CN109328527A - A kind of gradually Root growth method of high effect culture tobacco root - Google Patents
A kind of gradually Root growth method of high effect culture tobacco root Download PDFInfo
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- CN109328527A CN109328527A CN201811376737.8A CN201811376737A CN109328527A CN 109328527 A CN109328527 A CN 109328527A CN 201811376737 A CN201811376737 A CN 201811376737A CN 109328527 A CN109328527 A CN 109328527A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of gradually Root growth method of high effect culture tobacco root, the gradually Root growth method includes level land transplanting tobacco seedlings, tillage and weeding and gradually ridging, top dressing.The present invention can efficiently cultivate tobacco root, reinforce the penetration depth of tobacco under ground portion root system and enrich its fibrous root, adventitious root quantity, is conducive to nicotine synthesis, improves tobacco production and value amount and cigarette strain resistance, the resistance to feeding degree of tobacco leaf seedling-forming rate in field is promoted, Delaying Leaf-Senescence and full ripe stage arrive；Level land transplanting is conducive to introduce mechanization tillage and weeding banking machine, reduces the application and tobacco residue harm of herbicide, improves tobacco cultivation efficiency, reduce the artificial used time, increase tobacco grower's income.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tobacco cultivation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of gradually Root growth of high effect culture tobacco root
Method.
Background technique
Tobacco, especially the flue-cured tobacco industrial crops one of important as China, China's tobacco planting area has reached within 2017
1482.2 ten thousand mu, account for about 20% or more of world's total amount, the same year whole nation tobacco tax revenue realizes 11145.1 hundred million yuan, accounts for national annual profits tax
7% or so.Therefore, scientific and effective flue-cured tobacco cultivation technology is conducive to improve economy of the tobacco production and value amount to affect tobacco grower
Income and state revenue and expenditure tax revenue.
Root system plays physical support effect to tobacco growing, while minerals and moisture needed for cigarette strain are largely to pass through root
It is absorbed from soil, and root system is also the synthetic organ of the organic matters such as tobacco leaf nicotine, amino acid, amide, it is peculiar against tobacco leaf
Quality plays a crucial role.Tobacco is as transplanting property crop, and main root is cut off when due to transplanting, so that a large amount of on main root
Lateral root is developed, while adventitious root can be sent out again on stem, so tobacco main root is unobvious, but lateral root and adventitious root are especially flourishing.
Tobacco transplant mode will affect root system development, the growth and substance accumulation of cigarette strain further be influenced, to determine the production of tobacco leaf
Amount and quality, suitable transplanting method are to cultivate powerful root system, improve yield of tobacco and improve the basis of quality of tobacco.
The cultivation step and relevant report about tobacco transplant domestic at present be more common in the small transplantation of seedlings of well cellar formula, seedling on film
Transplanting, small transplantation of seedlings under film, without modes such as ground transplanting membranes, but these transplanting methods are transplanted after first ridging mostly, this also anticipates
Taste cigarette strain root system under which be confined to the ridge face height built before transplanting mostly, main root is difficult to lower bundle earth's surface, fibrous root and
Adventitious root can not volume, repeatedly development to greatest extent, greatly reduce effective absorption nutrient area of root system, it is anti-to weaken cigarette strain
Inverse property, Maturity of Tobacco Leaf reduce tobacco production and value amount intolerant to supporting.Further, since the planting type transplanted after first ridging hinders
Early period mechanization transplanting, later period mechanization tillage and weeding equipment popularization, reduce agricultural production efficiency, increase the recruitment time
And cost.
For this purpose, research and develop a kind of high effect culture tobacco root, reinforce the penetration depth of under ground portion root system, enrich its fibrous root,
Adventitious root quantity improves tobacco production and value amount and cigarette strain resistance, ahead of time the maturity period, promotes the resistance to maturity of tobacco leaf, Delaying Leaf-Senescence
It arrives with full ripe stage and is conducive to introduce mechanization transplanting, tillage and weeding equipment, to reduce application and the tobacco leaf of herbicide
The residual harm of agriculture, improves tobacco cultivation efficiency, and the tobacco cultivation method for reducing the artificial used time becomes the key to solve the above problems.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of gradually Root growth methods of high effect culture tobacco root.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, comprising the following steps:
1) tobacco seedlings are transplanted on level land: being carried out level land using artificial transplanting and/or mechanical transplanting and transplanted tobacco seedlings；
Artificial transplanting: tobacco field deep ploughing 30-40cm before transplanting levels land after broken upturned soil, then using normal on smooth good soil
The direct dig reservoir of dig reservoir mode is advised, preceding cave is transplanted in tobacco seedlings and applies tobacco compound fertilizer 350-400kg/hm2, 200 ~ 275kg/ of calcium magnesium phosphate
hm2As base manure, transplantation of seedlings then will be transplanted into the pool, pours 1.5-2.0L/ plants of root water；
Machinery transplanting: tobacco field deep ploughing 30-40cm before transplanting levels land after broken upturned soil, and it is compound to transplant preceding cave application tobacco in tobacco seedlings
Fertile 350-400kg/hm2, 200 ~ 275kg/hm of calcium magnesium phosphate2As base manure, then mechanical transplanting tobacco seedlings, are transplanted simultaneously, machinery pours
1.5-2.0L/ plants of root water, while pest-resistant agent can be administered simultaneously；
2) tillage and weeding is with gradually ridging: 3-4 tillage and weeding is carried out after tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field and in tillage and weeding process
In gradually ridging to ridging complete, specifically include,
A, intertill for the first time, it is shallow to uproot 2.5-4.5cm around cigarette strain, only broken at nearly seedling land for building do not dig, motionless seedling body, then carry out
Ridging ridging operation, ridge body and furrow are advisable with 7-8cm；
B, second of intertillage, in the ranks deep hoe 10-15cm, intertills depth 6-8cm between strain, and hoe is saturating, hoe is even, then carries out ridging ridging
Operation, makes ridge face be higher by first time ridging 21-25cm；
C, third time is intertilled, shallow to uproot 5-6cm around cigarette strain, and root system is not hurt in guarantee, is then carried out ridging ridging operation, is kept ridge face high
Second of ridging 7-8cm out；
D, according to local natural conditions and cultivation step actual conditions, if prosperous growth phase monthly total precipitation >=250mm, relative moisture of the soil
>=85%, dry and wet frequency >=40% then carries out the 4th intertillage, and shallow to uproot 5-6cm around cigarette strain, guarantee is not hurt root system, carried out simultaneously
Ridging ridging operation, makes ridge face be higher by third time ridging 3-4cm；
3) it top dressing: after the intertillage of the first time described in step (2) and second of intertillage, is carried out using Special compound fertilizer for tobacco
Top dressing, first time topdressing amount are 160-180 kg/hm2, second of topdressing amount is 200-220 kg/hm2。
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, gradually Root growth method of the invention transplants tobacco seedlings by level land early period, and subsequent 3-4 tillage and weeding cooperation gradually rises
The mode on ridge, so that cigarette strain is before the phase of group, root system has just goed deep into the arable layer of earth's surface 0-20cm, largely cultivates
A large amount of fibrous root and adventitious root.Under the height of same ridge face, the present invention compared to existing cultivation technique first ridging after transplant
Mode, cigarette strain root system can be allowed to differ deeper into soil layer 20cm, while gradually risen ridge face soil layer is mostly used for cigarette strain lateral root
With the development of adventitious root, cooperate the root-growing agent applied layer by layer and top dressing, so that mineral nutrition and moisture needed for root system absorption cigarette strain
Area greatly promote, be conducive to root system and synthesize more nicotine, enhance cigarette strain resistance and field is resistance to nourishs one's nature.
