CN113133392A - Eggplant planting and seedling raising method - Google Patents
Eggplant planting and seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113133392A CN113133392A CN202110451706.XA CN202110451706A CN113133392A CN 113133392 A CN113133392 A CN 113133392A CN 202110451706 A CN202110451706 A CN 202110451706A CN 113133392 A CN113133392 A CN 113133392A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an eggplant planting and seedling raising method, which comprises the steps of soaking seeds in warm water, washing with clean water, carrying out temperature-changing germination acceleration, and sowing when the seeds are exposed to the white; the seed bed is paved with culture soil, compacted and watered thoroughly, and then seeds which accelerate germination are broadcast: before and after the emergence of seedlings, the soil temperature of the culture soil is well controlled, the ventilation is gradually carried out at the later stage of the emergence of the seeds, and low-temperature exercise is carried out before seedling separation; when two true leaves grow out from the seedling, carrying out eggplant seedling division; controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be not lower than 10 ℃ in greenhouse cultivation, and then transplanting the seedlings into a protected field for field planting; the field planting is carried out at the temperature of not lower than 14 ℃. The invention adopts the new technology of soaking seeds in warm water and accelerating germination at variable temperature, improves the germination rate of the seeds, and adopts two seedling management methods of a seedling reviving stage and a seedling hardening stage, thereby improving the survival rate of the seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of eggplant planting, in particular to an eggplant planting and seedling raising method.
Background
Eggplants are one of important economic crops and are widely cultivated in China. The eggplant has rich varieties and is divided into spring sowing eggplant and autumn sowing eggplant, and the main varieties comprise Hunan early eggplant, Hunan early large red eggplant, Yu early eggplant, Hainan eggplant, Changfeng No. two, Duzhou eggplant, Hunan late eggplant No. 6 and No. 9 (autumn cultivation). The eggplant seeds have long germination period, and the seedling period is the turning period from the excessive vegetative growth of the eggplant to the reproductive growth and the same development of the vegetative growth, and can directly influence the formation of organs and the yield of eggplant products. The excellent strong eggplant seedlings can be cultivated, the transplanting survival rate of the eggplant seedlings can be improved, and high-quality eggplants can be produced. The existing eggplant planting and seedling raising technology mainly has the defects of long germination period, low germination rate, low seedling survival rate and low seedling quality, and directly influences the yield in the later period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a novel eggplant planting and seedling raising method.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an eggplant planting and seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
b1, seed treatment: soaking seeds in warm water, after the water temperature naturally drops to room temperature, washing the seeds with clear water, soaking the seeds for 5 to 7 hours at the room temperature, then carrying out temperature change germination acceleration, and sowing when the seeds are exposed to the white;
b2, sowing: spreading culture soil in the seedbed, treading the culture soil, watering thoroughly, and then sowing seeds for accelerating germination, wherein the sowing amount per square meter is 2.5-3.5 g, and the seeds cannot be too dense, otherwise, damping-off easily occurs;
b3, seedbed management: keeping the soil temperature of culture soil between 25 and 30 ℃ before seed emergence, keeping the soil temperature of the culture soil between 25 and 35 ℃ in the daytime and the soil temperature of the culture soil between 13 and 15 ℃ at night after the seeds emerge, fully exposing the seedlings in the daytime, spraying chlorothalonil once 5 to 10 days after the seeds emerge, gradually ventilating in the later period, increasing ventilation 5 to 7 days before seedling separation, and carrying out low-temperature exercise;
b4, seedling separation management: after 1 month of seedling emergence of the seeds sowed in early spring, after 18-20 days of seedling emergence of the seeds sowed in autumn, when two true leaves grow out of the seedlings, carrying out seedling division on the eggplant seedlings;
b5, planting: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be not lower than 10 ℃ in greenhouse cultivation, and then transplanting the seedlings into a protected field for field planting; the field planting is carried out when the temperature is not lower than 14 ℃; the planting density of early spring eggplant seedlings is 1500-1800 plants per mu, and the planting density of autumn eggplant seedlings is 900-1100 plants.
