CN109618598B - The method of repeated replanting of the main stem of the original seedling of healthy sugarcane seedlings to prolong the harvest period of sugarcane - Google Patents
The method of repeated replanting of the main stem of the original seedling of healthy sugarcane seedlings to prolong the harvest period of sugarcane Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种甘蔗健康种苗原苗主茎重复补种延长甘蔗收获年限的方法，该方法是将茎尖脱毒培育出来的甘蔗健康种苗经过假植炼苗后移栽到12月份采收的宿根甘蔗地或次年2月份新植的甘蔗地进行补种，待甘蔗健康种苗原苗90%发生分蘖时，剪下主茎扦插移栽到1‑2月份采收的宿根甘蔗地或3月份新植的甘蔗地进行补种，待第一次扦插茎100%发生分蘖时，再剪下扦插茎长出的主茎扦插移栽到3‑4月份采收的宿根甘蔗地或4‑5月份新植的甘蔗地进行补种。使用本发明的方法，不仅可以节约蔗种、降低甘蔗健康种苗用于补种的蔗种成本、缩短生产周期，也可以解决因甘蔗新植期和收获期延长造成甘蔗地无合适的蔗种补种的问题，延长了甘蔗的收获年限。
The invention discloses a method for repeatedly replanting the main stem of the original seedlings of healthy sugarcane seedlings to extend the harvest life of sugarcane. The harvested ratoon sugarcane field or the sugarcane field newly planted in February of the following year shall be replanted. When 90% of the original healthy sugarcane seedlings are tillered, the main stem cuttings shall be cut and transplanted to the ratoon sugarcane harvested in January-February. Replant the ground or the newly planted sugarcane field in March. When 100% of the cutting stems are tillered for the first time, cut off the main stem cuttings grown from the cuttings and transplant them to the perennial sugarcane field or harvested in March-April. Replant the newly planted sugarcane fields in April-May. Using the method of the present invention can not only save sugarcane seeds, reduce the cost of sugarcane seeds for replanting of healthy sugarcane seedlings, shorten the production cycle, but also solve the problem that there is no suitable sugarcane seeds in sugarcane fields due to the extension of the new planting period and harvest period of sugarcane. The problem of replanting prolongs the harvest period of sugarcane.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant breeding and planting, in particular to a method for prolonging the harvest time of sugarcane by repeatedly reseeding the main stem of the original seedling of the healthy sugarcane seedling.
Background
Sucrose is the main body of sugar consumption in China and accounts for more than 90 percent of sugar consumption. Guangxi and Yunnan are the biggest sugar cane production bases in China, the planting area and the yield of the sugar cane production bases account for more than 80% of the area and the yield of the sugar cane in China, and the sugar industry is also an important support industry in two provinces (regions) and an important channel for income of farmers. In recent years, due to the influence of various factors such as poor production conditions, lag in the research and development of improved varieties, single variety, slow popularization of improved varieties, high labor cost increase, unreasonable breeding and planting management, price fluctuation at home and abroad and the like, the planting benefit of the sugar cane is reduced, the market competitiveness is reduced, and the development of sugar industry and the income increase of cane farmers are influenced.
After the sugarcane is harvested in the last year, buds of the sugarcane roots left in the soil of the sugarcane field sprout and emerge out of the soil under proper environmental conditions (mainly temperature and humidity), and then grow into sugarcane plants, which are called perennial root sugarcane. The perennial root of Australia, America, Brazil and the like is about 4 years, the perennial root of south Africa and Mauritius is 4-6 years, the perennial root of Guba is 1-11 years, and the perennial limit of some countries reaches more than twenty years. However, the perennial root years of sugarcane in China are low, generally 2-3 years, the yield of perennial root sugarcane is obviously reduced by 3 years, and the perennial root sugarcane proportion and the perennial root years of China are still low compared with that of foreign countries. The reason for the low perennial root age of the sugarcane in China is mainly that the innovation of the perennial root cultivation management technology is not enough. The perennial sugarcane generally accounts for about 70% of the area of the seed sugarcane, and the growth quality of the perennial sugarcane directly influences the total yield of the sugarcane in the next year. If the perennial root sugarcane is not managed well, the seedlings and ridges in the field are more, and diseases and insect pests are easy to breed, so that the yield of the perennial root sugarcane is reduced. When a sugarcane farmer plants conventional newly-planted sugarcane, due to the reasons of dry weather, no seed selection, poor sugarcane seed quality and the like, the phenomenon of seedling shortage often occurs, so that the basic seedlings are insufficient and uneven, or due to the limitation of geographical conditions, climate conditions and the like, the seedling shortage and ridge breaking in the field are more; or when the perennial root cultivation management is carried out, no plantlet suitable for reseeding exists, no shortage and reseeding is carried out, and the phenomena of seedling shortage and ridge breaking of the perennial root sugarcane occur; the conventional new planting, seedling shortage, ridge breaking and improper management of the perennial roots can seriously affect the yield of the perennial roots and shorten the years of the perennial roots. After the sugarcane stems are harvested, new seedlings suitable for reseeding are quickly cultivated, then the seedlings are reseeded in the places where seedlings are newly planted conventionally and are short of the perennial root land, scientific management is carried out, and the method is the most effective method for improving the yield of the newly planted sugarcane and the perennial root sugarcane and prolonging the perennial root age.
