CN110771416A - Method for artificially breeding seeds of thinly-flowered cypress branches - Google Patents
Method for artificially breeding seeds of thinly-flowered cypress branches Download PDFInfo
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- CN110771416A CN110771416A CN201910959210.6A CN201910959210A CN110771416A CN 110771416 A CN110771416 A CN 110771416A CN 201910959210 A CN201910959210 A CN 201910959210A CN 110771416 A CN110771416 A CN 110771416A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for artificially breeding cypress branch seeds, which is characterized in that white velveteen is collected to wrap, and capsules on fruit branches are completely mature and cracked and are thickened by the white velveteen; spraying seeds with clear water until the white soft hair wrapped by the seeds does not rise and fall, and soaking for 20-30 min; immediately sowing the seeds after soaking, wherein the sowing substrate is a mixture of mud and sand, covering the seeds with the mixture of mud and sand after sowing, and sprouting 3-5 days after sowing; keeping humidity to 60-65% after seedling emergence, and spraying KH once every 5-7 days after seedling growth to 15-18 days
2PO
4Aqueous solution, then after 45d every 25-And irrigating the decomposed cake with rich water for 30 days to achieve seedling emergence conditions, and finishing the breeding of the flowering cypress branches. The mother plant of the flower thinning cypress branches adopts targeted water and fertilizer management in different growth periods; collecting seeds of the cypress branches, selecting yellow seeds wrapped by white soft hair, and spraying the seeds with clear water to ensure that the germination rate reaches 100 percent in 30 min; mixing the following components in percentage by weight: sand 1: 2 the highest emergence rate can reach more than 95 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an artificial breeding method of cypress branch seeds, belonging to the biological breeding technology.
Background
The flowering cypress branches belong to the genus cypress (Myricaria) of the family Tamaricaceae (Tamaricaceae), are perennial shrubs, are special endangered plants in three gorges reservoir areas, have developed root systems and extremely strong flooding resistance, and are excellent slope protection, bank protection and water and soil conservation plants. Along with the water storage of the three gorges reservoir area, the original land of the flower thinning water cypress branches is completely submerged. Therefore, the method has very important theoretical and practical significance for the development and breeding research of the strain.
The flowering period of the cypress branches of the flower thinning water is 6-9 months, the original land is in a flooded state at the stage, the cypress branches of the flower thinning water can enter a reproductive growth period after the water is withdrawn and the vegetative growth is completed after the cypress branches of the flower thinning water are exposed out of the water, at the moment, in 11 months, the air temperature is gradually reduced, the reproductive growth period is short, the flowering quantity is small, the seeds are formed less and are not full, the seed activity is low, the natural breeding and updating capability is poor, the cypress branches of the flower thinning water are extremely endangered, and the wild population distribution is extremely low.
Due to the rare of the flowering cypress branches and the breaking of the original life habit of wild plants, the flowering cypress branches cause the growth of tender and tender plants, and are difficult to propagate in the three gorges reservoir area when suffering from long-term flooding or long-term drought, or sudden heat in the flooding process (the long-term flooding in the summer flood season) or sudden cold in the drought season (the sudden cold is exposed due to the loss of water in winter).
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem, the invention provides an artificial breeding method of the seeds of the flowering cypress, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mother plant treatment: applying water-soluble fertilizer (N: P: K is a compound fertilizer of 20:10: 10) to the nursery stock of the cypress branch in the vegetative growth period every 15-20 days; applying water-soluble fertilizer (compound fertilizer with N: P: K being 20:10: 10) every 25-30 days in the reproductive growth period; applying water soluble fertilizer (N: P: K is 20:10:10 compound fertilizer) and KH2PO3 every 25-30 days of flowering period to complete the growth of mother plant;
(2) collecting white soft hair of a mother plant for wrapping, and seeds with fully mature and cracked capsules on fruit branches are thickened by the white soft hair and are similar to the seeds in a fallen state;
(3) spraying seeds with clear water until the white soft hair wrapped by the seeds does not rise and fall, and soaking for 20-30 min; regulating the soaking temperature to 5-10 ℃; the clear water can also be an aqueous solution added with 1-4% of ammonium polyphosphate. The purpose of blending and soaking the seeds with the white velveteen is to ensure that the seeds absorb water moderately under the white sticky velveteen, and simultaneously, ammonium polyphosphate with a certain polymerization degree (the polymerization degree is 10-12) is attached to the white velveteen in the condition that the white velveteen is sticky, so that the epidermis of the seeds is promoted to swell, and simultaneously, the nutrition required in the swelling process of the seeds is kept. Under the condition of low temperature of 5-10 ℃, the solubility of the ammonium polyphosphate is relatively low, so that nutrients are not absorbed by the seeds, and the seeds form temperature difference after being sowed again to stimulate germination.