Preferably, in the step B1, the seeds are soaked in warm water at 50-60 ℃, after the water temperature naturally drops to room temperature, the seeds are washed by clean water, then the seeds are soaked in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 8-13 minutes, the seeds are washed by clean water, then the seeds are soaked for 5-7 hours at room temperature, then the seeds are put into a seed breeding box for temperature-variable germination acceleration, the temperature in the seed breeding box is kept at 28-32 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature in the seed breeding box is kept at 13-17 ℃ at night, the germination acceleration is carried out for 60-90 hours at the temperature of 13-17 ℃, and the seeds are sowed when the seeds are exposed to the white.
Preferably, in step B1, the seeds are soaked in warm water at 55 ℃, after the water temperature naturally drops to room temperature, the seeds are washed with clean water, then soaked in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, washed with clean water, and then soaked at room temperature for 6 hours, then the seeds are put into a seed breeding box for temperature-variable germination acceleration, the temperature in the breeding box is kept at 30 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature in the breeding box is kept at 15 ℃ at night, the temperature-variable germination acceleration is carried out for 72 hours, and the seeds are sowed when the seeds are exposed to the white.
Preferably, in step B2, the culture soil is spread into the seedbed, the thickness of the culture soil is controlled to be 3-4 cm, the culture soil is compacted and is watered thoroughly with clear water, and then seeds promoting germination are sown, wherein the sowing amount per square meter is 3 g, and the seeds cannot be too dense.
Preferably, in step B3, the soil temperature of the culture soil is kept at 28 ℃ before the seeds emerge, the seedlings can emerge in 65-80 hours generally, after the seeds emerge, the soil temperature of the culture soil is kept at 30 ℃ in the daytime, the soil temperature of the culture soil is kept at 14 ℃ at night, the seedlings are fully exposed to light in the daytime, the seedlings are sprayed once by chlorothalonil 8 days after the seeds emerge, the ventilation is gradually performed in the later period, the ventilation volume is increased 6 days before the seedlings are separated, and the low-temperature exercise is performed.
Preferably, in step B4, the seedling division management is divided into two stages, namely, seedling recovery stage management and seedling hardening stage management.
Preferably, in step B4, the seedling rejuvenation management is: keeping the constant temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse at 25-30 ℃, shading at noon, avoiding direct irradiation of strong light, starting growth of heart leaves of the seedlings after 3-7 days, then reducing the temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse to 11-15 ℃ at night, separating the seedlings when the seedlings grow two true leaves, and spraying chlorothalonil once after the seedlings are separated.
Preferably, in step B4, the seedling exercising period management is: and (3) increasing the ventilation volume of the seedlings after seedling separation 5-7 days before field planting, controlling watering, hardening the squat seedlings, spraying 600 times of Dasheng, furazolidone or chlorothalonil to the seedbed 1-2 days before field planting to carry out field planting with the pesticide, and strictly forbidding field planting 1-2 days after the outburst of yin.
The invention has the following technical effects:
the invention adopts a new technology of soaking seeds in warm water and accelerating germination at variable temperature. The seeds are soaked and stimulated by warm water at 50-60 ℃ to enter a germination state, and then soaked and disinfected by a 1% potassium permanganate solution to remove germs harmful to subsequent germination and seedling growth, then the seeds are placed in a seed breeding box for variable-temperature germination acceleration, the temperature in the breeding box is kept at 28-32 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature in the breeding box is kept at 13-17 ℃ in the night, the variable-temperature germination acceleration is carried out for 60-90 hours, the seeds are further excited and the growth of tender buds is accelerated through periodic high-low temperature conversion and repeated temperature difference stimulation, the germination time is shortened, the germination rate is improved, and the germination is more orderly and consistent. By adopting the warm water seed soaking and variable-temperature germination accelerating method provided by the invention, the germination rate of the seeds is high, the seedling raising time is short, stronger strong tomato seedlings can be obtained, high-quality eggplant seedlings can be cultured in the seedling stage, and a foundation is provided for later-stage growth of high-quality eggplants.
