CN1109491C - Coffee seedlings growing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for breeding coffee seedlings. The method comprises the steps of seed processing, seedling bed preparation, seeding, seedling bed management, seedling movement, fertilization and watering management and transplantation. As long as proper temperature and moisture are artificially created, a dormancy period can be completed in advance. The growth quantity of coffee seedlings is effectively improved by sufficiently utilizing high soil temperature and sufficient warm moisture of Yunan province in June for transplantation. Small seedlings are adopted for transplantation, and the roots are prevented from being damaged. Turf soil is added to nutritious soil, the release of fast-acting components in soil is enhanced, and the sprouting force of the coffee seedlings is promoted.

Description

A kind of coffee seedlings growing method

Technical field

The invention belongs to the planting technology field, particularly relate to a kind of seedling-cultivating method of coffee.

Background technology

As everyone knows, traditional seedling-cultivating method of coffee all is to wait for that seed dormancy is after the phase, sow 3～April, transplant seedlings 6～July, and transplant 9～October, or plant seedling next year the June in 1 year, generally taking 3 years ability goes into operation, and long because of root, when transplanting, to cut off root system, bring the phase of influence to fail the technical barrier that obtains satisfactorily resolving to growth of later stage.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of coffee seedlings growing method is provided, this method can shift to an earlier date the coffee seedling effectively and go out the garden transplanting time, and does not damage root system, carries the previous year and goes into operation, and improves coffee output.

Coffee seedlings growing method provided by the invention comprises the step of following order:

1, seed treatment

1. fresh seeds alkaline matter, for example faggot ash and lime, its weight proportion is a seed: the faggot ash: lime=1: 01: 0.01 is cleaned the colloid on the seed and sugar and is turned white to planting skin, uses flushing with clean water again, dries surperficial moisture content;

2. be that 800～1000 times of carbendazim or the thiophanate methyl aqueous solution soaked extremely germ 15 minutes with diluted concentration, use the gibberellin treatment of 200PPm again, can sow;

2, prepare in the seedbed

The selection physical features is smooth, and the plot of irrigation conditions is arranged, and surrounds the wide rectangular furrow of 1.0-1.2 rice with brick or flitch, adorns thin river sand in the furrow, and thickness is 8-12 centimetre, and is smooth with the plank compacting;

3, sowing

Early December, with the seed of handling well, the consumption by 1 kilogram every square metre broadcasts sowing equably on Shamian Island, gently press seed with plank, cover one deck fine sand again, thickness has just covered seed completely, shop one deck pine tree leaf above waters permeablely, makes high 50 centimetres semi-circular arch grid with mulch film.Cover completely around will encircleing grid, opened the arch film every 6～7 days, observe, if sand turns white, spray water again, this process needs 55～65 days;

4, seedbed management

Mid-February, the bean sprouts begins to sprout, and successively expose Shamian Island, in time pine tree leaf is chosen to the greatest extent, and will be added a cover concealment net booth, to keep moisture content and the temperature in the film, 25 ℃～35 ℃ of temperature in the shed, temperature is too high, will encircle film immediately and open aeration-cooling, spray diluted concentration weekly and be 800 times carbendazim or Cercobinm once, this process needs 25～30 days;

5, transplant seedlings

Select 14 * 18 centimetres nutritious bag for use, dress nutrition soil in the bag, nutrition soil proportioning is the native country: leaf mould: burnt dust-ashes=2: 1: 1, water soil in the bag moistening before transplanting seedlings, treat at the beginning of late Febuary to 3 month that cotyledon is longer and just can transplant seedlings, insert an aperture with a circular cone waddy at the middle part of nutritious bag when transplanting seedlings, the degree of depth is long consistent with root, vertically seedling is put into the hole, at both sides extruding soil, root is contacted with rod with soil.Water permeablely after planting, build the high 1.8 meters concealment net booth of lid on it;

6, rich water quality management

Use sprinkler irrigation method, keep the moisture content in the nutritious bag, after transplanting seedlings, every 8～12 days, with the pouring of clear liquid dung, water altogether three times, later in conjunction with uprooting weed, loosen the soil, execute secondary composite fertilizer again, each 10～15 every bag, in this process, execute diluted concentration and be 800 times the carbendazim or the Cercobinm aqueous solution 3～4 times, treat that true leaf grows three and can transplant, this process needs 55～65 days:

7, transplant

At the beginning of 6 months, young plant grows three pairs of true leaves, and highly about 10～15 centimetres, root is just long to the nutritious bag edge, can be transplanted into the field.

