CN111296155A - Method for relieving continuous cropping planting problem of peony - Google Patents
Method for relieving continuous cropping planting problem of peony Download PDFInfo
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- CN111296155A CN111296155A CN202010184255.3A CN202010184255A CN111296155A CN 111296155 A CN111296155 A CN 111296155A CN 202010184255 A CN202010184255 A CN 202010184255A CN 111296155 A CN111296155 A CN 111296155A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
A method for relieving the problem of continuous cropping planting of peony relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, and specifically comprises a soil treatment step, a fertilization step, a seedling selection step, a planting step and a post-planting management step, wherein harmful insect bacteria in soil can be thoroughly eliminated through soil treatment; the soil structure of the continuous cropping land can be effectively improved through organic fertilizer and formula fertilization measures, and the soil nutrition balance of the continuous cropping land is promoted; the continuous cropping resistance of the peony seedlings can be further improved through resistance seedling selection and optimized cultivation technical measures; through post-planting management measures, the disease can be effectively prevented and treated, the plant resistance is improved, and the plants are promoted to grow healthily.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, relates to a plant cultivation technology, and particularly relates to a method for relieving the continuous cropping planting problem of peony.
Background
Peony is a unique flower resource of native China, has more than 1500 years of gardening cultivation history in various parts of China, has good equivalent values of ornamental value, medicinal value and oil value, is also the best alternative species of Chinese 'national flowers', and is widely used as a supporting column industry for large-area centralized planting development in China.
In recent years, peony industry gathering areas are established in peony traditional planting areas such as Luoyang in Henan, Hanze in Shandong, Tonghi Tunling and Gansu Linji27950, and investment is made to perfect field infrastructure and plant matching construction. Because the peony planting age limit of each peony core planting area is generally overlong, and meanwhile, the commercialized circulation of peony seedlings is accelerated, the planting scale of peony planting households or enterprises is enlarged while the seedling cultivation age limit is shortened, and the continuous cropping phenomenon of the peony is unavoidable in order to efficiently utilize the land. Researches show that the problem of continuous cropping planting obstacle of peony in various places is prominent, and the prominent symptoms are low seedling survival rate, weak growth vigor year by year, multiple diseases, premature senility of plants, serious death and the like. In the face of the problem of continuous cropping planting obstacle, peony seedling breeding enterprises are forced to change planting land blocks in 3-5 years, and accordingly peony cultivation in a peony core development area is dispersed, and infrastructure and factory building waste is caused. Therefore, the technical measures for effectively solving the problem of continuous cropping planting of the peony are absolutely necessary to be explored.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for relieving the continuous cropping planting problem of peony, which can effectively overcome the continuous cropping planting obstacle problem of peony and improve the utilization rate of land and field facilities.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows: a method for relieving the continuous cropping planting problem of peony comprises the following steps:
step one, soil treatment:
(1) after 9-10 months, thoroughly cleaning the original peony residues in the soil after cleaning the seedlings of the peony fields;
(2) in late 11 months, deeply ploughing the land for more than 35cm, keeping the ploughed original state, not leveling, and ploughing the deep soil on the surface layer;
(3) leveling the land in 3-7 months in the next year, planting green manure, returning the green manure to the field, and improving the soil structure;
(4) at the bottom of 7 months to the beginning of 8 months, the green manure is stubble-cleaned, deep ploughing is combined, then the film of the clean land is covered, and high-temperature sterilization and disinfection are carried out in summer;
step two, applying base fertilizer and insecticide
In the last 8 th-9 th month, commonly applying organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer as green manure and returning to the field as base fertilizer, simultaneously broadcasting 15kg of carbofuran per mu, deeply ploughing and finely harrowing, leveling and waiting for planting; wherein the organic fertilizer is 1000-1500 kg/mu and the microbial fertilizer is 200-300 kg/mu;
step three, the requirement of newly planted nursery stock: the grafting seedling is mainly grafted by the peony root; 3-5 branches are required for each seedling, the root system is rich, and no plant diseases and insect pests exist;
step four, planting requirements: planting peony in late 9-10 middle of the month, preparing a mixed solution of 700 times of thiophanate methyl and 800 times of methyl isoxathion emulsifiable concentrate, and soaking the root of the peony in the mixed solution for 20 minutes; during planting, the root of the peony is hung with slurry containing the mixed solution of rooting powder and bactericide;
step five, managing after planting:
(1) soil loosening and weeding: weeding is carried out regularly in the peony growing season; deeply turning over the rows of the peony by 30cm before winter;
(2) fertilizing and watering: in the beginning of 3 months, according to the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 2: 1: 1, fertilizing 10-15kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per mu, and fertilizing 50-75kg of compound fertilizer in the last ten days of 11 months; in 5-6 months, 0.2% -0.5% monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on the leaf surface once every half month, and fertilization is carried out in combination with watering;
(3) and (3) pest control: after the flowering phase, spraying a leaf surface protective agent once every half month; spraying mixed solution of chlorothalonil and wettable daphniphyllum powder once every 10 days for 6-7 months; in 9-10 months, 10kg carbofuran is applied in each mu in combination with hoeing.
