CN113133374B - Planting method for delaying degradation of tree peony in south of the Yangtze river - Google Patents
Planting method for delaying degradation of tree peony in south of the Yangtze river Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of delaying degradation of tree peony in the south of the Yangtze river, and discloses a planting method for delaying degradation of tree peony in the south of the Yangtze river, which comprises the following steps of firstly, improving a soil structure; step two, constructing a drainage pipe network; step three, planting shading tree seeds and building a shading net; step four, selecting and collocating peony varieties; step five, timely high-stage and high-ridge planting; and step six, managing after planting. The invention improves the survival rate of seedlings in the southern area, reduces the breeding of plant diseases and insect pests, delays the degradation of peony plants, and improves the ornamental value of the peony and the benefit of the peony garden.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of delaying degradation of tree peony in the south of the Yangtze river, in particular to a planting method for delaying degradation of tree peony in the south of the Yangtze river.
Background
Peony is a special flower germplasm resource of original China, has a cultivation history of over 1600 years in China, has good ornamental, medicinal and oil equivalent values, is also the best alternative flower species of China's national flowers', and is widely used as a prop industry for large-area concentrated planting development in China.
Along with the rapid development of the economy in China, areas such as Henan Luoyang, shandong lotus, anhui copper tomb and Gansu Lin/27950 which are areas where peony is traditionally planted are all built with peony industry gathering areas, and all areas of China are irradiated with the areas. With the acceleration of commercialized circulation of peony seedlings, construction of the peony garden is rapidly developed in all regions of the country, but the problems of low seedling survival rate, multiple diseases and insect pests, rapid plant degradation, even a large number of dead seedlings and the like occur, in particular to the problem of seedling degradation of the peony garden in the south of the Yangtze river, so that the seedling is forced to be frequently replaced by the garden, and the peony planting land is transformed. Therefore, exploration of planting technical measures for effectively solving the seedling degradation problem of the tree peony garden in the south of the Yangtze river is imperative. Based on the technical problems in the prior art, the inventor develops a planting method for delaying degradation of the tree peony in the south of the Yangtze river, and can solve the technical problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a planting method for delaying degradation of tree peony in south China.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a planting method for delaying degradation of tree peony in the south of the river,
step one, improving a soil structure: at the beginning of 12 months, the peony plots are deeply ploughed for more than 40cm, raked is not needed, and natural weathering is carried out in winter; in the beginning of 2 months in the next year, the surface layer of the peony plot is covered with river sand, and the average thickness is 35cm; planting green manure for 3-7 months; 8-9 months, deeply ploughing green manure, stubble cleaning and returning to the field, applying 15kg of 46% urea and 200kg of organic fertilizer special for organic peony per mu before deep ploughing, and simultaneously finely ploughing and finely cropping for later use;
step two, building a drainage pipe network: the construction of a drainage pipe network is combined with the paving of a garden road or an irrigation water network;
step three, planting shading tree seeds and building a sunshade net: 1. planting of the tree peony of the forest: the tree species of the shading tree is selected from the tree species of the falling tree which has the advantages of late germination, early falling leaves, strong stress resistance and good ornamental value and has no common host with the tree species of the peony diseases and insect pests; 2. building a sunshade: before the newly planted shading tree species in the newly built peony garden are not rejuvenated and crowned, particularly, the sunshade is built for the first year of the newly planted peony, the sunshade net density is 80%, and the time for building the sunshade is as follows: 5 months at the beginning to 9 months at the end;
step four, selecting and collocating peony varieties: tree peony garden variety structure in Jiangnan area: 1. the varieties of southwest peony and southwest peony account for 30%, and the varieties of southwest peony are hydrangea, splatter purple, peng Zhouzi, lijiang purple, lijiang powder, taiping red, golden waist building, red blood streak, and red lead Jing Yulou; the traditional tree peony varieties in Jiangnan province are Paeonia ostii series, hui Zi series, xiangdan series and salt city red; 2. the original peony variety accounts for 30 percent, and in the original peony population represented by the Luoyang and the lotus, the anti-damp-heat and strong growth vigor and some of newly cultivated crossbreeds are suitable for growing in the south of the river; 3. the foreign peony varieties account for 30 percent, and the foreign varieties are Japanese peony, french peony and American peony; 4. the northwest peony accounts for 10 percent, and the northwest peony variety is that a book is crafted with ink, black sea wind clouds and purple butterfly facing the wind;
