopted the growing point of the stolon of growing for 8～September to be advisable.In conjunction with thermal treatment, to get with a leaf primordium, the stem apex of long 0.3～0.5mm is better.The shoot apical meristem taken off is inoculated on previously prepared good medium.

1.3, condition of culture

Cultivation temperature is advisable with 22～25 ℃, and intensity of illumination is about 3000Lx, during illumination, asks as 15～18 hours every days.Cultivation through 50～60 days, can differentiate immature plant, then cultivate 2 months, and plant can grow 4～5 leaves.At this moment can carry out culture of rootage.

1.4, expanding propagation

For improving reproduction rate, desirable newly sprouting carried out the subculture cultivation, obtains the bud clump that a lot of axillalry buds form.Get well-grown, and the new stem that has grown several normal blades carries out culture of rootage, remaining budlet is cultivated again.

1.5, take root

Root induction can carry out on special root media (increasing the concentration of heteroauxin in medium), and it can promote the growth of root.Can also in medium, add again appropriate active carbon, make root system loose ventilative.But strawberry is easy rooting plant, if utilize root-inducing powder to induce, can be at outside sprout-cultivating-bottle.Specific practice is: will there is the new stem of unrooted of 3～5 leaves, after with root-inducing powder, soaking basal part of stem, plant in sterile perlite or vermiculite, with plastic film, cover moisturizing, but root of hair after 15～20 days.

1.6, hardening

When seedling, to grow to 3～5cm high, and after root of hair, should in time seedling be forwarded in nutritive cube.Compost used must pass through high-temperature sterilization.Cultivation temperature now is 20～25 ℃, the Fluctuation temperature culture better effects if.Note often water spray, keep ground moistening.Through the hardening of 2 months, can adapt to the weather conditions in field, so far, the whole plant obtained is called the laboratory seedling.

2, the ancestral of solarium female parent seedling breeds

Seldom, cost is high, needs further expanding propagation for the laboratory seedling quantity formed due to above process.This operating process must be taked very strict quarantine measures, should prevent that airborne aphid from passing poison, prevents again nematode, fungi and viral infecting in soil.

Specific practice:

(1) airborne aphid isolation: build up solarium with 40 purpose nylon screens, to completely cut off in airborne aphid and other insect enter, break off airborne viral source.

(2) isolation of compost: make wide 1.5m in solarium, the trough gutter of dark 25～30cm, then coated with plastic foil and soil isolation.Making ，Zai Jiang seedbed, seedbed with the immature soil of the peat composed of rotten mosses and underground deep layer with the ratio mixing of 1: 1 in ditch sterilizes with formaldehyde.

(3) plantation density: every furrow field planting 1 row, spacing in the rows 35cm, the field planting time is generally in 3～May.General reproduction coefficient is 50～80 times.At later stages, young plant all covers the furrow face.The young plant that breed this solarium is called ancestral's female parent seedling.

3, the open country female parent seedling breeds

The limited amount of ancestral's female parent seedling that solarium produces, cost is very high, is difficult to meet large-scale industrialization production.Open country by these ancestral's female parent seedlings at high and cold area continues to expand a numerous generation, and this Dai Zimiao is called female parent seedling.Therefore the climatic characteristic of high and cold area is: cool night, and damage by disease and insect is few, and soil is clean, infects viral chance few.And the regional weather conditions that cool relatively are applicable to growing of strawberry, the young plant stalwartness of cultivating.

Specific practice: at high and cold area, select to be rich in organic sandy loam plot, every mu applies the chicken manure 2～3m 3 become thoroughly decomposed, and then ploughs deeply soil, makes the wide long furrow of 1.5m, and length can be determined according to the convenience of watering.Every furrow field planting 1 row, spacing in the rows 40cm, every mu with about 1000 strains of ancestral's female parent seedling.The field planting time is 4～May.General reproduction coefficient is 60 times.This stolon seedling of being bred by high and cold area is called female parent seedling.

4, commercial seedling breeds

Female parent seedling continues to breed generation production and is commercial seedling with seedling.Commercial seedling divides again Miao He plateau, Plain seedling.Breeding of Plain seedling is generally to carry out in northern strawberry producing region, and the field management of this class seedling is similar with female parent seedling.Commercial seedling grows into autumn, selects the plant lifting of robust growth and is colonizated in immediately the production field, for producing fruit spring next year.The plateau seedling breed the fruit production that is mainly used in southern area, be selected in the area that latitude and height above sea level are higher numerous seedling.After entering September, temperature descends gradually, starts to induce the differentiation of bud.Formed full bud to mid-October, lifting transport southern area to, carry out the strawberry production in winter immediately.This plateau seedling can improve the yield and quality of fruit greatly.

Claims

1. the raising technology of a novel strawberry detoxic seedling, is characterized in that the acquisition by the non-toxic test-tube seedling, is mainly the preparation of medium, and what the strawberry stem tip cultivation was the most frequently used is MS medium or white medium.Separately add some trace elements and plant growth regulating substance, be beneficial to division and the growth (its preparation process does not repeat) of shoot apical meristem.

2. the raising technology of a kind of novel strawberry detoxic seedling according to claim 1, is characterized in that cutting of stem apex.The stem apex of strawberry is drawn materials and is adopted the growing point of the stolon of growing for 8～September to be advisable.In conjunction with thermal treatment, to get with a leaf primordium, the stem apex of long 0.3～0.5mm is better.The shoot apical meristem taken off is inoculated on previously prepared good medium.

3. the raising technology of a kind of novel strawberry detoxic seedling according to claim 2, is characterized in that cultivation temperature is advisable with 22～25 ℃, and intensity of illumination is about 3000Lx, and light application time is 15～18 hours every days.

4. the raising technology of a kind of novel strawberry detoxic seedling according to claim 3, it is characterized in that breeding of the ancestral of solarium female parent seedling, this operating process must be taked very strict quarantine measures, should prevent that airborne aphid from passing poison, prevent again nematode, fungi and viral infecting in soil.

5. the raising technology of a kind of novel strawberry detoxic seedling according to claim 4, is characterized in that getting well-grown, and the new stem that has grown several normal blades carries out culture of rootage, and remaining budlet is cultivated again.

6. the raising technology of a kind of novel strawberry detoxic seedling according to claim 5, is characterized in that in solarium making wide 1.5m, and the trough gutter of dark 25～30cm, then coated with plastic foil and soil isolation.Making ，Zai Jiang seedbed, seedbed with the immature soil of the peat composed of rotten mosses and underground deep layer with the ratio mixing of 1: 1 in ditch sterilizes with formaldehyde.

7. the raising technology of a kind of novel strawberry detoxic seedling according to claim 6 is characterized in that plantation density: every furrow field planting 1 row, and spacing in the rows 35cm, the field planting time is generally in 3～May.General reproduction coefficient is 50～80 times.