According to the peony habit, field management in the growing season is enhanced, water accumulation in rainy seasons is avoided, fertilizer is applied according to the formula, and pruning work twice a year is performed. Peony prefers cold and aversion to heat, is dry and wet, prefers yang to endure semi-yin, has developed pulp, deep roots and prefers fertilizer and water. According to the habit, the field management in the growing season is enhanced, water accumulation in rainy season is avoided, fertilizer application is performed according to the formula as much as possible, 1-year and 2-time pruning work is done, and the medicine is used in a standard mode to prevent the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests. The peony is promoted to grow well through effective management measures, and the self resistance is enhanced.
The organic fertilizer in the second step is prepared from the following components in parts by weight of 1: 1, and further, the organic fertilizer A is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of bean stalks, 10-18 parts of pokeberry roots, 12-20 parts of sweet potato leaves, 20-30 parts of pyrethrum, 8-15 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 7-12 parts of ageratum conyzoides, 10-14 parts of macleaya cordata, 80-100 parts of food wastes, 12-20 parts of sweet cloves, 5-10 parts of ailanthus, 5-10 parts of radix stemonae, 11-18 parts of garden balsam stems, 30-45 parts of oats and 40-55 parts of bean pulp.
The organic fertilizer B is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of fermentation powder, 10-13 parts of aurora, 10-20 parts of alfalfa, 17-35 parts of sophora alopecuroides, 20-45 parts of astragalus sinicus, 12-20 parts of alligator alternanthera, 45-60 parts of farmyard manure, 10-16 parts of green tea leaves and 50-65 parts of biogas slurry; wherein, the golden aster, the alfalfa, the sophora alopecuroides, the astragalus sinicus and the lotus seed grass are all whole plants. Firstly, cutting off the golden aster, the alfalfa, the sophora alopecuroides, the astragalus sinicus and the lotus seed grass, uniformly stirring and mixing the cut-off materials with the farmyard manure and the biogas slurry, adding the green tea leaves, standing for 12-24h, then adding the fermentation powder, fully mixing and uniformly stirring, then stacking a fertilizer pile in a fertilizer piling bin, standing for fermentation, and decomposing to obtain the plant green manure. And turning and mixing when the temperature of the center of the pile exceeds 50 ℃, continuously turning and mixing by taking the temperature not to exceed 60 ℃ as a standard, and decomposing for 35-40 days to obtain the plant green manure.
Further, the microbial fertilizer in the second step is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-90 parts of organic fertilizer and 10-35 parts of auxiliary material powder, and additionally, 5-10% of strains and 0.5-1% of xanthan gum, wherein the strains are composed of bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus acidophilus, klebsiella, bacillus mucilaginosus, paenibacillus megaterium, bacillus circulans, bacillus cereus and azotobacter chroococcum, and the mass ratio of the various bacteria is 1.
The preparation method of the microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing at least three of vegetables, fish and shrimp, livestock and poultry leftovers, livestock and poultry manure and shells according to the weight ratio of 1 to prepare an organic fertilizer; mixing plant ash, humic acid and wood dust in a weight ratio of 1 to prepare an auxiliary material; according to the proportion, uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer, the auxiliary materials, the strains and the xanthan gum, adjusting the pH to 7-8 by using quick lime, stacking in an environment of 20-25 ℃, continuously turning and mixing under the standard that the temperature is kept to be not more than 60 ℃, finishing fermentation when a proper amount of white hypha is fully distributed, processing and granulating to obtain the microbial fertilizer. The humic acid can promote the growth and development of peony plants and improve the disease resistance of the peony plants.
In the fourth step, garden soil, plant ash and water are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1: 1: 3, mixing the raw materials into a mixture, and adding 8-12 wt% of carbendazim solution and rooting powder into the mixture to form slurry; wherein the mass concentration of the carbendazim solution is 0.6-0.8 per mill, and the mass ratio of the carbendazim solution to the rooting powder is 1: 1. experiments prove that compared with the traditional planting method, the method for planting the peony provided by the invention has the advantages that the infection rate of mycorrhiza can be improved by 6-7%, and the survival rate of nursery stocks can be improved by 10-16%.