step five, timely high-stage and high-ridge planting:
1. planting in good time: planting is started after tree peony leaves fall in 10-11 months; 2. high-level planting: planting large-plant peony and paeonia rockii by adopting a high platform; 3. high-ridge planting: the standard commercial seedling of the peony is planted in a large area in a piece mode, the high-ridge planting is adopted, and the furrow, the drainage pipe network and the peony garden water system are connected and communicated;
step six, management after planting: 1. pruning: the standard commercial seedlings need to be planted and then cut off part of branches so as to reduce flowers of flower buds to bloom next year; the planting of the large peonies needs to be thinned; seedling with serious root damage needs to be thinned and branches are cut off; standard commercial peony seedlings with particularly serious root damage need stumping branches; 2. and (3) watering: the root system of the newly planted peony is damaged, new capillary roots are just formed, and water is timely added according to the soil moisture content in the rainy season; 3. and (3) cultivating and weeding: in the peony growing season, the soil moisture content after rain is grasped, and the cultivation and weeding are performed in time; deep-ploughing and airing the soil among the rows in winter; 4. autumn and winter management: the management principle of three-cleaning one-fertilizer one-turning one-water is adopted in autumn and winter; the 'Sanqing' is to clean weeds, clean dead branches and fallen leaves and clean plant diseases and insect pests; the fertilizer is an organic fertilizer special for winter peony and 200kg per mu; the first turning is deep turning in winter; "Yishui" refers to winter irrigation in north and is arranged in south peony garden according to the rainfall and soil moisture content in autumn and winter; 5. management of a specific season: after flowers, the foliar protective agent is sprayed once every half month except for periodical cultivation and weeding; spraying carbendazim or chlorothalonil wettable powder once every week for 6-7 months, and alternately using the two; and 9-10 months, and 5kg of 5% phoxim slow release agent is applied per mu.
In the first step, 5kg of phoxim slow release agent which is subjected to coating treatment is broadcasted for 5% of each mu.
In the third step, the shading tree species is selected from ormosia huashanensis or pterocarpus santalinus.
In the sixth step, the branches are respectively sprayed with lime sulfur with 3 Baume degrees after defoliation and before germination after the plant is managed and cleaned up from diseases and insect pests.
In the sixth step, the dead branches and fallen leaves are cleaned in post-planting management, and in combination with winter pruning, weak branches, diseased branches and residual branches are pruned and cleaned out of the garden.
In the sixth step, deep turning in autumn and winter management in post-planting management ensures that roots are not lightened, soil blocks are not broken, and rain and snow are pulverized in winter.
In the first step, the peony plots are deeply ploughed for more than 40cm in the beginning of 12 months without raking, and naturally weathered in winter; the main purpose of this is: 1. after the soil is deeply turned, the soil is repeatedly frozen and melted under the action of rain and snow, and after the soil is weathered, the porosity is obviously increased, so that the microbial activity is facilitated, the decomposition of nutrients in the soil is accelerated, and meanwhile, the nutrients in the outside air are better absorbed, and the fertility of the soil is effectively improved; 2. the thickness of the living soil layer is increased after deep ploughing, which is favorable for the extension of root systems and the expansion of the nutrition absorption range, thereby promoting the rapid growth of the peony; 3. after deep ploughing, the living soil layer is thickened, and accumulated water is more, so that the water storage and fertilizer retention capacity can be enhanced; 4. when waterlogging occurs, the soil is favorable for water subsidence, so that the air permeability of the soil is increased, the temperature of the soil can be reduced, and the root system is not burnt due to high external temperature; 5. the soil can be loosened after deep ploughing, the soil can absorb moisture, and nutrients can not be lost due to the fact that soil layers are shallow in rainwater and water flows outwards; 6. the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced: the soil has more diseases and insect pests, such as germs, bacteria, pests, ova, pupas and the like, and after deep ploughing, the pests hidden in the soil can be killed by utilizing the irradiation of sunlight, and meanwhile, a plurality of germs and bacteria can be killed, so that the occurrence of the diseases and insect pests is reduced.