The healthy sugarcane seedlings have the advantages of high growth speed, strong tillering capability, high stem forming rate, high yield, small seed consumption and the like, can accelerate the rapid propagation of improved sugarcane seeds, solve the problem that the sugarcane consumes a large amount of raw sugarcane due to large seed consumption, simultaneously enable the seed supply not to be limited by time and temperature, replant the newly planted sugarcane field and the perennial root sugarcane field by using the healthy sugarcane seedlings, not only can solve the problem that the newly planted sugarcane field and the perennial root sugarcane field are seriously lack of seedlings due to the fact that the sugarcane seedlings which are not properly replanted are not available, but also can prolong the perennial root age. Due to the influence of labor force and the daily squeezing capacity of a sugar factory, the cutting time and the harvesting time of different main production areas of sugarcane in China are different from 12 months in the same year to 4 months in the next year, and the time span is large. The overlapping time of planting and harvesting of newly planted sugarcane in China is long, the newly planted sugarcane is affected by labor force and cutting and harvesting time (sugarcane fields needing to be turned must be cut and harvested after being finished, and the span during cutting is long), the newly planted sugarcane is planted in 1-5 months every year, and the newly planted sugarcane is affected by weather, mechanical planting, sugarcane seed quality and the like, so that broken ridges and seedlings are often absent, and the yield of the newly planted sugarcane is seriously affected. If the conventional seed stems are used for reseeding and seedling emergence for too long time, the reseeding seedlings are shaded due to growth lag, the uniformity of the sugarcane is influenced, and even the later seedling emergence is withered. In the past, the production cost of the original seedlings of the healthy sugarcane seedlings cultured by the stem tip detoxification tissues is very high (1 yuan/plant), the original seedlings are only applied to transplanting and breeding sugarcane seeds in a field, if the healthy sugarcane seedlings are used for replanting sugarcane fields, the healthy sugarcane seedlings need to be cultivated in stages, and the cultivation cost is higher. Therefore, how to reduce the cultivation cost of the healthy sugarcane seedlings and promote the rapid breeding of the healthy sugarcane seedlings is the key for realizing the seedling supplement of the healthy sugarcane seedlings to sugarcane fields.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a method for prolonging the harvesting life of sugarcane by repeatedly reseeding the main stems of the original seedlings of the healthy sugarcane seedlings, which can save sugarcane seeds, reduce the cost of the sugarcane seeds for reseeding the healthy sugarcane seedlings and shorten the production period, and can solve the problem that the sugarcane field is not suitable for reseeding due to the fact that the new planting period and the harvesting period of the sugarcane are prolonged, thereby prolonging the harvesting life of the sugarcane.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for prolonging the harvest life of the sugarcane by repeatedly reseeding the main stem of the healthy sugarcane seedling comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivating sugarcane tissue culture seedlings by tissue culture by utilizing sugarcane virus-free stem tips, transplanting the tissue culture seedlings after rooting cultivation into seedling culture cups filled with seedling culture matrixes, building a small arched shed above the seedlings after the tissue culture seedlings are arranged in order to perform temporary planting and hardening, controlling the volume water content of the seedling culture matrixes to be 25-30% during hardening, hardening till 7-10 main leaves grow out from the seedlings and obvious joints are seen from the base parts, and obtaining the sugarcane healthy seedling original seedlings capable of being used for reseeding.
(2) When newly planted sugarcane seedlings in 2 months or perennial root sugarcane root seedlings harvested in 12 months just grow 3-5 true leaves, digging pits at the positions where the newly planted sugarcane lands are short of seedlings or the perennial root sugarcane lands are short of roots by using a small hoe according to the seedling shortage distance, keeping the distance between the two sugarcanes at 30-40cm, firstly spreading lime powder into the pits for 20-30g per pit, then transplanting the healthy sugarcane seedlings with nutrient soil into the pits for seedling supplement, and finally pouring enough root fixing water.