In addition, the invention adopts a special two-stage seedling management method, and seedlings are divided into two stages of a seedling reviving stage and a seedling hardening stage for seedling management. Keeping the constant temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse at 25-30 ℃ in the seedling revival stage, shading at noon, avoiding direct irradiation of strong light, reducing the temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse to 11-15 ℃ at night, enabling the seedlings to gradually adapt to temperature difference change, dividing the seedlings when the seedlings grow two true leaves, and disinfecting and preventing diseases and insect pests by spraying chlorothalonil once after the seedlings are divided. The management of the seedling hardening period is as follows: the ventilation quantity of the seedlings after seedling separation is increased 5-7 days before field planting, watering is controlled, the seedlings are acclimated and squatted, the seedlings are further adaptive to the external low-temperature environment and temperature difference change, the development of seedling root systems and the growth of stalks are promoted, 1-2 days before field planting, 600 times of big growth, prodigiosin or chlorothalonil is sprayed on a seedbed once, and field planting with medicines is achieved. By the two-stage seedling management method, the seedlings are thick and strong in stems and leaves, complete in stems and leaves and free of diseases and insects, developed in root systems of the seedlings and strong in external environment adaptability, the transplanting survival rate of the seedlings is improved, and the quality and the yield of eggplants are improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
An eggplant planting and seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
firstly, a cultivation mode and a cultivation system:
and (3) eggplant is cultivated in a plastic greenhouse: the seeding period is 10-12 months, the seedling stage is in the first ten days of 2 months, the planting period is from the first ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 3 months, and the harvesting period is from the first ten days of 5 months to 8 months.
Culturing eggplants in medium and small arch sheds: the sowing period is 10 to 1 month in the next year, the seedling stage is from middle to last 2 months, the field planting period is from last 3 to last 4 months, and the harvesting period is from middle to last 5 months to 8 months.
And (3) outdoor cultivation of eggplants: the sowing period is 1-4 months, the seedling stage is 2-5 months, the planting period is from 4 months to 6 months, and the harvesting period is from 10 months to 12 months.
Secondly, land preparation and fertilization:
eggplant growth has low requirements on soil conditions, but rotation crop and stubble rotation are needed as much as possible. Applying more than 8000 kg of organic fertilizer and 80 kg of compound fertilizer to each mu, broadcasting trichlorfon to control soil insects, deeply ploughing, finely planting, deep and high ridges, raking and carrying out stand-by planting.
Thirdly, seed treatment: soaking seeds in warm water at 50 ℃, washing with clear water after the water temperature naturally drops to room temperature, soaking the seeds in a 1% potassium permanganate solution for 13 minutes, washing with the clear water, soaking the seeds at room temperature for 5 hours, then putting the seeds into a seed breeding box for variable-temperature germination acceleration, keeping the temperature in the breeding box at 28 ℃ in the daytime, keeping the temperature in the breeding box at 13 ℃ at night, carrying out variable-temperature germination acceleration for 90 hours, and sowing when the seeds are exposed to the white.
Fourthly, sowing: the method comprises the steps of paving culture soil in a seedbed, controlling the thickness of the culture soil to be 3 cm, treading the culture soil, watering thoroughly, and then sowing seeds which promote germination, wherein the sowing amount per square meter is 2.5 g, and the seeds cannot be too dense, otherwise, the seeds are easy to fall suddenly.
Fifthly, seedbed management: the soil temperature of the culture soil is kept at 25 ℃ before the seeds emerge, the seedlings can emerge in 65-80 hours generally, after the seeds emerge, the soil temperature of the culture soil is kept at 25 ℃ in the daytime, the soil temperature of the culture soil is kept at 13 ℃ at night, the seedlings are fully exposed to light in the daytime, the seeds are sprayed once by chlorothalonil 5 days after emerging, the air is gradually ventilated in the later period, the ventilation volume is increased 5-7 days before the seedlings are separated, and low-temperature exercise is carried out.
Sixthly, seedling separation management: after 1 month of seedling emergence of the seeds sowed in early spring, and 18-20 days of seedling emergence of the seeds sowed in autumn, when two true leaves grow out of the seedlings, the eggplant seedlings are divided. The seedling management is divided into two stages of management, namely seedling revival stage management and seedling hardening stage management.
The management of the seedling recovering stage comprises the following steps: keeping the constant temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse at 25 ℃, shading at noon, avoiding direct strong light irradiation, starting growth of heart leaves of the seedlings after 3-7 days, then reducing the temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse to 11 ℃ at night, carrying out seedling separation when the seedlings grow two true leaves, and spraying with chlorothalonil once after the seedling separation.