In the first step, at the beginning of 2 months of the next year, the surface layer of the peony land block is covered with river sand, and the average thickness is 35cm; the main purpose of this is: by covering river sand on the surface layer of the peony land, on one hand, the soil can be ensured to be in a loose state for a long time, and the air permeability of the soil is improved; on the other hand, the soil temperature is prevented from rising due to strong illumination in the south, so that the roots and stems of the peony are burnt out, and the effect of protecting the roots and stems of the peony is achieved.
In the first step, planting green manure for 3-7 months; 8-9 months, deeply ploughing green manure, stubble cleaning and returning to the field, applying 15kg of 46% urea and 200kg of organic fertilizer special for organic peony per mu before deep ploughing, and simultaneously finely ploughing and finely cropping for later use; the main purpose of this is: on one hand, the planted green manure is used as an organic fertilizer source, and the organic fertilizer content in the soil is increased through deep ploughing, stubble cleaning and returning; on the other hand, the comprehensive fertility in the soil is improved by the cooperation of urea and the organic fertilizer special for peony.
In the first step, 5kg of phoxim slow release agent which is subjected to coating treatment is broadcasted for 5% of each mu; the main purpose of this is: on one hand, the phoxim slow release agent has the characteristics of broad spectrum, low toxicity and low residue, is used for inhibiting the choline activity of pests, and enables the pests to poison and die, and mainly plays a role in killing the older larvae of lepidoptera pests and soil pests, and simultaneously kills ova and spider mites in the soil. On the other hand, the phoxim sustained release agent treated by coating can slowly release the drug effect of phoxim, thereby playing the role of maintaining the drug effect and enhancing the insecticidal effect.
In the second step, the drainage pipe network is constructed and paved in combination with a garden road or an irrigation water network; the main purpose of this arrangement is: on the one hand, in the rainy season in the south, the drain pipe network is utilized to drain the redundant water in the peony plots, and on the other hand, the root and stem of the peony can be prevented from being soaked in the water for a long time, so that the root and stem of the peony can be prevented from being rotten.
In the third step, the sunshade is built for supplementing in the first year of new planting of the peony, and the main purpose of the sunshade is to match with planting of the shading tree: on one hand, the method provides a shading growing environment for the newly planted peony and promotes the rapid growth of the newly planted peony. On the other hand, excessive evaporation of water in the newly planted peony body caused by strong light irradiation in summer is reduced, so that the survival rate of the newly planted peony seedlings is improved.
In the fourth step, the peony varieties are selected and matched, and the main purposes of the method are that 30% of the southwest peony and the Jiangnan peony varieties, 30% of the original peony varieties, 30% of the foreign peony varieties and 10% of the northwest peony varieties are adopted: on one hand, the variety diversity of the ornamental garden is enriched, the comprehensive flowering period of the peony garden is prolonged, and the integral stress resistance of the peony garden is improved through the wide application of different peony product populations. On the other hand, the effect of delaying the degradation of the planting performance of the peony in the southern area is achieved by the combination of the stress resistance of different peony varieties.
In the fifth step, 1, planting in good time: planting is started after tree peony leaves fall in 10-11 months; 2. high-level planting: planting large-plant peony and paeonia rockii by adopting a high platform; 3. high-ridge planting: the standard commercial seedlings are planted in large areas in a piece mode, high-ridge planting is adopted, and furrows, drainage pipe networks and a peony garden water system are connected and communicated; the main purpose of this is: on one hand, the high-rise and high-ridge planting of the peony is utilized, so that the effect of draining water is achieved in the rainy season in the south; on the other hand, by utilizing the characteristics of high-stage and high-ridge planting of the peony, ventilation and light transmission of the peony plants are increased, and occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced.
In the pruning management after planting in the step six, standard commodity seedlings need to be planted and cut into partial branches so as to reduce flowers and buds to bloom in the next year; the planting of the large peonies needs to be thinned; seedling with serious root damage needs to be thinned and branches are cut off; seedling with especially serious root damage needs stumping branches. The main purpose of this is: on one hand, unnecessary loss of nutrients is avoided by thinning branches and stumping and pruning the peony land, and sufficient nutrients are improved for the growth of the root system of the peony; on the other hand, the root system of the peony is rapidly formed by thinning branches and stumping and pruning the peony land, so that the survival rate of planting the peony is improved.
