CN114793510A - Method and machine for uniformly and hierarchically applying fertilizer and pesticide to ridge cores of sweet potatoes - Google Patents
Method and machine for uniformly and hierarchically applying fertilizer and pesticide to ridge cores of sweet potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN114793510A CN114793510A CN202210519604.1A CN202210519604A CN114793510A CN 114793510 A CN114793510 A CN 114793510A CN 202210519604 A CN202210519604 A CN 202210519604A CN 114793510 A CN114793510 A CN 114793510A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B29/00—Rollers
- A01B29/02—Rollers with smooth surface
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B33/00—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs
- A01B33/08—Tools; Details, e.g. adaptations of transmissions or gearings
- A01B33/082—Transmissions; Gearings; Power distribution
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B33/00—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs
- A01B33/08—Tools; Details, e.g. adaptations of transmissions or gearings
- A01B33/10—Structural or functional features of the tools ; Theoretical aspects of the cutting action
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B33/00—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs
- A01B33/08—Tools; Details, e.g. adaptations of transmissions or gearings
- A01B33/10—Structural or functional features of the tools ; Theoretical aspects of the cutting action
- A01B33/103—Structural or functional features of the tools ; Theoretical aspects of the cutting action the rotating shaft being oriented horizontally
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B35/00—Other machines for working soil not specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
- A01B35/20—Tools; Details
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B35/00—Other machines for working soil not specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
- A01B35/20—Tools; Details
- A01B35/22—Non-rotating tools; Resilient or flexible mounting of rigid tools
- A01B35/26—Rigid tools
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
- A01B49/022—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/16—Fertiliser distributors with means for pushing out the fertiliser, e.g. by a roller
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M17/00—Apparatus for the destruction of vermin in soil or in foodstuffs
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a machine tool for uniformly layering fertilization and pesticide application of ridge cores of sweet potatoes, wherein the method comprises the steps of carrying out rotary tillage on the soil; pre-ridging the rotary-tilled land to form a half ridge; fertilizing at the top of the half ridge to form a fertilizing surface; covering soil on the fertilizing surface; forming the ridge body after covering soil to form a secondary ridge body; applying the pesticide on the top of the secondary ridge body to form a pesticide application surface; and (5) ridging to form a complete ridge body. The machine tool comprises a rotary tillage device, a ridging device, a fertilizing device and a pesticide applying device; the ridge body built by the ridge forming device is a half ridge; further comprising: a soil throwing and covering device and a ridge top forming device which are arranged between the fertilizing device and the pesticide applying device, and a banking device which is arranged at the rear side of the pesticide applying device. According to the invention, the ridge body is formed for multiple times, and the operation of putting materials is performed once after each forming, so that the driving resistance is not increased in the process of applying fertilizer and pesticide, the problems of grass winding, hilling and the like are solved, and the remarkable progress is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a uniform layered fertilization and pesticide application method and a machine tool for sweet potato ridge cores.
Background
China is the biggest sweet potato producing country in the world, the planting area of 600 hectares all the year round accounts for about 60 percent of the world, the annual output is 8500 million tons, and the annual output accounts for about 80 percent of the world. The fertilization and pesticide application operation is an important link for sweet potato planting, and the current stage mainly comprises manual broadcasting, mixed rotation and ridge core narrow row and strip application, so that the labor intensity is high, and the fertilizer and pesticide utilization rate is low.