(4) Immediately sowing the seeds after soaking, wherein the sowing substrate is a mixture of mud and sand, covering the seeds with the mixture of mud and sand after sowing, and sprouting 3-5 days after sowing; spraying water and keeping the water content of the matrix to be 75-85% after sowing, and meanwhile, spraying water to the bottom of the matrix for 1-3m
3H, introducing air.
The seeding matrix is sterilized, and the sterilizing agent used in the sterilizing process comprises one or more of mancozeb, carbendazim and potassium permanganate.
(5) Keeping humidity to 60-65% after seedling emergence, and spraying KH once every 5-7 days after seedling growth to 15-18 days
2PO
4Water solution, then irrigating decomposed cake fertilizer water every 25-30 days after 45 days, and finishing the breeding of the flowering cypress branches when the seedling emergence condition is reached
Advantages of the artificial breeding technique of the seeds of the Dracocephalum arborvitae
The method has the advantages that the mother plant of the cypress branches of the flower thinning water cypress branches is artificially subjected to nutrient element regulation and control treatment, the growth of the mother plant is promoted to be robust, a large number of inflorescences are formed, the flowering period is centralized, the seeds are full, the maturity is high, and the problems of low activity and inconsistent maturity of the cypress branches of the flower thinning water cypress seeds are effectively solved;
the method for harvesting and selecting yellow seeds of the cypress branches of the thinned cypress is simple, convenient and easy to implement, has strong practical operability, greatly reduces the working difficulty, reduces the consumption of manpower and material resources in the production practice process, fundamentally improves the working efficiency and saves the production cost;
the method has the advantages that the emergence rate is greatly improved by selecting the cypress branch thinning seeding matrix, the problem of low emergence rate of natural propagation of seeds is effectively solved, the seedling rate is greatly improved by finely managing and protecting after emergence of seedlings, the batch production is realized, and the production cost is reduced.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Mother plant treatment: firstly, the water and fertilizer management of the flower thinning cypress branches protected in the ex-situ is strengthened, and the reproductive growth is promoted. The method for processing the stock plant comprises the following steps: daily elaborate management is carried out on nursery stocks moved to a germplasm resource garden of plants to promote the mother plants of the cypress branches to be robust, N, P, K and P are added every 20d in the vegetative growth period, the ratio of P to K is 20:10:10, water-soluble fertilizer or organic fertilizer (mainly 30% of decomposed cake fertilizer water) are alternately used, and vigorous growth of the mother plants of the cypress branches is promoted; water and fertilizer control is well carried out in the reproductive period, water-soluble fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 10:20:30 is applied every 30 days, and the flower bud differentiation of the parent plant of the thinning cypress branches is promoted by adopting a method combining root irrigation and foliage spraying; controlling water content in the flowering period, and increasing the application of 10:20:20 water-soluble fertilizer and KH in every 30 days
2PO
3And alternately spraying 1000 times of the fertilizer to promote the blooming of the mother plant and nutrients needed by the plants in the flowering period. After the mother plant of the hydrophobic cypress branches is artificially subjected to nutrient element regulation and control treatment, the mother plant grows robustly to form a large number of inflorescences, the flowering period is concentrated, the seeds are full, yellow and high in maturity, and the problems of low activity and inconsistent maturity of the seeds of the hydrophobic cypress branches are effectively solved.