(3) And (3) when 90% of the original seedlings of the healthy sugarcane seedlings for reseeding in the step (2) are tillered, shearing down the main stems, shearing off partial leaf tips of the main stems to leave 2-3cm of leaves, removing the dried leaves, soaking the main stems in the seed soaking liquid for 2-4 minutes, taking out the surface moisture of the dried leaves, and transplanting the main stems to a sugarcane field for reseeding.
(4) When newly planted sugarcane seedlings in 3 months or perennial root sugarcane root seedlings harvested in 1-2 months just grow 2-3 true leaves, digging a pit at the position where the newly planted sugarcane field lacks seedlings or the perennial root sugarcane field lacks roots according to the seedling-lacking distance by using a small hoe, keeping the distance between the two sugarcanes at 30-40cm, obliquely inserting the cut stem into the pit, covering soil, wherein the oblique insertion depth is 7-10cm, the ground is 8-15cm long, and the upper part of the stem is vertically obliquely arranged with the furrow and forms an angle of 60-70 degrees with the ground. And carrying out drip irrigation on the original field sugarcane seedlings and the newly replanting main stems through a drip irrigation tape until the soil layer is 3-8cm wet.
(5) And (3) when 100% of the cutting stems in the step (4) are tillered, shearing main stems growing out from the cutting stems, shearing partial leaf tips of the main stems to leave 2-3cm of leaf blades, removing the dried leaf blades, soaking the main stems in a seed soaking solution for 2-4 minutes, taking out the surface moisture of the dried leaves, and transplanting the main stems to a sugarcane field for reseeding.
(6) When newly planted sugarcane seedlings in 4-5 months or perennial root sugarcane root seedlings harvested in 3-4 months just grow 2-3 true leaves, digging a pit at the position where the newly planted sugarcane field lacks seedlings or the perennial root sugarcane field lacks roots by using a small hoe according to the distance of the seedlings lacking, keeping the distance between the two sugarcanes at 30-40cm, obliquely inserting the cut stem into the pit, covering soil, wherein the oblique insertion depth is 5-7cm, the length of the ground is 6-10cm, and the upper part of the stem is vertically obliquely arranged with the furrow and forms an angle of 60-70 degrees with the ground. And carrying out drip irrigation on the original field sugarcane seedlings and the newly replanting main stems through a drip irrigation tape until the soil layer is 3-8cm wet.
(7) Original seedlings of the healthy sugarcane seedlings and first-time cutting stem seedlings are cut off main stems and transplanted, and tillering seedlings are remained to continue growing. Fertilizing the reseeded sugarcane field in combination with drip irrigation, and applying 2-3kg of urea per mu; dressing urea when the sugarcane seedlings grow to 4-6 true leaves, applying 4-5kg of urea per mu, and then hilling for 2-3 cm; when the sugarcane seedlings grow to the initial stage of elongation, 15-25 kg of urea and 6-12kg of potash fertilizer are applied in combination with intertillage ridging, and ridging and fertilization are completed at one time by using an intertillage fertilization ridging machine.
The seedling culture medium in the step (1) is prepared by mixing carbonized corn straws, bagasse, peat soil and sugarcane filter mud in a weight ratio of 3: 2.5: 2: 1 and then sterilizing by 0.5% carbendazim.
The seed soaking liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18-22 parts of 50% benomyl powder, 5-6 parts of 30% acute suspending agent, 90-110 parts of Kangpuienduo, 18-22 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and 9500 parts of water and 10500 parts.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method is characterized in that healthy sugarcane seedlings cultured by stem tip detoxification are transplanted to a perennial root sugarcane field harvested in 12 months or a newly planted sugarcane field in the next 2 months for reseeding after temporary planting and seedling hardening, when 90% of original seedlings of healthy sugarcane seedlings tillere, main stems are cut off and transplanted to the perennial root sugarcane field harvested in 1-2 months or the newly planted sugarcane field in 3 months for reseeding, and when 100% of original stems of first cutting tillere, main stems grown out by cutting stems are cut off and transplanted to the perennial root sugarcane field harvested in 3-4 months or the newly planted sugarcane field in 4-5 months for reseeding. The healthy sugarcane seedling original seedlings cultured by tissue culture have the advantages of high growth speed, strong tillering capacity, high stem forming rate, high yield, small seed consumption and the like, can be applied to a newly planted sugarcane field or a perennial root sugarcane field for seedling supplement, can solve the problem of serious seedling shortage caused by the fact that the sugarcane seedlings are not properly replanted in the newly planted sugarcane field and the perennial root sugarcane field, can rapidly tillere after being transplanted, can rapidly grow the grown tillered seedlings, catch up with the original sugarcane seedlings in the field, cannot be shaded, are consistent in uniformity, can harvest sugarcane simultaneously after being replanted, can enhance the stress resistance of sugarcane plants, and prolong the perennial root limit. The sugarcane tissue culture seedlings are firstly transplanted into a seedling culture cup and temporarily planted and hardened through building a small arched shed, so that the tissue culture seedlings have good adaptability to the environment and high survival rate after being transplanted into a field.
