CN110972799A - Method for interplanting acer palmatum among carya illinoensis seedlings - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
A method for interplanting acer palmatum among carya illinoensis seedlings comprises the following steps: (1) soil preparation, (2) ditching, ridging, (3) planting carya illinoensis seedlings and acer palmatum seedlings, and (4) tending and managing; the invention provides a method for interplanting acer palmatum seedlings among apocarya seedlings, which solves the problems of low land utilization rate, low yield per unit area, low ecological, social and economic benefits and the like of the current apocarya seedlings in forest land.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seedling planting, in particular to a method for interplanting acer palmatum among carya illinoensis seedlings.
Background
Apocarya [ Carya illinoensis (Wangerm.) K. Koch ] also named Changshan walnut, is a high-volume arbor of deciduous leaves of Carya (Juglandaceae) and native southeast area of the United states, and is a famous dry fruit economic tree species and precious material tree species in the world. The nuts are rich in nutritional ingredients, are delicious and nutritional health foods and are deeply favored by the masses; the nutlet contains about 72% of oil, 70% of the oil is monounsaturated fatty acid, and the quality of the nutlet is similar to or even superior to that of olive oil; the wood is firm and tough, fine in material, compact in texture, elastic, not prone to warping and cracking, attractive in color and luster and is a high-quality high-grade hardwood material. The popularization of the efficient cultivation mode of the apocarya can promote the rapid and good development of the apocarya industry and simultaneously promote the great work of the woody oil industry in China. However, the carya illinoensis tree grows slowly and has a late bearing period, bearing fruits 6 years after planting and entering a full bearing period 8-10 years later, so that the time of the previous 8 years is increased, the base is light input and has no output, the space of the forest is large, the space of the forest is wasted, and the income is extremely low.
Acer palmatum Thunb (academic name: Acer palmatum Thunb.) is Aceraceae, Acer deciduous arborescens; the tree crown is umbrella-shaped, the bark is smooth, and the bark is dark gray; the leaves are nearly round, the base part is heart-shaped or nearly heart-shaped, and sharp sawteeth are densely generated; the young fruit is purple red, brown yellow after being ripe, and the kernel is spherical. Acer palmatum likes sunlight, is prohibited from shooting in the west, and burns leaves in the west. Is relatively resistant to yin and has good growth vigor under the shade of tall trees. Has stronger resistance to sulfur dioxide and smoke dust. The leaves are beautiful, turn into bright red after autumn, are as bright as flowers, can be as bright as clouds, are excellent foliage-viewing tree species, and are widely applied to landscape greening.
At present, the acer palmatum is mainly planted in a single mode. The singly planted acer palmatum is easy to generate sun burn and plant diseases and insect pests, and has poor resistance and growth speed, so that the utilization rate of forest land is not high, and the yield per unit area is low. The selection of the interplanting mode can solve the problems of serious pest and disease damage and the like, improve the ecological environment, improve the land utilization efficiency, optimize the tree seed structure and the like. The selected interplanted plants can mutually promote and reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, and can improve the yield per unit area. The pecan belongs to tall trees, has few plant diseases and insect pests, is beneficial to the growth of the pecan and the acer palmatum when being interplanted, and can play a good role in improving the ecological environment. Therefore, the establishment of a scientific interplanting method ensures that the carya illinoensis and the acer palmatum mutually promote and grow well, and simultaneously improves the yield of unit land area and the ecological environment, which is a problem to be solved urgently in the field.
The invention content is as follows:
technical problem to be solved
The invention provides a method for interplanting acer palmatum seedlings among apocarya seedlings, which solves the problems of low land utilization rate, low yield per unit area, low ecological, social and economic benefits and the like of the current apocarya seedlings in forest land.
(II) the adopted technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme: a method for interplanting acer palmatum among carya illinoensis seedlings comprises the following steps:
1 soil preparation
A base with good soil air permeability and a pH value of 5.5-7.5 is selected to construct a garden, the garden land is ploughed once in the current year from 10 months to 11 months, meanwhile, impurities such as weeds, stones and the like are removed, compound fertilizers are uniformly spread according to the application amount of 50kg per mu, and the land is ploughed again to achieve leveling.
2. Ditching and ridging
The method is characterized in that drainage ditches are dug deeply around a garden, the width and the depth of each ditch are 0.8-1m, ridges with the width of 1.5-2m are formed on the mat surface every 12m, planting holes with the length, the width and the height of 0.8m are dug on the ridges every 5m, and the soil is guaranteed to be loose and free of diseases and insect pests through frozen soil in winter.