2, the present invention reinforces the penetration depth of tobacco under ground portion root system, fibrous root and adventitious root can to greatest extent volume,
Repeatedly development increases effective absorption nutrient area of root system, improves tobacco production and value amount and cigarette strain resistance, ahead of time the maturity period,
The resistance to maturity of tobacco leaf is promoted, Delaying Leaf-Senescence and full ripe stage, arrive and are conducive to introduce mechanization transplanting, tillage and weeding equipment,
To reduce the application and tobacco residue harm of herbicide, flue-cured tobacco cultivation efficiency is improved, the artificial used time is reduced.
3, the present invention for the first time intertillage effectively abolish it is hardened, keep a full stand of seedings, remove weeds；Second of intertillage effectively soil moisture conservation promotees
Root is conducive to draining, ridging weeding；Third time intertills effective loose soil layer, abolishes hardened, weeding guarantor root, reduction water consumption.The
Four times according to local natural conditions and cultivation step actual conditions, when Weed in tobacco field is more, soil stickiness weight, dry and wet weather are frequently handed over
It replaces, then carries out the 4th intertillage, so that further root is protected in water conservation.
4, the present invention by being cut off the water supply before transplanting to transplanted seedling, disconnected fertile hardening, effectively enhance tobacco seedlings and environment fitted
Answering property and resistance；By being layered, apply root-growing agent facilitates lateral root growth to the present invention by several times.
5, gradually Root growth method of the invention carries out level land transplanting, the nothing that simultaneous selection seedling age is 60-65 days in early period
Sick strong sprout transplanting, can remove covering with ground sheeting from and the later period takes off film step, introducing mechanized equipment is more advantageous to, using in mechanization
Weeding reduces the use of chemical herbicide, improves farming efficiency, reduces artificial time-consuming.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but the present invention is limited in any way,
Based on present invention teach that it is made it is any transform or replace, all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
The gradually Root growth method of high effect culture tobacco root of the present invention, comprising the following steps:
1) tobacco seedlings are transplanted on level land: being carried out level land using artificial transplanting and/or mechanical transplanting and transplanted tobacco seedlings；
Artificial transplanting: tobacco field deep ploughing 30-40cm before transplanting levels land after broken upturned soil, then using normal on smooth good soil
The direct dig reservoir of dig reservoir mode is advised, preceding cave is transplanted in tobacco seedlings and applies tobacco compound fertilizer 350-400kg/hm2, 200 ~ 275kg/ of calcium magnesium phosphate
hm2As base manure, transplantation of seedlings then will be transplanted into the pool, pours 1.5-2.0L/ plants of root water；
Machinery transplanting: tobacco field deep ploughing 30-40cm before transplanting levels land after broken upturned soil, and it is compound to transplant preceding cave application tobacco in tobacco seedlings
Fertile 350-400kg/hm2, 200 ~ 275kg/hm of calcium magnesium phosphate2As base manure, then mechanical transplanting seedlings, are transplanted simultaneously, machinery pours
1.5-2.0L/ plants of root water；
2) tillage and weeding is with gradually ridging: 3-4 tillage and weeding is carried out after tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field and in tillage and weeding process
In gradually ridging to ridging complete, specifically include,
A, intertill for the first time, it is shallow to uproot 2.5-4.5cm around cigarette strain, only broken at nearly seedling land for building do not dig, motionless seedling body, then carry out
Ridging ridging operation, ridge body and furrow are advisable with 7-8cm；
B, second of intertillage, in the ranks deep hoe 10-15cm, intertills depth 6-8cm between strain, and hoe is saturating, hoe is even, then carries out ridging ridging
Operation, makes ridge face be higher by first time ridging 21-25cm；
C, third time is intertilled, shallow to uproot 5-6cm around cigarette strain, and root system is not hurt in guarantee, is then carried out ridging ridging operation, is kept ridge face high
Second of ridging 7-8cm out；
D, according to local natural conditions and cultivation step actual conditions, if prosperous growth phase monthly total precipitation >=250mm, relative moisture of the soil
>=85%, dry and wet frequency >=40% then carries out the 4th intertillage, and shallow to uproot 5-6cm around cigarette strain, guarantee is not hurt root system, carried out simultaneously
Ridging ridging operation, makes ridge face be higher by third time ridging 3-4cm；
3) it top dressing: after the intertillage of the first time described in step (2) and second of intertillage, is chased after using Special compound fertilizer for tobacco
Fertilizer, first time topdressing amount are 160-180 kg/hm2, second of topdressing amount is 200-220 kg/hm2。
Frequency of the dry and wet frequency to indicate certain time generation dry and wet weather in certain area.Dry and wet frequency compared with
High then dry and wet weather frequently replaces and monthly total precipitation is excessive.
Further, tobacco described in the step (1) is flue-cured tobacco, dries cigarette, any in Turkish tobaccos, cigar
Kind；The flue-cured tobacco is that Hongda tobacco, K326, cloud and mist 87, Yun yan85 are any one or more of.
Further, transplanted seedling as described in step (1) drains nutrient solution in nursery pond in 10-12 days before transplanting, into
Row cuts off the water supply, disconnected fertile hardening, and fine day pulls open film, and guarantee is divulged information round the clock, and forging seedling degree is that noon tobacco seedlings are wilted, round the clock can be extensive
It is advisable again；The disease-free strong sprout that the transplanted seedling is seedling age 60-65 days.
Further, tobacco seedlings seeding row spacing described in the step (1) is 50cm × 120cm.
Further, the intertillage of first time described in step (2) is 8-10 days after tobacco seedlings transplanting；Second of intertillage is being transplanted
22-25 days afterwards；Third time intertillage is 35-40 days after transplanting；4th intertillage is 10-12 days after third time is intertilled.