The fertilizer contains milk vetch, pokeberry root, golden aster, alfalfa and bean stalks with higher nitrogen content; the organic fertilizer contains phytolacca acinosa, lotus seed grass, sweet clover and green tea residues with high potassium content, and sophora alopecuroides, sweet potato leaves, oat, bean pulp and phytolacca acinosa with high phosphorus content, and is rich in nitrogen elements, potassium elements, phosphorus elements and trace elements through reasonable proportioning, meanwhile, the leaves of the golden chrysanthemum contain 2.89% of nitrogen, 1.08% of phosphorus and 4.99% of potassium, and rhizobia rich in alfalfa roots can play a role in nitrogen fixation. After the invention treats the soil, the residual imidacloprid is less than 0.65mg/kg, the residual phoxim is less than 1.0mg/kg, the soil microorganism is obviously increased, and the invention has good improvement effect on continuous cropping and continuous cropping.
The invention can thoroughly eliminate harmful insect bacteria in the soil through soil treatment. The soil structure of the continuous cropping land can be effectively improved through organic fertilizer and formula fertilization measures, and the soil nutrition balance of the continuous cropping land is promoted. The continuous cropping resistance of the peony seedlings can be further improved through resistance seedling selection and optimized cultivation technical measures. Through post-planting management measures, the disease can be effectively prevented and treated, the plant resistance is improved, and the plants are promoted to grow healthily.
The organic fertilizer applied by the invention can enrich nutrient substances in soil; improving the physical properties of soil; improve the water and fertilizer retention performance of the soil. Enhancing the soil buffering property, accelerating the desalination and eliminating the harm of active aluminum and free iron; purifying and beautifying the environment, inhibiting weeds from being harmful, and the like. The invention uses the green manure, the organic fertilizer and the microbial fertilizer in a matching way, the plant root secretion in the fertilizer can effectively increase the activity of soil related enzymes and microorganisms, increase soil aerobic bacteria and improve the carbon content and the nitrogen content of the microorganisms.
The pokeberry contains saponin capable of killing diamondback moth, and the whole plant also contains rich microelements such as iron, sulfur, potassium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, copper, zinc and the like, so that the growth requirement of peony can be met; the tripterygium wilfordii contains abundant tripterygium wilfordii alkali which can effectively poison pests; the ailanthus contains alkaloids, quassin, flavonoids and the like, contains special odor, can make insect pests repel food, and has strong repelling and insect expelling effects; the ageratum conyzoides contains ageratum extract and analogues thereof, borneol ester, caryophyllene, nerolidol, caryophyllene oxide and other substances, and has the effects of resisting feeding of insects and killing and expelling insects; the macleaya cordata contains allocryptopine, and insecticidal active ingredients in a plurality of plants such as pyrethrum, stemona, garden balsam stem and the like are mutually synergistic, so that the macleaya cordata has a strong insect expelling effect. The sterilizing and insect-expelling substance is mainly derived from plant sources, the content of corresponding active ingredients can be correspondingly improved after the substances are extracted by different methods, and meanwhile, the substances are reasonably proportioned according to different planting soil and growth environments of peony, so that the aims of sterilizing and expelling insects can be effectively fulfilled.
According to the invention, through soil treatment, harmful germs in soil are effectively eliminated, the self-toxicity problem of peony is effectively relieved, the microbial population structure is adjusted through a formula fertilization measure, the number of beneficial microbial populations is increased, and the self-resistance of seedlings is improved through seedling stock type screening, so that the problem of continuous cropping planting obstacle of peony is effectively overcome, and the utilization rate of land and field facilities is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is explained in detail with reference to specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the purpose of disclosing the invention is to protect all technical improvements within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for relieving the continuous cropping planting problem of peony comprises the following steps:
step one, soil treatment:
(1) and 9-10 months, after the seedlings of the peony field are cleaned, the original peony residues (roots, stems and leaves) in the soil are thoroughly cleaned, and when the soil is deeply ploughed, the residual root systems in the soil are thoroughly cleaned through a mesh screen type ploughing machine, so that the self-toxicity substances generated in the decomposition process of the residual root systems are reduced.
(2) In late 11 months, the land is deeply ploughed for more than 35cm, the ploughed state is kept, leveling is not carried out, deep soil is ploughed on the surface layer, and the overwintering ova, larvae and the like in the soil are killed by using the low temperature in winter. The pathogenic substances on the surface layer of the soil are turned and buried in the deep soil layer, pests in the deep soil layer turn to the ground, the suitable living environment of the pests is damaged, and the pests and the diseases which overwinter in the soil cannot normally overwinter through low temperature in winter, so that the base number of the pests and the diseases which overwinter in the soil is effectively reduced.
(3) And 3-7 months in the next year, leveling the land, planting green manure (sesbania) and effectively inhibiting weed breeding. After returning the green manure to the field, the soil structure can be effectively improved, and the nutrient components can be supplemented.