3. Planting Carya illinoensis seedling and acer palmatum seedling
Applying base fertilizer into the planting holes dug in advance in the late 2 th to the early 3 rd ten years of the next year, properly trimming roots and removing branches of 2 1-trunk selected pecan improved varieties (generally approved or recognized varieties, such as Boney, Wiston, Marhan, Xiaooni, Weiqita, Bigen No. 3 and the like), planting the pecan improved varieties into the planting holes on the ridges according to the proportion of 4:1 of main planting varieties and pollinated varieties, wherein the planting depth is not too deep, and the planting depth is 1-2cm larger than the original soil marks; simultaneously, 1 year old acer palmatum is planted into the mat surface at a distance of 3m from the apocarya, wherein the plant row spacing is 2m multiplied by 2m, and the apocarya and the acer palmatum are both thoroughly watered with root fixing water.
4. Tending management
(1) Fixed stem
Drying the apocarya generally within 1 week after planting, wherein the drying height is 1.5-1.8 m; the height of the tree body is preferably controlled below 6m, so that fruits can be picked conveniently; the acer palmatum has a fixed dry height of 1.3-1.5 m.
(2) Fertilizing
The base fertilizer applied before planting the carya illinoensis is a mixed fertilizer of decomposed livestock manure, organic fertilizer and the like, the fertilizer is applied twice every 6 months and 9 months after planting, quick-acting compound fertilizer is taken as the main material, and 0.5-1kg of fertilizer is applied to each plant; applying fertilizer to acer palmatum for 1-2 times per year, applying quick-acting compound fertilizer to acer palmatum, and applying fertilizer 0.2-0.5kg per plant
(3) Pruning
The apocarya is pruned preferably by adopting open heart shape as the main, leave 3-5 main branches at the upper end of the trunk, each main branch leaves 3-4 branches in different directions, pay attention to the removal of staggered branches, upper back branches and lower back branches; the acer palmatum should be trimmed according to a natural open heart shape with 3 main branches, 2 side branches are left on each main branch, and two branches are left on each side branch.
(4) Watering
The carya illinoensis is fond of water, water is poured once every half to 1 month, enough water is poured in the fruit expansion period and the filling period, and other times are determined according to conditions; the acer palmatum is not water-resistant and should be watered according to the circumstances under the condition of ensuring good growth.
(5) Pest control
The main disease of the carya illinoensis is a deadwood disease, and bactericides such as carbendazim, chlorothalonil and the like are sprayed in the disease development period; the insect pest is mainly longicorn, the prevention and control work of the insect pest is required to be done in winter, the prevention and control work is mainly carried out by biological and physical methods such as natural enemies, trapping and killing and the like, and chemical agents such as poisonous cotton swabs are matched for killing. Acer palmatum mainly uses Bordeaux mixture, mancozeb and the like to prevent anthracnose, leaf spot, black spot and the like; the high-effective cyhalothrin and abamectin are used to prevent and cure aphid, chafer and moth, etc. (III) advantageous effects
The invention has the advantages that: the method for interplanting the apocarya seedlings and the acer palmatum disclosed by the invention not only can fully utilize the empty land of the apocarya to plant the acer palmatum and improve the land utilization rate, but also has no benefit particularly at the initial stage of building a garden, and utilizes the characteristic of quick growth of the acer palmatum to obtain the benefit as soon as possible and accelerate the returning time of invested funds; can also improve soil environment, provide employment channels for surrounding farmers and improve ecological and social benefits. The method has precise design and test on the planting density and the planting technology, obtains good effect, has obviously better growth vigor than singly planted acer palmatum interplanted with apocarya by estimation, reduces the hazards of sun burn, water logging and the like, and increases the yield by 3000-fold 4000 yuan per mu. In addition, the rhizosphere environment of the apocarya interplanting acer palmatum is improved, the fruiting period is advanced by 2 years, and the income can be generated more quickly.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Example (b):
a method for interplanting acer palmatum among carya illinoensis seedlings comprises the following steps:
1 soil preparation
A base with good soil air permeability and a pH value of 5.5-7.5 is selected to construct a garden, the garden land is ploughed once in the current year from 10 months to 11 months, meanwhile, impurities such as weeds, stones and the like are removed, compound fertilizers are uniformly spread according to the application amount of 50kg per mu, and the land is ploughed again to achieve leveling.