The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:

1, coffee seed, has natural dormancy period, length and the environmental condition of resting stage have much relations, the present invention has created suitable temperature and moisture content for it, finish resting stage in advance, cooperate other aggregate measures again, just can shorten seedling raise period and operation period, make transplanting time by advanceing to for 6～July 9～October, went into operation in advance 1 year.

2, made full use of this climatic characteristic of high ground temperature, be high temperature and at the beginning of rainy season the June in Yunnan, and transplanting during this period promptly is the golden season that the gentle moisture content in highland guarantees.Coffee seedling of planting and colder the comparing of later stages in rainy season 9～10 lunar regolith, its amount of growth has significant difference, and to the end of the year, the present invention transplants the right branch of 6-8,1 year, 15～20 pairs of branches is arranged, 15～20 kilograms/mu of primiparity output.

3, little transplantation of seedlings, making full use of seedling has 3 pairs of true leaves, and root is just long also not to be obstructed and just to transplant to the nutritious bag edge, and root is subjected to less than any damage, and therefore, seedling-slowing stage is extremely short, has extended the time of nourishing and growing.And conventional method is next year transplanted, and needs a large amount of main fibrous roots are cut off, and has prolonged transplanting seedling time and the amount of growth that has reduced root widely.

4, the improvement of nutrition soil dosage

The present invention will be burnt into fiery soil and ash together with stackings such as native turf, plant weeds, i.e. burnt dust-ashes.Add burnt dust-ashes in the described nutrition soil, it can change the physical behavior of nutrition soil, the sick worm of kill harmful, and soil has improved ground temperature through high-temp combustion simultaneously, has strengthened the release of the available nutrient in the soil, has promoted the sprouting power of coffee seedling.

5, coffee is the emerging pollution-free industry in Yunnan, the present invention is the form a complete and comprehensive system for collecting real estate fees important content of technology of Yunnan coffee good year production, make Yunnan coffee that the raising of an order of magnitude not only be arranged on output by implementing the present invention, and quality of coffee also has a qualitative leap, thereby makes Yunnan coffee can occupy certain advantage in international competition.This produces to the poverty-stricken area undoubtedly and has opened up a new road, shakes off poverty and sets out on the road to prosperity to helping the mountain area people, accelerates development of the West Regions and has good social, economy, ecological three big benefits.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

Fresh seeds is removed colloid and sugar on the seed with the faggot ash, clean and turn white, use flushing with clean water again, dry to planting skin; With diluted concentration is that 900 times of carbendazim aqueous solution soak germ extremely, handles with the gibberellin aqueous solution of 200ppm again, can sow.The selection physical features is smooth, and the plot of irrigation conditions is arranged, and surrounds 1 meter wide rectangular furrow with brick or flitch, adorns thin river sand in the furrow, and thickness is 10 centimetres, and is smooth with the plank compacting; Early December, with the seed of handling well, the consumption by 1 kilogram every square metre broadcasts sowing equably on Shamian Island, gently press seed with plank, cover one deck fine sand again, thickness has just covered seed completely, shop one deck pine tree leaf above waters permeablely, makes high 50 centimetres semi-circular arch grid with mulch film.Cover completely around will encircleing grid, opened the arch film every 6 days, observe, if sand turns white, spray water again, this process needs 60 days; Mid-February, the bean sprouts begins to sprout, and priority is exposed Shamian Island, in time pine tree leaf is chosen to the greatest extent, and will be added a cover concealment net booth, to keep moisture content and the temperature in the film, 30 ℃ of temperature in the shed, temperature is too high, will encircle immediately film open aeration-cooling, spray diluted concentration weekly and be 900 times Bavistin once, this process needs 30 days, select 14 * 18 centimetres nutritious bag for use, dress nutrition soil in the bag, nutrition soil proportioning is, native country: leaf mould: burnt dust-ashes=2: 1: 1, soil in the bag is watered before transplanting seedlings moisteningly, late Febuary treats that cotyledon is longer and just can transplant seedlings, when transplanting seedlings with a circular cone waddy at the slotting aperture in the middle part of nutritious bag, the degree of depth is long consistent with root, vertically seedling is put into the hole, at both sides extruding soil, root is contacted with soil with rod.Water permeablely after planting, build the high 1.8 meters concealment net booth of lid on it; Use sprinkler irrigation method, keep the moisture content in the nutritious bag, after transplanting seedlings, every 10 days, with the pouring of clear liquid dung, water altogether three times, later in conjunction with uprooting weed, loosen the soil, execute secondary composite fertilizer again, each 10 every bag, in this process, execute diluted concentration and be 800 times the Bavistin aqueous solution 3～4 times, treat that true leaf grows three and can transplant, this process needs 55-65 days; At the beginning of 6 months, young plant grows three pairs of true leaves, and highly about 10～15 centimetres, root is just long to the nutritious bag edge, can be transplanted in the good contour terrace land of excavation.

