CN110268907B - Method for introducing, domesticating and breeding viburnum komarovii in coastal saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for introducing, domesticating and breeding viburnum komarovii in coastal saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for introducing, domesticating and breeding viburnum koumei in coastal saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: 1) and (3) reproduction: sowing and breeding or cutting breeding; 2) and hardening seedlings: placing the seedling or the cutting seedling in soil containing turfy: garden soil: culturing in a flowerpot with the volume ratio of vermiculite to vermiculite being 3:2:1 for 1 year; irrigating with alkaline liquid once every two weeks for the first three months, and irrigating once every week for the later period; 3) and daily cultivation and maintenance: in the last ten days of spring 4 months, the seedlings which are acclimatized and aged for one year are planted in an introduction land, the land is firstly deeply turned by 30cm, and 10cm of turfy soil, 10cm of organic fertilizer and 10cm of additional soil are sequentially applied from bottom to top. The method enables the viburnum loquat leaves to grow, blossom and bear fruits normally in Tianjin coastal heavy saline-alkali areas, and the survival rate of the viburnum loquat leaves in the introduction areas reaches over 90 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an introduction domestication and breeding method, in particular to an introduction domestication and breeding method of viburnum koumei in coastal saline-alkali soil.
Background
Viburnum rhytidophyllum is a scientific name of Viburnum rhytidophyllum. The viburnum loquat leaves are evergreen shrubs, single leaves are opposite, the flowering phase is 5-6 months, the inflorescence is compounded, and the corolla is white. The fruit period is 9-10 months, the stone fruit is egg-shaped, red first and black second. The viburnum kombucus Linn has beautiful tree appearance up to 4 m, evergreen leaves, white and fragrant flower color, and full crown of flowering season, and bright red fruit in mature period, and is a good plant for leaf observation, flower observation and fruit observation. The viburnum loquat leaves are originally produced in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei and other places in China, and are rarely distributed in northern areas, but reports about introducing the viburnum loquat leaves in northern areas are only reported in Zhengzhou agriculture and forestry scientific research institute, and reports about introducing the viburnum loquat leaves in northern saline-alkali areas are not reported.
The Tianjin coastal region is located in the Bohai Bay and is a transition region from the sea to the land, and the land is a saline-alkali land formed by interaction of seawater and underground water as well as land and surface water. Most of the soil is river sediment, the texture is sticky and heavy, the air permeability is poor, and the secondary salinization of the soil is serious. And the region belongs to temperate continental monsoon climate, is cold and dry in winter, is stuffy and humid in summer, and is short in spring and autumn and dry in windy condition. The annual average precipitation is 550-600mm, the evaporation capacity is extremely large and exceeds 1800mm, the evaporation causes the groundwater to rise along capillary vessels, so that the soil moisture loss is serious, the soil has high salinity and drought, and the soil has poor fertility, low organic matter content and low water storage capacity. Combining the soil and climatic conditions, the region forms a special plant community and simultaneously makes the introduction work of foreign species very difficult. The viburnum loquat leaves are mostly distributed in the environment of forest, bush and stream with elevation of 1000-2000 m, like warm and humid environment, like light and more resistant to yin, and grow best in sandy soil with deep, fertile and good drainage. In view of the difference between the biological habit of the species of interest to be introduced and the local plant growth conditions, the present invention particularly improves the introduction method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for introducing, domesticating and breeding viburnum komarovii in coastal saline-alkali soil.