2. The invention uses the original seedlings of the healthy sugarcane seedlings for repeatedly shearing the main stems of the sugarcane seedlings grown after reseeding for cuttage and transplantation, is used for reseeding in a sugarcane field newly planted at the later stage or a perennial root sugarcane field after the sugarcane stems are newly harvested, has high sprouting speed of the main stems planted at the positions lacking the seedlings or the roots, has earlier time for seedling emergence compared with the conventional reseeding by using seed stems, has high growth speed and little difference in later growth vigor, ensures that the reseeding seedlings and the original seedlings are tidy and consistent, has no shade phenomenon and has high survival rate of the sugarcane seedlings. The harvest period of the sugarcane in China generally varies from 12 months in the current year to 4 months in the next year, the time span is large, the planting time of the newly planted sugarcane is also different from 1 to 5 months every year, and the time span is also large. The sugarcane healthy seedling stock can be used for reseeding perennial root sugarcane fields after sugarcane stalks are harvested in 12 months of the year or reseeding sugarcane newly planted in 2 months of the next year, when 90% of the sugarcane healthy seedling stock is tillered, main stems are cut off and transplanted to the perennial root sugarcane fields harvested in 1-2 months or the newly planted sugarcane fields planted in 3 months for reseeding, and when 100% of the first cutting stems are tillered, main stems grown out by cutting off again are transplanted to the perennial root sugarcane fields harvested in 3-4 months or the newly planted sugarcane fields planted in 4-5 months for reseeding. That is, only 1 time of cultivating the healthy sugarcane seedlings can provide healthy sugarcane seeds for the perennial root sugarcane field or the newly planted sugarcane field after the sugarcane stems are harvested in batches every year, so that the times of cultivating the healthy sugarcane seedlings are reduced, and the cultivation cost is saved. The original seedlings of the healthy sugarcane seedlings and the tillering seedlings left after the stem seedlings are cut off for the first time do not have the phenomenon that the main stems rush to absorb and grow the nutrition of the tillering seedlings, the growth vigor is good, the number of effective stems is large, and the healthy sugarcane seedlings and other sugarcanes in a sugarcane field can be harvested together at the same period. The main stem obtained after the original seedlings of the healthy sugarcane seedlings obtained by the stem tip detoxification tissue culture method are transplanted is less in virus, the sugarcane seedlings cultured after cuttage also belong to healthy seedlings, the main stem is cut again and then cuttage transplanting planting is carried out, the grown sugarcane seedlings are still good in property, the virus content is lower, and the breeding performance is good. According to the method, the market price of the current healthy seedling is 1 yuan per plant, and after the main stem is repeatedly transplanted and reseeded by the method, the actual cost is 0.35-0.4 yuan per plant, so that the cost for reseeding the healthy seedling is greatly saved.
3. When main stems are transplanted, after a small hoe is used for digging a pit, the cut main stems are inserted obliquely for reseeding; the oblique insertion can avoid the influence of the lower end of the main stem on germination due to too deep penetration, and the lower end of the main stem is just proper at an angle of 60-70 degrees with the ground, so that the problems of short main stem when being buried completely or low germination rate are avoided, and the influence on the germination of the lower end of the main stem is avoided; the upper part of the main stem is vertically and obliquely arranged with the row ditch, so that the phenomena of seedling pressing and shading between two sugarcane plants can be avoided, no photosynthetic competition exists between the sugarcane plants, and the photosynthesis effect is good.
4. In the invention, the cut main stems of the sugarcane are transplanted after seed soaking, the germination rate of the sugarcane reaches more than 95 percent after seed soaking, the germination rate is improved by 19 percent compared with the germination rate of the conventional seed soaking disinfectant, the tillering rate is improved by 77 percent, the insect prevention effect is obvious, and the pests such as scarab, stem borer, thrips and the like which harm the seedling stage of the sugarcane can be effectively prevented and treated; the plant height in the seedling stage is 14.6 cm higher than that of the plants subjected to conventional disinfection treatment, the yield is increased by 14%, the sugar yield is increased by 16%, and the yield and sugar increasing effect is obvious.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a picture of reseeding a sugarcane health seedling stock for a 2 month newly planted sugarcane field;
FIG. 2 is a picture of reseeding sugarcane health seedling stock for a perennial root sugarcane field harvested in 12 months;
FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the cut stem used for reseeding in a newly planted sugarcane field;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of the cut stem used for the reseeding of perennial root sugarcane fields.