Further, the ridging of ridging described in step (2) operation selection carries out in 2 days after the rain or after irrigating, but
It should carried out within 4-6 days in advance than other areas in the drought area annual rainfall≤400 mm.
Further, it carries out pouring after intertillage described in step (2) applying root-growing agent, every primary intertillage of progress, which is just poured, applies one
Secondary root agent, if the number of the tillage and weeding is 3 times, amount of application is respectively 15mg/L, 10mg/L and 10mg/L；If institute
The number for the tillage and weeding stated is 4 times, then the amount of application of each root-growing agent is 10mg/L.
Further, the root-growing agent is 3-indolyl acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA), 3- indoles
Butyric acid (IBA), GGR6, one or more of ABT-1 root-inducing powder.
Further, after the completion of ridging described in step (2), when tobacco field location is hills or flat land, then ridge is high
In 35-45 cm；When the area of heavy rainfull that tobacco field location is 1500 ~ 2000mm of annual precipitation, then ridge height is in 45-55 cm.
Further, when tobacco field location is hills or flat land, ridge height is in 35-45 cm, wherein the height of 4 ridgings
Respectively 7-8cm, 21-25cm, 7-8cm, 3-4cm；When tobacco field location be 1500 ~ 2000mm of annual precipitation area of heavy rainfull,
Ridge height is in 45-55 cm, wherein the height of 4 ridgings is respectively 10-11cm, 25-28cm, 10-11cm, 4-5cm.
Further, tobacco compound fertilizer as described in step (1) is N: P2O5: K2O = 15 : 15 : 18；Step
(3) Special compound fertilizer for tobacco described in is N: P2O5: K2O = 12.5 : 0 : 33.5。
Embodiment 1
(1) level land transplant tobacco seedlings: transplant before tobacco field deep plough 30cm, level land after broken upturned soil, flue-cured tobacco seeding row spacing be 50cm ×
120cm, then using the flat planting type made, will transplanting transplantation of seedlings into the pool, when transplanting, mixes pool cave and applies Special compound fertilizer for tobacco
350kg/hm2With calcium magnesium phosphate 200kg/hm2, 1.5L/ plants of root water are poured after transplanting.The tobacco seedlings are Hongda tobacco.
(2) tillage and weeding and gradually ridging:
A, intertill for the first time, it is shallow to uproot 2.5cm around cigarette strain, only broken at nearly seedling land for building do not dig, motionless seedling body, while carrying out ridging
Ridging operation, ridge body and furrow are advisable with 7cm；
B, second of intertillage, in the ranks deep hoe 10cm, intertills depth 6cm between strain, and hoe is saturating, hoe is even, while carrying out ridging ridging operation,
Ridge face is set to be higher by first time ridging 21cm；
C, third time is intertilled, shallow to uproot 5cm around cigarette strain, and root system is not hurt in guarantee, while carrying out ridging ridging operation, is higher by ridge face
Second of ridging 7cm；
D, according to local natural conditions and cultivation step actual conditions, if prosperous growth phase monthly total precipitation >=250mm, relative moisture of the soil
>=85%, and dry and wet frequency >=40%, then the 4th intertillage is carried out, shallow to uproot 5cm around cigarette strain, guarantee is not hurt root system, carried out simultaneously
Ridging ridging operation, makes ridge face be higher by third time ridging 3cm；
After the completion of ridging, tobacco field location is hills or flat land, and ridge height is in 38 cm；
(3) it pours and applies root-growing agent: carrying out pouring after intertillage applying root-growing agent, every primary intertillage of progress, which is just poured, applies a root-growing agent, if in
The number of weeding is 3 times, then amount of application is respectively 15mg/L, 10mg/L and 10mg/L；If the number of tillage and weeding is 4 times,
Then the amount of application of each root-growing agent is 10mg/L.
(4) top dressing: top dressing used be Special compound fertilizer for tobacco, administration time in step (2) before twice tillage and weeding with
Gradually after ridging, top dressing dosage is respectively 160kg/hm twice2、200 kg/hm2。
Embodiment 2
(1) level land transplant tobacco seedlings: transplant before tobacco field deep plough 40cm, level land after broken upturned soil, flue-cured tobacco seeding row spacing be 50cm ×
120cm, then using the flat planting type made, will transplanting transplantation of seedlings into the pool, when transplanting, mixes pool cave and applies Special compound fertilizer for tobacco
400kg/hm2With calcium magnesium phosphate 275kg/hm2, 2.0L/ plants of root water are poured after transplanting.The tobacco seedlings are K326.
(2) tillage and weeding and gradually ridging:
A, intertill for the first time, it is shallow to uproot 4.5cm around cigarette strain, only broken at nearly seedling land for building do not dig, motionless seedling body, while carrying out ridging
Ridging operation, ridge body and furrow are 8cm；
B, second of intertillage, in the ranks deep hoe 10-15cm, intertills depth 6-8cm between strain, and hoe is saturating, hoe is even, while carrying out ridging ridging
Operation, makes ridge face be higher by first time ridging 25cm；
C, third time is intertilled, shallow to uproot 6cm around cigarette strain, and root system is not hurt in guarantee, while carrying out ridging ridging operation, is higher by ridge face
Second of ridging 8cm；
D, according to local natural conditions and cultivation step actual conditions, prosperous growth phase monthly total precipitation >=250mm, relative moisture of the soil >=
85%, and dry and wet frequency >=40%, the 4th intertillage is carried out, shallow to uproot 6cm around cigarette strain, root system is not hurt in guarantee, while carrying out ridging
Ridging operation, makes ridge face be higher by third time ridging 4cm；
After the completion of ridging, tobacco field location is hills or flat land, and ridge height is in 45 cm；
(3) it pours and applies root-growing agent: carrying out pouring after intertillage applying root-growing agent, every primary intertillage of progress, which is just poured, applies a root-growing agent, if in
The number of weeding is 3 times, then amount of application is respectively 15mg/L, 10mg/L and 10mg/L；If the number of tillage and weeding is 4 times,
Then the amount of application of each root-growing agent is 10mg/L.
(4) top dressing: top dressing used be Special compound fertilizer for tobacco, administration time in step (2) before twice tillage and weeding with
After ridging, top dressing dosage is respectively 180kg/hm twice2、220 kg/hm2。
Embodiment 3
(1) level land transplant tobacco seedlings: transplant before tobacco field deep plough 35cm, level land after broken upturned soil, flue-cured tobacco seeding row spacing be 50cm ×
120cm, then using the flat planting type made, will transplanting transplantation of seedlings into the pool, when transplanting, mixes pool cave and applies Special compound fertilizer for tobacco
375kg/hm2With calcium magnesium phosphate 235kg/hm2, 1.75L/ plants of root water are poured after transplanting.The tobacco seedlings are cloud and mist 87.