Embodiment 2

Deal with the agent with lime during except seed treatment, other process is with embodiment 1.

Embodiment 3

Except bactericide adopts the thiophanate methyl aqueous solution, diluted concentration is outside 800 times, and other process is with embodiment 1.

Embodiment 4

Except bactericide adopts the thiophanate methyl aqueous solution, diluted concentration is outside 1000 times, and other process is with embodiment 1.

Claims (1)

1. the method for a coffee seedlings growing, this method comprises the step of following order:

(1) seed treatment

1. fresh seeds is with the mixture process of faggot ash or lime or faggot ash and lime, its weight proportion is a seed: the faggot ash: lime=1: 0.1: 0.01, colloid on the seed and sugared cleaning are turned white to planting skin, use flushing with clean water again, dry surperficial moisture content;

2. be that 800～1000 times of carbendazim or the thiophanate methyl aqueous solution soaked extremely germ 15 minutes with diluted concentration, use the gibberellin treatment of 200PPm again, can sow;

(2) prepare in the seedbed

The selection physical features is smooth, and the plot of irrigation conditions is arranged, and surrounds 1.0～1.2 meters wide rectangular furrow with brick or flitch, adorns thin river sand in the furrow, and thickness is 8～12 centimetres, and is smooth with the plank compacting;

(3) sowing

Early December is with the seed of handling well, by 1 kilogram every square metre consumption, broadcast sowing equably on Shamian Island, gently press seed, cover one deck fine sand again with plank, thickness has just covered seed completely, and shop one deck pine tree leaf waters permeable above, make high 50 centimetres semi-circular arch grid with mulch film, will encircle grid and cover completely all around, opened the arch film every 6～7 days, observe, if sand turns white, to spray water again, this process needs 55～65 days;

(4) seedbed management

Mid-February, the bean sprouts begins to sprout, and successively expose Shamian Island, in time pine tree leaf is chosen to the greatest extent, and will be added a cover concealment net booth, to keep moisture content and the temperature in the film, 25 ℃～35 ℃ of temperature in the shed, temperature is too high, will encircle film immediately and open aeration-cooling, spray diluted concentration weekly and be 800 times carbendazim or Cercobinm once, this process needs 25～30 days;

(5) transplant seedlings

Select 14 * 18 centimetres nutritious bag for use, dress nutrition soil in the bag, nutrition soil proportioning is, native country: leaf mould: burnt dust-ashes=2: 1: 1, soil in the bag is watered before transplanting seedlings moisteningly, treats at the beginning of late Febuary to 3 month that cotyledon is longer just can transplant seedlings, when transplanting seedlings with a circular cone waddy at the slotting aperture in the middle part of nutritious bag, the degree of depth is long consistent with root, vertically seedling is put into the hole, at both sides extruding soil, root is contacted with soil with rod, water permeablely after planting, build the high 1.8 meters concealment net booth of lid on it;

(6) rich water quality management

Use sprinkler irrigation method, keep the moisture content in the nutritious bag, after transplanting seedlings, every 8～12 days, with the pouring of clear liquid dung, water altogether three times, later in conjunction with uprooting weed, loosen the soil, execute secondary composite fertilizer again, each 10～15 every bag, in this process, execute diluted concentration and be 800 times the carbendazim or the Cercobinm aqueous solution 3～4 times, treat that true leaf grows three and can transplant, this process needs 55～65 days;

(7) transplant

At the beginning of 6 months, young plant grows three pairs of true leaves, and highly about 10～15 centimetres, root is just long to the nutritious bag edge, can be transplanted into the field.