The planting step six is followed by watering, the root system of the newly planted peony is damaged, new capillary roots are just formed, and water is timely supplied according to the soil moisture content in the rainy season; can promote the repair and growth of damaged root systems of newly planted peony root systems and improve the planting survival rate of the newly planted peony.
In the cultivation weeding after the planting in the step six, the soil moisture content after rain is grasped in the peony growing season, and the cultivation weeding is performed in time; deep-ploughing and airing the soil among the rows in winter; the main purpose of this is: the cultivation weeding and deep soil turning and airing are utilized, so that on one hand, the effect of preventing soil in the south area from being rotten and bacteria from being bred due to high humidity is achieved, and on the other hand, the sunlight sterilization is carried out on the soil while weeds are effectively removed, so that the effect of preventing plant diseases and insect pests is achieved.
In autumn and winter management after planting in the step six, a management principle of three-cleaning-one-fertilizer-one-turning-one-water is adopted in autumn and winter; the 'Sanqing' is to clean weeds, clean dead branches and fallen leaves and clean plant diseases and insect pests; the fertilizer is a special fertilizer for winter application of organic peony, 200kg per mu; the first turning is deep turning in winter; "Yishui" is winter irrigation commonly known as northern, and the southern peony garden is arranged according to rainfall and soil moisture content; the main purpose of this is: through scientific management of 'three-cleaning one-fertilizer one-turning one-water', on one hand, sufficient moisture and nutrient substances are provided for root system deep-penetration molding of the newly planted peony, and the planting survival rate of the newly planted peony is improved; on the other hand, the generation of new tree peony plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and the stress resistance of different tree peony varieties in the southern area is improved, so that necessary conditional support is provided for delaying the degeneration of tree peony in the south of the river.
In the management of the specific season after the planting in the step six, the foliar protective agent is sprayed once every half month; spraying carbendazim or chlorothalonil wettable powder once every week for 6-7 months, and alternately using the two; 9-10 months, and 5kg of 5% phoxim slow release agent is applied per mu; the foliar protecting agent and the carbendazim or chlorothalonil wettable powder are sprayed once every week and are alternately used, so that on one hand, the foliar of the newly planted peony can be improved, the foliar of the newly planted peony can not be infected by bacteria, the healthy growth of the foliar of the newly planted peony is maintained, and conditions are created for better photosynthesis; on the other hand, the evergreen period of the leaves of the newly planted peony in the south can be ensured, and the growing period of the leaves of the newly planted peony can be ensured. Wherein, 9-10 months are combined with intertillage weeding, 5% phoxim slow release agent is spread per mu for 5kg, on one hand, the phoxim slow release agent has the characteristics of broad spectrum, low toxicity and low residue, is used for inhibiting the activity of pest choline, so that the pest choline is poisoned and killed, and mainly plays the role of killing the older larvae of lepidoptera pests and soil pests, and simultaneously kills ova and spider mites in the soil. On the other hand, the phoxim sustained release agent treated by coating can slowly release the drug effect of phoxim, thereby playing the role of maintaining the drug effect and enhancing the insecticidal effect.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the planting method for delaying degradation of the tree peony in the south of the river improves the survival rate of seedlings in the south area, reduces the breeding of plant diseases and insect pests, delays the degradation of tree peony plants, and improves the ornamental value of tree peony and the benefit of a tree peony garden.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below in connection with specific examples which are provided for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment one:
a planting method for delaying degradation of large peonies in the south of the Yangtze river is suitable for sloping fields;
step one, improving a soil structure:
1. selecting a sloping field; 2. covering river sand on the surface layer of the peony planting pool, adding 10kg of turfy soil, deep-turning and uniformly stirring, wherein the average thickness of the river sand is 35cm; 3. is 10 kg/plant of organic fertilizer (fertilizer special for peony) applied to the pit.
Step two, planting at a high stage (high ridge) in good time:
planting in good time after tree peony leaves fall in 10-11 months; large peony plants, particularly paeonia rockii, are planted at a high stage in a semi-submerged flower-building pond.