(2) tillage and weeding and gradually ridging:
A, intertill for the first time, it is shallow to uproot 3cm around cigarette strain, only broken at nearly seedling land for building do not dig, motionless seedling body, while carrying out ridging training
Soil operation, ridge body and furrow are advisable with 10cm；
B, second of intertillage, in the ranks deep hoe 11cm, intertills depth 7cm between strain, and hoe is saturating, hoe is even, while carrying out ridging ridging operation,
Ridge face is set to be higher by first time ridging 25cm；
C, third time is intertilled, shallow to uproot 6cm around cigarette strain, and root system is not hurt in guarantee, while carrying out ridging ridging operation, is higher by ridge face
Second of ridging 10cm；
D, according to local natural conditions and cultivation step actual conditions, prosperous growth phase monthly total precipitation >=250mm, relative moisture of the soil >=
85%, and dry and wet frequency >=40%, the 4th intertillage is carried out, shallow to uproot 5cm around cigarette strain, root system is not hurt in guarantee, while carrying out ridging
Ridging operation, makes ridge face be higher by third time ridging 4cm；
After the completion of ridging, tobacco field location is area of heavy rainfull (1500 ~ 2000mm of annual precipitation) ridge height in 49 cm；
(3) it pours and applies root-growing agent: carrying out pouring after intertillage applying root-growing agent, every primary intertillage of progress, which is just poured, applies a root-growing agent, if in
The number of weeding is 3 times, then amount of application is respectively 15mg/L, 10mg/L and 10mg/L；If the number of tillage and weeding is 4 times,
Then the amount of application of each root-growing agent is 10mg/L.
(4) top dressing: top dressing used be Special compound fertilizer for tobacco, administration time in step (2) before twice tillage and weeding with
After ridging, top dressing dosage is respectively 170kg/hm twice2、210 kg/hm2。
Embodiment 4
A kind of gradually Root growth method of high effect culture tobacco root, comprising the following steps:
1) tobacco seedlings are transplanted on level land: tobacco field deep ploughing 30cm before transplanting levels land after broken upturned soil, then uses on smooth good soil
The conventional direct dig reservoir of dig reservoir mode, tobacco seedlings seeding row spacing are 50cm × 120cm, transplant preceding cave in tobacco seedlings and apply tobacco compound fertilizer 350kg/
hm2, calcium magnesium phosphate 275kg/hm2As base manure, the tobacco compound fertilizer is N: P2O5: K2O=15: 15: 18,
Then transplantation of seedlings will be transplanted into the pool, pour 1.5L/ plants of root water；
Tobacco described in the step (1) is flue-cured tobacco；The flue-cured tobacco is Yun yan85.
The transplanted seedling drains nutrient solution in nursery pond in 10 days before transplanting, is cut off the water supply, disconnected fertile hardening, and fine day is drawn
Film is opened, guarantee is divulged information round the clock, and forging seedling degree is that noon tobacco seedlings are wilted, and can restore to be advisable round the clock；The transplanted seedling is
Seedling age 60 days disease-free strong sprouts.
2) tillage and weeding is with gradually ridging: 3 tillage and weedings is carried out after tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field and in tillage and weeding mistake
In journey gradually ridging to ridging complete, specifically include, tobacco field location be hills or flat land,
A, intertill for the first time, it is shallow to uproot 4cm around cigarette strain, only broken at nearly seedling land for building do not dig, motionless seedling body, then carry out ridging training
Soil operation, ridge body and furrow are advisable with 8cm；
B, second of intertillage, in the ranks deep hoe 13cm, intertills depth 6-8cm between strain, and hoe is saturating, hoe is even, then carries out ridging ridging behaviour
Make, ridge face is made to be higher by first time ridging 22cm；
C, third time is intertilled, shallow to uproot 5cm around cigarette strain, and root system is not hurt in guarantee, is then carried out ridging ridging operation, is higher by ridge face
Second of ridging 7cm；After the completion of ridging, ridge height is in 37cm.
The first time intertillage is 8 days after tobacco seedlings transplanting；Second of intertillage is 22 days after transplanting；Third time intertillage is moving
35 days after cultivation；
The ridging ridging operation selection carries out in 2 days after the rain or after irrigating, but the Climate Dryness in annual rainfall≤400
Nonirrigated farmland area should carry out for 4 days in advance than other areas.
It carries out pouring after the intertillage applying root-growing agent, every primary intertillage of progress, which is just poured, applies a root-growing agent, if described
The number of tillage and weeding is 3 times, then amount of application is respectively 15mg/L, 10mg/L and 10mg/L；
The root-growing agent is 3-indolyl acetic acid (IAA).
3) top dressing: after the intertillage of the first time described in step (2) and second of intertillage, Special compound fertilizer for tobacco is used
Top dressing is carried out, first time topdressing amount is 170 kg/hm2, second of topdressing amount is 210 kg/hm2.The tobacco specific complex
Fertilizer is N: P2O5: K2O = 12.5 : 0 : 33.5。
Embodiment 5
A kind of gradually Root growth method of high effect culture tobacco root, comprising the following steps:
1) tobacco seedlings are transplanted on level land: tobacco field deep ploughing 40cm before transplanting levels land after broken upturned soil, then uses on smooth good soil
The conventional direct dig reservoir of dig reservoir mode, tobacco seedlings seeding row spacing are 50cm × 120cm, transplant preceding cave in tobacco seedlings and apply tobacco compound fertilizer 400kg/
hm2, calcium magnesium phosphate 200kg/hm2As base manure, the tobacco compound fertilizer is N: P2O5: K2O=15: 15: 18,
Then transplantation of seedlings will be transplanted into the pool, pour 1.8L/ plants of root water；
Tobacco described in the step (1) is sunning cigarette.
The transplanted seedling drains nutrient solution in nursery pond in 11 days before transplanting, is cut off the water supply, disconnected fertile hardening, and fine day is drawn
Film is opened, guarantee is divulged information round the clock, and forging seedling degree is that noon tobacco seedlings are wilted, and can restore to be advisable round the clock；The transplanted seedling is
Seedling age 65 days disease-free strong sprouts.