In the prior art, patents CN110100511A and CN110100510A provide sweet potato ridge core arc layered fertilization and pesticide application equipment, which can realize ridge core arc wide fertilization and pesticide application, and fertilizer and pesticide are effectively layered, thereby not only solving the problem of fertilizer efficiency and pesticide effect reduction caused by mixed application of fertilizer and pesticide, but also realizing fertilizer and pesticide saving, and improving the uniformity, yield and quality of sweet potato tuber bearing. In the patent, the fertilizing shovel and the pesticide applying shovel are adopted to go deep into the ridge core for fertilizing and pesticide applying, so that the driving resistance is large, and the power consumption is large; and the problems of grass winding, soil accumulation and the like are easily caused when the fertilizing shovel and the pesticide applying shovel move forward along with the machine, so that the fertilizer and pesticide discharging is not smooth, and the uniformity and arc-shaped forming of the fertilizing and pesticide applying are influenced. Similar problems exist with similar concepts employed by patent CN 214800614U.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a uniform layered fertilization and pesticide application method and a uniform layered fertilization and pesticide application machine for sweet potato ridge cores, which can not increase the driving resistance and can achieve the same layered fertilization and pesticide application effect.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the method for uniformly and hierarchically applying fertilizers and pesticides to ridge cores of sweet potatoes comprises the following steps:
carrying out rotary tillage on the land;
pre-ridging the rotary-tilled land to form a half ridge;
fertilizing at the top of the half ridge to form a fertilizing surface;
covering soil on the fertilizing surface;
forming the ridge body after covering soil to form a secondary ridge body;
applying the pesticide on the top of the secondary ridge body to form a pesticide application surface;
and (5) ridging to form a complete ridge body.
Further, the top of half ridge and the top of the secondary ridge body all have arc depressed parts, the fertilization face with the face of applying medicine is arranged in respectively half ridge with the depressed part at secondary ridge body top.
Further, the ridging still includes after forming complete ridge body:
and compacting the complete ridge body.
The sweet potato ridge core uniform layered fertilization and pesticide application machine comprises a rotary tillage device for rotary tillage of soil, a ridging device for rotary tillage of the soil, a fertilizer application device and a pesticide application device; the ridge body built by the ridge forming device is a half ridge;
further comprising: the soil throwing and covering device and the ridge top forming device are arranged between the fertilizing device and the pesticide applying device, and the banking device is arranged on the rear side of the pesticide applying device.
Further, the soil throwing covering device comprises two groups of soil throwing mechanisms which are symmetrically arranged; the soil throwing mechanism comprises a rotating seat, a soil throwing cutter group and a cover body; the soil throwing cutter group comprises a plurality of soil throwing cutters, and the soil throwing cutters are fixed on the rotating seat;
the cover body is provided with an inclined guide plate arranged above the soil throwing cutter set; the inward side of the inclined guide plate is higher than the outward side of the inclined guide plate; and a front retaining plate and a rear retaining plate are respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of the inclined guide plate.
Further, the ridge top forming device is of a plate-shaped structure, the lower end of the ridge top forming device is provided with a circular arc-shaped protruding portion protruding downwards, and the left side and the right side of the circular arc-shaped protruding portion are provided with straight portions.
Furthermore, the fertilizer applying device comprises a fertilizer hopper and a fertilizer discharging device which are arranged up and down; the fertilizer discharging device comprises a first shell which is communicated up and down, and a fertilizer discharging wheel and a first brush are arranged in the first shell; the fertilizer discharging wheel can actively rotate relative to the first shell, a plurality of spiral grooves which are arranged in a circumferential array mode are formed in the fertilizer discharging wheel, the spiral grooves are long-strip-shaped, and two ends of the spiral grooves are staggered in the circumferential direction of the fertilizer discharging wheel; the end part of the first brush is in contact with the fertilizer discharging wheel.
Further, the pesticide applying device comprises a pesticide hopper and a pesticide discharging device which are arranged up and down; the pesticide discharging device comprises a second shell which is communicated up and down, and a pesticide discharging wheel and a second hairbrush are arranged in the second shell; the pesticide discharging wheel can actively rotate relative to the second shell, and a plurality of groups of cells which are arranged in a circumferential array are formed on the pesticide discharging wheel; the end part of the second brush is in contact with the pesticide discharging wheel.
Further, a press wheel is arranged behind the ridging device.
Has the advantages that: according to the method and the machine for uniformly and hierarchically applying the fertilizer and the pesticide to the ridge core of the sweet potato, the ridge body is molded for many times, and the operation of putting the material (fertilizer or pesticide) is performed after each molding, so that the fertilizer and pesticide layering effect which is the same as that of a patent in the background art can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a uniform layered fertilization and pesticide application method for sweet potato ridge cores;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a uniform layered fertilization and pesticide application machine for sweet potato ridge cores;
FIG. 3 is a first perspective view of a uniform layered fertilization and pesticide application implement for sweet potato ridge cores;
FIG. 4 is a second perspective view of the sweet potato ridge core uniform layered fertilization and pesticide application machine;
FIG. 5 is a rear view of a uniform layered fertilization and pesticide application machine for sweet potato ridge cores;
FIG. 6 is a structural view of the soil throwing covering apparatus;
FIG. 7 is a structural view of the fertilizing apparatus;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the fertilizing apparatus;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a dispensing device;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the dispensing device;
FIG. 11 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the completed ridge;
fig. 12 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the completed ridge.