Step three, planting shading tree seeds and building a sunshade net:
1. planting under the forests: the shading tree species are selected from fallen leaves which are sprouted late, fall early, have strong stress resistance and good ornamental value and have no common host with peony diseases and insect pests, such as red bean trees (ormosia huashanensis) and pterocarpus santalinus (spring unknown); 2. building a sunshade: before the newly planted shading tree seeds in the newly built peony garden do not have rejuvenation and crown formation, the shading effect is poor, and particularly, the sunshade is built by taking the sunshade net into consideration in summer in the first year of the newly planted peony, the sunshade net density is 80%, the sunshade net density after seedling reviving is changed into 60%, and the sunshade time is set up: the beginning of 5 months to the end of 9 months.
Step four, post-planting management:
1. pruning: the planting of the large peonies needs to be thinned; the root system is seriously damaged, branches which are combined and cut are thinned, flowers and buds are thinned in spring, flowering quantity is reduced, nutrient consumption is reduced, survival rate is improved, and seedling recovery period is shortened.
2. And (3) watering: the root system of the newly planted peony is damaged, new capillary roots are just formed, and water is timely supplied for drought according to the soil moisture content in the rainy season.
3. And (3) setting a vent hole: when a large tree peony is in a flower building pond, the drain pipe is embedded in the bottom, 6-8 PVC pipes with the diameter of 110mm are embedded vertically around the tree peony and serve as ventilation holes, and sand and stones are filled in the PVC pipes.
4. And (3) cultivating and weeding: in the peony growing season, the soil moisture content is grasped after rain, and the cultivation and weeding are performed in time; deep turning and airing are carried out on the flower pool in winter.
5. Autumn and winter management: the cleaning principle of three cleaning, one fertilizer, one turning over and one water in autumn and winter:
"Sanqing": cleaning weeds; cleaning out dead branches and fallen leaves (combined with pruning, weak branches, diseased branches and residual branches are pruned in winter); cleaning plant diseases and insect pests (combined with the application of a lime sulphur agent, spraying the lime sulphur agent with 3 Baume degrees once to branches after defoliation and before germination); "Yifei": applying organic fertilizer in winter; "one turn": deeply turning, wherein the soil blocks are not broken as long as the roots are not lightened, and the soil blocks are differentiated by rain and snow in winter; "Water": winter irrigation is called in the north, and the peony garden in the south is arranged according to rainfall and soil moisture.
6. Summer management: after flowers, the foliar protective agent is sprayed once every half month except for periodical cultivation and weeding; spraying carbendazim or chlorothalonil wettable powder once every week for 6-7 months, wherein the two are used alternately; and 9-10 months, combined with intertillage weeding, 5kg of 5% phoxim slow release agent is spread per mu.
Example 2
A planting method for delaying degradation of tree peony in the south of the river comprises the following steps:
step one, improving a soil structure:
firstly, covering a peony land surface layer with river sand with the thickness of 35cm and turfy soil with the average thickness of 5cm, and deeply turning and rotary tillage; secondly, applying 200 kg/mu of organic fertilizer (fertilizer special for peony); thirdly, 5kg of 5% phoxim slow release agent is broadcast per mu, fine tillage and fine cropping are carried out, and the preparation is flat for later use.
Step two, building a drainage pipe network:
the construction of the drainage pipe network combines the paving of the garden road, the LED illumination low-voltage circuit and the irrigation water network.
Step three, planting shading tree seeds and building a sunshade net:
1. planting of forest-thinning peony: the shading tree species should be selected from the tree species with late germination, early defoliation, strong stress resistance and good ornamental value, and have no common host with peony diseases and insect pests, such as red bean tree (Ormosia henryi), and yellow sandalwood (spring is not known).
2. Building a sunshade: before the newly planted shading tree seeds in the newly built peony garden do not have rejuvenation and crown formation, the shading effect is poor, and particularly, the sunshade is built by taking the sunshade net into consideration in summer in the first year of the newly planted peony, the density of the sunshade net is 80%, and the time of building the sunshade is as follows: the beginning of 5 months to the end of 9 months.