(4) And (4) cleaning the green manure from the bottom of 7 months to the beginning of 8 months, deeply turning, covering the film on the clean land, and sterilizing and disinfecting by using high temperature in summer.
Step two, applying base fertilizer and insecticide
In the last 8 th-9 th month, applying enough organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer, and simultaneously applying 15kg of carbofuran per mu; deep ploughing and fine harrowing, and leveling for planting.
Step three, the requirement of newly planted nursery stock: the grafting seedling is mainly grafted by the peony root; the individual seedlings require 3-5 branches, have rich root systems and no plant diseases and insect pests.
Step four, planting requirements: planting peony in late 9-10 middle of the month, preparing a mixed solution of 700 times of thiophanate methyl and 800 times of methyl isoxathion emulsifiable concentrate, and soaking the root of the peony in the mixed solution for 20 minutes; during planting, the root is hung with slurry containing the mixed liquid of rooting powder and bactericide; mixing garden soil, plant ash and water according to a volume ratio of 1: 1: 3, mixing the mixture, and adding 9 percent of carbendazim solution and rooting powder into the mixture to form slurry; wherein the mass concentration of the carbendazim solution is 0.6-0.8 per mill, and the mass ratio of the carbendazim solution to the rooting powder is 1: 1.
step five, managing after planting:
(3) soil loosening and weeding: weeding is carried out regularly in the peony growing season, and weed breeding is prevented. Before winter, the peony is deeply turned for 30cm in rows, which is beneficial to sterilizing and killing insects and improving the soil structure.
(4) Fertilizing and watering: in the beginning of 3 months, according to the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 2: 1: applying 10-15kg of fertilizer per mu, and applying 50-75kg of compound fertilizer in last ten days of 11 months. In 5-6 months, 0.2% -0.5% of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on the leaf surface once every half month. Fertilization is often combined with watering.
(3) And (3) pest control:
after the flowering phase (5-6 last ten days), the foliar protective agent (Bordeaux mixture) is sprayed once every half month to prevent the pathogenic bacteria from invading the leaves. Spraying mixed solution of chlorothalonil and wettable daphniphyllum powder once every 10 days for 6-7 months to sterilize and deinsectize. Preventing and treating root diseases and insect pests. In 9-10 months, 10kg carbofuran is applied to each mu in combination with hoeing.
(4) After 8 months, the green manure is ploughed after stubble cleaning, and the film is covered for high-temperature sterilization and disinfection.
Wherein, an organic fertilizer and a microbial fertilizer are applied, wherein the organic fertilizer accounts for 1000-1500 kg/mu and the microbial fertilizer accounts for 200-300 kg/mu; the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight of 1: 1, wherein the organic fertilizer A consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of bean stalks, 10 parts of pokeberry roots, 12 parts of sweet potato leaves, 20 parts of pyrethrum, 11 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 9 parts of ageratum conyzoides, 12 parts of macleaya cordata, 90 parts of food wastes, 13 parts of sweet cloves, 7 parts of ailanthus, 8 parts of radix stemonae, 15 parts of garden balsam stems, 30 parts of oats and 40 parts of bean pulp. The microbial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85 parts of organic fertilizer and 15 parts of auxiliary material powder, and additionally, strains accounting for 6% of the total weight of the organic fertilizer and the auxiliary material, and xanthan gum accounting for 0.8% of the total weight of the organic fertilizer and the auxiliary material, wherein the strains consist of bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus acidophilus, klebsiella, bacillus mucilaginosus, paenibacillus megaterium, bacillus circulans, bacillus cereus and azotobacter chroococcum, and the mass ratio of various bacteria is 1. Wherein the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 50wt%, and the number of beneficial viable bacteria of the microbial fertilizer is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 107 cfu/g. The organic fertilizer B is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of fermentation powder, 10-13 parts of aurora, 10-20 parts of alfalfa, 17-35 parts of sophora alopecuroides, 20-45 parts of astragalus sinicus, 12-20 parts of alligator alternanthera, 45-60 parts of farmyard manure, 10-16 parts of green tea leaves and 50-65 parts of biogas slurry; wherein, the golden aster, the alfalfa, the sophora alopecuroides, the astragalus sinicus and the lotus seed grass are all whole plants. Firstly, cutting off the golden aster, the alfalfa, the sophora alopecuroides, the astragalus sinicus and the lotus seed grass, uniformly stirring and mixing the cut-off materials with the farmyard manure and the biogas slurry, adding the green tea leaves, standing for 12-24h, then adding the fermentation powder, fully mixing and uniformly stirring, then stacking a fertilizer pile in a fertilizer piling bin, standing for fermentation, and decomposing to obtain the plant green manure. And (3) turning and mixing when the temperature of the center of the pile body exceeds 50 ℃, continuously turning and mixing by taking the temperature not to exceed 60 ℃ as a standard, and decomposing for 35-40 days to obtain the organic fertilizer B.
