CN110800572A - Yield-increasing and efficiency-improving asparagus cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an asparagus cultivation method capable of increasing yield and efficiency, which comprises the following steps: s1 seed treatment; s2 seedling raising; s3 field planting: planting in the first ten days of 6 months to the last 10 months, applying thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer 15t/hm before planting²750kg/hm potassium sulfate compound fertilizer²As base fertilizer, deeply ploughing land to a depth of 35-40cm, leveling ground, uniformly spreading storage roots of asparagus during field planting, planting according to a plant-row spacing of 20cm × 180cm, watering thoroughly, and treading on soil; s4 managing after planting, and timely preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests during the managing period after planting. According to the method, conditions of the asparagus are controlled in different stages of asparagus seed selection, seedling raising, field planting, post management and the like, and the asparagus can be optimally treated in different stages through specific seed treatment methods, seedling raising methods, fertilization, soil treatment and the like.

Description

Yield-increasing and efficiency-improving asparagus cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a yield-increasing and efficiency-improving asparagus cultivation method.

Background

Asparagus is a perennial herb of the genus Asparagus of the family Asparagus, and asparagus is eaten by tender stems and is a valuable vegetable with very high nutritional value. The asparagus is rich in various amino acids, proteins and vitamins, the content of the asparagus is higher than that of common fruits, vegetables and fruits, particularly asparagine and trace elements such as selenium, molybdenum, chromium, manganese and the like in the asparagus, and the asparagus has the effects of regulating the metabolism of organisms and improving the immunity of the bodies. The asparagus is suitable for sandy loam rich in organic matters, and has good growth performance on fertile soil with loose soil, deep soil layer, good fertilizer and water retention and good air permeability. The demand for asparagus in the market is very large, and a plurality of techniques related to the asparagus cultivation are provided.

Chinese patent with patent number CN201610901654.0 discloses a greenhouse asparagus cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: step one, building a greenhouse; step two, preparing a base fertilizer; step three, preparing land before sowing; step four, sowing: then, the asparagus seedlings are planted in the ditches in order, the distance between the asparagus seedlings and the base fertilizer is controlled to be 8-15 cm, the base fertilizer is prevented from burning roots, and the pit distance is required to be 20-30 cm; step five, field management: watering once every 2 days after the asparagus seedlings are planted, wherein the watering time is before 9 points in the morning or after 6 points in the evening, so that the survival rate of the asparagus seedlings is ensured, and when new branches of the asparagus seedlings grow high, the asparagus seedlings are placed around each asparagus seedling in a fine frame manner, so that the growth of mother seedlings is ensured; and step six, harvesting. The method can effectively control the growth speed of the asparagus, but a lot of diseases and insect pests still occur in the asparagus planting process, so that the method is a technical problem to be solved urgently in the asparagus planting field by controlling the diseases and the insect pests in the asparagus planting process and increasing the yield of the asparagus.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a yield-increasing and efficiency-improving asparagus cultivation method, conditions of asparagus are controlled in different stages of asparagus seed selection, seedling culture, field planting, post management and the like, and the asparagus can be optimally treated in different stages by a specific seed treatment method, a seedling culture mode, fertilization, soil treatment and the like.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

a method for cultivating asparagus with increased yield and efficiency comprises the following steps:

s1 seed treatment: removing impurities from seeds, cleaning, soaking the seeds in normal-temperature water for 60 hours, changing water every 12 hours in the soaking process, soaking the seeds in 500 times of 50% carbendazim 300-containing liquid for 3 hours after soaking, wrapping the fully-imbibed seeds with clean wet gauze, putting the wrapped seeds into a 24-26 ℃ incubator for germination acceleration, elutriating the seeds with clean water every 12 hours, completing germination acceleration when 10% -20% of the seeds are exposed to the white, and waiting for sowing;

s2 seedling culture: sowing seeds which accelerate germination to be sown in a hole tray, sowing one seed in each hole, then uniformly covering a substrate with the thickness of 2-3cm, watering thoroughly in time after sowing, covering a layer of mulching film, uncovering the mulching film when the proportion of emergence of seedlings reaches 10% -12%, spraying 2% of water-soluble fertilizer when the height of seedlings reaches 10cm, spraying once after three weeks, and selecting seedlings which have no plant diseases and insect pests, have more than 3 overground stems and have more than 3 stored roots for field planting when the seedling age is 58-62 d;