Detailed Description
In order to describe the present invention in more detail, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
The method for prolonging the harvest life of the sugarcane by repeatedly reseeding the main stem of the healthy sugarcane seedling comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivating sugarcane tissue culture seedlings by tissue culture by utilizing sugarcane virus-free stem tips, transplanting the tissue culture seedlings after rooting cultivation into seedling culture cups filled with seedling culture matrixes, building a small arched shed above the seedlings after the tissue culture seedlings are arranged in order to perform temporary planting and hardening, controlling the volume water content of the seedling culture matrixes to be 25-30% during hardening, hardening till 7-10 main leaves grow out from the seedlings and obvious joints are seen from the base parts, and obtaining the sugarcane healthy seedling original seedlings capable of being used for reseeding.
(2) When newly planted sugarcane seedlings in 2 months or perennial root sugarcane root seedlings harvested in 12 months just grow 3-5 true leaves, digging pits at the positions where the newly planted sugarcane lands are short of seedlings or the perennial root sugarcane lands are short of roots by using a small hoe according to the seedling shortage distance, keeping the distance between the two sugarcanes at 30-40cm, firstly spreading lime powder into the pits, planting 25g of each pit in a transplanting manner, transplanting the sugarcane healthy seedling stock seedlings with nutrient soil into the pits for seedling supplement after the leaves of the sugarcane healthy seedling stock seedlings are pruned, and finally watering sufficient rooting water.
(3) And (3) when 90% of the original seedlings of the healthy sugarcane seedlings for reseeding in the step (2) are tillered, shearing down the main stems, shearing off partial leaf tips of the main stems to leave 2-3cm of leaves, removing the dried leaves, soaking the main stems in the seed soaking liquid for 3 minutes, taking out the surface moisture of the dried leaves, and transplanting the main stems to a sugarcane field for reseeding.
(4) When newly planted sugarcane seedlings in 3 months or perennial root sugarcane root seedlings harvested in 1-2 months just grow 2-3 true leaves, digging a pit at the position where the newly planted sugarcane field lacks seedlings or the perennial root sugarcane field lacks roots according to the seedling-lacking distance by using a small hoe, keeping the distance between the two sugarcanes at 30-40cm, obliquely inserting the cut stem into the pit, covering soil, wherein the oblique insertion depth is 7-10cm, the ground is 8-15cm long, and the upper part of the stem is vertically obliquely arranged with the furrow and forms an angle of 60-70 degrees with the ground. And carrying out drip irrigation on the original field sugarcane seedlings and the newly replanting main stems through a drip irrigation tape until the soil layer is 3-8cm wet.
(5) And (3) when 100% of the cutting stems in the step (4) are tillered, shearing main stems growing out from the cutting stems, shearing partial leaf tips of the main stems to leave 2-3cm leaves, removing the dried leaves, soaking the main stems in a seed soaking solution for 3 minutes, taking out the surface moisture of the dried leaves, and transplanting the main stems to a sugarcane field for reseeding.
(6) When newly planted sugarcane seedlings in 4-5 months or perennial root sugarcane root seedlings harvested in 3-4 months just grow 2-3 true leaves, digging a pit at the position where the newly planted sugarcane field lacks seedlings or the perennial root sugarcane field lacks roots by using a small hoe according to the distance of the seedlings lacking, keeping the distance between the two sugarcanes at 30-40cm, obliquely inserting the cut stem into the pit, covering soil, wherein the oblique insertion depth is 5-7cm, the length of the ground is 6-10cm, and the upper part of the stem is vertically obliquely arranged with the furrow and forms an angle of 60-70 degrees with the ground. And carrying out drip irrigation on the original field sugarcane seedlings and the newly replanting main stems through a drip irrigation tape until the soil layer is 3-8cm wet.
(7) Original seedlings of the healthy sugarcane seedlings and first-time cutting stem seedlings are cut off main stems and transplanted, and tillering seedlings are remained to continue growing. Fertilizing the reseeded sugarcane field in combination with drip irrigation, and applying 2.5kg of urea per mu; dressing urea when tillering seedlings grow to 4-6 true leaves, applying 4.5kg of urea per mu, and then earthing up for 2-3 cm; when tillering seedlings grow to the initial stage of extension, 20 kg of urea and 8kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu in combination with intertillage ridging, and ridging and fertilization are completed at one time by using an intertillage fertilization ridging machine.
The seedling culture medium in the step (1) is prepared by mixing carbonized corn straws, bagasse, peat soil and sugarcane filter mud in a weight ratio of 3: 2.5: 2: 1 and then sterilizing by 0.5% carbendazim.
The seed soaking liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of 50% benomyl powder, 5.5 parts of 30% acute suspending agent, 100 parts of Kangpuen duoduo, 20 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and 10000 parts of water.