The preparation method of the microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing at least three of vegetables, fish and shrimp, livestock and poultry leftovers, livestock and poultry manure and shells according to the weight ratio of 1 to prepare an organic fertilizer; mixing plant ash, humic acid and wood dust in a weight ratio of 1 to prepare an auxiliary material; according to the proportion, uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer, the auxiliary materials, the strains and the xanthan gum, adjusting the pH to 7-8 by using quick lime, stacking in an environment of 20-25 ℃, continuously turning and mixing under the standard that the temperature is kept to be not more than 60 ℃, finishing fermentation when a proper amount of white hypha is fully distributed, processing and granulating to obtain the microbial fertilizer. When the organic fertilizer is prepared, the water content of the mixed raw materials is controlled to be below 50%, the material amount is not less than 2 tons each time, the height of a material pile is above 80cm, the ambient temperature is above 20 ℃, the material pile starts to be turned over on the third day, once a day, the temperature of the material pile exceeds 60 ℃, and the turning times are increased. Turn over the inside and outside and turn over the top and bottom evenly. The material is loose, the temperature of the material pile is reduced, no obvious foreign odor escapes, and a large amount of white hypha is fully distributed, thus indicating that the fermentation is finished. When the moisture content of the material drops below 20%, the granulation is processed. The microbial fertilizer can inhibit bacterial or fungal diseases by producing various substances such as chitinase, cyanide and the like, and enhance the stress resistance and drought resistance of plants.
Example 2
A method for relieving the continuous cropping planting problem of peony comprises the following steps:
step one, soil treatment:
(1) and 9-10 months, after the seedlings of the peony field are cleaned, the original peony residues (roots, stems and leaves) in the soil are thoroughly cleaned, and when the soil is deeply ploughed, the residual root systems in the soil are thoroughly cleaned through a mesh screen type ploughing machine, so that the self-toxicity substances generated in the decomposition process of the residual root systems are reduced.
(2) In late 11 months, the land is deeply ploughed for more than 35cm, the ploughed state is kept, leveling is not carried out, deep soil is ploughed on the surface layer, and the overwintering ova, larvae and the like in the soil are killed by using the low temperature in winter. The pathogenic substances on the surface layer of the soil are turned and buried in the deep soil layer, pests in the deep soil layer turn to the ground, the suitable living environment of the pests is damaged, and the pests and the diseases which overwinter in the soil cannot normally overwinter through low temperature in winter, so that the base number of the pests and the diseases which overwinter in the soil is effectively reduced.
(3) And 3-7 months in the next year, leveling the land, planting green manure (sesbania) and effectively inhibiting weed breeding.
(4) And (4) cleaning the green manure from the bottom of 7 months to the beginning of 8 months, deeply turning, covering the film on the clean land, and sterilizing and disinfecting by using high temperature in summer.
Step two, applying base fertilizer and insecticide
In the last 8 th-9 th, organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer in a sufficient amount, and 15kg of carbofuran is applied per mu. Deep ploughing and fine harrowing, and leveling for planting.
Step three, the requirement of newly planted nursery stock: the grafting seedling is mainly grafted by the peony root; the individual seedlings require 3-5 branches, have rich root systems and no plant diseases and insect pests.
Step four, planting requirements: planting peony in late 9-10 middle of the month, preparing a mixed solution of 700 times of thiophanate methyl and 800 times of methyl isoxathion emulsifiable concentrate, and soaking the root of the peony in the mixed solution for 20 minutes; during planting, the root is hung with slurry containing the mixed liquid of rooting powder and bactericide; mixing garden soil, plant ash and water according to a volume ratio of 1: 1: 3, mixing the raw materials into a mixture, and adding a carbendazim solution and rooting powder which account for 12 percent of the weight of the mixture into the mixture to form slurry; wherein the mass concentration of the carbendazim solution is 0.6-0.8 per mill, and the mass ratio of the carbendazim solution to the rooting powder is 1: 1.
step five, managing after planting:
(5) soil loosening and weeding: weeding is carried out regularly in the peony growing season, and weed breeding is prevented. Before winter, the peony is deeply turned for 30cm in rows, which is beneficial to sterilizing and killing insects and improving the soil structure.
(6) Fertilizing and watering: in the beginning of 3 months, according to the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 2: 1: applying 10-15kg of fertilizer per mu, and applying 50-75kg of compound fertilizer in last ten days of 11 months. In 5-6 months, 0.2% -0.5% of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on the leaf surface once every half month. Fertilization is often combined with watering.