The management of the seedling hardening period comprises the following steps: and (3) increasing the ventilation quantity of the seedlings after seedling separation 5 days before field planting, controlling watering, hardening and squatting the seedlings, spraying 600 times of Dasheng, furazolidone or chlorothalonil to a seedbed 1 day before field planting to carry out field planting with the pesticide, and strictly forbidding field planting 1 day after the postsynaptic cloudy day.
Seventhly, field planting: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be not lower than 10 ℃ in greenhouse cultivation, and then transplanting the seedlings into a protected field for field planting; the field planting is carried out when the temperature is not lower than 14 ℃; the planting density of the early spring eggplant seedlings is 1500 seedlings per mu, and the planting density of the autumn eggplant seedlings is 900 seedlings.
Eighthly, field management:
delta fertilizer and water management: the eggplant is cultivated without watering for the second time before bearing fruit, and if sandy loam, extremely early-maturing variety or seedling growth vigor is weak, the eggplant can be watered with seedling growing water for one time before bearing fruit. After fruit setting, the fruit is watered with small amount of water, 1000 kg of dilute manure water or 15 kg of compound fertilizer and 10 kg of urea are poured every 7 to 10 days.
Delta temperature management: the cultivation in the protected area is performed with attention to ventilation, temperature reduction and moisture removal, the greenhouse is sealed from 10:00 in the morning to 4:00-4:30 in the afternoon, the ventilation rate rises from low to high along with the outside air temperature, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 25-35 ℃ in the daytime and 15-20 ℃ at night, and the greenhouse film can be removed after 4 middle-of-the-month days.
Other measures: 1. the seedlings can be grown on vain or at low temperature, and fruit setting can be promoted by spraying fruit setting extract. And 2, timely removing lateral branches below the solanum melongena so as to improve the early-stage yield. And 3, spraying the insecticide and the bactericide once every 7 to 15 days to prevent the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests. And 4, cultivating in open field and after autumn delay, covering a silver gray mulching film, preserving soil moisture, avoiding aphids and reducing the occurrence of virus diseases. 5. The composition is mainly used for preventing and treating red spiders and mites in 7-9 months.
Ninth, pest control:
damping-off in seedling stage. The management of the seedbed is enhanced, and when 2-3 leaves of the seedling are planted, more ventilation is needed and less watering is needed. When the disease is developed, 800-1000 times of 70% dexon or 400 times of 72% pulikes liquid is sprayed on the seedbed per square meter for 2-3L. 2 kilograms of 50 percent carbendazim is applied to a field mu of a field planted with verticillium wilt (namely, hemibarbus javanicum) for soil disinfection, crop rotation is carried out on non-solanaceae crops, wild stocks are used for grafting and disease prevention, stump irrigation is carried out by using 500 times of 70 percent of fenaminosulf or 800 times of 50 percent of thiophanate methyl or 1000 times of 50 percent of benomyl wettable powder at the early stage of disease incidence, and each plant is irrigated with 0.5 liter of pesticide solution; spraying 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 36% thiophanate-methyl suspension 500 times liquid or irrigating roots with 10% double-effect carbendazim aqueous solution or 12.5% synergistic carbendazim concentrated solution 200 times liquid, wherein the irrigation liquid of each plant is 0.1 liter; the epidemic disease is sprayed with 1000-1500 times of 50% wettable powder, 600 times of 75% wettable powder, or 500 times of 64% wettable powder. The main point is prevention and cure in the early stage of onset, especially in the prevention and cure. The insect pests are cutworm, red spider and yellow tea mite. The cutworm is sprayed with grass-piled poison bait for trapping and killing or 90 percent of 800 times liquid of trichlorfon or 800 times liquid of pesticide-killing (21 percent of synergistic cyanogen-horse emulsifiable concentrate); the red spiders are prevented and treated by using 600-800 times of dimethoate emulsion; the yellow tea mite is 2000 times liquid of 73% propargite missible oil or 1000 times liquid of 25% chlorfenapyr wettable powder or 2000 times liquid of pesticide-killing.
Example 2
An eggplant planting and seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
firstly, a cultivation mode and a cultivation system:
and (3) eggplant is cultivated in a plastic greenhouse: the seeding period is 10-12 months, the seedling stage is in the first ten days of 2 months, the planting period is from the first ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 3 months, and the harvesting period is from the first ten days of 5 months to 8 months.