2. Ditching and ridging
The method is characterized in that drainage ditches are dug deeply around a garden, the width and the depth of each ditch are 0.8-1m, ridges with the width of 1.5-2m are formed on the mat surface every 12m, planting holes with the length, the width and the height of 0.8m are dug on the ridges every 5m, and the soil is guaranteed to be loose and free of diseases and insect pests through frozen soil in winter.
3. Planting Carya illinoensis seedling and acer palmatum seedling
Applying base fertilizer into the planting holes dug in advance in the late 2 th to the early 3 rd ten years of the next year, properly trimming roots and removing branches of 2 1-trunk selected pecan improved varieties (generally approved or recognized varieties, such as Boney, Wiston, Marhan, Xiaooni, Weiqita, Bigen No. 3 and the like), planting the pecan improved varieties into the planting holes on the ridges according to the proportion of 4:1 of main planting varieties and pollinated varieties, wherein the planting depth is not too deep, and the planting depth is 1-2cm larger than the original soil marks; simultaneously, 1 year old acer palmatum is planted into the mat surface at a distance of 3m from the apocarya, wherein the plant row spacing is 2m multiplied by 2m, and the apocarya and the acer palmatum are both thoroughly watered with root fixing water.
4. Tending management
(1) Fixed stem
Drying the apocarya generally within 1 week after planting, wherein the drying height is 1.5-1.8 m; the height of the tree body is preferably controlled below 6m, so that fruits can be picked conveniently; the acer palmatum has a fixed dry height of 1.3-1.5 m.
(2) Fertilizing
The base fertilizer applied before planting the carya illinoensis is a mixed fertilizer of decomposed livestock manure, organic fertilizer and the like, the fertilizer is applied twice every 6 months and 9 months after planting, quick-acting compound fertilizer is taken as the main material, and 0.5-1kg of fertilizer is applied to each plant; applying fertilizer to acer palmatum for 1-2 times per year, applying quick-acting compound fertilizer to acer palmatum, and applying fertilizer 0.2-0.5kg per plant
(3) Pruning
The apocarya is pruned preferably by adopting open heart shape as the main, leave 3-5 main branches at the upper end of the trunk, each main branch leaves 3-4 branches in different directions, pay attention to the removal of staggered branches, upper back branches and lower back branches; the acer palmatum should be trimmed according to a natural open heart shape with 3 main branches, 2 side branches are left on each main branch, and two branches are left on each side branch.
(4) Watering
The carya illinoensis is fond of water, water is poured once every half to 1 month, enough water is poured in the fruit expansion period and the filling period, and other times are determined according to conditions; the acer palmatum is not water-resistant and should be watered according to the circumstances under the condition of ensuring good growth.
(5) Pest control
The main disease of the carya illinoensis is a deadwood disease, and bactericides such as carbendazim, chlorothalonil and the like are sprayed in the disease development period; the insect pest is mainly longicorn, the prevention and control work of the insect pest is required to be done in winter, the prevention and control work is mainly carried out by biological and physical methods such as natural enemies, trapping and killing and the like, and chemical agents such as poisonous cotton swabs are matched for killing. Acer palmatum mainly uses Bordeaux mixture, mancozeb and the like to prevent anthracnose, leaf spot, black spot and the like; the high-effective cyhalothrin and abamectin are used to prevent and cure aphid, chafer and moth, etc.
And (3) testing: newly-built interplanting garden for interplanting apocarya and acer palmatum
And (3) leveling the land at 11/8 of 2014, collecting and town of the persistent king officers in Jiangsu, applying 50kg of compound fertilizer per mu, forming deep ditches with the width of 1m multiplied by 1m around the base, making ridges with the width of 2m at intervals of 12m, and digging planting holes with the square of 0.8m at intervals of 5 m.
2, 1-root and 2-stem grafted seedlings of Carya illinoensis and Bigen No. 3 are planted in planting holes in 26 days 2 months 2015, 2kg of organic fertilizer and 1kg of decomposed chicken manure are applied as base fertilizer, and one row of Wiston is planted every 4 rows to serve as a pollinator. Meanwhile, planting 1-year-old acer palmatum into the mat surface at a distance of 3m from the carya illinoensis according to the plant row spacing of 2m multiplied by 2m, and sufficiently watering for rooting.