The technical scheme involved in the invention is as follows:
a method for breeding viburnum loquat leaves in coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) reproduction: seeding propagation or cutting propagation
Sowing and breeding: collecting seeds in the first ten days of 10 months, removing pulp, rinsing with clear water, and stacking until the seeds are cooked;
soaking the seeds in clear water for 48h before sand storage, and then sterilizing the seeds by using a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for at least 12 h; then, the seeds are laminated for 2 months in the next year; ensuring sufficient water during the period, and controlling the humidity at 15%; during the period of variable temperature treatment, namely a high temperature-low temperature-high temperature-low temperature treatment method, the high temperature is controlled at 20 ℃, the low temperature is controlled at 10 ℃, the treatment is carried out for 10d each time, gibberellin is used for soaking for more than 48h during the last low temperature treatment, when 20-30% of seeds are exposed to the white, sowing is carried out (the seeds are not more than 30%, otherwise, bud tips are browned due to too long exposed buds), the sowing is carried out in a nutrition pot by dibbling, and after seedling cotyledons grow out for 30 days, subsequent seedling hardening management is carried out;
cutting propagation: taking semi-lignified branches, controlling the length of cutting slips to be 10cm, reserving a bud point for each cutting slip, reserving 2 leaves, and cutting off 1/2 (for reducing transpiration); firstly, soaking and disinfecting the lower part of a cutting with 0.5 percent potassium permanganate solution for 5min, and then placing the cutting into a plant growth regulator for soaking; the plant growth regulator comprises the following components in percentage by weight: NAA: 100 mg/L; IBA: 300 mg/L; soaking for 30 min; the cutting medium adopts river sand: 1:1, fully watering the substrate with 800 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder liquid, and spraying 800 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder liquid for disinfection after cuttage, wherein the disinfection is performed twice a day; after plants root, putting the plants in a nutrition pot for cultivation, and after 30 days, performing hardening seedling management;
2) and hardening seedlings: placing the seedling or the cutting seedling in soil containing turfy: garden soil: culturing in a flowerpot with the volume ratio of vermiculite to vermiculite being 3:2:1 for 1 year; during the period, irrigating with saline solution (prepared with sodium chloride with concentration of 0.1% -0.2%, and adding small amount of sodium carbonate to adjust pH to 7.2-7.5), wherein the irrigating is performed once every two weeks for the first three months, and once every week for the later period;
3) and daily cultivation and maintenance: in the last ten days of spring 4 months, the seedlings which are acclimatized and aged for one year are planted in an introduction land, the land is firstly deeply turned by 30cm, and 10cm of turfy soil, 10cm of organic fertilizer and 10cm of additional soil are sequentially applied from bottom to top.
Preferably, the method further comprises digging tree pits with the diameter of 40cm and the depth of 5cm, wherein the tree pits are shaped like a disk. (to ensure water retention)
Preferably, the roots of the plants are sprayed with a drug for promoting the growth of the roots before planting (such as sodium alpha-naphthylacetate and potassium indolebutyrate which are mixed to prepare a 10-40ppm solution with the proportion of 1: 1).
Preferably, after planting, watering spring water (common watering water) for at least 3 times, watering once every 3 days, and watering the soil at the roots of the plants by using an aqueous solution of which ferrous sulfate is dissolved to 0.2-0.5 percent, and watering the soil together with the spring water; after the spring water irrigation, ordinary irrigation water is irrigated once every two weeks so as to prevent the seedlings from being damaged by the salt return of the soil.
Preferably, the shading net is used for shading in summer in the first year, and the shading rate is 50-60%.
Preferably, the present invention also includes winter protection in the first year of outdoor planting, i.e., wrapping the trunk with felt cloth, covering the roots with straw, and then performing normal curing.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the plant seeds of Viburnum cause difficult germination due to double dormancy of radicle and hypocotyl. The invention adopts special treatment (temperature-variable regulation and gibberellin treatment) to ensure that the germination rate of the seeds is more than 85 percent:
2) the invention improves the selection, the proportion and the processing time of the growth regulator in the cutting propagation process, so that the cutting survival rate reaches more than 95 percent.
3) And before outdoor planting, hardening seedling treatment is carried out, so that the adaptability of the viburnum loquat leaves on a seed introduction place is improved, and the characters of the viburnum loquat leaves on the original planting place are kept.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the soil is mostly river sediment, the average salt content is 0.14% -1.91%, the highest salt content in partial areas can reach 4.7%, the salt and alkali substances contained in the soil seriously obstruct the growth of plants, the soil is easy to harden, and the water permeability is poor. In addition, the average annual evaporation capacity in the region is more than 3 times of the annual precipitation capacity, and great challenge is brought to plant introduction.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the plant resource library of the eighth street in the Tianjin coastal saline-alkali soil is selected for introduction test. The average salt content of the soil in the region is about 3 g/kg; the average pH value is 8;
the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
A method for breeding viburnum loquat leaves in coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting seeds and branches of viburnum koumei:
in 2014, Viburnum loquat leaves and branches are collected in Henan and transported to Tianjin coastal new areas.