Example 2
The method for prolonging the harvest life of the sugarcane by repeatedly reseeding the main stem of the healthy sugarcane seedling comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivating sugarcane tissue culture seedlings by tissue culture by utilizing sugarcane virus-free stem tips, transplanting the tissue culture seedlings after rooting cultivation into seedling culture cups filled with seedling culture matrixes, building a small arched shed above the seedlings after the tissue culture seedlings are arranged in order to perform temporary planting and hardening, controlling the volume water content of the seedling culture matrixes to be 25-30% during hardening, hardening till 7-10 main leaves grow out from the seedlings and obvious joints are seen from the base parts, and obtaining the sugarcane healthy seedling original seedlings capable of being used for reseeding.
(2) When newly planted sugarcane seedlings in 2 months or perennial root sugarcane root seedlings harvested in 12 months just grow 3-5 true leaves, digging pits at the positions where the newly planted sugarcane lands are short of seedlings or the perennial root sugarcane lands are short of roots by using a small hoe according to the seedling shortage distance, keeping the distance between the two sugarcanes at 30-40cm, firstly spreading lime powder into the pits, planting 20g of each pit, transplanting the original seedlings of the healthy sugarcane seedlings into the pits with nutrient soil for seedling supplement after trimming the leaves of the original seedlings of the healthy sugarcane seedlings, and finally watering sufficient root fixing water.
(3) And (3) when 90% of the original seedlings of the healthy sugarcane seedlings for reseeding in the step (2) are tillered, shearing down the main stems, shearing off partial leaf tips of the main stems to leave 2-3cm of leaves, removing the dried leaves, soaking the main stems in the seed soaking liquid for 2 minutes, taking out the surface moisture of the dried leaves, and transplanting the main stems to a sugarcane field for reseeding.
(4) When newly planted sugarcane seedlings in 3 months or perennial root sugarcane root seedlings harvested in 1-2 months just grow 2-3 true leaves, digging a pit at the position where the newly planted sugarcane field lacks seedlings or the perennial root sugarcane field lacks roots according to the seedling-lacking distance by using a small hoe, keeping the distance between the two sugarcanes at 30-40cm, obliquely inserting the cut stem into the pit, covering soil, wherein the oblique insertion depth is 7-10cm, the ground is 8-15cm long, and the upper part of the stem is vertically obliquely arranged with the furrow and forms an angle of 60-70 degrees with the ground. And carrying out drip irrigation on the original field sugarcane seedlings and the newly replanting main stems through a drip irrigation tape until the soil layer is 3-8cm wet.
(5) And (3) when 100% of the cutting stems in the step (4) are tillered, shearing main stems growing out from the cutting stems, shearing partial leaf tips of the main stems to leave 2-3cm leaves, removing the dried leaves, soaking the main stems in a seed soaking solution for 2 minutes, taking out the surface moisture of the dried leaves, and transplanting the main stems to a sugarcane field for reseeding.
(6) When newly planted sugarcane seedlings in 4-5 months or perennial root sugarcane root seedlings harvested in 3-4 months just grow 2-3 true leaves, digging a pit at the position where the newly planted sugarcane field lacks seedlings or the perennial root sugarcane field lacks roots by using a small hoe according to the distance of the seedlings lacking, keeping the distance between the two sugarcanes at 30-40cm, obliquely inserting the cut stem into the pit, covering soil, wherein the oblique insertion depth is 5-7cm, the length of the ground is 6-10cm, and the upper part of the stem is vertically obliquely arranged with the furrow and forms an angle of 60-70 degrees with the ground. And carrying out drip irrigation on the original field sugarcane seedlings and the newly replanting main stems through a drip irrigation tape until the soil layer is 3-8cm wet.
(7) Original seedlings of the healthy sugarcane seedlings and first-time cutting stem seedlings are cut off main stems and transplanted, and tillering seedlings are remained to continue growing. Fertilizing the reseeded sugarcane field in combination with drip irrigation, and applying 3kg of urea per mu; dressing urea when tillering seedlings grow to 4-6 true leaves, applying 4kg of urea per mu, and then hilling for 2-3 cm; when tillering seedlings grow to the initial stage of extension, 25 kg of urea and 6kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu in combination with intertillage ridging, and ridging and fertilization are completed at one time by using an intertillage fertilization ridging machine.
The seedling culture medium in the step (1) is prepared by mixing carbonized corn straws, bagasse, peat soil and sugarcane filter mud in a weight ratio of 3: 2.5: 2: 1 and then sterilizing by 0.5% carbendazim.
The seed soaking liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts of 50% benomyl powder, 6 parts of 30% acute suspension, 110 parts of Kangpuen duoduo, 22 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and 10500 parts of water.