Step four, peony variety selection: building a peony garden variety structure in the south of the Yangtze river: 1. the varieties of southwest peony and southwest peony account for 30%, southwest peony such as hydrangea, splatter purple, peng Zhouzi, lijiang purple, lijiang powder, taiping red, golden waist building, red blood streak, red pad river, red lead Jing Yulou and the like; traditional varieties in Jiangnan (including self-bred varieties) such as Paeonia ostii series, hui Zi series, xiangdan series, salt city red and the like; 2. the original peony variety accounts for 30 percent, and in the original peony population represented by the Luoyang and the lotus, the anti-damp-heat and strong growth vigor and some of newly cultivated crossbreeds are suitable for growing in the south of the river; 3. the foreign peony accounts for 30 percent, and the Japanese varieties comprise more than 100 percent such as yellow crown, original black, black light, phoenix, royala, chunxing palace, island da chen, zhao Yang Dian, huawang, aromatic red, aromatic, poplar imperial concubine, xinri Yujin, xinqifushen, eight thousand generations of Chinese toon, ji Yechuan, mingshi Xie, baimiao, bai Wang Shizi, yuzhu and the like; the American variety includes more than 10 of seayellow, gold island, princess, golden age, reputation, wonder, feast, chinese dragon, black daggera, black pirate, black leopard, mountain rock, roman gold and the like; the French peony has Jin Ge, jin Zhi, jinyang, jinzhuo, jindi and the like, has strong general growth vigor, high flower forming rate and strong stress resistance, and is mostly suitable for planting in the south. Fourthly, the northwest peony accounts for 10 percent, such as book holding ink, black sea wind clouds, purple butterfly facing the wind and the like.
Step five, planting at a high stage (high ridge) in good time:
planting in good time after tree peony leaves fall in 10-11 months; the peony garden is planted in a large area in a piece mode, high-ridge planting is adopted in many cases, and the close penetration of furrows, drainage pipe networks and the peony garden water system is ensured.
Step six, management after planting:
1. pruning: the standard commercial seedlings need to be planted and then cut off part of branches so as to reduce flowers of flower buds to bloom next year; seedling with serious root damage needs to be thinned and branches are cut off; root damage is particularly severe and even stumping shoots are required.
2. And (3) watering: the root system of the newly planted peony is damaged, new capillary roots are just formed, and water is timely supplied for drought according to the soil moisture content in the rainy season.
3. And (3) cultivating and weeding: in the peony growing season, the soil moisture content is grasped after rain, and the cultivation and weeding are performed in time; deep turning and airing are carried out between rows in winter.
4. Autumn and winter management: the principle of cleaning the garden in autumn and winter, three cleaning, one fertilizer, one turning over and one water.
"Sanqing": cleaning weeds; cleaning out dead branches and fallen leaves (combined with pruning, weak branches, diseased branches and residual branches are pruned in winter); cleaning plant diseases and insect pests (combined with the application of a lime sulphur agent, spraying the lime sulphur agent with 3 Baume degrees once to branches after defoliation and before germination); "Yifei": applying organic fertilizer in winter; "one turn": deeply turning, wherein the soil blocks are not broken as long as the roots are not lightened, and the soil blocks are differentiated by rain and snow in winter; "Water": winter irrigation is called in the north, and the peony garden in the south is arranged according to rainfall and soil moisture.
5. Summer management: after flowers, the foliar protective agent is sprayed once every half month except for periodical cultivation and weeding; spraying carbendazim or chlorothalonil wettable powder once every week for 6-7 months, and alternately using the two; and 9-10 months, and 5kg of 5% phoxim slow release agent is applied per mu.
Example 3
A planting method for delaying degradation of tree peony in the south of the Yangtze river, which is suitable for potted planting,
step one, improving a soil structure:
the soil proportion of the potted peony is garden soil: turfy soil: river sand: plastic foam particles = 3:3:3:1.
Step two, the drain hole is unobstructed:
punching a potted peony container: the potted peony is preferably selected from a special pot, namely, the bottom of the pot wall is provided with a hole for draining. Whether the basin is a purple clay basin, a tile basin, a ceramic basin, a porcelain basin or a stone basin, the basin wall is provided with holes or the basin bottom is lifted so as to be beneficial to drainage.
Step three, application of sunshade net and sunshade tree species:
1. flower stand peony: placing the potted peony at the half-pudendum of the flower stand;
2. cursory peony: the shading tree species should be selected from the tree species with late germination, early defoliation, strong stress resistance and good ornamental value, and have no common host with peony diseases and insect pests, such as red bean tree (Ormosia henryi), and yellow sandalwood (spring is not known).
