CN115226433B - Treatment method for improving germination of nopalina cochinchinensis seeds and promoting seedling growth - Google Patents
Treatment method for improving germination of nopalina cochinchinensis seeds and promoting seedling growth Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
A treatment method for improving the germination of the nopal eggplant seeds and promoting the growth of seedlings comprises the following steps: 1) seed selection and pretreatment, 2) germination accelerating soaking treatment, 3) sowing treatment and 4) growth promoting treatment. The treatment method is designed ideally, so that the seed of the bixin is high in germination rate in the seedling raising process, good in cold resistance after emergence of seedlings, and capable of promoting the growth of the seedlings, and greatly improving the seedling raising quality and the seedling raising survival rate. Particularly, the germination accelerating agent solution is adopted to carry out germination accelerating soaking treatment on the nopal eggplant seeds and the treatment agent is uniformly sprayed on the leaves of the nopal eggplant seedlings to promote growth, so that the damage of low-temperature stress to the nopal eggplant seeds can be remarkably relieved, germination is promoted, biomass accumulation of the seedlings is remarkably increased, MDA accumulation in the leaves of the seedlings is reduced, the content of soluble protein and proline is increased, SOD, POD and CAT activities are improved, the damage of low-temperature stress to an oxidase defense system is slowed down, and the damage caused by stress is lightened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a plant seed cultivation technology, in particular to a treatment method for improving the germination of nopalina cochinchinensis seeds and promoting the growth of seedlings.
Background
The special vertical three-dimensional climate characteristics form a plurality of special local vegetable varieties. 'bixin' is an excellent local variety of eggplant, has long cultivation history in Minxi region, is deeply favored by local people, and has higher selling price in the market than other common bixin. In recent years, the cultivation area of 'bikes' in Longyan is continuously enlarged and most of the bikes are cultivated in open field, and the sowing time is mostly 12 months to 1 month, so that continuous low-temperature cold waves are frequently encountered in winter and spring production to cause cold injury. Especially the cold and damp of 2016 and 2020 cause serious loss to 'bikino' in Minxi area, and the production of bikino cultivated by farmers is severely reduced due to low temperature. Therefore, the method for finding out the low temperature resistance has very important practical significance for protecting the local vegetable resource types and promoting the effective protection and sustainable utilization of local vegetable variety resources.
Chemical regulation is an effective measure for improving stress resistance of plants, and physical characteristics of crops are improved by applying exogenous substances, so that a lot of manpower and material resources are saved. Nitric Oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule in plants and is involved in regulating various physiological processes and responses to stress in plants. Exogenous application of NO has been studied in a small amount in the aspect of low temperature stress resistance physiology of plants and the like. Exogenous application of NO plays a positive role in low temperature stress resistance of vegetables, but the optimal applicable concentration can be greatly different according to different plant genotypes. Zhang Wenbo et al, consider that cucumber seedlings of Jinyan No. 4' are used as test materials and are continuously 0.2 mmol.L under low-temperature stress -1 Exogenous NO donor SNP treatment can improve the tolerance of cucumber seedlings. Xu Honglei et al applied 0.5 mmol.L to Shandong Mici' cucumber -1 And 1.0 mmol.L -1 SNP, found to be effective in improving the adaptability of seedling raising to low temperature stress. Spraying 1.0 mmol.L on Xiuzhi with tomato 'Riguer 87-5' seedling as material -1 The SNP of (2) significantly relieves the damage caused by low temperature to seedlings. Zhang Yongji spraying 0.2 mmol.L on tomato 'su powder 14' seedling -1 SNP discovery can effectively alleviate adverse effects caused by low temperature stress. Esim et al uses the maize variety Zea mays cv. Arifiye as a material, and considers 0.1 mu mo.L under low temperature stress -1 SNP treatment can alleviate injury suffered by seedlings, wang Fang and the like consider 0.10 mmol.L by taking corn variety 'Zhengdan 958' as a material -1 SNPs can increase tolerance of maize seedlings. Therefore, researches on physiological regulation mechanisms of exogenous NO stress resistance and the like are further developedThe industrialized development and utilization of the source NO have important significance. Low temperature phenomena in seed germination and plant seedling stage growth and development are one of the main factors affecting plant productivity. In the seedling raising process of the existing bixin seeds, the seed coats are thicker, the germination rate and the low temperature resistance after emergence are poor, the survival rate is not high, and the seedling raising quality and the seedling raising survival rate are seriously affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a treatment method for improving the germination of the seed of the bixin and promoting the growth of seedlings, which aims to overcome the defects that the seed coat is thicker, the germination rate and the low temperature resistance after emergence are poor, the survival rate is not high and the like in the seedling raising process of the existing bixin seeds.