Culturing eggplants in medium and small arch sheds: the sowing period is 10 to 1 month in the next year, the seedling stage is from middle to last 2 months, the field planting period is from last 3 to last 4 months, and the harvesting period is from middle to last 5 months to 8 months.
And (3) outdoor cultivation of eggplants: the sowing period is 1-4 months, the seedling stage is 2-5 months, the planting period is from 4 months to 6 months, and the harvesting period is from 10 months to 12 months.
Secondly, land preparation and fertilization:
eggplant growth has low requirements on soil conditions, but rotation crop and stubble rotation are needed as much as possible. Generally applying more than 10000 kilograms of organic fertilizer and 100 kilograms of compound fertilizer to each mu, broadcasting trichlorfon to control soil insects, deeply turning, finely ploughing, finely planting, deep furrows and high ridges, and raking for later cultivation.
Thirdly, seed treatment: soaking seeds in warm water at 60 ℃, washing with clear water after the water temperature naturally drops to room temperature, soaking the seeds in a 1% potassium permanganate solution for 8 minutes, washing with clear water, soaking the seeds at room temperature for 5 hours, then putting the seeds into a seed breeding box for variable-temperature germination acceleration, keeping the temperature in the breeding box at 28-32 ℃ in the daytime, keeping the temperature in the breeding box at 17 ℃ at night, carrying out variable-temperature germination acceleration for 60 hours, and sowing when the seeds are exposed to the white.
Fourthly, sowing: the method comprises the steps of paving culture soil in a seedbed, controlling the thickness of the culture soil to be 4 cm, treading the culture soil, watering thoroughly, and then sowing seeds which promote germination, wherein the sowing amount per square meter is 3.5 g, and the seeds cannot be too dense, otherwise, the seeds are easy to fall suddenly.
Fifthly, seedbed management: the method is characterized in that the temperature of soil of culture soil is kept between 30 ℃ before seedling emergence of seeds, seedling emergence can be realized in 65-80 hours generally, after seedling emergence of the seeds, the temperature of the soil of the culture soil is kept to be 35 ℃ in the daytime and 15 ℃ at night, the seedlings are fully exposed to light in the daytime, the seedlings are sprayed once by chlorothalonil 10 days after seedling emergence, ventilation is gradually carried out in the later period, ventilation is increased 7 days before seedling separation, and low-temperature exercise is carried out.
Sixthly, seedling separation management: after 1 month of seedling emergence of the seeds sowed in early spring, and 20 days of seedling emergence of the seeds sowed in autumn, when two true leaves grow out of the seedlings, the eggplant seedlings are divided. The seedling management is divided into two stages of management, namely seedling revival stage management and seedling hardening stage management.
The management of the seedling recovering stage comprises the following steps: keeping the constant temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse at 30 ℃, shading at noon, avoiding direct strong light irradiation, starting growth of heart leaves of the seedlings after 3 days, then reducing the temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse to 15 ℃ at night, carrying out seedling separation when the seedlings grow two true leaves, and spraying chlorothalonil once after the seedling separation.
The management of the seedling hardening period comprises the following steps: and (3) increasing the ventilation volume of the seedlings after seedling separation 7 days before field planting, controlling watering, hardening and squatting the seedlings, spraying 600 times of Dasheng, furazolidone or chlorothalonil to a seedbed 2 days before field planting to field planting with the pesticide, and strictly prohibiting field planting 1-2 days after the postnatal cloudy outburst.
Seventhly, field planting: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be not lower than 10 ℃ in greenhouse cultivation, and then transplanting the seedlings into a protected field for field planting; the field planting is carried out when the temperature is not lower than 14 ℃; the planting density of the early spring eggplant seedlings is 1800 plants per mu, and the planting density of the autumn eggplant seedlings is 1100 plants.
Eighthly, field management and pest control are the same as in example 1.
Example 3
An eggplant planting and seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
II, cultivation mode and cultivation system:
and (3) eggplant is cultivated in a plastic greenhouse: the seeding period is 10-12 months, the seedling stage is in the first ten days of 2 months, the planting period is from the first ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 3 months, and the harvesting period is from the first ten days of 5 months to 8 months.
Culturing eggplants in medium and small arch sheds: the sowing period is 10 to 1 month in the next year, the seedling stage is from middle to last 2 months, the field planting period is from last 3 to last 4 months, and the harvesting period is from middle to last 5 months to 8 months.