3. Sunshade awning: a large amount of potted peonies need to consider the summer utilization of sunshade net to build an 80% sunshade.
Step four, peony variety selection:
1. population of tree peony in Jiangnan province: traditional varieties in Jiangnan province, such as Paeonia ostii series, hui Zi series, xiangdan series, salt city red, etc.;
2. southwest peony population: hydrangea, splash-ink purple, peng Zhouzi, lijiang purple, lijiang powder, taiping red, jinyao, hong yao, xuezhihong, dan Jing Yulou, etc.;
3. population of original peony: among the original peony population represented by Luoyang and lotus, some of the newly cultivated crossbreeds have been suitable for growth in the south of the river;
4. northwest peony population: the book holds ink, black sea wind clouds and purple butterfly faces the wind;
5. foreign peony: foreign varieties mainly include Japanese peony, french peony and American peony. The Japanese variety includes more than 100 of yellow crown, junwu, black light, phoenix, royala, chunxing palace, shi Dachen, zhao Yang Dian, huawang, fang hong, fang Ji, yang Guifei, xinri Yuan jin, xinqifushen, baku Chun, ji Yechuan, mingshi Xie, baimiao, bai Wang Shizi and Yu Ying; the American variety includes more than 10 of seayellow, gold island, princess, golden age, reputation, wonder, feast, chinese dragon, black daggera, black pirate, black leopard, mountain rock, roman gold and the like; the French peony has Jin Ge, jin Zhi, jinyang, jinzhuo, jindi and the like, has strong general growth vigor, high flower forming rate and strong stress resistance, and is mostly suitable for planting in the south.
Step five, post-planting management:
1. pruning after planting: the standard commercial seedlings need to be planted and then cut off part of branches so as to reduce flowers of flower buds to bloom next year; the planting of the large peonies needs to be thinned; seedling with serious root damage needs to be thinned and branches are cut off; root damage is particularly severe and even stumping shoots are required.
2. And (3) new planting and watering: the root system of the newly planted peony is damaged, new capillary roots are just formed, and water is timely supplied for drought according to the soil moisture content in the rainy season.
3. Deep ploughing and weeding: in the peony growing season, the soil moisture content is grasped after rain, and the cultivation and weeding are performed in time; deep turning and airing are carried out between rows in winter.
4. Winter management: the principle of cleaning the garden in autumn and winter, three cleaning, one fertilizer, one turning over and one water.
"Sanqing": cleaning weeds; cleaning the dead branches and fallen leaves (combined with pruning); cleaning plant diseases and insect pests (application combined with lime sulphur); "Yifei": applying organic fertilizer in winter; "one turn": deeply turning, wherein the soil blocks are not broken as long as the roots are not lightened, and the soil blocks are differentiated by rain and snow; "Water": winter irrigation is called in the north, and the peony garden in the south is arranged according to rainfall and soil moisture.
5. Summer management: after flowers, the foliar protective agent is sprayed once every half month except for periodical cultivation and weeding; spraying carbendazim or chlorothalonil wettable powder once every week for 6-7 months, and alternately using the two; and 9-10 months, and deep ploughing and weeding, and broadcasting 5% phoxim slow release agent.
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned scope, but the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make routine modifications or equivalent substitutions according to the above description, which are all within the scope of the present invention. The technical content that is not described in detail in the invention is known in the prior art.