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a treatment method for improving the germination of the nopal eggplant seeds and promoting the growth of seedlings comprises the following steps: 1) Seed selection and pretreatment: selecting full and mature bixin seeds without disease spots, and pre-treating the bixin seeds for later use; 2) Accelerating germination and soaking treatment: soaking seed of Solanum cochineal in culture flask containing germination accelerating agent solution at normal temperature for 5-7 hr, and transferring to temperature-controlled incubator with temperature of 27-29 deg.C and illumination intensity of 0umol.m -2 ·S -1 The time of the dark culture treatment is controlled to be 2.5-3.5 days, and the water evaporated in the culture bottle is supplemented with the germination accelerating agent solution every day so as to maintain the concentration of the germination accelerating agent solution in the culture bottle unchanged; 3) Sowing: sowing the sprouted bixin seeds, 4) promoting the growth treatment, uniformly spraying the prepared treatment reagent on the leaves of the bixin seedlings until the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves, and dripping water from the leaves, wherein the treatment reagent is sodium nitroprusside (namely exogenous NO), and the concentration of the sodium nitroprusside is controlled to be 0.75-0.85 mmol.L -1 。
Further, the germination accelerating reagent solution is sodium nitroprusside reagent (namely exogenous NO), and the concentration of the sodium nitroprusside reagent is controlled to be 0.1-0.3 mmol.L -1 。
Further, the specific operation mode of the pretreatment is as follows: A. the seeds are sun-dried for 6 to 8 hours outdoors before seed soaking, so that the germination rate and the germination vigor can be further improved; B. sterilizing the seeds, soaking the seeds in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 25-35 min, and then fishing out the seeds and repeatedly rubbing the seeds; C. washing the medicinal liquid, soaking seeds in 55deg.C hot water for 30 min, stirring, washing, soaking in 30deg.C warm water for 6-7 hr, taking out, and sucking with sterile filter paper to dry, washing with warm water at 30deg.C for 5-6 times, and removing mucus on seed coats to improve seed permeability; D. rubbing the dried seeds with clean cloth and fine sand to loosen the seed coats, and then soaking the seeds in warm water at 40-50 ℃ for fishing out for later use. And (5) adopting variable temperature treatment. The treatment with the agent can cause the former species to germinate rapidly. The dormancy period of the bixin is longer, and the unripe seeds are sometimes mixed, so that the bixin needs to be treated by a rapid temperature change method, mechanical damage is generated on the seed coats due to the action of thermal expansion and cold contraction, the permeability of the seed coats is increased, the gas exchange in the seeds is accelerated, and the germination of the seeds is promoted.
From the above description of the invention, the advantages of the invention compared with the prior art are as follows: the treatment method is designed ideally, so that the seed of the bixin is high in germination rate in the seedling raising process, good in cold resistance after emergence of seedlings, and capable of promoting the growth of the seedlings, and greatly improving the seedling raising quality and the seedling raising survival rate. Particularly, the germination accelerating agent solution is adopted to carry out germination accelerating soaking treatment on the nopal eggplant seeds and the treatment agent is uniformly sprayed on the leaves of the nopal eggplant seedlings to promote growth, so that the damage of low-temperature stress to the nopal eggplant seeds can be remarkably relieved, germination is promoted, biomass accumulation of the seedlings is remarkably increased, MDA accumulation in the leaves of the seedlings is reduced, the content of soluble protein and proline is increased, SOD, POD and CAT activities are improved, the damage of low-temperature stress to an oxidase defense system is slowed down, and the damage caused by stress is lightened.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of SNP at different concentrations on the soluble protein content of leaf blades of nopal seedlings according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of SNP at different concentrations on the Pro content of leaf blades of nopal seedlings in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of SNP at different concentrations on the MDA content of leaf blades of a seedling of Mesona cochinchinensis.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of SNP at different concentrations on the SOD activity of leaf blades of nopal seedlings in the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of SNP at different concentrations on POD activity of leaf blades of nopal seedlings in the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of SNP at different concentrations on CAT activity of leaf blades of nopal seedlings according to the invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A treatment method for improving the germination of the nopal eggplant seeds and promoting the growth of seedlings comprises the following steps: 1) Seed selection and pretreatment: selecting full and mature bixin seeds without disease spots, and pre-treating the bixin seeds for later use; the specific operation mode of the pretreatment is as follows: A. washing the seed of the bixin with 80% alcohol for 3 times, controlling the washing time at 30 seconds each time, then soaking the seed of the bixin with 5% sodium hypochlorite for sterilization, controlling the soaking time at 20 minutes, and then washing the seed of the bixin with sterile water for 7-8 times after fishing out the seed of the bixin. B. Soaking the sterilized seed of the bixin in sterile water for 30 minutes, taking out, and sucking the sterile water with sterile filter paper for later use.