Example 3
The method for prolonging the harvest life of the sugarcane by repeatedly reseeding the main stem of the healthy sugarcane seedling comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivating sugarcane tissue culture seedlings by tissue culture by utilizing sugarcane virus-free stem tips, transplanting the tissue culture seedlings after rooting cultivation into seedling culture cups filled with seedling culture matrixes, building a small arched shed above the seedlings after the tissue culture seedlings are arranged in order to perform temporary planting and hardening, controlling the volume water content of the seedling culture matrixes to be 25-30% during hardening, hardening till 7-10 main leaves grow out from the seedlings and obvious joints are seen from the base parts, and obtaining the sugarcane healthy seedling original seedlings capable of being used for reseeding.
(2) When newly planted sugarcane seedlings in 2 months or perennial root sugarcane root seedlings harvested in 12 months just grow 3-5 true leaves, digging pits at the positions where the newly planted sugarcane lands are short of seedlings or the perennial root sugarcane lands are short of roots by using a small hoe according to the seedling shortage distance, keeping the distance between the two sugarcanes at 30-40cm, firstly spreading lime powder into the pits, planting 30g of each pit, transplanting the original sugarcane healthy seedling seedlings with nutrient soil into the pits for seedling supplement after trimming the leaves of the original sugarcane healthy seedling, and finally watering sufficient root fixing water.
(3) And (3) when 90% of the original seedlings of the healthy sugarcane seedlings for reseeding in the step (2) are tillered, shearing down the main stems, shearing off partial leaf tips of the main stems to leave 2-3cm of leaves, removing the dried leaves, soaking the main stems in the seed soaking liquid for 4 minutes, taking out the surface moisture of the dried leaves, and transplanting the main stems to a sugarcane field for reseeding.
(4) When newly planted sugarcane seedlings in 3 months or perennial root sugarcane root seedlings harvested in 1-2 months just grow 2-3 true leaves, digging a pit at the position where the newly planted sugarcane field lacks seedlings or the perennial root sugarcane field lacks roots according to the seedling-lacking distance by using a small hoe, keeping the distance between the two sugarcanes at 30-40cm, obliquely inserting the cut stem into the pit, covering soil, wherein the oblique insertion depth is 7-10cm, the ground is 8-15cm long, and the upper part of the stem is vertically obliquely arranged with the furrow and forms an angle of 60-70 degrees with the ground. And carrying out drip irrigation on the original field sugarcane seedlings and the newly replanting main stems through a drip irrigation tape until the soil layer is 3-8cm wet.
(5) And (3) when 100% of the cutting stems in the step (4) are tillered, shearing main stems growing out from the cutting stems, shearing partial leaf tips of the main stems to leave 2-3cm leaves, removing the dried leaves, soaking the main stems in a seed soaking solution for 4 minutes, taking out the surface moisture of the dried leaves, and transplanting the main stems to a sugarcane field for reseeding.
(6) When newly planted sugarcane seedlings in 4-5 months or perennial root sugarcane root seedlings harvested in 3-4 months just grow 2-3 true leaves, digging a pit at the position where the newly planted sugarcane field lacks seedlings or the perennial root sugarcane field lacks roots by using a small hoe according to the distance of the seedlings lacking, keeping the distance between the two sugarcanes at 30-40cm, obliquely inserting the cut stem into the pit, covering soil, wherein the oblique insertion depth is 5-7cm, the length of the ground is 6-10cm, and the upper part of the stem is vertically obliquely arranged with the furrow and forms an angle of 60-70 degrees with the ground. And carrying out drip irrigation on the original field sugarcane seedlings and the newly replanting main stems through a drip irrigation tape until the soil layer is 3-8cm wet.
(7) Original seedlings of the healthy sugarcane seedlings and first-time cutting stem seedlings are cut off main stems and transplanted, and tillering seedlings are remained to continue growing. Fertilizing the reseeded sugarcane field in combination with drip irrigation, and applying 2kg of urea per mu; dressing urea when tillering seedlings grow to 4-6 true leaves, applying 5kg of urea per mu, and then hilling for 2-3 cm; when tillering seedlings grow to the initial stage of extension, 15kg of urea and 12kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu in combination with intertillage ridging, and ridging and fertilization are completed at one time by using an intertillage fertilization ridging machine.
The seedling culture medium in the step (1) is prepared by mixing carbonized corn straws, bagasse, peat soil and sugarcane filter mud in a weight ratio of 3: 2.5: 2: 1 and then sterilizing by 0.5% carbendazim.
The seed soaking liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of 50% benomyl powder, 5 parts of 30% acute suspending agent, 90 parts of Kangpuen root, 18 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and 9500 parts of water.