And (3) outdoor cultivation of eggplants: the sowing period is 1-4 months, the seedling stage is 2-5 months, the planting period is from 4 months to 6 months, and the harvesting period is from 10 months to 12 months.
Secondly, land preparation and fertilization:
eggplant growth has low requirements on soil conditions, but rotation crop and stubble rotation are needed as much as possible. Generally, more than 9000 kg of organic fertilizer and 90 kg of compound fertilizer are applied per mu, and then dipterex is applied to prevent and control soil insects, deep ploughing, fine farming, deep and high ridges are carried out, and raking is carried out for stand-by planting.
Thirdly, seed treatment: preferably, the seeds are soaked in warm water at 55 ℃, washed with clear water after the water temperature naturally drops to room temperature, then soaked in a 1% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, washed with clear water, and then soaked at room temperature for 6 hours, then the seeds are placed in a breeding box for variable-temperature germination acceleration, the temperature in the breeding box is kept at 30 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature in the breeding box is kept at 15 ℃ in the night, the variable-temperature germination acceleration is carried out for 72 hours, and the seeds are sowed when the seeds are exposed to the white.
Fourthly, sowing: the method comprises the steps of paving culture soil in a seedbed, controlling the thickness of the culture soil to be 3.3 cm, treading the culture soil, thoroughly watering, and then sowing seeds which promote germination, wherein the sowing amount per square meter is 3 g, and the seeds cannot be too dense, otherwise, the seeds are easy to fall suddenly.
Fifthly, seedbed management: the method is characterized in that the soil temperature of culture soil is kept at 28 ℃ before seed emergence, seedling emergence can be realized generally within 65-80 hours, after seed emergence, the soil temperature of the culture soil is kept at 30 ℃ in the daytime and 14 ℃ at night, seedlings are fully exposed to light in the daytime, attention is paid to shading when the weather is exposed to the naked eyes, the seedlings have an adaptation process, 1500 times of chlorothalonil is sprayed once 8 days after the seeds emerge, ventilation is gradually performed in the later period, the ventilation volume is increased 6 days before seedling separation, and low-temperature exercise is performed.
Seventhly, seedling separation management: after 1 month of seedling emergence of the seeds sowed in early spring, and 18-20 days of seedling emergence of the seeds sowed in autumn, when two true leaves grow out of the seedlings, the eggplant seedlings are divided. The seedling management is divided into two stages of management, namely seedling revival stage management and seedling hardening stage management.
The management of the seedling recovering stage comprises the following steps: keeping the constant temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse at 28 ℃, shading at noon, avoiding direct strong light irradiation, starting growth of heart leaves of the seedlings after 3-7 days, then reducing the temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse to 13 ℃ at night, carrying out seedling separation when the seedlings grow two true leaves, and spraying with chlorothalonil once after the seedling separation.
The management of the seedling hardening period comprises the following steps: and (3) increasing the ventilation quantity of the seedlings after seedling separation 6 days before field planting, controlling watering, hardening and squatting the seedlings, spraying 600 times of Dasheng, sanmate or chlorothalonil to a seedbed 1-2 days before field planting to carry out field planting with the pesticide, and strictly forbidding field planting 1-2 days after the postsynaptic cloudy day.
Seventhly, field planting: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be not lower than 10 ℃ in greenhouse cultivation, and then transplanting the seedlings into a protected field for field planting; the field planting is carried out when the temperature is not lower than 14 ℃; the planting density of the early spring eggplant seedlings is 1600 seedlings per mu, and the planting density of the autumn eggplant seedlings is 1000.