Seed harvesting and processing: the method is characterized in that the flower thinning cypress branches protected in the place of Yangtze river rare plant research institute are planted on land, the life cycle is not flooded by water, the stock plant grows vigorously after artificial nursing, the reproductive growth period is normal, the seed harvesting time is 9 middle and last days, the seeds are yellow and full at the stage and are wrapped by white soft hair, capsules on fruit branches are completely mature and crack, the seeds are thickened by the white soft hair, and harvesting is carried out in a state similar to falling and not falling. The seeds are collected in a stainless steel square plate, and the surface of the seeds is immediately sprayed with clear water, so that the spraying moisture is not too much, and the white soft hair wrapped by the seeds is not easy to rise and fall. Spraying, standing at 5-10 deg.C for 30min until the seeds absorb water completely. The results of the seed germination tests treated by the method show that the seed germination rate reaches 100%, the seed germination rate of the seeds which are not sprayed by any treatment means is only 58.5%, the seed germination rate after treatment is obviously higher than that of the untreated seeds, and the method is simple and convenient to operate.
Selecting a seeding matrix and managing after seedling formation: the seeds are harvested and sowed at the same time, and the seeds are not suitable to be placed for more than 1 hour. The seeding matrix is selected from mud: sand 1: 2 (selecting silt accumulated in the riverway after heavy rain, which is characterized by being rich in organic matters, loose and good in air permeability) matrix for testing, covering 0.5cm matrix after sowing, wherein the matrix is not covered too thickly, the temperature is kept at about 20 ℃, the humidity is 80%, and the illumination intensity is 30000 LX. The rate of emergence was counted 3 days after sowing, and the results showed that: the emergence rate in the sowing test of the cypress branches of the thinned flowers is 95.85 percent, and the maximum value of the emergence rate of the sown flowers reaches an ideal level of more than 95 percent. Because the seeds of the hydrophobic cypress branches are small, the emergence is weak and small, the requirements on water and fertilizer during the later period of management and protection are strict, the humidity at the initial stage of emergence reaches about 65 percent, the seedlings grow to 15 days, and 2000-time KH is sprayed every 7 days
2PO
3The water solution is watered with 10 percent of decomposed cake fertilizer water at regular intervals after 45 days, the seedling rate of the cypress branches is effectively promoted to reach more than 60 percent through a series of management measures, the method overcomes the defect of low seedling rate of the sown cypress branches, the method is simple and easy to implement, and a large number of seedlings are bred through the method and are applied to production practice.
Example 2
Mother plant treatment: firstly, the water and fertilizer management of the flower thinning cypress branches protected in the ex-situ is strengthened, and the reproductive growth is promoted. The method for processing the stock plant comprises the following steps: daily elaborate management is carried out on nursery stocks moved to a germplasm resource garden of plants to promote the mother plants of the cypress branches to be robust, N, P, K and P are added every 20d in the vegetative growth period, the ratio of P to K is 20:10:10, water-soluble fertilizer or organic fertilizer (mainly 30% of decomposed cake fertilizer water) are alternately used, and vigorous growth of the mother plants of the cypress branches is promoted; water and fertilizer control is well carried out in the reproductive period, water-soluble fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 10:20:30 is applied every 30 days, and the flower bud differentiation of the parent plant of the thinning cypress branches is promoted by adopting a method combining root irrigation and foliage spraying; controlling water content in the flowering period, and increasing the application of 10:20:20 water-soluble fertilizer and KH in every 30 days
2PO
3And alternately spraying 1000 times of the fertilizer to promote the blooming of the mother plant and nutrients needed by the plants in the flowering period. After the mother plant of the cypress branches of the flower thinning is artificially regulated and controlled by nutrient elements, the mother plant grows strongly and is shapedThe method has the advantages of forming a large number of inflorescences, concentrating the flowering period, plump seeds, yellow seeds and high maturity, and effectively solves the problems of low activity and inconsistent maturation period of the seeds of the flowering cypress branches.