In the figure: 1-a rotary tillage device; 11-a rotary tillage gear box; 12-a rotary tillage cutter shaft; 2-ridging device; 21-forming a plate; 211-trapezoidal opening; 22-gathering plate; 3-a fertilizing device; 31-a fertilizer hopper; 32-a first housing; 321-fertilizer unloading port; 33-a fertilizer discharging wheel; 331-spiral groove; 34-a brush; 4-a drug delivery device; 41-medicine bucket; 42-a second housing; 421-medicine unloading port; 43-drug-expelling wheel; 431-cells; 44-a brush; 5-throwing the soil to cover the apparatus; 51-a rotating seat; 52-a soil throwing cutter group; 53-a cover body; 531-oblique guide plate; 532-front fender; 533-rear earth-retaining plate; 54-a chain drive assembly; 55-a transmission; 6-ridge top forming device; 61-circular arc shaped protrusions; 62-a flat portion; 7-a banking device; 71-hilling shovel; 8-press wheel.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The uniform layered fertilization and pesticide application method of the ridge core of the sweet potato as shown in figure 1 comprises the following steps 1) to 7):
step 1), carrying out rotary tillage on the land;
step 2), pre-ridging the rotary-tilled land to form a half-ridge;
step 3), fertilizing at the top of the half ridge to form a fertilizing surface;
step 4), covering soil on the fertilizing surface;
step 5), forming the ridge body covered with the soil to form a secondary ridge body;
step 6), applying the pesticide on the top of the secondary ridge body to form a pesticide application surface;
and 7), ridging to form a complete ridge body. The ridging and ridging process is carried out by a ridging shovel, soil is backfilled to the pesticide application surface through the extrusion effect of the ridging shovel, and the residual soil on the side of the ridge covers the pesticide application surface, so that the pesticide particles are covered by the soil, and the pesticide effect is not easy to lose.
In the steps, the ridge body is formed for multiple times, and after each forming, the operation of putting in materials (fertilizers or medicines) is executed once, so that the same fertilizer and medicine layering effect as that of the patent CN110100511A can be realized, and compared with the patent that a complete ridge body is formed firstly and then the fertilizer applying shovel and the medicine applying shovel penetrate into the ridge body to apply the fertilizers and the medicine applying form a fertilizer applying surface and a medicine applying surface, the invention changes the construction idea of the ridge body, and the fertilizer applying and the medicine applying operations are implemented in the multiple layering forming process of the ridge body.
Preferably, the top of half ridge and the top of the secondary ridge body all have convex depressed parts, the fertilization face with the face of applying medicine is arranged in respectively half ridge with in the depressed part at secondary ridge body top. Thus, as shown in fig. 11 and 12, the arc-shaped fertilizing surface and the arc-shaped pesticide applying surface are constructed, fertilizer and pesticide are uniformly distributed on the ridge core, the fertilizer and pesticide are applied in a wide range, the fertilizer and pesticide are shaped like an arc, the fertilizer and pesticide are uniformly layered, the sweet potatoes can be uniformly expanded in the growth process, and the pesticide forms an arc-shaped wrapping area, so that the sweet potatoes are prevented from being invaded by pests.
Preferably, step 7) above is followed by step 8):
and 8) compacting the complete ridge body. Through suppression to complete ridge body, can compress tightly the loam for the soil on ridge body surface is difficult for running off or collapsing.
As shown in figures 2-5, the invention also provides a sweet potato ridge core uniform layered fertilization and pesticide application machine (hereinafter referred to as machine), which is the same as the prior art in that the machine comprises a rotary tillage device 1 for rotary tillage of the land, a ridging device 2 for rotary tillage of the land, a fertilizer application device 3 and a pesticide application device 4.