(3) And (3) pest control:
after the flowering phase (5-6 last ten days), the foliar protective agent (Bordeaux mixture) is sprayed once every half month to prevent the pathogenic bacteria from invading the leaves. Spraying mixed solution of chlorothalonil and wettable daphniphyllum powder once every 10 days for 6-7 months to sterilize and deinsectize. Preventing and treating root diseases and insect pests. In 9-10 months, 10kg carbofuran is applied to each mu in combination with hoeing.
The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight of 1: 1, wherein the organic fertilizer A consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of bean stalks, 18 parts of pokeberry roots, 15 parts of sweet potato leaves, 30 parts of pyrethrum, 10 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 10 parts of ageratum conyzoides, 10 parts of macleaya cordata, 85 parts of food wastes, 15 parts of sweet cloves, 5 parts of ailanthus, 10 parts of radix stemonae, 18 parts of garden balsam stems, 40 parts of oats and 55 parts of bean pulp. The organic fertilizer B is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of fermentation powder, 10 parts of golden aster, 20 parts of alfalfa, 35 parts of sophora alopecuroides, 20 parts of astragalus sinicus, 20 parts of lotus seed grass, 45 parts of farmyard manure, 12 parts of green tea residues and 65 parts of biogas slurry; wherein, the golden aster, the alfalfa, the sophora alopecuroides, the astragalus sinicus and the lotus seed grass are all whole plants; firstly, cutting off the golden aster, the alfalfa, the sophora alopecuroide, the astragalus sinicus and the lotus seed grass, stirring and mixing the cut-off materials with farmyard manure and biogas slurry uniformly, adding the green tea leaves, standing for 12-24h, adding the fermentation powder, fully mixing and stirring uniformly, then stacking a fertilizer pile in a fertilizer piling bin, standing for fermentation and thoroughly decomposing. And (3) turning and mixing when the temperature of the center of the stack body exceeds 50 ℃, and continuously turning and mixing for 40-42 days by taking the temperature not to exceed 60 ℃ as a standard. The microbial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of organic fertilizer and 35 parts of auxiliary material powder, and additionally, 5% of strains and 0.5% of xanthan gum, wherein the strains are composed of bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus acidophilus, klebsiella, bacillus mucilaginosus, paenibacillus megaterium, bacillus circulans, bacillus cereus and azotobacter chroococcum, and the mass ratio of the various strains is 1. Wherein the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 50wt%, and the number of beneficial viable bacteria of the microbial fertilizer is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 107 cfu/g.
Example 3
A method for relieving the continuous cropping planting problem of peony comprises the following steps:
step one, soil treatment:
(1) and 9-10 months, after the seedlings of the peony field are cleaned, the original peony residues (roots, stems and leaves) in the soil are thoroughly cleaned, and when the soil is deeply ploughed, the residual root systems in the soil are thoroughly cleaned through a mesh screen type ploughing machine, so that the self-toxicity substances generated in the decomposition process of the residual root systems are reduced.
(2) In late 11 months, the land is deeply ploughed for more than 35cm, the ploughed state is kept, leveling is not carried out, deep soil is ploughed on the surface layer, and the overwintering ova, larvae and the like in the soil are killed by using the low temperature in winter. The pathogenic substances on the surface layer of the soil are turned and buried in the deep soil layer, pests in the deep soil layer turn to the ground, the suitable living environment of the pests is damaged, and the pests and the diseases which overwinter in the soil cannot normally overwinter through low temperature in winter, so that the base number of the pests and the diseases which overwinter in the soil is effectively reduced.
(3) And 3-7 months in the next year, leveling the land, planting green manure (sesbania) and effectively inhibiting weed breeding.
(4) And (4) cleaning the green manure from the bottom of 7 months to the beginning of 8 months, deeply turning, covering the film on the clean land, and sterilizing and disinfecting by using high temperature in summer.
Step two, applying base fertilizer and insecticide
In the last 8 th-last 9 th month, organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer in a sufficient amount, and anti-continuous cropping agent is added, and 15kg carbofuran is applied per mu. Deep ploughing and fine harrowing, and leveling for planting.
Step three, the requirement of newly planted nursery stock: the grafting seedling is mainly grafted by the peony root; the individual seedlings require 3-5 branches, have rich root systems and no plant diseases and insect pests.
Step four, planting requirements: planting peony in late 9-10 middle of the month, preparing a mixed solution of 700 times of thiophanate methyl and 800 times of methyl isoxathion emulsifiable concentrate, and soaking the root of the peony in the mixed solution for 20 minutes; during planting, the root is hung with slurry containing the mixed liquid of rooting powder and bactericide; mixing garden soil, plant ash and water according to a volume ratio of 1: 1: 3, mixing the raw materials into a mixture, and adding 8% by weight of carbendazim solution and rooting powder into the mixture to form slurry; wherein the mass concentration of the carbendazim solution is 0.6-0.8 per mill, and the mass ratio of the carbendazim solution to the rooting powder is 1: 1.
step five, managing after planting:
(7) soil loosening and weeding: weeding is carried out regularly in the peony growing season, and weed breeding is prevented. Before winter, the peony is deeply turned for 30cm in rows, which is beneficial to sterilizing and killing insects and improving the soil structure.