2) Accelerating germination and soaking treatment: soaking seed of Solanum cochineal in culture flask containing germination accelerating agent solution at normal temperature for 5-7 hr (preferably 6 hr), and transferring to temperature-controlled incubator with temperature controlled at 27-29 deg.C (preferably 28 deg.C) and illumination intensity of 0umol.m -2 ·S -1 The time of the dark culture treatment is controlled to be 2.5-3.5 days (the optimal time is 3 days), and the water evaporated in the culture flask is supplemented with the germination accelerating agent solution every day to maintain the concentration of the germination accelerating agent solution in the culture flask unchanged; the germination accelerating reagent solution is sodium nitroprusside reagent (namely exogenous NO), and the concentration of the sodium nitroprusside reagent is controlled to be 0.2 mmol.L -1 。
3) Sowing: the germinated bixin seeds were routinely sown.
4) Promoting growth, uniformly spraying the prepared treatment reagent on leaf of Solanum nopsis when seedling grows to 4-5 true leaves, and spraying until leaf drops, wherein the treatment reagent is sodium nitroprusside (i.e. exogenous NO), and the concentration of sodium nitroprusside is controlled to be 0.80 mmol.L -1 . The sodium nitroprusside reagent (namely exogenous NO) is adopted to uniformly spray the leaves of the nopal eggplant seedlings, so that the effect of cold resistance and strong seedlings is good, the oxidative damage of low temperature to the nopal eggplant seedlings can be effectively relieved, the cold resistance of the nopal eggplant seedlings is improved, and the cultivation of strong seedlings is promoted; and the self-growth, MDA content and antioxidant enzyme activity of the nopal eggplant seedlings can be regulated and improved, so that the adaptability of the nopal eggplant seedlings to low temperature is improved.
The inventor and team research explore exogenous NO donor SNP with different concentrations as a treatment reagent in a mode of simulating low-temperature stress in a laboratory to study the growth physiological aspects of the seed germination period and the seedling period of the bixin. The effect of exogenous NO in promoting the germination of the bikini seeds and the growth physiology of the seedlings under the low-temperature adversity is known, theoretical basis and technical guidance are provided for reasonably using exogenous NO to promote the germination of the bikini seeds and the growth of the seedlings, and application value is provided for effectively defending the low-temperature cold injury of the bikini in Minxi region. The specific study is as follows:
1. the nopal seed germination test uses exogenous NO donor SNP as a treatment reagent. Selecting the bixin seeds with uniform grain size and no disease spots as test materials, carrying out SNP seed soaking treatment at different concentrations at normal temperature, placing the seed soaking treatment in an incubator after 6 hours, and carrying out dark culture treatment at different temperatures for 10 treatments CK0: normal temperature of 28 ℃ and clean water; CK1 C28 ℃ normal temperature +0.2mmol.L -1 SNP; CK2:4deg.C low temperature +0mmol.L -1 SNP; T1:4deg.C low temperature +0.1mmol.L -1 SNP; T2:4deg.C low temperature +0.2mmol.L -1 SNP; T3:4deg.C low temperature +0.3mmol.L -1 SNP; T4:4deg.C low temperature +0.4mmol.L -1 SNP; T5:4deg.C low temperature +0.5mmol.L -1 SNP; T6:4deg.C low temperature +1.0mmol.L -1 SNP; T7:4deg.C low temperature +1.5mmol.L -1 SNP. 100 seeds were placed in each dish and repeated 3 times. Treatment for 3d, daily rinsing the seeds with treatment solution and replenishing the evaporated moisture with treatment solution to maintain the treatment solution concentration unchanged. After 3d of treatment, each treatment was transferred to an incubator for conventional germination test treatment. NO donor sodium nitroprusside (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) was purchased from Fu Chemicals Inc. in the morning (Tianjin) with a purity of greater than 99.0%.