And eighthly, field management and pest control are the same as the field management and pest control method in the embodiment.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. It should be noted that various modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, such as alternative structures, alternative connections, and alternative materials used for the various components, may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. All the components not specified in the present embodiment can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (8)
1. An eggplant planting and seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
b1, seed treatment: soaking seeds in warm water, after the water temperature naturally drops to room temperature, washing the seeds with clear water, soaking the seeds for 5 to 7 hours at the room temperature, then carrying out temperature change germination acceleration, and sowing when the seeds are exposed to the white;
b2, sowing: spreading culture soil in the seedbed, treading the culture soil, watering thoroughly, and then sowing seeds for accelerating germination, wherein the sowing amount per square meter is 2.5-3.5 g, and the seeds cannot be too dense, otherwise, damping-off easily occurs;
b3, seedbed management: keeping the soil temperature of culture soil between 25 and 30 ℃ before seed emergence, keeping the soil temperature of the culture soil between 25 and 35 ℃ in the daytime and the soil temperature of the culture soil between 13 and 15 ℃ at night after the seeds emerge, fully exposing the seedlings in the daytime, spraying chlorothalonil once 5 to 10 days after the seeds emerge, gradually ventilating in the later period, and increasing the ventilation volume 5 to 7 days before the seedlings are separated;
b4, seedling separation management: after 1 month of seedling emergence of the seeds sowed in early spring, after 18-20 days of seedling emergence of the seeds sowed in autumn, when two true leaves grow out of the seedlings, carrying out seedling division on the eggplant seedlings;
b5, planting: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be not lower than 10 ℃ in greenhouse cultivation, and then transplanting the seedlings into a protected field for field planting; the field planting is carried out when the temperature is not lower than 14 ℃; the planting density of early spring eggplant seedlings is 1500-1800 plants per mu, and the planting density of autumn eggplant seedlings is 900-1100 plants.
2. The eggplant planting and seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and step B1, soaking the seeds in warm water at 50-60 ℃, washing with clear water after the water temperature naturally drops to room temperature, soaking the seeds in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 8-13 minutes, washing with clear water, soaking the seeds at room temperature for 5-7 hours, then putting the seeds into a seed breeding box for variable-temperature germination acceleration, keeping the temperature in the seed breeding box at 28-32 ℃ in the daytime, keeping the temperature in the seed breeding box at 13-17 ℃ at night, carrying out variable-temperature germination acceleration for 60-90 hours, and sowing when the seeds are exposed to the white.
3. An eggplant planting and seedling raising method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step B1, soaking seeds in warm water of 55 ℃, washing with clear water after the water temperature naturally drops to room temperature, then soaking the seeds in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, washing with clear water, then soaking the seeds at room temperature for 6 hours, then putting the seeds into a seed breeding box for variable-temperature germination acceleration, keeping the temperature in the breeding box at 30 ℃ in the daytime, keeping the temperature in the breeding box at 15 ℃ at night, carrying out variable-temperature germination acceleration for 72 hours, and sowing when the seeds are exposed to the white.
4. The eggplant planting and seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step B2, the culture soil is paved in the seedbed, the thickness of the culture soil is controlled to be 3-4 cm, the culture soil is treaded, the seeds are thoroughly watered with clear water, and then seeds which accelerate germination are sown, wherein the sowing amount per square meter is 3 g and cannot be too dense.
5. The eggplant planting and seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step B3, the soil temperature of the culture soil is kept at 28 ℃ before the seedlings emerge, the soil temperature of the culture soil is kept at 30 ℃ in the daytime and 14 ℃ at night after the seeds emerge, the seedlings are fully exposed to light in the daytime, chlorothalonil is sprayed once 8 days after the seeds emerge, the air is gradually ventilated in the later period, the ventilation volume is increased 6 days before the seedlings are separated, and low-temperature exercise is carried out.
6. The eggplant planting and seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in step B4, the seedling division management is divided into two stages of management, namely, seedling revival stage management and seedling hardening stage management.
7. An eggplant planting and seedling raising method according to claim 6, characterized in that: in step B4, the seedling renewal management is: keeping the constant temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse at 25-30 ℃, shading at noon, avoiding direct irradiation of strong light, starting growth of heart leaves of the seedlings after 3-7 days, then reducing the temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse to 11-15 ℃ at night, separating the seedlings when the seedlings grow two true leaves, and spraying chlorothalonil once after the seedlings are separated.
8. An eggplant planting and seedling raising method according to claim 6, characterized in that: in step B4, the hardening-seedling stage management is: and (3) increasing the ventilation volume of the seedlings after seedling separation 5-7 days before field planting, controlling watering, hardening the squat seedlings, spraying 600 times of Dasheng, furazolidone or chlorothalonil to the seedbed 1-2 days before field planting to carry out field planting with the pesticide, and strictly forbidding field planting 1-2 days after the outburst of yin.
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