Claims (3)
1. A method for prolonging the harvest time of sugarcane by repeatedly reseeding the main stem of the original seedling of the healthy sugarcane seedling, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) cultivating sugarcane tissue culture seedlings by tissue culture by utilizing sugarcane virus-free stem tips, transplanting the tissue culture seedlings subjected to rooting cultivation into seedling cultivation cups filled with seedling cultivation matrixes, building a small arched shed above the seedlings after the tissue culture seedlings are arranged in order to perform temporary planting and hardening, controlling the volume water content of the seedling cultivation matrixes to be 25-30% during hardening, and hardening till the seedlings grow 7-10 true leaves to obtain sugarcane healthy seedling original seedlings capable of being used for reseeding;
(2) when newly planted sugarcane seedlings in 2 months or perennial root sugarcane root seedlings harvested in 12 months just grow 3-5 true leaves, digging pits at the positions where the newly planted sugarcane field lacks seedlings or the perennial root sugarcane field lacks roots according to the seedling shortage distance, keeping the distance between the two sugarcanes at 30-40cm, firstly scattering lime powder into the pits for 20-30g of each pit, then transplanting the original seedlings of the healthy sugarcane seedlings with nutrient soil into the pits for seedling supplement, and finally watering sufficient root fixing water;
(3) when 90% of the original seedlings of the healthy sugarcane seedlings for reseeding in the step (2) are tillered, cutting down main stems, cutting off partial leaf tips of the main stems to leave 2-3cm of leaf blades, removing the dried leaf blades, soaking the main stems in seed soaking liquid for 2-4 minutes, taking out the surface moisture of the dried leaves, and transplanting the main stems to a sugarcane field for reseeding;
(4) when newly planted sugarcane seedlings in 3 months or perennial root sugarcane root seedlings harvested in 1-2 months just grow 2-3 true leaves, digging a pit at the position where the newly planted sugarcane field lacks seedlings or the perennial root sugarcane field lacks roots according to the seedling shortage distance, keeping the distance between the two sugarcanes at 30-40cm, obliquely inserting the cut stem into the pit to cover soil, wherein the oblique insertion depth is 7-10cm, the ground is 8-15cm long, and the upper part of the stem is vertically obliquely placed with a ditch and forms an angle of 60-70 degrees with the ground;
(5) when 100% of the cutting stem in the step (4) is tillered, cutting off a main stem grown from the cutting stem, cutting off partial leaf tips of the main stem to leave 2-3cm leaves, removing the dried leaves, soaking the main stem in a seed soaking solution for 2-4 minutes, taking out the surface moisture of the dried leaves, and transplanting the main stem to a sugarcane field for reseeding;
(6) when newly planted sugarcane seedlings in 4-5 months or perennial root sugarcane root seedlings harvested in 3-4 months just grow 2-3 true leaves, digging a pit at the position where the newly planted sugarcane seedlings or perennial root sugarcane roots are short of the seedlings, keeping the distance between the two sugarcanes at 30-40cm, obliquely inserting the cut stem into the pit, covering soil, obliquely inserting the stem to the depth of 5-7cm, keeping the length of 6-10cm on the ground, and obliquely placing the upper part of the stem vertical to a ditch and forming an angle of 60-70 degrees with the ground.
2. The method for prolonging the harvest time of the sugarcane seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the seedling substrate in the step (1) is prepared by mixing the carbonized corn straw, the bagasse, the peat soil and the sugarcane filter mud in a weight ratio of 3: 2.5: 2: 1 and sterilizing by 0.5% carbendazim.
3. The method for prolonging the harvesting life of the sugarcane by repeatedly reseeding the main stem of the original seedling of the healthy sugarcane seedling according to claim 1, wherein the seed soaking liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18-22 parts of 50% benomyl powder, 5-6 parts of 30% acute suspending agent, 90-110 parts of Kangpuienduo, 18-22 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and 9500 parts of clear water and 10500 parts of sand.
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| CN110692480A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-01-17 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for increasing sugarcane yield and prolonging perennial root life by obliquely cutting and reseeding sugarcane |
| CN111345215A (en) * | 2020-04-11 | 2020-06-30 | 广州甘蔗糖业研究所湛江甘蔗研究中心 | Temporary planting-free cultivation and field planting method for sugarcane seedlings |
| CN113439559A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-09-28 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for directly producing raw sugarcane by using sugarcane tissue culture seedlings |
| CN114667899A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-06-28 | 云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所 | Late planting close planting multi-tillering seed production method for healthy sugarcane seedlings |
| CN114793900A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-29 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A screening method and application of a sugarcane variety suitable for replanting |
| CN116998326A (en) * | 2023-07-04 | 2023-11-07 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | Method for promoting efficient rooting of leaf tillering cuttings of cymbidium |
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