2. After the common germination and seeding, 30 plants are treated when the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves, the plants which grow consistently and are strong are selected for pretreatment of spraying SNP with different concentrations on leaf surfaces, and 8 treatments are set. CK0 mmol.L -1 SNP；T1:0.1mmol·L -1 SNP；T2:0.3mmol·L -1 SNP；T3:0.5mmol·L -1 SNP；T4:0.8mmol·L -1 SNP；T5:1.0mmol·L -1 SNP；T6:1.2mmol·L -1 SNP；T7:1.5mmol·L -1 SNP. And uniformly spraying the prepared liquid on the leaves of the bixin until dripping, spraying for 3 days in the morning and evening, then placing in an illumination incubator (10/5 ℃) for low-temperature treatment, and taking a second piece of functional leaves after 72 hours of low-temperature treatment to measure related indexes.
3. The measurement method comprises the steps of 1, measuring seed germination indexes, and continuously carrying out dark culture after exogenous NO donor SNP is treated for 3d as a treatment reagent, and recovering to normal temperature of 28 ℃. The seeds were washed with clear water every day for 7 and d consecutive recordings, and various indexes of seed germination were recorded. 1) Germination percentage (%) =number of germinated seeds/number of tested seeds×100%; the bud number (taking the radicle of the bixin eggplant as a standard for breaking through the seed coat) and recording the germination condition of the seeds (the germination standard is that the radicle breaks through the seed coat); 2) Germination vigor (%) = number of germinated seeds/number of tested seeds x 100% in a prescribed date; 3) Germination index (Gi) =(Gt is the germination number at a certain time; dt is the corresponding germination days); 4) Vitality Index (VI) =s×gi (S is seedling radicle length). 2. A method for measuring the growth and physiological and biochemical indexes of seedling includes such steps as choosing 5 plants randomly, washing with distilled water, sucking the surface water by filter paper, measuring plant height, stem thickness and fresh weight, and loading in 105 deg.CDeactivating enzyme for 20min, oven drying at 75deg.C to constant weight, and weighing dry weight. The determination of soluble protein content, proline content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity and Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was performed using a test kit manufactured by su zhou koku Ming biotechnology limited, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. 3. Data processing, test data were analyzed for variance and significance of differences using SPSS17.0 software (P<0.05 Graph plotting using WPS2021 software.
4. Results of the analysis and the analysis were carried out,
1. effect of SNP on seed germination of nopalina cochinchinensis under Low temperature stress
TABLE 1 Effect of SNP at different concentrations on germination of nopal eggplant seeds under Low temperature stress
Note that the different letters after the same column of data indicate a significant difference between treatments at the 0.05 level.
As can be seen from table 1, the indexes of the bixin seeds under low temperature stress are significantly reduced compared with the normal temperature control (CK 0). Spraying 0.1-0.3 mmol.L compared with the low temperature control (CK 2) -1 SNP pretreatment can obviously improve various germination indexes of the nopal eggplant seeds, and the SNP concentration is 0.2 mmol.L -1 The germination rate, germination potential, germination index and vitality index of the seeds are respectively improved by 8.05%, 86.11%, 48.02% and 74.99% compared with the CK2, the germination rate and vitality index of the seeds are not obviously different from those of the CK2 in the T4 treatment, the indexes of the T5-T7 treatments are obviously lower than the CK2, the concentration is obviously reduced the higher, the indexes of the T7 treatments reach the lowest value, and the germination rate, germination potential, germination index and vitality index of the seeds are respectively reduced by 74.71%, 78.57%, 74.88% and 84.82% compared with the CK 2. This suggests that SNPs have a concentration effect on germination of bixin seeds under low temperature stress conditions. Meanwhile, our experiments found CK1 (0.2 mmol.L at room temperature) -1 SNP) treatment showed similar germination effects on the seed of bixaprotected bixaea as CK 0.