2) tillage and weeding is with gradually ridging: 4 tillage and weedings is carried out after tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field and in tillage and weeding mistake
Gradually ridging to ridging is completed in journey, is specifically included, and tobacco field location is the area of heavy rainfull of 1500 ~ 2000mm of annual precipitation,
A, intertill for the first time, it is shallow to uproot 3.5cm around cigarette strain, only broken at nearly seedling land for building do not dig, motionless seedling body, then carry out ridging
Ridging operation, ridge body and furrow are advisable with 11cm；
B, second of intertillage, in the ranks deep hoe 14cm, intertills depth 7cm between strain, and hoe is saturating, hoe is even, then carries out ridging ridging operation,
Ridge face is set to be higher by first time ridging 28cm；
C, third time is intertilled, shallow to uproot 6cm around cigarette strain, and root system is not hurt in guarantee, is then carried out ridging ridging operation, is higher by ridge face
Second of ridging 11cm；
D, according to local natural conditions and cultivation step actual conditions, prosperous growth phase monthly total precipitation >=250mm, relative moisture of the soil >=
85%, dry and wet frequency >=40% carries out the 4th intertillage, and shallow to uproot 5-6cm around cigarette strain, root system is not hurt in guarantee, while carrying out ridging
Ridging operation, makes ridge face be higher by third time ridging 5cm；
After the completion of ridging, ridge height is in 55 cm.
The first time intertillage is 10 days after tobacco seedlings transplanting；Second of intertillage is 25 days after transplanting；Third time intertillage exists
40 days after transplanting；4th intertillage is 12 days after third time is intertilled.
The ridging ridging operation selection carries out in 2 days after the rain or after irrigating, but the gas in annual rainfall≤400
Waiting arid area should carry out for 6 days in advance than other areas.
Carry out pouring after the intertillage applying root-growing agent, every primary intertillage of progress, which is just poured, applies a root-growing agent, it is described in
The number of weeding is 4 times, then the amount of application of each root-growing agent is 10mg/L.
The root-growing agent be 3-indolyl acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA), 3- indolebutyric acid (IBA),
GGR6, ABT-1 root-inducing powder.
3) top dressing: after the intertillage of the first time described in step (2) and second of intertillage, Special compound fertilizer for tobacco is used
Top dressing is carried out, first time topdressing amount is 180 kg/hm2, second of topdressing amount is 200 kg/hm2.The tobacco specific complex
Fertilizer is N: P2O5: K2O = 12.5 : 0 : 33.5。
Embodiment 6
A kind of gradually Root growth method of high effect culture tobacco root, comprising the following steps:
1) tobacco seedlings are transplanted on level land: being carried out level land using mechanical transplanting and transplanted tobacco seedlings；
Machinery transplanting: tobacco field deep ploughing 30cm before transplanting levels land after broken upturned soil, transplants preceding cave in tobacco seedlings and apply tobacco compound fertilizer
350kg/hm2, calcium magnesium phosphate 275kg/hm2As base manure, then mechanical transplanting seedlings, are transplanted simultaneously, machinery pours root water
1.5L/ strain；Tobacco seedlings seeding row spacing is 50cm × 120cm, and the tobacco compound fertilizer is N: P2O5: K2O = 15 : 15 :
18；
Tobacco described in the step (1) is Turkish tobaccos.
The transplanted seedling drains nutrient solution in nursery pond in 12 days before transplanting, is cut off the water supply, disconnected fertile hardening, and fine day is drawn
Film is opened, guarantee is divulged information round the clock, and forging seedling degree is that noon tobacco seedlings are wilted, and can restore to be advisable round the clock；The transplanted seedling is
Seedling age 62 days disease-free strong sprouts.
2) tillage and weeding is with gradually ridging: 3 tillage and weedings is carried out after tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field and in tillage and weeding mistake
Gradually ridging to ridging is completed in journey, is specifically included,
A, intertill for the first time, it is shallow to uproot 2.5cm around cigarette strain, only broken at nearly seedling land for building do not dig, motionless seedling body, then carry out ridging
Ridging operation, ridge body and furrow are advisable with 8cm；
B, second of intertillage, in the ranks deep hoe 14cm, intertills depth 7cm between strain, and hoe is saturating, hoe is even, then carries out ridging ridging operation,
Ridge face is set to be higher by first time ridging 20cm；
C, third time is intertilled, shallow to uproot 5cm around cigarette strain, and root system is not hurt in guarantee, is then carried out ridging ridging operation, is higher by ridge face
Second of ridging 7cm；
After the completion of ridging, tobacco field location is hills or flat land, then ridge height is in 35 cm；
The first time intertillage is 9 days after tobacco seedlings transplanting；Second of intertillage is 23 days after transplanting；Third time intertillage is after transplanting
38 days；
The ridging ridging operation selection carries out in 2 days after the rain or after irrigating, but the drought in annual rainfall≤400
Area should carry out for 5 days in advance than other areas.
Carry out pouring after the intertillage applying root-growing agent, every primary intertillage of progress, which is just poured, applies a root-growing agent, it is described in
The number of weeding is 3 times, then amount of application is respectively 15mg/L, 10mg/L and 10mg/L.
The root-growing agent is 3-indolyl acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA).
3) top dressing: after the intertillage of the first time described in step (2) and second of intertillage, Special compound fertilizer for tobacco is used
Top dressing is carried out, first time topdressing amount is 160kg/hm2, second of topdressing amount is 215 kg/hm2.The Special compound fertilizer for tobacco
It is N: P2O5: K2O = 12.5 : 0 : 33.5。
Embodiment 7
A kind of gradually Root growth method of high effect culture tobacco root, comprising the following steps:
1) tobacco seedlings are transplanted on level land: being transplanted tobacco seedlings using artificial transplanting and the common level land that carries out of mechanical transplanting, partially moved using artificial
It plants, partially using mechanical transplanting；
Artificial transplanting: tobacco field deep ploughing 35cm before transplanting is leveled land after broken upturned soil, is then beaten on smooth good soil using conventional
The direct dig reservoir of pool mode, tobacco seedlings seeding row spacing are 50cm × 120cm, transplant preceding cave in tobacco seedlings and apply tobacco compound fertilizer 360kg/hm2, calcium
Magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer 250kg/hm2As base manure, the tobacco compound fertilizer is N: P2O5: K2O=15: 15: 18, then will
Transplantation of seedlings is transplanted into the pool, pours 2.0L/ plants of root water；
Machinery transplanting: tobacco field deep ploughing 40cm before transplanting levels land after broken upturned soil, transplants preceding cave in tobacco seedlings and apply tobacco compound fertilizer
400kg/hm2, calcium magnesium phosphate 200kg/hm2 are as base manure, and then mechanical transplanting seedlings, are transplanted simultaneously, machinery pours root water
2.0L/ strain；Tobacco seedlings seeding row spacing is 50cm × 120cm, and the tobacco compound fertilizer is N: P2O5: K2O = 15 : 15 :
18；
Tobacco described in the step (1) is cigar.