Claims (6)
1. A planting method for delaying degradation of tree peony in the south of the river is characterized by comprising the following steps: step one, improving a soil structure: at the beginning of 12 months, the peony plots are deeply ploughed for more than 40cm, raked is not needed, and natural weathering is carried out in winter; in the beginning of 2 months in the next year, the surface layer of the peony plot is covered with river sand, and the average thickness is 35cm; planting green manure for 3-7 months; 8-9 months, deeply ploughing green manure, stubble cleaning and returning to the field, applying 15kg of 46% urea and 200kg of organic fertilizer special for organic peony per mu before deep ploughing, and simultaneously finely ploughing and finely cropping for later use; step two, building a drainage pipe network: the construction of a drainage pipe network is combined with the paving of a garden road or an irrigation water network; step three, planting shading tree seeds and building a sunshade net: 1. planting of the tree peony of the forest: the tree species of the shading tree is selected from the tree species of the falling tree which has the advantages of late germination, early falling leaves, strong stress resistance and good ornamental value and has no common host with the tree species of the peony diseases and insect pests; 2. building a sunshade: before the newly planted shading tree species in the newly built peony garden do not rejuvenate and develop crowns, a sunshade is built for the first year of the newly planted peony, the sunshade net density is 80%, and the time for building the sunshade is as follows: 5 months at the beginning to 9 months at the end; step four, selecting and collocating peony varieties: tree peony garden variety structure in Jiangnan area: 1. the varieties of southwest peony and southwest peony account for 30%, and the varieties of southwest peony are hydrangea, splatter purple, peng Zhouzi, lijiang purple, lijiang powder, taiping red, golden waist building, red blood streak, and red lead Jing Yulou; the traditional tree peony varieties in Jiangnan province are Paeonia ostii series, hui Zi series, xiangdan series and salt city red; 2. the original peony variety accounts for 30 percent, and in the original peony population represented by the Luoyang and the lotus, the anti-damp-heat and strong growth vigor and some of newly cultivated crossbreeds are suitable for growing in the south of the river; 3. the foreign peony varieties account for 30 percent, and the foreign varieties are Japanese peony, french peony and American peony; 4. the northwest peony accounts for 10 percent, and the northwest peony variety is that a book is crafted with ink, black sea wind clouds and purple butterfly facing the wind; step five, timely high-stage and high-ridge planting: 1. planting in good time: planting is started after tree peony leaves fall in 10-11 months; 2. high-level planting: planting large-plant peony and paeonia rockii by adopting a high platform; 3. high-ridge planting: the standard commercial seedling of the peony is planted in a large area in a piece mode, the high-ridge planting is adopted, and the furrow, the drainage pipe network and the peony garden water system are connected and communicated; step six, management after planting: 1. pruning: the standard commercial seedlings need to be planted and then cut off part of branches so as to reduce flowers of flower buds to bloom next year; the planting of the large peonies needs to be thinned; seedling with serious root damage needs to be thinned and branches are cut off; standard commercial peony seedlings with particularly serious root damage need stumping branches; 2. and (3) watering: the root system of the newly planted peony is damaged, new capillary roots are just formed, and water is timely added according to the soil moisture content in the rainy season; 3. and (3) cultivating and weeding: in the peony growing season, the soil moisture content after rain is grasped, and the cultivation and weeding are performed in time; deep-ploughing and airing the soil among the rows in winter; 4. autumn and winter management: the management principle of three-cleaning one-fertilizer one-turning one-water is adopted in autumn and winter; the 'Sanqing' is to clean weeds, clean dead branches and fallen leaves and clean plant diseases and insect pests; the fertilizer is an organic fertilizer special for winter peony and 200kg per mu; the first turning is deep turning in winter; "Yishui" refers to winter irrigation in north and is arranged in south peony garden according to the rainfall and soil moisture content in autumn and winter; 5. management of a specific season: after flowers, the foliar protective agent is sprayed once every half month except for periodical cultivation and weeding; spraying carbendazim or chlorothalonil wettable powder once every week for 6-7 months, and alternately using the two; and 9-10 months, and 5kg of 5% phoxim slow release agent is applied per mu.
2. The planting method for delaying degradation of tree peony in the south of the river according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the first step, 5kg of phoxim slow release agent which is subjected to coating treatment is broadcasted for 5% of each mu.
3. The planting method for delaying degradation of tree peony in the south of the river according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the shading tree species is selected from ormosia huashanensis or pterocarpus santalinus.
4. The planting method for delaying degradation of tree peony in the south of the river according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the sixth step, the branches are respectively sprayed with lime sulfur with 3 Baume degrees after defoliation and before germination after the plant is managed and cleaned up from diseases and insect pests.
5. The planting method for delaying degradation of tree peony in the south of the river according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the sixth step, the dead branches and fallen leaves are cleaned in post-planting management, and in combination with winter pruning, weak branches, diseased branches and residual branches are pruned and cleaned out of the garden.
6. The planting method for delaying degradation of tree peony in the south of the river according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the sixth step, deep turning in autumn and winter management in post-planting management ensures that roots are not lightened, soil blocks are not broken, and rain and snow are pulverized in winter.
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