Influence of exogenous NO on growth of nopal eggplant seedlings under low-temperature stress,
as can be seen from Table 2, the concentration of the catalyst was low (0.1 to 1.0) mmol.L as compared with CK -1 SNP pretreatment can effectively relieve the inhibition effect of low-temperature stress on the growth of the nopal eggplant seedlings and increase the growth quantity, however, the influence of SNP treatment with different concentrations on the accumulation of the growth quantity of the nopal eggplant is different. Wherein, the T4 treatment effect is optimal, and the plant height, the stem thickness, the fresh weight and the dry weight are obviously improved by 10.15 percent, 7.32 percent, 12.87 percent and 27.50 percent compared with CK; the high-concentration SNP pretreatment inhibits the growth of seedlings, wherein each index of the T7 treatment is obviously lower than CK. From the results, the growth of the nopal eggplant seedlings is influenced by low-temperature stress, and the growth of the seedlings under low-temperature stress is obviously influenced by SNP treatment with different concentrations, so that the nopal eggplant seedlings have a certain dosage effect.
TABLE 2 Effect of SNP at different concentrations on nopal seedling growth under Low temperature stress
Note that the different letters after the same column of data indicate a significant difference between treatments at the 0.05 level.
Influence of SNP on soluble protein content of nopal eggplant seedlings under low temperature stress,
referring to FIG. 1, the effect of SNP at different concentrations on the soluble protein content of leaf of Solanum cochinchinensis seedlings
As shown in FIG. 1, the trend of the soluble protein content in the leaf of the nopal seedling increases and decreases with increasing pretreatment concentration of the SNP solution. Compared with CK, after the pretreatment of T2-T5, the content of soluble protein in leaves of seedlings can be obviously improved, the effect of the pretreatment of T4 is optimal, the content of the soluble protein is most accumulated, and the content of the soluble protein is improved by 1.81 times compared with CK. T6 and T7 pretreatment inhibit accumulation of soluble proteins in leaves of seedlings, and the greater the treatment concentration, the stronger the inhibition. The content of soluble protein in leaves of the seedlings after T7 pretreatment reaches the minimum and is obviously lower than CK14.79 percent.
Influence of SNP on proline content of nopal eggplant seedlings under low-temperature stress,
referring to FIG. 2, the effect of SNP at different concentrations on the Pro content of leaf blades of Solanum cochinchinensis seedlings
As can be seen from fig. 2, the pretreatment of T1 to T5 can increase the proline content in the leaves of the annatto seedlings by 25.87%, 92.28%, 2.66 and 1.30 times as compared with CK, respectively, without significant difference between T1 treatment and CK, the difference between T2 to T5 treatment and control reaches significant level, wherein the treatment effect of T4 is optimal. T6 and T7 treatments inhibited the increase in proline content and the inhibition was enhanced with increasing concentrations. The proline content of the leaves of the seedlings is lowest in the T7 treatment, is reduced by 11.89% compared with the control, and has obvious difference.
Influence of SNP on MDA content of nopal eggplant seedlings under low-temperature stress,
referring to FIG. 3, the effect of SNP at different concentrations on MDA content of leaf blades of Solanum cochinchinensis seedlings
As can be seen from fig. 3, the T1-T5 pretreatment significantly reduced the MDA content in the leaves of seedlings compared to CK, with the best treatment with T4, the lowest MDA content, and a 62.36% reduction compared to the control. The pretreatment of T6 and T7 obviously increases the MDA content in the leaves of the seedlings by 24.74 percent and 49.52 percent respectively compared with CK, and the difference is obvious. Indicating that proper SNP pretreatment under low temperature stress can effectively reduce the oxidation degree of membrane lipid, and excessive SNP pretreatment aggravates the injury degree.
Effect of SNP on the antioxidant Activity of nopal eggplant seedlings under Low temperature stress
Referring to fig. 4, 5 and 6, the effect of SNPs at different concentrations on SOD, POD and CAT activities of the plant leaves of the bixaea, it is clear from fig. 4 that SOD activities in the plant leaves of the bixaea after T1-T5 pretreatment are all higher than CK, wherein the activity enhancement by T4 pretreatment is the greatest, and the activity enhancement is improved by 1.00 times compared with CK, and the difference is remarkable. As the SNP concentration is further increased, the SOD activity is reduced, the difference of 6.25 percent of the SOD activity in the T6 pretreatment compared with the CK is not obvious, and the SOD activity in the seedling leaves is obviously reduced in the T7 pretreatment. As shown in fig. 5, the POD activity in the leaves of the annatto seedlings after T1 to T5 pretreatment was enhanced, and the difference between T2 to T5 pretreatment was significant compared with CK, wherein the effect of pretreatment with T4 was best, the lower temperature control was increased by 1.50 times, the POD activity was decreased as the SNP concentration was further increased, and the T7 pretreatment significantly decreased the POD activity in the leaves of the annatto seedlings. As shown in FIG. 6, CAT activity in the leaves of the nopalina cochinchinensis seedlings after the pretreatment of T1-T5 is increased, and compared with CK, the pretreatment difference of T2-T5 is remarkable, wherein the pretreatment effect of T3 is the best, and 36.17% is improved compared with CK. As the SNP concentration further increased, CAT activity decreased, but there was no significant difference between the T6 and T7 pretreatments and the control.