Seed harvesting and processing: the method is characterized in that the flower thinning cypress branches protected in the place of Yangtze river rare plant research institute are planted on land, the life cycle is not flooded by water, the stock plant grows vigorously after artificial nursing, the reproductive growth period is normal, the seed harvesting time is 9 middle and last days, the seeds are yellow and full at the stage and are wrapped by white soft hair, capsules on fruit branches are completely mature and crack, the seeds are thickened by the white soft hair, and harvesting is carried out in a state similar to falling and not falling. The seeds are collected in a stainless steel square plate, and the surfaces of the seeds are immediately sprayed by using 3% ammonium polyphosphate water solution, the spraying moisture is not excessive, and the white soft hair wrapped by the seeds is not easy to rise and fall. Spraying, standing at 5-10 deg.C for 30min until the seeds absorb water completely. The results of the seed germination tests treated by the method show that the seed germination rate reaches 100%, the seed germination rate of the seeds which are not sprayed by any treatment means is only 58.5%, the seed germination rate after treatment is obviously higher than that of the untreated seeds, and the method is simple and convenient to operate.
Selecting a seeding matrix and managing after seedling formation: the seeds are harvested and sowed at the same time, and the seeds are not suitable to be placed for more than 1 hour. The seeding matrix is selected from mud: sand 1: 2 (selecting silt accumulated in the riverway after rainstorm, which is characterized by being rich in organic matters, loose and good in air permeability) matrix for testing, covering 0.5cm of matrix after sowing, wherein the matrix is not covered too thickly, the temperature is kept at 20 ℃, the humidity is 85 percent, and the illumination intensity is 30000 LX. The rate of emergence was counted 3 days after sowing, and the results showed that: the rate of emergence in the sowing test of the cypress branches is 97.2%. Because the seeds of the hydrophobic cypress branches are small, the emergence is weak and small, the requirements on water and fertilizer during the later period of management and protection are strict, the humidity at the initial stage of emergence reaches about 65 percent, the seedlings grow to 15 days, and 2000-time KH is sprayed every 7 days
2PO
3Water solution, after 45 days, the mixture is regularly irrigated with 10 percent of decomposed cake fertilizer water, through a series of management measures, the seedling rate of the cypress branches is effectively promoted to reach more than 60 percent, the method overcomes the defect of low seedling rate of the cypress branches, the method is simple and easy to implement, and a large number of seedlings are bred by the method and applied to production practiceIn (1).
Claims (6)
1. An artificial breeding method of the seeds of the lyophobic cypress branches is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) harvesting white velveteen wrapped seeds with fully mature and cracked capsules on fruit branches and sticky seeds with white velveteen;
(2) spraying seeds with clear water until the white soft hair wrapped by the seeds does not rise and fall, and soaking for 20-30 min;
(3) immediately sowing the seeds after soaking, wherein the sowing substrate is a mixture of mud and sand, covering the seeds with the mixture of mud and sand after sowing, and sprouting 3-5 days after sowing;
(4) keeping humidity to 60-65% after seedling emergence, and spraying KH once every 5-7 days after seedling growth to 15-18 days
2PO
4And (5) irrigating decomposed cake fertilizer water every 25-30 days after 45 days by using the aqueous solution, and finishing the breeding of the flowering cypress branches when the seedling emergence condition is reached.
2. The method for the artificial propagation of the lyophobic cypress branch seeds according to claim 1, wherein the clear water can also be an aqueous solution added with 1% -4% of ammonium polyphosphate.
3. The method for artificial propagation of the seeds of the flowering cypress trees according to claim 1, wherein the soaking temperature is adjusted to 5-10 ℃.
4. The method for artificially breeding the cypress branch seeds with thinner flowers according to claim 1, wherein the sowing substrates are sterilized, and the sterilizing agent used in the sterilizing process comprises one or more of mancozeb, carbendazim and potassium permanganate.
5. The method for artificial propagation of the seeds of the flowering cypress according to claim 1, wherein after sowing, spraying water while maintaining the water content of the substrate at 75-85% and simultaneously feeding 1-3m toward the bottom of the substrate
3H, introducing air.
6. The method for artificial propagation of the sparse cypress branch seeds according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of mud to water in a mud-sand mixed matrix is as follows: the mass ratio of the sand is 1: 2-3.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111758328A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-10-13 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Microenvironment breeding method for thinly flowered cypress branches |
| CN114946662A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-08-30 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Method for rapid propagation by using stems of thinleaf cypress branches |
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Application publication date: 20200211 |