(2) -1: sowing:
removing pulp from the fruits, rinsing the fruits with clear water, and stacking the fruits till the fruits are cooked. The seeds are soaked in clear water for 48h, and then sterilized by 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 12 h. Then, the seeds are layered for 2 months in the next year, the sufficient moisture is ensured in the period, and the humidity is controlled to be about 15 percent. Seed dormancy is broken by adopting temperature change regulation and gibberellin. The specific treatment method comprises the following steps: high temperature 20 deg.C (10d) -low temperature 10 deg.C (10d) -high temperature 20 deg.C (10d) -low temperature 10 deg.C (10d), soaking in 200mg/L gibberellin for 48 hr during the last low temperature treatment, and the germination rate is more than 92%. And when 20% of seeds are exposed to the white, sowing, namely dibbling the seeds in a nutrition pot. And carrying out subsequent hardening management after the cotyledon of the seedling grows for 30 days.
(2) -2, cutting propagation:
taking a semi-lignified branch, controlling the length of each cutting to be about 10cm, reserving a bud point for each cutting, reserving 2 leaves, and cutting off the leaves 1/2 for reducing transpiration. The lower part of the cutting is soaked and disinfected for 5min by 0.5 percent potassium permanganate solution, and then is soaked in 100mg/L NAA and 300mg/L IBA mixed plant growth regulator for 30 min. The cutting medium adopts river sand: the vermiculite is 1:1 (volume ratio), and 800 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder is used for pouring the matrix. After cuttage, 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder needs to be sprayed for disinfection twice a day. After plants are rooted, the plants are placed in a nutrition pot for cultivation, hardening management is carried out after 30 days, and the survival rate is 96.7%.
(3) Hardening off seedlings
In order to improve the adaptability of the viburnum loquat leaves to coastal saline-alkali soil, seedlings and cutting seedlings are planted in soil containing turfy: garden soil: the culture was carried out in a pot with 3:2:1 (volume ratio) vermiculite for 1 year. During the period, the water is irrigated by alkaline liquid (during the period, saline solution is prepared by sodium chloride, the concentration of the sodium chloride is 0.1-0.2%, and a small amount of sodium carbonate is added to adjust the pH value to 7.2-7.5)), the water is irrigated once every two weeks in the first three months, and the water is irrigated once every week in the later period.
(4) Daily cultivation and maintenance
And 4.5-4.10 in spring, planting the seedlings which are acclimated for one year in the eighth street plant resource library of Tianjin coastal saline-alkali soil. The method comprises the steps of deeply turning the land by 30cm, and sequentially applying 10cm of turfy soil, 10cm of organic fertilizer and 10cm of additional soil from bottom to top.
After planting, watering spring water (common watering water) for at least 3 times, watering once every 3 days, and watering the soil at the roots of the plants by using an aqueous solution of which the ferrous sulfate is dissolved to 0.2-0.5 percent, and watering the soil together with the spring water; after the spring water irrigation, ordinary irrigation water is irrigated once every two weeks so as to prevent the seedlings from being damaged by the salt return of the soil.
Shading treatment is carried out in summer in the first year by using a shading net, and the shading rate is 50-60%.
Winter proofing is carried out in the first year of outdoor planting, namely, a trunk is wrapped by felt cloth, and roots are covered by straws. And then, carrying out normal maintenance to ensure that the viburnum sargentii can grow normally and be evergreen in all seasons in the coastal saline-alkali soil.
The viburnum loquat leaves are evergreen in four seasons, flower in spring and fruit in autumn, and are evergreen broadleaf ornamental shrubs suitable for popularization. After five years of introduction and observation, the viburnum komarovii can normally grow, blossom and bear fruits in Tianjin coastal heavy saline-alkali areas, and the survival rate of the viburnum komarovii in the introduction areas reaches over 90 percent. By the introduction domestication method, the annual growth amount of the viburnum koumei reaches more than 30 cm; part of the plants are slightly damaged by freezing, the damage proportion is less than 20%, and the plants grow normally after the temperature is returned in spring; basically no plant diseases and insect pests exist, and the growth force is vigorous. In addition, the viburnum loquat leaves also play an important role in the soil remediation of saline-alkali soil, the transpiration of plants replaces the evaporation effect of the soil, the soluble salt content of the soil is reduced, the salt return probability of the soil is reduced, and the soil desalination rate of a 0-30cm soil layer can reach about 15% in autumn.