4. Summarizing, the exogenous N0 can obviously relieve the damage of low-temperature stress to the nopal eggplant seeds, promote germination, obviously increase biomass accumulation of seedlings, reduce MDA accumulation in leaves of the seedlings, increase the content of soluble protein and proline, improve SOD, POD and CAT activities, slow down the damage of low-temperature stress to the oxidase defense system and relieve the damage caused by stress.
Example two
A treatment method for improving the germination of the nopal eggplant seeds and promoting the growth of seedlings comprises the following steps: 1) Seed selection and pretreatment: selecting full and mature bixin seeds without disease spots, and pre-treating the bixin seeds for later use; the specific operation mode of the pretreatment is as follows: A. the seeds are sun-dried for 6 to 8 hours outdoors before seed soaking, so that the germination rate and the germination vigor can be further improved; B. sterilizing the seeds, soaking the seeds in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 25-35 min, and then fishing out the seeds and repeatedly rubbing the seeds; C. washing the medicinal liquid, soaking seeds in 55deg.C hot water for 30 min, stirring, washing, soaking in 30deg.C warm water for 6-7 hr, taking out, and sucking with sterile filter paper to dry, washing with warm water at 30deg.C for 5-6 times, and removing mucus on seed coats to improve seed permeability; d. Induction treatment: treating the bikino seeds by using a uniform electric field, specifically, placing the bikino seeds in an induction container, and then performing induction treatment on the bikino seeds in the induction container by using a uniform electric field (optimally 200 kv/m) of 100 kv-300 kv/m emitted by a high-voltage electrostatic generator, wherein the induction treatment time is controlled to be 2-3 minutes; studies have shown that: the processing time of the cochineal seed in the high-voltage electrostatic field is within 2-3 minutes, the germination vigor, the germination rate and the dehydrogenase activity of the rootstock with buds are obviously improved along with the increase of the processing time, the processing effect is optimal when the processing time is 3 minutes, and the processing effect is gradually weakened along with the continuous increase of the processing time after the processing time exceeds 3 minutes.
2) Accelerating germination and soaking treatment: soaking seed of Solanum cochineal in culture flask containing germination accelerating agent solution at normal temperature for 5-7 hr, and transferring to temperature-controlled incubator with temperature of 27-29 deg.C and illumination intensity of 0umol.m -2 ·S -1 The time of the dark culture treatment is controlled to be 2.5-3.5 days, and the water evaporated in the culture bottle is supplemented with the germination accelerating agent solution every day so as to maintain the concentration of the germination accelerating agent solution in the culture bottle unchanged; the germination accelerating reagent solution is sodium nitroprusside reagent (namely exogenous NO), and the concentration of the sodium nitroprusside reagent is controlled to be 0.3 mmol.L -1 。
3) Sowing: sowing sprouted bixin seeds, wherein nutrient soil is needed to be prepared, the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing and stirring field soil, organic fertilizer, coal cinder, ammonium sulfate nitrate, potassium chloride and calcium superphosphate, a layer of nutrient soil is paved on a seedbed, the thickness of the nutrient soil is controlled to be 5-6cm, and the nutrient soil is also filled into seedling culture trays for standby; then punching holes in seedling raising hole trays by using a puncher, wherein the holes are punched in the center of each hole, the hole depth is controlled to be 1.0-1.2 cm, the bixin seeds are placed in the holes in the center of each hole, each hole is flatly placed, covered and treated, the sown seedling raising hole trays are laid in seedbeds, the hole trays are thoroughly poured by clear water in time, and the holes are sprayed with light and uniform water to prevent matrix and seeds in the holes from being punched out. The nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of field soil, 4 parts of organic fertilizer and 1 part of coal cinder, and 0.5-0.8kg (optimal value is 0.6 kg), 0.3-0.5kg (optimal value is 0.4 kg) of potassium chloride and 0.1-0.3kg (optimal value is 0.2 kg) of calcium superphosphate are added into each cubic meter of nutrient soil, so that the common bikino seedling is more required to be fertilized in winter and spring, and the proportion of the nutrient soil is designed aiming at the characteristic of bikino seedling.