The transplanted seedling drains nutrient solution in nursery pond in 12 days before transplanting, is cut off the water supply, disconnected fertile hardening, and fine day is drawn
Film is opened, guarantee is divulged information round the clock, and forging seedling degree is that noon tobacco seedlings are wilted, and can restore to be advisable round the clock；The transplanted seedling is
Seedling age 62 days disease-free strong sprouts.
2) tillage and weeding is with gradually ridging: 4 tillage and weedings is carried out after tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field and in tillage and weeding mistake
Gradually ridging to ridging is completed in journey, is specifically included,
A, intertill for the first time, it is shallow to uproot 4cm around cigarette strain, only broken at nearly seedling land for building do not dig, motionless seedling body, then carry out ridging training
Soil operation, ridge body and furrow are advisable with 8cm；
B, second of intertillage, in the ranks deep hoe 11cm, intertills depth 8cm between strain, and hoe is saturating, hoe is even, then carries out ridging ridging operation,
Ridge face is set to be higher by first time ridging 20cm；
C, third time is intertilled, shallow to uproot 5cm around cigarette strain, and root system is not hurt in guarantee, is then carried out ridging ridging operation, is higher by ridge face
Second of ridging 7cm；
D, according to local natural conditions and cultivation step actual conditions, prosperous growth phase monthly total precipitation >=250mm, relative moisture of the soil >=
85%, and dry and wet frequency >=40%, the 4th intertillage is carried out, shallow to uproot 5cm around cigarette strain, root system is not hurt in guarantee, while carrying out ridging
Ridging operation, makes ridge face be higher by third time ridging 4cm；
After the completion of ridging, tobacco field location is hills or flat land, and ridge height is in 39 cm；
The first time intertillage is 9 days after tobacco seedlings transplanting；Second of intertillage is 23 days after transplanting；Third time intertillage is after transplanting
38 days；4th intertillage is 10 days after third time is intertilled；
The ridging ridging operation selection carries out in 2 days after the rain or after irrigating, but the drought in annual rainfall≤400
Area should carry out for 5 days in advance than other areas.
Carry out pouring after the intertillage applying root-growing agent, every primary intertillage of progress, which is just poured, applies a root-growing agent, it is described in
The number of weeding is 3 times, then amount of application is respectively 15mg/L, 10mg/L and 10mg/L.
The root-growing agent is 3-indolyl acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA).
3) top dressing: after the intertillage of the first time described in step (2) and second of intertillage, Special compound fertilizer for tobacco is used
Top dressing is carried out, first time topdressing amount is 160kg/hm2, second of topdressing amount is 215 kg/hm2.The Special compound fertilizer for tobacco
It is N: P2O5: K2O = 12.5 : 0 : 33.5。
Test example 1 --- flue-cured tobacco biomass and Root morphology comparative test
Test is carried out in nine small stream proving ground of Yuxi river and mountain area, and tobacco bred is flue-cured tobacco K326.
Test method:
(1) 3 processing are arranged: cultivation of the present invention applies IAA, cultivation of the present invention does not apply any root-growing agent and locality is conventional
Ridge hydroponics.45 days after flue-cured tobacco transplanting, the cigarette strain sample for growing normal disease-free 3 different disposals is obtained using whole strain mining method
Each 3 parts, cigarette strain overground part cauline leaf and underground part root system organ are separated, then impregnates cigarette root 1h, removal soil, matrix etc. with water purification
Cigarette root surface layer impurity, washes out delicate cigarette root, weighs overground part cauline leaf and underground part root system fresh weight respectively；
(2) the cigarette root after weighing is lain in transparent glass disk, pours into proper amount of clear water, the water surface is made just to cover root system, root in disk
System is evenly distributed state and without intersecting, and transparent glass disk is placed in Epson Perfection V700 high-resolution and is swept
Progress root system scanning on instrument is retouched, and is saved in the form of JPG；
(3) it is analyzed with the picture that 5.0 software of WinRHIZO version scans root system, obtains different disposal root system
The parameters such as root long, root surface area, root volume, average roots oxidizing；
(4) the underground part cigarette root after overground part cauline leaf and scanning is sub-packed in ox-hide bag, is placed in 105 DEG C of baking ovens and finishes
30min, then 80 DEG C of drying, weighs dry weight.
Test result is shown in Table 1,2.
Table 1: influence of the different cultural methods to flue-cured tobacco overground part, underground part biomass
As shown in Table 1, cultivation of the present invention applies the overground part cauline leaf fresh weight of IAA processing, dry weight respectively than local ridge planting
Method processing is higher by 36.83% and 28.12%；Cultivation of the present invention applies the underground part root system fresh weight of IAA processing, dry weight respectively than working as
Raised-bed Planting in China processing in ground is higher by 76.48% and 63.78%, this illustrates that method of the invention has obvious rush to flue-cured tobacco biomass accumulation
It is especially more significant to the facilitation of underground part root growth and development into effect.Cultivation of the present invention applies IAA processing
Overground part cauline leaf fresh weight, dry weight do not apply root-growing agent processing than this patent cultivation respectively and are higher by 20.55% and 15.33%；This hair
Bright cultivation applies the underground part root system fresh weight of IAA processing, dry weight, and not apply root-growing agent processing than cultivation of the present invention respectively high
Out 35.64% and 34.19%, this illustrates that cultivation of the present invention applies root-growing agent and do not apply the effect of root-growing agent there are obvious areas
Not.
Table 2: influence of the different cultural methods to flue-cured tobacco Root morphology structure
As shown in Table 2, cultivation of the present invention applies root long, root surface area, root volume and the average roots oxidizing difference of IAA processing
127.97%, 101.04%, 118.69% and 29.27% is higher by than the processing of local Raised-bed Planting in China.This illustrates institute invented party of the present invention
Method is obviously improved the development of flue-cured tobacco Root morphology, the greater area of absorption mineral nutrient of energy and moisture, is that the growth of cigarette strain is sent out
It educates and more excellent condition is provided.Root long, root surface area, root volume and the average root system that cultivation of the present invention applies IAA processing are straight
Diameter does not apply root-growing agent processing than cultivation of the present invention respectively and is higher by 36.25%, 41.76%, 67.16% and 10.42%.This illustrates this
Invention cultivation applies root-growing agent and does not apply the effect of root-growing agent there are significant differences.
Test example 2 --- physical signs comparative test under flue-cured tobacco drought stress
Test is carried out in nine small stream proving ground of Yuxi river and mountain area of Yunnan Province, flue-cured tobacco cultivars K326.