Claims (6)
1. A method for breeding viburnum loquat leaves in coastal saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) reproduction: seeding propagation or cutting propagation
Sowing and breeding: collecting seeds in the first ten days of 10 months, removing pulp, rinsing with clear water, and stacking until the seeds are cooked;
soaking the seeds in clear water for 48h before sand storage, and then sterilizing the seeds by using a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for at least 12 h; then, the seeds are laminated for 2 months in the next year; ensuring sufficient water during the period, and controlling the humidity at 15%; during the period, carrying out variable temperature treatment, namely a high temperature-low temperature-high temperature-low temperature treatment method, controlling the high temperature at 20 ℃ and the low temperature at 10 ℃, carrying out treatment for 10d each time, soaking the seeds for more than 48h by gibberellin during the last low temperature treatment, sowing when 20-30% of the seeds are exposed to white, carrying out sowing in a nutrition pot, and carrying out subsequent seedling hardening management after the seed leaves of the seedlings grow for 30 days;
cutting propagation: taking semi-lignified branches, controlling the length of cutting slips to be 10cm, reserving a bud point for each cutting slip, and reserving 2 leaves which need to be cut off 1/2; firstly, soaking and disinfecting the lower part of a cutting with 0.5 percent potassium permanganate solution for 5min, and then placing the cutting into a plant growth regulator for soaking; the plant growth regulator comprises the following components in percentage by weight: NAA: 100 mg/L; IBA: 300 mg/L; soaking for 30 min; the cutting medium adopts river sand: 1:1, fully watering the substrate with 800 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder liquid, and spraying 800 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder liquid for disinfection after cuttage, wherein the disinfection is performed twice a day; after plants root, putting the plants in a nutrition pot for cultivation, and after 30 days, performing hardening seedling management;
2) and hardening seedlings: placing the seedling or the cutting seedling in soil containing turfy: garden soil: culturing in a flowerpot with the volume ratio of vermiculite to vermiculite being 3:2:1 for 1 year; during the period, the mixture is irrigated by saline solution, the mixture is irrigated once every two weeks for the first three months, and the mixture is irrigated once every week in the later period;
3) and daily cultivation and maintenance: in the last ten days of spring 4 months, the seedlings which are acclimatized and aged for one year are planted in an introduction land, the land is firstly deeply turned by 30cm, and 10cm of turfy soil, 10cm of organic fertilizer and 10cm of additional soil are sequentially applied from bottom to top.
2. The method for breeding viburnum komarovii in coastal saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method also comprises digging a tree pit, wherein the diameter of the tree pit is 40cm, the depth of the tree pit is 5cm, and the tree pit is shaped like a disk.
3. The method for breeding viburnum komarovii in coastal saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: before planting, spraying the medicine for promoting the growth of the roots on the roots of the plants.
4. The method for breeding viburnum komarovii in coastal saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after planting, irrigating spring water for at least 3 times, irrigating once every 3 days, and irrigating the soil at the roots of the plants by using an aqueous solution of which the ferrous sulfate is dissolved to 0.2-0.5 percent, and irrigating the soil and the spring water together; after the spring water irrigation, ordinary irrigation water is irrigated once every two weeks so as to prevent the seedlings from being damaged by the salt return of the soil.
5. The method for breeding viburnum komarovii in coastal saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: shading treatment is carried out in summer in the first year by using a shading net, and the shading rate is 50-60%.
6. The method for breeding viburnum komarovii in coastal saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method also comprises winter protection in the first year of outdoor planting, namely wrapping the trunk with felt cloth, covering the root with straw, and performing normal curing.
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| CN108040530A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-05-18 | 亳州学院 | The wild Paris polyphylla seed dormancy in Dabie Mountain breaks method |
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