After all the plants are planted, drying the apocarya according to the height of 1.5m, and drying the acer palmatum according to the height of 1.3 m. Applying fertilizers twice in the middle 6 th and the beginning 9 th of the carya illinoensis, and applying a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, wherein 0.5-1kg of fertilizer is applied to each plant; 2 fertilizers are applied to the acer palmatum in 5 months and 7 months every year, 15-15-15 compound fertilizers are applied, and 0.2-0.5kg of fertilizer is applied to each plant. The watering of the apocarya depends on the weather, the apocarya is generally watered every half and a half a month, and the acer palmatum depends on the soil moisture content.
After 3 years, 4 years and 5 years of planting according to the interplanting method of the invention, the single carya illinoensis and the single acer palmatum, the growth condition of trees and the income comparison are investigated and shown in table 1.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations may be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (2)
1. The method for interplanting acer palmatum among carya illinoensis seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) soil preparation
Selecting a base with good soil air permeability and a pH value of between 5.5 and 7.5 to construct a garden, firstly ploughing the garden land once in the current year from 10 to 11 months, simultaneously removing impurities such as weeds, stones and the like, uniformly spreading a compound fertilizer according to the application amount of 50kg per mu, ploughing the land again to achieve leveling;
(2) ditching and ridging
Deeply digging drainage ditches around the garden, wherein the width and the depth of the ditches are 0.8-1m, making ridges with the mat surface of 1.5-2m width every 12m, digging planting holes with the length, the width and the height of 0.8m every 5m on the ridges, and ensuring that the soil is loose and free of diseases and insect pests through frozen soil in winter;
(3) planting Carya illinoensis seedling and acer palmatum seedling
Applying base fertilizer into the planting holes dug in advance in the late 2 th to the early 3 rd ten years of the next year, properly trimming roots and removing branches of 2 1-trunk selected pecan improved varieties (generally approved or recognized varieties, such as Boney, Wiston, Marhan, Xiaooni, Weiqita, Bigen No. 3 and the like), planting the pecan improved varieties into the planting holes on the ridges according to the proportion of 4:1 of main planting varieties and pollinated varieties, wherein the planting depth is not too deep, and the planting depth is 1-2cm larger than the original soil marks; simultaneously, planting 1-year-old acer palmatum into mat surface at a distance of 3m from the apocarya, wherein the plant row spacing of the acer palmatum is 2m multiplied by 2m, and thoroughly pouring root fixing water on both the apocarya and the acer palmatum;
(4) tending management
a, drying
Drying the apocarya generally within 1 week after planting, wherein the drying height is 1.5-1.8 m; the height of the tree body is preferably controlled below 6m, so that fruits can be picked conveniently; the height of the acer palmatum fixed dry is between 1.3 and 1.5 m;
b, fertilizing
The base fertilizer applied before planting the carya illinoensis is a mixed fertilizer of decomposed livestock manure, organic fertilizer and the like, the fertilizer is applied twice every 6 months and 9 months after planting, quick-acting compound fertilizer is taken as the main material, and 0.5-1kg of fertilizer is applied to each plant; applying fertilizer to acer palmatum for 1-2 times per year, mainly applying quick-acting compound fertilizer, and applying 0.2-0.5kg of fertilizer to each plant;
c, pruning
The apocarya is pruned preferably by adopting open heart shape as the main, leave 3-5 main branches at the upper end of the trunk, each main branch leaves 3-4 branches in different directions, pay attention to the removal of staggered branches, upper back branches and lower back branches; the acer palmatum should be shaped according to the natural heart, 3 main branches, leave 2 lateral branches on each main branch, leave two branches on each lateral branch again, prune sequentially;
d, watering
The carya illinoensis is fond of water, water is poured once every half to 1 month, enough water is poured in the fruit expansion period and the filling period, and other times are determined according to conditions; the acer palmatum is not waterproof and should be watered according to the circumstances under the condition of ensuring good growth;
e, pest control
The main disease of the carya illinoensis is a deadwood disease, and bactericides such as carbendazim, chlorothalonil and the like are sprayed in the disease development period; the insect pest is mainly longicorn, the prevention and control work of the insect pest is well done in winter, the insect pest is mainly prevented and controlled by biological and physical methods such as natural enemies, trapping and killing, chemical agents such as poisonous cotton swabs are matched for killing, and acer palmatum is mainly used for preventing and controlling anthracnose, leaf spot, black spot and the like by boldo liquid, mancozeb and the like; the high-effective cyhalothrin and abamectin are used to prevent and cure aphid, chafer and moth, etc.
2. The method for interplanting acer palmatum seedlings together with apocarya seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the height difference between the ridges for planting the carya illinoensis and the mat surface for planting the acer palmatum in the step (2) is 0.4-0.6 m.
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