The machines are different from the prior art: the ridge body built by the ridge forming device 2 is a half ridge; and the implement further comprises: a soil throwing and covering device 5 and a ridge top forming device 6 which are arranged between the fertilizing device 3 and the pesticide applying device 4, and a banking device 7 which is arranged at the rear side of the pesticide applying device 4.
Specifically, the rotary tillage device 1 is used for rotary tillage of the soil; the ridging device 2 is used for pre-ridging the rotary-tilled land to form a half ridge; the fertilizing device 3 is used for fertilizing at the top of the half ridge to form a fertilizing surface; the soil throwing and covering device 5 is used for covering soil on the fertilizing surface; the ridge top forming device 6 is used for forming the ridge body after the soil is covered to form a secondary ridge body; the pesticide applying device 4 is used for applying pesticide on the top of the secondary ridge body to form a pesticide applying surface; the ridging device 7 comprises two ridging shovels symmetrically arranged and is used for ridging to form a ridge to form a complete ridge body, the ridging and ridging process is carried out by the ridging shovels, soil is backfilled to a pesticide application surface through the extrusion effect of the ridging shovels, and the residual soil on the ridge side covers the pesticide application surface, so that medicine particles are covered by the soil, and the medicine efficacy is not easy to lose.
The front side of the rotary tillage device 1 is provided with a hitch mechanism for connecting a tractor or other traction machine, and in the present embodiment, a tractor is exemplified. The rotary cultivator 1 includes a rotary tillage gear box 11 and a rotary tillage blade shaft 12, the tractor outputs power to the rotary tillage gear box 11 through the PTO, and the rotary tillage gear box 11 transmits the power to the rotary tillage blade shaft 12 to drive the rotary tillage blade shaft 12 to rotate and cut soil.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the soil throwing and covering device 5 includes two groups of soil throwing mechanisms symmetrically arranged, when the implement moves, the half ridge is located between the two groups of soil throwing mechanisms, and the soil throwing mechanisms are used for acquiring soil at the bottoms of the two sides of the half ridge and throwing the soil to the top of the half ridge; the soil throwing mechanism comprises a rotating seat 51, a soil throwing cutter group 52 and a cover body 53; the soil throwing cutter group 52 comprises a plurality of soil throwing cutters, and the soil throwing cutters are fixed on the rotating seat 51; the middle shaft of the rotating base 51 extends along the left-right direction (the movement of the machine is the front-back direction); the cover 53 has an inclined guide plate 531 disposed above the soil throwing cutter group 52; the inward side (i.e. the side close to the symmetric centers of the two soil throwing mechanisms) of the inclined guide plate 531 is higher than the outward side (i.e. the side far away from the symmetric centers of the two soil throwing mechanisms); front retaining plates 532 and rear retaining plates 533 are respectively installed on the front and rear sides of the inclined guide plate 531.
Through the scheme, due to the existence of the inclined guide plate 531, the inclined guide plate 531 is arranged right above the soil throwing cutter set 52, the soil thrown on the soil throwing cutter set 52 is changed into inclined throwing by the inclined guide plate 531, and therefore the obliquely thrown soil falls on the top of the built half ridge, ridge building can be continued on the basis of the half ridge, and layered ridge building is achieved. The inclined guide plate 531 has the advantages that the flying direction of the soil thrown upwards is changed, the speed of the soil thrown out in the vertical direction is low, the soil after being changed in the vertical direction flies to a high degree and can smoothly reach the ridge top of a half ridge, the operation can be completed by using the existing soil throwing knife, the cost is low, and the new soil throwing knife is manufactured without redesigning and opening the die. The rear soil guard plate 533 can guide some of the soil thrown obliquely upward to the inclined guide plate 531, so as to increase the lateral soil throwing amount, and the rear soil guard plate 533 and the front soil guard plate 532 play a role in preventing the soil from splashing everywhere. The inclined guide plate 531 has an inclination angle of 120 ° with respect to the vertical direction, and the best soil throwing and ridge building effect can be achieved at this angle.