(8) Fertilizing and watering: in the beginning of 3 months, according to the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 2: 1: applying 10-15kg of fertilizer per mu, and applying 50-75kg of compound fertilizer in last ten days of 11 months. In 5-6 months, 0.2% -0.5% of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on the leaf surface once every half month. Fertilization is often combined with watering.
(3) And (3) pest control:
after the flowering phase (5-6 last ten days), the foliar protective agent (Bordeaux mixture) is sprayed once every half month to prevent the pathogenic bacteria from invading the leaves. Spraying mixed solution of chlorothalonil and wettable daphniphyllum powder once every 10 days for 6-7 months to sterilize and deinsectize. Preventing and treating root diseases and insect pests. In 9-10 months, 10kg carbofuran is applied to each mu in combination with hoeing.
(4) After 8 months, the green manure is ploughed after stubble cleaning, and the film is covered for high-temperature sterilization and disinfection.
In this embodiment, the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in a weight ratio of 1: 1, wherein the organic fertilizer A consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of bean stalks, 13 parts of pokeberry roots, 120 parts of sweet potato leaves, 24 parts of pyrethrum, 15 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 12 parts of ageratum conyzoides, 14 parts of macleaya cordata, 95 parts of food wastes, 12 parts of sweet clover, 10 parts of ailanthus, 5 parts of radix stemonae, 13 parts of garden balsam stems, 45 parts of oats and 40 parts of bean pulp. The organic fertilizer B is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of fermentation powder, 13 parts of aurora, 15 parts of alfalfa, 25 parts of sophora alopecuroides, 30 parts of purple clouds, 12 parts of lotus seed grass, 60 parts of farmyard manure, 10 parts of green tea residue and 50 parts of biogas slurry; wherein, the golden aster, the alfalfa, the sophora alopecuroides, the astragalus sinicus and the lotus seed grass are all whole plants; firstly, cutting off the golden aster, the alfalfa, the sophora alopecuroides, the astragalus sinicus and the lotus seed grass, uniformly stirring and mixing the cut-off materials with the farmyard manure and the biogas slurry, adding the green tea leaves, standing for 12-24h, then adding the fermentation powder, fully mixing and uniformly stirring, then stacking a fertilizer pile in a fertilizer piling bin, standing for fermentation, and decomposing to obtain the plant green manure. And (3) turning and mixing when the central temperature of the pile body exceeds 50 ℃, and continuously turning and mixing for 35-40 days by taking the temperature not to exceed 60 ℃ as a standard. The microbial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of organic fertilizer and 10 parts of auxiliary material powder, and additionally, strains accounting for 10% of the total weight of the organic fertilizer and the auxiliary material, and xanthan gum accounting for 1% of the total weight of the organic fertilizer and the auxiliary material, wherein the strains consist of bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus acidophilus, klebsiella, bacillus mucilaginosus, paenibacillus megaterium, bacillus circulans, bacillus cereus and azotobacter chroococcum, and the mass ratio of various bacteria is 1.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the essential features and advantages of the invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited by the foregoing embodiments, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but is capable of numerous changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A method for relieving the continuous cropping planting problem of peony is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, soil treatment:
(1) after 9-10 months, thoroughly cleaning the original peony residues in the soil after cleaning the seedlings of the peony fields;
(2) in late 11 months, deeply ploughing the land for more than 35cm, keeping the ploughed original state, not leveling, and ploughing the deep soil on the surface layer;
(3) leveling the land in 3-7 months in the next year, planting green manure, returning the green manure to the field, and improving the soil structure;
(4) at the bottom of 7 months to the beginning of 8 months, the green manure is stubble-cleaned, deep ploughing is combined, then the film of the clean land is covered, and high-temperature sterilization and disinfection are carried out in summer;
step two, applying base fertilizer and insecticide
In the late 8 th to the last 9 th of month, 1500 kg/mu of fully decomposed farmyard organic fertilizer and 300 kg/mu of microbial fertilizer are commonly applied as base fertilizers, 15kg of carbofuran is applied per mu at the same time, deep ploughing and fine harrowing are carried out, and the plants are leveled to be planted;
step three, selecting requirements of newly planted seedlings: the grafting seedling is mainly grafted by the peony root; 3-5 branches are required for each seedling, the root system is rich, and no plant diseases and insect pests exist;
step four, planting requirements: planting peony in late 9-10 middle of the month, preparing a mixed solution of 700 times of thiophanate methyl and 800 times of methyl isoxathion emulsifiable concentrate, and soaking the root of the peony in the mixed solution for 20 minutes; during planting, the root is hung with slurry containing the mixed liquid of rooting powder and bactericide;
step five, managing after planting:
soil loosening and weeding: weeding is carried out regularly in the peony growing season; deeply turning over the rows of the peony by 30cm before winter;
fertilizing and watering: in the beginning of 3 months, according to the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 2: 1: 1, fertilizing 10-15kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per mu, and fertilizing 50-75kg of compound fertilizer in the last ten days of 11 months; in 5-6 months, 0.2% -0.5% monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on the leaf surface once every half month, and fertilization is carried out in combination with watering;
(3) and (3) pest control: after the flowering phase, spraying a leaf surface protective agent once every half month; spraying mixed solution of chlorothalonil and wettable daphniphyllum powder once every 10 days for 6-7 months; in 9-10 months, 10kg carbofuran is applied in each mu in combination with hoeing.