s3 field planting: planting in the first ten days of 6 months to the last 10 months, applying thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer 15t/hm before planting²750kg/hm potassium sulfate compound fertilizer²As base fertilizer, deeply ploughing land to a depth of 35-40cm, leveling the ground, uniformly spreading the storage roots of the asparagus during field planting, carrying out field planting according to the plant-row spacing of 20cm × 180cm, wherein the field planting depth is 12-14cm, then watering thoroughly, and treading on the soil;

s4 management after planting:

managing in the first year; cultivating after planting to loosen the land, topdressing after seedling recovering, applying 3kg of urea and 2.5kg of potassium oxide per hectare, and applying the fertilizer once every 2 d;

managing in the second year; cleaning dry branches in 3 months, burning, retting fertilizer, ridging, taking the planting furrows as central lines, ridging ridges with the height of 20cm and the width of 40cm inwards with soil on two sides, applying 1000kg of organic fertilizer per hectare in combination with inter-ridge farming, applying 1000kg of autumn fertilizer again in the last ten days of 8 months, applying 2000kg of high-quality fertilizer per hectare; topping when the distance between plants is 120cm, pulling the wire netting to prevent the wire netting from falling down, and paying attention to drainage;

managing in the third year; after the full-production period, the tender shoots growing before the middle ten days of the 5 months can be completely harvested, 2-3 stock plants can be left according to the growth situation later, and ditching and fertilizing can be carried out once before hilling in spring every year;

and (5) performing pest control in time during the management period after planting.

Further, in the step S2, the specification of the plug is 32-50 holes, and the matrix is turfy soil, vermiculite and perlite according to the ratio of 2: 1: 1, and mixing uniformly.

Further, the mulching film in the step S2 is prepared by the following method:

(1) mixing gelatin and deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:65-66, absorbing water for swelling, and slowly heating under stirring to dissolve gelatin to obtain a viscous body;

(2) mixing palm fiber and bamboo fiber at a ratio of 4:1The mixture is delivered into a carding machine after being mixed and opened according to the mass ratio, and is carded into a net to obtain the product with the surface density of 40g/m²The web of (a);

(3) and then curing and molding the fiber web on a vulcanizing machine by using the adhesive body to obtain the mulching film.

Further, the molding temperature in the molding process of the step (3) is 125-130 ℃, the molding pressure is 4-4.5MPa, and the adding amount of the adhesive is 6-6.2% of the mass of the fiber web.

Further, the pest control method comprises the following steps:

1) at the bottom of 7 months or 12 months, cleaning the garden, cutting off dead branches and yellow leaves, cleaning the garden in winter to completely remove overground parts, burning out intensively, coating medicine for prevention when new stems grow to be up to 10cm, and mixing and stirring the medicine slurry with 2.5L of water, 10g of daconing, 1kg of colloidal sulfur and 5mL of an adhesive for pesticides;

2) preventing and treating root rot, avoiding soil from being too wet or seeping, and preventing and treating root with 500 times of liquid of 25% carbendazim wettable powder;

3) the prodenia litura is controlled, intertillage weeding, winter irrigation and deep soil turning are carried out in the pupal stage, larval larvae are captured in the morning or in the evening in the full-fleshed period of ova, adults are trapped and killed by using a black light lamp or a sugar-vinegar solution, the pesticide is uniformly mixed by using a 1000-fold solution of 90% trichlorfon crystals, a 1000-fold solution of 40% lesquerade and a 2500-fold solution of 1.8% of tebufenk missible oil, and the pesticide is sprayed 4-5d in the evening after the spawning peak.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

in the asparagus seedling raising period, the seedling raising is carried out by adopting a mulching film covering mode, the mulching film is a self-made degradable mulching film, the breaking strength of the prepared mulching film is high and reaches more than 950N/m, the prepared mulching film has good air permeability and moisture permeability, the air permeability is more than 3500mm/s, and the moisture permeability is 100 g/(m) m²H) above, and the light transmittance is above 70%, which shows that the prepared mulching film has good air permeability, moisture permeability and light transmittance, the selected materials are palm fiber, bamboo fiber and gelatin, and can be biodegraded, the obtained mulching film can be effectively degraded, does not pollute farmlands, and meets the requirement of environmental protection; in the growth process of asparagus, the temperature requirement is high, the germination period is suitable for 25-30 ℃, and the growth period of tender shoots is suitable for 15 DEG CWhen the temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the tender shoots have a faster growth speed at the temperature of-20 ℃; the mode of mulching the mulching film is adopted, the operation is simple and convenient, the temperature can be increased and the heat can be preserved on the premise of saving energy, a more suitable growth and development environment is provided for the asparagus, meanwhile, the mulching film has good air permeability, moisture permeability and light transmittance, the rest growth conditions of the mulching film can not be influenced while the temperature is increased and the heat is preserved, and the growth of the asparagus seedlings is facilitated;