In the prior art, in order to realize lateral soil throwing, the structure of a soil throwing knife needs to be changed or the inclination angle of a soil throwing knife shaft needs to be adjusted (such as patents CN207652922U and CN114271049A), or a soil guiding device, a soil retaining device or a soil guiding channel (such as patents CN214852654U, CN214852654U and CN201585303U) is arranged at the front and rear positions in the same direction of the soil throwing knife, or a soil retaining plate is arranged at a target landing point position, so that the thrown soil falls to the target position (such as patent CN 212436241U). Compared with the existing soil throwing mechanism, the soil throwing covering device 5 has the advantages of simple structure, capability of directionally throwing soil, convenience in control of soil throwing direction and falling point, small volume, small occupied installation space and obvious advantages.
Each rotating seat 51 is correspondingly provided with a transmission device 55, namely, a total of two transmission devices 55 are provided; the rotary tillage gear box 11 has a left output shaft and a right output shaft, and the two output shafts respectively transmit power to the two transmission devices 55 through two sets of chain transmission assemblies 54. This eliminates the need for a separate power source for the soil throwing covering device 5.
The ridge top forming device 6 is of a plate-shaped structure, the lower end of the ridge top forming device is provided with a circular arc-shaped protruding part 61 protruding downwards, and the left side and the right side of the circular arc-shaped protruding part 61 are provided with straight parts 62. Through this structure, the top of secondary ridge body has circular arc recess.
As shown in fig. 7-8, the fertilizer applicator 3 includes a fertilizer hopper 31 and a fertilizer distributor which are disposed vertically; the fertilizer discharging device comprises a first shell 32 which is penetrated up and down, and a fertilizer discharging wheel 33 and a first brush 34 are arranged in the first shell 32; the fertilizer discharging wheel 33 can actively rotate relative to the first shell 32, a plurality of spiral grooves 331 arranged in a circumferential array are formed on the fertilizer discharging wheel 33, the spiral grooves 331 are long-strip-shaped, and two ends of the spiral grooves 331 are staggered in the circumferential direction of the fertilizer discharging wheel 33; the end of the first brush 34 contacts with the fertilizer discharging wheel 33, and the first brush 34 can clean the outer side of the spiral groove 331, so that the fertilizer brought out by each spiral groove 331 is consistent. In the structure, the fertilizer discharging wheel 33 with the spiral groove 331 is favorable for reducing the pulsation of the grooved wheel fertilizer discharging and improving the fertilizer discharging efficiency. In addition, in order to discharge the excess fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper 31, a fertilizer discharge opening 321 is provided in the first casing 32, a baffle plate may be provided at the position of the fertilizer discharge opening 321, and when the fertilizer applying device 3 normally works, the fertilizer discharge opening 321 is in a closed state, and when the excess fertilizer needs to be discharged, the fertilizer discharge opening 321 is in an open state.
As shown in fig. 9-10, the medicine applying device 4 includes a medicine bucket 41 and a medicine discharging device which are arranged up and down; the medicine discharging device comprises a second shell 42 which is penetrated up and down, and a medicine discharging wheel 43 and a second brush 44 are arranged in the second shell 42; the pesticide discharging wheel 43 can actively rotate relative to the second shell 42, a plurality of groups of cells 431 arranged in a circumferential array are formed on the pesticide discharging wheel 43, and the cells 431 are hemispherical grooves; the end of the second brush 44 is in contact with the medicine discharge wheel 43, and the function of the second brush 44 is the same as that of the first brush 34, which will not be described in detail herein. In order to discharge the excess medicine in the medicine hopper 41, a medicine discharge port 421 is provided in the second housing 42, a baffle plate may be provided at the position of the medicine discharge port 421, when the medicine applying device 4 works normally, the medicine discharge port 421 is in a closed state, and when the excess medicine needs to be discharged, the medicine discharge port 421 is in an open state.
A press wheel 8 is arranged behind the ridging device 7. And the press wheel 8 is used for pressing the complete ridge body. Through suppression to complete ridge body, can compress tightly the loam for the soil on ridge body surface is difficult for running off or collapsing. The ridging device 7 comprises two symmetrically arranged ridging shovels 71, and the press wheel 8 is a double-cone press wheel.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for uniformly and hierarchically applying fertilizer and pesticide to ridge cores of sweet potatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
carrying out rotary tillage on the land;
pre-ridging the rotary-tilled land to form a half ridge;
fertilizing at the top of the half ridge to form a fertilizing surface;
covering soil on the fertilizing surface;
forming the ridge body after covering soil to form a secondary ridge body;
applying the pesticide on the top of the secondary ridge body to form a pesticide application surface;
and (5) ridging to form a complete ridge body.