4) The growth process is promoted and the growth process is promoted,uniformly spraying the prepared treatment reagent on the leaves of the nopal eggplant seedlings until the leaves drip water, wherein the treatment reagent is sodium nitroprusside (namely exogenous NO), and the concentration of the sodium nitroprusside is controlled to be 0.75 mmol.L -1 . The sodium nitroprusside reagent (namely exogenous NO) is adopted to uniformly spray the leaves of the nopal eggplant seedlings, so that the effect of cold resistance and strong seedlings is good, the oxidative damage of low temperature to the nopal eggplant seedlings can be effectively relieved, the cold resistance of the nopal eggplant seedlings is improved, and the cultivation of strong seedlings is promoted; and the self-growth, MDA content and antioxidant enzyme activity of the nopal eggplant seedlings can be regulated and improved, so that the adaptability of the nopal eggplant seedlings to low temperature is improved.
Example III
A treatment method for improving the germination of the nopal eggplant seeds and promoting the growth of seedlings comprises the following steps: 1) Seed selection and pretreatment: selecting full and mature bixin seeds without disease spots, and pre-treating the bixin seeds for later use; the specific operation mode of the pretreatment is as follows: A. the seeds are sun-dried for 6 to 8 hours outdoors before seed soaking, so that the germination rate and the germination vigor can be further improved; B. sterilizing the seeds, soaking the seeds in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 25-35 min, and then fishing out the seeds and repeatedly rubbing the seeds; C. washing the medicinal liquid, soaking seeds in 55deg.C hot water for 30 min, stirring, washing, soaking in 30deg.C warm water for 6-7 hr, taking out, and sucking with sterile filter paper to dry, washing with warm water at 30deg.C for 5-6 times, and removing mucus on seed coats to improve seed permeability; D. rubbing the dried seeds with clean cloth and fine sand to loosen the seed coats, soaking the seeds in warm water at 40-50 ℃ for later use. And (5) adopting variable temperature treatment. The treatment with the agent can cause the former species to germinate rapidly. The dormancy period of the bixin is longer, and the unripe seeds are sometimes mixed, so that the bixin needs to be treated by a rapid temperature change method, mechanical damage is generated on the seed coats due to the action of thermal expansion and cold contraction, the permeability of the seed coats is increased, the gas exchange in the seeds is accelerated, and the germination of the seeds is promoted.
2) Accelerating germination and soaking treatment: soaking seed of Solanum cochineal in culture flask containing germination accelerating agent solution at normal temperature for 5-7 hr, and transferring to temperature control incubator for dark cultureThe temperature in the temperature-controlled incubator is controlled to be 27-29 ℃, and the illumination intensity in the temperature-controlled incubator is 0 umol.m -2 ·S -1 The time of the dark culture treatment is controlled to be 2.5-3.5 days, and the water evaporated in the culture bottle is supplemented with the germination accelerating agent solution every day so as to maintain the concentration of the germination accelerating agent solution in the culture bottle unchanged; the germination accelerating reagent solution is sodium nitroprusside reagent (namely exogenous NO), and the concentration of the sodium nitroprusside reagent is controlled to be 0.1 mmol.L -1 。
3) Sowing: sowing sprouted bixin seeds, wherein nutrient soil is needed to be prepared, the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing and stirring field soil, organic fertilizer, coal cinder, ammonium sulfate nitrate, potassium chloride and calcium superphosphate, a layer of nutrient soil is paved on a seedbed, the thickness of the nutrient soil is controlled to be 5-6cm, and the nutrient soil is also filled into seedling culture trays for standby; then punching holes in the seedling raising tray with a puncher, wherein the holes are punched in the center of the holes, the hole depth is controlled to be 1.0-1.2 cm, the bixin seeds are placed in the holes in the center of the holes, each hole is flatly placed, covered and treated, the sown seedling raising tray is laid in a seedbed, the tray is thoroughly poured with clear water in time, and the spraying is light and uniform during watering, so that the matrix and the seeds in the holes are prevented from being punched. The nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of garden soil, 4 parts of organic fertilizer and 1 part of coal cinder, and 0.5-0.8kg of ammonium sulfate nitrate, 0.3-0.5kg of potassium chloride and 0.1-0.3kg of calcium superphosphate are added into each cubic meter of nutrient soil.