according to the method, in the asparagus cultivation process, full pest control is carried out after field planting, different pests are controlled by adopting different methods, and the yield and the quality of the asparagus can be improved;

according to the method, conditions of the asparagus are controlled in different stages of asparagus seed selection, seedling raising, field planting, post management and the like, and the asparagus can be optimally treated in different stages through specific seed treatment methods, seedling raising methods, fertilization, soil treatment and the like.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

A method for cultivating asparagus with increased yield and efficiency comprises the following steps:

s1 seed treatment: selecting high-quality asparagus seeds, treating the seeds before sowing, washing the seeds clean by using clear water, selecting the seeds by using the clear water, and removing shriveled particles, small impurities and the like in the seeds; then placing the mixture in normal temperature water for soaking for 60 hours, and changing water every 12 hours for 1 time in the soaking process; soaking the seeds in 500 times of 50% carbendazim 300-containing liquid for 3 hours after fishing out; after seed soaking, wrapping the fully imbibed seeds with clean wet gauze, putting the wrapped seeds in an incubator at 24-26 ℃ for accelerating germination, elutriating the seeds with clear water for 1 time every 12 hours, and finishing accelerating germination when 10% -20% of the seeds are exposed to white, and waiting for sowing;

s2 seedling culture: a plug seedling method is adopted, the specification of the plug is 32-50 holes, and the matrix is turfy soil, vermiculite and perlite according to the ratio of 2: 1: 1, mixing uniformly; sowing seeds which are accelerated to sprout and are to be sown in a hole tray, sowing 1 seed in each hole, then uniformly covering a layer of matrix with the thickness of about 2-3cm, and watering thoroughly in time after sowing; covering 1 layer of mulching film, uncovering the mulching film when the proportion of seedlings reaches about 10-12%, keeping proper moisture condition on the seedbed after the mulching film is uncovered to ensure the seedlings are aligned, spraying 2 per thousand of water-soluble fertilizer when the height of the seedlings reaches about 10cm, and spraying for 1 time after 3 weeks; when the seedlings are about 58-62 days old, the height of the seedlings can generally exceed 25cm, and seedlings which are free of plant diseases and insect pests, have more than 3 overground stems and have more than 3 stored roots are selected for field planting;

s3 field planting: the asparagus is suitable for field planting from 6 to 10 months, and fully decomposed organic fertilizer is applied for 15t/hm before field planting²About 750kg/hm potassium sulfate compound fertilizer²Taking the asparagus as a base fertilizer, then deeply ploughing the land (with the depth of 35-40 cm), fully raking the soil blocks, leveling the ground, uniformly spreading the storage roots of the asparagus during field planting, carrying out field planting according to the plant-row spacing of 20cm multiplied by 180cm, wherein the field planting depth is preferably about 13-14cm, then watering thoroughly, and fully compacting the soil;

s4 management after planting:

managing in the first year; cultivating, loosening land, and topdressing after seedling recovering, wherein each 667m²Applying 3kg of urea and 2.5kg of potassium oxide, and applying the fertilizer for 1 time every 2 days; spraying insecticide to control cutworms after planting, spraying a small amount of Bordeaux mixture to control diseases, and spraying the insecticide for 1 time every 10 days; 8-9 months, high temperature, high humidity and poor field ventilation, and further needs to strengthen the pest control work;

managing in the second year; clearing the dry branches in 3 months, burning, retting fertilizers, ridging, taking the planting furrows as central lines, ridging ridges with the height of 20cm and the width of 40cm inwards with soil on two sides, applying 1000kg of high-quality organic fertilizer every 667m2 by combining inter-ridge farming, applying 1000kg of autumn fertilizer in the last ten days of 8 months, and applying 2000kg of high-quality fertilizer every 667m 2. Fertilizing, watering according to the soil condition, topping when the distance between plants is 120cm, conditionally preventing the wire netting from falling down, and meanwhile, paying attention to drainage;

managing in the third year; proper harvesting is needed, the harvesting time and the harvesting quantity are determined according to the previous year management condition and the growth vigor, after the full-production period, all the young shoots growing before the middle ten days of 5 months can be harvested, 2-3 mother plants can be left according to the growth vigor condition later, and 1 time of ditching and fertilizing can be carried out before hilling in spring every year;

the pest control method in the cultivation process comprises the following steps:

1) at the bottom of 7 months or 12 months, cleaning the garden, cutting off dead branches and yellow leaves, cleaning the garden in winter to completely remove overground parts, burning out intensively, coating medicine for prevention when new stems grow to be up to 10cm, and mixing and stirring the medicine slurry with 2.5L of water, 10g of daconing, 1kg of colloidal sulfur and 5mL of adhesive for pesticides;

2) root rot, which mainly damages stem base and root and seriously occurs after the roots of asparagus are soaked by polluted water, a prevention method avoids soil from being too wet or accumulated water, and the pesticide can be used for preventing and treating roots from being drenched by 500 times of 25% carbendazim wettable powder;

3) asparagus insect pest is mainly prodenia litura, the larva bites stem and branch and leaf, the control method, carry on intertillage weeding, winter irrigation in pupal stage, turn over the soil deeply, in the full stage of ovum, catch the larva of old age manually in the morning or evening, trap and kill the adult, can trap and kill with black light lamp or sugar vinegar liquid, the medicament uses: uniformly mixing 90% 1000 times liquid of trichlorfon crystal, 40% 1000 times liquid of leston and 1.8% 2500 times liquid of tebufenk missible oil, and spraying the pesticide in the evening 4-5d after the peak of spawning with the best effect;

the pest control method can be used for pest control of asparagus in different growth periods, and the yield and the quality of the asparagus are improved;

the mulching film is prepared by the following method:

(1) mixing gelatin and deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:65-66, absorbing water for swelling, and slowly heating under stirring to dissolve gelatin to obtain a viscous body;

(2) mixing and opening palm fibers and bamboo fibers in a mass ratio of 4:1, then sending the mixture into a carding machine, carding to form a net, and obtaining the palm fibers and the bamboo fibers with the surface density of 40g/m²The web of (a);

(3) then, solidifying and molding the fiber net on a vulcanizing machine by utilizing the adhesive body to prepare the mulching film; wherein the molding temperature is 125-130 ℃, the molding pressure is 4-4.5MPa, and the adding amount of the adhesive is 6-6.2% of the mass of the fiber web;

the prepared mulching film has high breaking strength up to more than 950N/m, good air and moisture permeability, air permeability of more than 3500mm/s and moisture permeability of 100 g/(m)²H) above, and the light transmittance is above 70%, which shows that the prepared mulching film has good air permeability, moisture permeability and light transmittance, the selected materials are palm fiber, bamboo fiber and gelatin, and can be biodegraded, the obtained mulching film can be effectively degraded, does not pollute farmlands, and meets the requirement of environmental protection; in the growth process of asparagus, the requirement on temperature is high, the germination period is suitable for 25-30 ℃, the growth period of tender shoots is suitable for 15-20 ℃, and when the temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the tender shoots have higher growth speed; the mode of mulching the mulching film is adopted, the operation is simple and convenient, the temperature can be increased and the heat can be preserved on the premise of saving energy, a more suitable growth and development environment is provided for the asparagus, meanwhile, the mulching film has good air permeability, moisture permeability and light transmittance, the rest growth conditions of the mulching film can not be influenced while the temperature is increased and the heat is preserved, and the growth of the asparagus seedlings is facilitated.

Through tests, the yield of the asparagus cultivated by the method reaches 1900-2000 jin per mu.

The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.