Experimental design: selecting seedling age to be transplanted for 60-65 days healthy and strong disease-free tobacco seedlings, is arranged 2 processing, 3 repetitions, often
10 plants of cigarettes of a repetition amount to 6 cells, and test uses randomized complete-block design, and 2 processing are provided which mild drought condition
(soil inflitration 50%).45 days progress malonaldehyde (MDA), proline, soluble sugar content and super oxygen after transplanting
Object dismutase (SOD) active measurement.
Physiological index determining: the measurement of malonaldehyde (MDA) content uses malonaldehyde TBA method testing cassete；Proline content
Measurement use sulfosalisylic acid extraction method；The measurement of soluble sugar content uses anthrone colorimetry；Erythrocuprein (SOD)
Active measurement uses nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) photoreduction met hod.It the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3: influence of the different cultural methods to the degeneration-resistant Physiology and biochemistry of flue-cured tobacco
Malonaldehyde (MDA) is that the final decomposition product after peroxidation of membrane lipids occurs in the case of cigarette strain organ senescence, is reflection
The important indicator of cell membrane lipid extent of peroxidation, content can reflect plant by the degree of adverse circumstance environmental injury；3 table of table
Bright, the tobacco leaf MDA content of cultivation processing of the present invention is lower by 30.52% than the processing of local Raised-bed Planting in China, it is known that cultivation of the present invention
Processing can reduce influence of this environment stress of arid to tobacco leaf cells Lipid peroxidation metabolism.
Proline, soluble sugar are the flue-cured tobacco osmotic adjustments more sensitive to drought stress reaction；Superoxides discrimination
Change the important component that enzyme is flue-cured tobacco antioxidase system of defense, disproportionated reaction, scavenging capacity can occur with catalytic activity oxygen
Oxonium ion makes it generate H2O2And O2, play an important role to the tolerance improved under flue-cured tobacco adverse circumstance；Table 3 shows that the present invention plants
The Free Proline Content in Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves of training method processing, soluble sugar content, superoxide dismutase activity is respectively than local Raised-bed Planting in China
High 37.52%, 76.40%, 44.24% are handled, illustrates that cultivation of the present invention can be anti-oxidant by reduction tobacco leaf osmotic potential, promotion
Ability mitigates influence of the drought stress to institutional framework；Therefore, from the above results, method of the invention can effectively increase
The environment stress of the drought resistance of strong flue-cured tobacco and promotion cigarette strain growth and development.
Test example 3 --- junior tobacco leaf nicotine content comparative test
Test is carried out in nine small stream proving ground of Yuxi river and mountain area, flue-cured tobacco cultivars K326.Compile cigarette according to local Normal practice into
Row selects bulk curing barn to be toasted, and every pole compiles cigarette 100, every layer 150-170 pole.Select the roasting rear position of upper, middle and lower three
Tobacco leaf carries out nicotine content measurement, and each position repeats three bar tobacco leaves, and measuring method is silico-tungstic acid gravimetric method.
Table 4: influence of the different cultural methods to flue-cured tobacco nicotine content
As shown in Table 4, the nicotine that cultivation of the present invention compares the upper, middle, and lower part tobacco leaf of local Raised-bed Planting in China processing contains
Amount is higher by 10.44%, 11.20%, 12.02%.Illustrate that cultural method of the invention can improve flue-cured tobacco different parts cigarette to a certain extent
Alkali content.
Test example 4 --- different cultural methods are to herbicidal effect, herbicide application amount comparative test
Test carries out in the county Yuxi Yan He of Yunnan Province, flue-cured tobacco cultivars K326.The 50% of three kinds of different amounts gradients is selected in test
Napropamide wettable powder carries out spraying processing, is counted within 60 days after transplanting.
Table 5: different cultural methods are to herbicidal effect, herbicide application amount comparative test
Cultural method of the invention in blank control (clear water) processing can be obvious than local Raised-bed Planting in China as can be seen from Table 5
The quantity for reducing single, double cotyledon weeds plant, reduces 18.80% and 28.60% respectively；Applying same amount of 50% napropamide
Under wettable powder processing, cultural method of the invention can more improve weeds decline rate than local Raised-bed Planting in China, in unifacial leaf
In weeds processing, 8.2%, 9.57%, 13.81% has been respectively increased under three herbicide gradients；In broadleaf weed processing, three
11.47%, 15.90%, 18.81% has been respectively increased under a herbicide gradient.
Test example 5 --- different cultural methods compare hand labor used time statistical result
Table 6: different cultural method way to manages and used time record
Note: 1 people 1 day, which works 8 hours, is denoted as 1 work, and transplanter is with single-head (2 people operation) calculating, tillage and weeding and ridger
Working hour is with single head machine (1 people operation) calculating.
As shown in Table 6, this patent cultivation compares local Raised-bed Planting in China, in transplanting tobacco seedlings, tillage and weeding and ridging
The cultivation step stage has introduced mechanized equipment, has liberated human and material resources significantly, saves the farming operations time for tobacco grower.
In the transplanting tobacco seedlings stage, this patent cultivation reduces 16.67-21.25 times on the artificial used time than local Raised-bed Planting in China；?
In the tillage and weeding stage, reduce 4.75-4.85 times；16 times are reduced in the ridging stage.
Test example 6 --- different cultural methods are to maturity comparative test
Maturity can indicate that the resistance to maturity in tobacco leaf field is strong and weak, after the resistance to maturity in tobacco leaf field refers to that tobacco leaf shows mature characteristic,
It field can be with continued development and the ability of without putrefaction, referred to as resistance to maturity.It is domestic usually to carry out determining that tobacco leaf is mature with external appearance characteristic
Degree, is affected by human factors larger.MDA content can indicate the power that Lipid peroxidation metabolism occurs when cigarette strain organ senescence, with anti-
Reflect the degree that cigarette strain is injured by adverse circumstance；And most intuitively variation is exactly color to tobacco leaf Mature, and the essence of color change is just
It is the variation of chlorophyll content；Plant organ's aging and cell permeability have a direct relation simultaneously, between the size of electrolytic leakage
Connect the extent of damage for reflecting environment stress to cell membrane；In addition, tobacco leaf ripening and senscence degree and susceptibility have substantial connection, it is red
Star disease is a kind of tobacco diseases first occurred on the ageing leaves of lower part, can be used for determining tobacco leaf aging degree.
Test is carried out in nine small stream proving ground of Yuxi river and mountain area, flue-cured tobacco cultivars K326.
Experimental design: selecting seedling age to be transplanted for the 60-65 days disease-free tobacco seedlings of stalwartness, be arranged local Raised-bed Planting in China and
This patent cultivation 2 processing, 3 repetitions, 10 plants of cigarettes of each repetition amount to 6 cells, and test is set using completely random district's groups
Meter carries out the survey of malonaldehyde (MDA), chlorophyll content, relative conductivity, rust gradient of infection for 120 days after tobacco leaf transplanting
Fixed and statistics.