2. The method for alleviating the problem of continuous cropping of peony of claim 1, wherein: the organic fertilizer in the second step is prepared from the following components in parts by weight of 1: 1, wherein the organic fertilizer A consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of bean stalks, 10-18 parts of pokeberry roots, 12-20 parts of sweet potato leaves, 20-30 parts of pyrethrum, 8-15 parts of tripterygium wilfordii, 7-12 parts of ageratum conyzoides, 10-14 parts of macleaya cordata, 80-100 parts of food wastes, 12-20 parts of sweet cloves, 5-10 parts of ailanthus, 5-10 parts of radix stemonae, 11-18 parts of garden balsam stems, 30-45 parts of oats and 40-55 parts of bean pulp; the organic fertilizer B is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of fermentation powder, 10-13 parts of aurora, 10-20 parts of alfalfa, 17-35 parts of sophora alopecuroides, 20-45 parts of astragalus sinicus, 12-20 parts of alligator alternanthera, 45-60 parts of farmyard manure, 10-16 parts of green tea leaves and 50-65 parts of biogas slurry; wherein, the golden aster, the alfalfa, the sophora alopecuroides, the astragalus sinicus and the lotus seed grass are all whole plants.
3. The method for alleviating the problem of continuous cropping of peony according to claim 2, wherein: the preparation method of the organic fertilizer B comprises the following steps: firstly, cutting off golden aster, alfalfa, sophora alopecuroides, milk vetch and lotus seeds, stirring and mixing with farmyard manure and biogas slurry uniformly, adding green tea leaves, standing for 12-24h, adding fermentation powder, fully mixing and stirring uniformly, then stacking a fertilizer pile in a fertilizer piling bin, standing for fermentation, and decomposing to obtain plant green fertilizer; and (3) turning and mixing when the temperature of the center of the pile body exceeds 50 ℃, continuously turning and mixing by taking the temperature not to exceed 60 ℃ as a standard, and decomposing for 35-40 days to obtain the organic fertilizer B.
4. The method for alleviating the problem of continuous cropping of peony of claim 1, wherein: the microbial fertilizer in the second step is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-90 parts of organic fertilizer and 10-35 parts of auxiliary material powder, and additionally, 5-10% of strains and 0.5-1% of xanthan gum, wherein the strains are composed of bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus acidophilus, klebsiella, bacillus mucilaginosus, paenibacillus megaterium, bacillus circulans, bacillus cereus and azotobacter chroococcum, and the mass ratio of the various bacteria is 1.
5. The method for alleviating the problem of continuous cropping of peony according to claim 4, wherein: the preparation method of the microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing at least three of vegetables, fish and shrimp, livestock and poultry leftovers, livestock and poultry manure and shells according to the weight ratio of 1 to prepare an organic fertilizer; mixing plant ash, humic acid and wood dust in a weight ratio of 1 to prepare an auxiliary material; according to the proportion, uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer, the auxiliary materials, the strains and the xanthan gum, adjusting the pH to 7-8 by using quick lime, stacking in an environment of 20-25 ℃, continuously turning and mixing under the standard that the temperature is kept to be not more than 60 ℃, finishing fermentation when a proper amount of white hypha is fully distributed, processing and granulating to obtain the microbial fertilizer.
6. The method for alleviating the problem of continuous cropping of peony of claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, garden soil, plant ash and water are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1: 1: 3, mixing the raw materials into a mixture, and adding 8-12 wt% of carbendazim solution and rooting powder into the mixture to form slurry; wherein the mass concentration of the carbendazim solution is 0.6-0.8 per mill, and the mass ratio of the carbendazim solution to the rooting powder is 1: 1.
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