Claims (5)

1. A method for cultivating asparagus with increased production and efficiency is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1 seed treatment: removing impurities from seeds, cleaning, soaking the seeds in normal-temperature water for 60 hours, changing water every 12 hours in the soaking process, soaking the seeds in 500 times of 50% carbendazim 300-containing liquid for 3 hours after soaking, wrapping the fully-imbibed seeds with clean wet gauze, putting the wrapped seeds into a 24-26 ℃ incubator for germination acceleration, elutriating the seeds with clean water every 12 hours, completing germination acceleration when 10% -20% of the seeds are exposed to the white, and waiting for sowing;

s2 seedling culture: sowing seeds which accelerate germination to be sown in a hole tray, sowing one seed in each hole, then uniformly covering a substrate with the thickness of 2-3cm, watering thoroughly in time after sowing, covering a layer of mulching film, uncovering the mulching film when the proportion of emergence of seedlings reaches 10% -12%, spraying 2% of water-soluble fertilizer when the height of seedlings reaches 10cm, spraying once after three weeks, and selecting seedlings which have no plant diseases and insect pests, have more than 3 overground stems and have more than 3 stored roots for field planting when the seedling age is 58-62 d;

s3 field planting: planting in the first ten days of 6 months to the last 10 months, applying thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer 15t/hm before planting²750kg/hm potassium sulfate compound fertilizer²As base fertilizer, deeply ploughing land to a depth of 35-40cm, leveling the ground, uniformly spreading the storage roots of the asparagus during field planting, carrying out field planting according to the plant-row spacing of 20cm × 180cm, wherein the field planting depth is 12-14cm, then watering thoroughly, and treading on the soil;

s4 management after planting:

managing in the first year; cultivating after planting to loosen the land, topdressing after seedling recovering, applying 3kg of urea and 2.5kg of potassium oxide per hectare, and applying the fertilizer once every 2 d;

managing in the second year; cleaning dry branches in 3 months, burning, retting fertilizer, ridging, taking the planting furrows as central lines, ridging ridges with the height of 20cm and the width of 40cm inwards with soil on two sides, applying 1000kg of organic fertilizer per hectare in combination with inter-ridge farming, applying 1000kg of autumn fertilizer again in the last ten days of 8 months, applying 2000kg of high-quality fertilizer per hectare; topping when the distance between plants is 120cm, pulling the wire netting to prevent the wire netting from falling down, and paying attention to drainage;

managing in the third year; after the full-production period, the tender shoots growing before the middle ten days of the 5 months can be completely harvested, 2-3 stock plants can be left according to the growth situation later, and ditching and fertilizing can be carried out once before hilling in spring every year;

and (5) performing pest control in time during the management period after planting.

2. The asparagus cultivation method for increasing yield and improving efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the specifications of the plug tray in the step S2 are 32-50 holes, and the matrix is turfy soil, vermiculite and perlite according to the ratio of 2: 1: 1, and mixing uniformly.

3. The method for cultivating asparagus with increased yield and efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the mulching film in the step S2 is prepared by the following steps:

(1) mixing gelatin and deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:65-66, absorbing water for swelling, and slowly heating under stirring to dissolve gelatin to obtain a viscous body;

(2) mixing and opening palm fibers and bamboo fibers in a mass ratio of 4:1, then sending the mixture into a carding machine, carding to form a net, and obtaining the palm fibers and the bamboo fibers with the surface density of 40g/m²The web of (a);

(3) and then curing and molding the fiber web on a vulcanizing machine by using the adhesive body to obtain the mulching film.

4. The asparagus cultivation method for increasing production and efficiency as claimed in claim 3, wherein the molding temperature in the molding process of step (3) is 125-130 ℃, the molding pressure is 4-4.5MPa, and the addition amount of the adhesive is 6-6.2% of the mass of the fiber web.

5. A yield and efficiency increasing asparagus cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pest control method comprises the following steps:

1) at the bottom of 7 months or 12 months, cleaning the garden, cutting off dead branches and yellow leaves, cleaning the garden in winter to completely remove overground parts, burning out intensively, coating medicine for prevention when new stems grow to be up to 10cm, and mixing and stirring the medicine slurry with 2.5L of water, 10g of daconing, 1kg of colloidal sulfur and 5mL of an adhesive for pesticides;

2) preventing and treating root rot, avoiding soil from being too wet or seeping, and preventing and treating root with 500 times of liquid of 25% carbendazim wettable powder;

3) the prodenia litura is controlled, intertillage weeding, winter irrigation and deep soil turning are carried out in the pupal stage, larval larvae are captured in the morning or in the evening in the full-fleshed period of ova, adults are trapped and killed by using a black light lamp or a sugar-vinegar solution, the pesticide is uniformly mixed by using a 1000-fold solution of 90% trichlorfon crystals, a 1000-fold solution of 40% lesquerade and a 2500-fold solution of 1.8% of tebufenk missible oil, and the pesticide is sprayed 4-5d in the evening after the spawning peak.