4) Promoting growth, uniformly spraying the prepared treatment reagent on the leaves of the nopal eggplant seedlings until the leaves drip water, wherein the treatment reagent is sodium nitroprusside (namely exogenous NO), and the concentration of the sodium nitroprusside is controlled to be 0.85 mmol.L -1 . The sodium nitroprusside reagent (namely exogenous NO) is adopted to uniformly spray the leaves of the nopal eggplant seedlings, so that the effect of cold resistance and strong seedlings is good, the oxidative damage of low temperature to the nopal eggplant seedlings can be effectively relieved, the cold resistance of the nopal eggplant seedlings is improved, and the cultivation of strong seedlings is promoted; and the self-growth, MDA content and antioxidant enzyme activity of the nopal eggplant seedlings can be regulated and improved, so that the adaptability of the nopal eggplant seedlings to low temperature is improved.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial modification of the present invention by using the design concept shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A treatment method for improving germination of nopal eggplant seeds and promoting seedling growth is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) Seed selection and pretreatment: selecting full and mature bixin seeds without disease spots, and pre-treating the bixin seeds for later use; the specific operation mode of the pretreatment is as follows: A. sun-drying the seeds outdoors for 6-8 hours before seed soaking; B. sterilizing the seeds, soaking the seeds in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 25-35 min, and then fishing out the seeds and repeatedly rubbing the seeds; C. washing the medicinal liquid, soaking seeds in 55deg.C hot water for 30 min, stirring, washing, soaking in 30deg.C warm water for 6-7 hr, taking out, and sucking with sterile filter paper to dry, washing with warm water at 30deg.C for 5-6 times, and removing mucus on seed coats to improve seed permeability; D. rubbing the dried seeds with clean cloth and fine sand to loosen the seed coats, soaking the seeds in warm water at 40-50 ℃ for later use; 2) Accelerating germination and soaking treatment: soaking seed of Solanum cochineal in culture flask containing germination accelerating agent solution at normal temperature for 5-7 hr, and transferring to temperature-controlled incubator with temperature of 27-29 deg.C and illumination intensity of 0umol.m -2 · S -1 The time of the dark culture treatment is controlled to be 2.5-3.5 days, and the water evaporated in the culture bottle is supplemented with the germination accelerating agent solution every day so as to maintain the concentration of the germination accelerating agent solution in the culture bottle unchanged; the germination accelerating reagent solution is sodium nitroprusside reagent, and the concentration of the sodium nitroprusside reagent is controlled to be 0.1 mmol.L -1 1, a step of; 3) Sowing: sowing germinated seed of Solanum cochineal, preparing nutrient soil, which is prepared from garden soil, organic fertilizer, coal cinder, ammonium sulfate nitrate, potassium chloride and calcium superphosphate by mixing and stirring, spreading a layer of nutrient soil on seedbed, controlling thickness of the nutrient soil to 5-6cm, and loading the nutrient soilThe seedling raising plug tray is used for standby; then punching holes in seedling raising hole trays by using a puncher, wherein the holes are punched in the center of each hole, the hole depth is controlled to be 1.0-1.2 cm, the bixin seeds are placed in the holes in the center of each hole, each hole is flatly placed, covered and treated, the sown seedling raising hole trays are laid in a seedbed, the hole trays are thoroughly poured by clear water in time, and the holes are sprayed with light and uniform water to prevent matrix and seeds in the holes from being punched, wherein the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of garden soil, 4 parts of organic fertilizer and 1 part of coal cinder, and 0.5-0.8kg of ammonium sulfate nitrate, 0.3-0.5kg of potassium chloride and 0.1-0.3kg of calcium superphosphate are added into each cubic meter of nutrient soil; 4) Promoting growth, uniformly spraying the prepared treatment reagent on leaf of Solanum nopsis when seedling grows to 4-5 true leaves, and spraying until leaf drops, wherein the treatment reagent is sodium nitroprusside reagent, and the concentration of sodium nitroprusside reagent is controlled at 0.85 mmol.L -1 。
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| CN106212019A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2016-12-14 | 陆开珍 | A kind of Fructus Solani melongenae implantation methods |
| CN113133392A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-07-20 | 湖南省沿溪新丰高科农业发展股份有限公司 | Eggplant planting and seedling raising method |
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