2. The method for uniformly and hierarchically applying fertilizer and pesticide to the ridge cores of the sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top of each of the half ridges and the top of each of the secondary ridge bodies are provided with arc-shaped concave portions, and the fertilizer application surface and the pesticide application surface are respectively arranged in the concave portions at the tops of the half ridges and the secondary ridge bodies.
3. The method for uniformly and hierarchically applying fertilizer and pesticide to ridge cores of sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ridging and ridging are carried out to form a complete ridge body, and the method further comprises the following steps:
and compacting the complete ridge body.
4. The sweet potato ridge core uniform layered fertilization and pesticide application machine comprises a rotary tillage device (1) for rotary tillage of land, a ridging device (2) for rotary tillage of the land, a fertilizer application device (3) and a pesticide application device (4); the ridging machine is characterized in that a ridge body built by the ridging device (2) is a half ridge;
further comprising: a soil throwing and covering device (5) and a ridge top forming device (6) which are arranged between the fertilizing device (3) and the pesticide applying device (4), and a banking device (7) which is arranged at the rear side of the pesticide applying device (4).
5. The uniform layered fertilization and pesticide application machine for the sweet potato ridge cores as claimed in claim 4, wherein the soil throwing and covering device (5) comprises two groups of soil throwing mechanisms which are symmetrically arranged; the soil throwing mechanism comprises a rotating seat (51), a soil throwing cutter set (52) and a cover body (53); the soil throwing cutter set (52) comprises a plurality of soil throwing cutters, and the soil throwing cutters are fixed on the rotating seat (51);
the cover body (53) is provided with an inclined guide plate (531) arranged above the soil throwing cutter set (52); the inward side of the inclined guide plate (531) is higher than the outward side thereof; and a front retaining plate (532) and a rear retaining plate (533) are respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of the inclined guide plate (531).
6. The uniform and layered fertilization and pesticide application machine for the sweet potato ridge cores as claimed in claim 4, wherein the ridge top forming device (6) is a plate-shaped structure, the lower end of the ridge top forming device is provided with a circular arc-shaped protruding part (61) protruding downwards, and the left side and the right side of the circular arc-shaped protruding part (61) are provided with straight parts (62).
7. The uniform layered fertilization and pesticide application machine for sweet potato ridges and cores as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the fertilizer application device (3) comprises a fertilizer hopper (31) and a fertilizer discharge device which are arranged up and down; the fertilizer discharging device comprises a first shell (32) which is penetrated up and down, and a fertilizer discharging wheel (33) and a first brush (34) are arranged in the first shell (32); the fertilizer discharging wheel (33) can actively rotate relative to the first shell (32), a plurality of spiral grooves (331) which are arranged in a circumferential array are formed in the fertilizer discharging wheel (33), the spiral grooves (331) are long-strip-shaped, and two ends of the spiral grooves are mutually staggered in the circumferential direction of the fertilizer discharging wheel (33); the end of the first brush (34) is in contact with the fertilizer discharging wheel (33).
8. The uniform and layered fertilization and pesticide application machine for the ridge cores of the sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 4, wherein the pesticide application device (4) comprises a pesticide hopper (41) and a pesticide discharge device which are arranged up and down; the pesticide discharging device comprises a second shell (42) which is penetrated up and down, and a pesticide discharging wheel (43) and a second brush (44) are installed in the second shell (42); the pesticide discharging wheel (43) can actively rotate relative to the second shell (42), and a plurality of groups of cells (431) arranged in a circumferential array are formed on the pesticide discharging wheel (43); the end of the second brush (44) is in contact with the medicine discharge wheel (43).
9. The uniform and layered fertilization and pesticide application machine for the sweet potato ridge cores as claimed in claim 4, wherein a press wheel (8) is further arranged behind the ridging device (7).
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| CN114793510B (en) | 2023-10-20 |
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