Measuring method: the measurement of malonaldehyde (MDA) content uses 2- thiobarbituricacidα- development process, Chlorophyll content
It is measured using spectrophotometry, rust disease index statistics is referring to GB/T 23222-2008 " classification of tobacco pest and disease damage and investigation
Method ".
Table 7: different cultural method way to manages and used time record
As shown in Table 7, the MDA value that cultivation of the present invention compares local Raised-bed Planting in China has dropped 20.75%, Chlorophyll content
42.20% is improved, rust disease index has dropped 25.1%.It is resistance to ripe to illustrate that cultivation of the present invention is remarkably improved tobacco leaf field
Property and rust resistance.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of gradually Root growth method of high effect culture tobacco root, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
1) tobacco seedlings are transplanted on level land: being carried out level land using artificial transplanting and/or mechanical transplanting and transplanted tobacco seedlings；
Artificial transplanting: tobacco field deep ploughing 30-40cm before transplanting levels land after broken upturned soil, then using normal on smooth good soil
The direct dig reservoir of dig reservoir mode is advised, preceding cave is transplanted in tobacco seedlings and applies tobacco compound fertilizer 350-400kg/hm2, 200 ~ 275kg/ of calcium magnesium phosphate
hm2As base manure, transplantation of seedlings then will be transplanted into the pool, pours 1.5-2.0L/ plants of root water；
Machinery transplanting: tobacco field deep ploughing 30-40cm before transplanting levels land after broken upturned soil, and it is compound to transplant preceding cave application tobacco in tobacco seedlings
Fertile 350-400kg/hm2, 200 ~ 275kg/hm of calcium magnesium phosphate2As base manure, then mechanical transplanting tobacco seedlings, are transplanted simultaneously, machinery pours
1.5-2.0L/ plants of root water；
2) tillage and weeding is with gradually ridging: 3-4 tillage and weeding is carried out after tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field and in tillage and weeding process
In gradually ridging to ridging complete, specifically include,
A, intertill for the first time, it is shallow to uproot 2.5-4.5cm around cigarette strain, only broken at nearly seedling land for building do not dig, motionless seedling body, then carry out
Ridging ridging operation, ridge body and furrow are advisable with 7-8cm；
B, second of intertillage, in the ranks deep hoe 10-15cm, intertills depth 6-8cm between strain, and hoe is saturating, hoe is even, then carries out ridging ridging
Operation, makes ridge face be higher by first time ridging 21-25cm；
C, third time is intertilled, shallow to uproot 5-6cm around cigarette strain, and root system is not hurt in guarantee, is then carried out ridging ridging operation, is kept ridge face high
Second of ridging 7-8cm out；
D, according to local natural conditions and cultivation step actual conditions, if prosperous growth phase monthly total precipitation >=250mm, relative moisture of the soil
>=85%, dry and wet frequency >=40% then carries out the 4th intertillage, and shallow to uproot 5-6cm around cigarette strain, guarantee is not hurt root system, carried out simultaneously
Ridging ridging operation, makes ridge face be higher by third time ridging 3-4cm；
3) it top dressing: after the intertillage of the first time described in step (2) and second of intertillage, is carried out using Special compound fertilizer for tobacco
Top dressing, first time topdressing amount are 160-180 kg/hm2, second of topdressing amount is 200-220 kg/hm2。
2. the gradually Root growth method of high effect culture tobacco root according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1)
The tobacco is any one of flue-cured tobacco, sunning cigarette, Turkish tobaccos, cigar；The flue-cured tobacco cultivars be Hongda tobacco,
K326, cloud and mist 87, Yun yan85 are any one or more of.
3. the gradually Root growth method of high effect culture tobacco root according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1)
The transplanted seedling drains nutrient solution in nursery pond in 10-12 days before transplanting, is cut off the water supply, disconnected fertile hardening, fine day pulls open thin
Film, guarantee are divulged information round the clock, and forging seedling degree is that noon tobacco seedlings are wilted, and can restore to be advisable round the clock；The transplanted seedling is seedling age
60-65 days disease-free strong sprouts；The seeding row spacing of the transplanted seedling is 50cm × 120cm.
4. the gradually Root growth method of high effect culture tobacco root according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2)
The first time intertillage is 8-10 days after tobacco seedlings transplanting；Second of intertillage is 22-25 days after transplanting；Third time intertillage is being transplanted
35-40 days afterwards；4th intertillage is 10-12 days after third time is intertilled.
5. the gradually Root growth method of high effect culture tobacco root according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2)
The ridging ridging operation selection carries out in 2 days after the rain or after irrigating, but in annual rainfall≤400 mm Climate Dryness
Nonirrigated farmland area should carry out for 4-6 days in advance than other areas.
6. the gradually Root growth method of high effect culture tobacco root according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2)
It carries out pouring after the intertillage applying root-growing agent, every primary intertillage of progress, which is just poured, applies a root-growing agent, if the tillage and weeding
Number be 3 times, then amount of application is respectively 15mg/L, 10mg/L and 10mg/L；If the number of the tillage and weeding is 4 times,
Then the amount of application of each root-growing agent is 10mg/L.
7. the gradually Root growth method of high effect culture tobacco root according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the life
Root agent is 3-indolyl acetic acid, salicylic acid, methyl α-naphthyl acetate, 3- indolebutyric acid, GGR6, one or more of ABT-1 root-inducing powder.
8. the gradually Root growth method of high effect culture tobacco root according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2)
After the completion of the ridging, when tobacco field location is hills or flat land, then ridge height is in 35-45 cm；When tobacco field location is year
The area of heavy rainfull of 1500 ~ 2000mm of precipitation, then ridge height is in 45-55 cm.
9. the gradually Root growth method of high effect culture tobacco root according to claim 8, it is characterised in that described works as
Tobacco field location is hills or flat land, ridge height in 35-45 cm, wherein the height of 4 ridgings be respectively 7-8cm, 21-25cm,
7-8cm,3-4cm；When the area of heavy rainfull that tobacco field location is 1500 ~ 2000mm of annual precipitation, ridge height is in 45-55 cm, wherein 4
The height of secondary ridging is respectively 10-11cm, 25-28cm, 10-11cm, 4-5cm.
10. the gradually Root growth method of high effect culture tobacco root according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1)
Described in tobacco compound fertilizer be N: P2O5: K2O = 15 : 15 : 18；Tobacco specific complex described in step (3)
Fertilizer is N: P2O5: K2O = 12.5 : 0 : 33.5。
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| CN114793510B (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2023-10-20 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Sweet potato ridge core uniform layered fertilization and pesticide application method and machine tool |
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