CN111010904B - Three-dimensional soil dressing machine for farmland - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-dimensional finishing method for farmland soil. The method performs three-dimensional finishing on the mellow soil layer of one finishing belt and the raw soil layer of the adjacent finishing belt, so as to obtain mellow soil belts and raw soils that are alternately distributed horizontally. It can realize the purpose of thickening the mellow soil layer and accelerating the ripening of raw soil. At the same time, a three-dimensional soil finishing machine for farmland is disclosed, including a frame. The inner sides of the two side plates of the frame are sequentially fixed from right to left. Raw soil three-dimensional finishing mechanism and soil distribution and paving mechanism, wherein, mellow soil three-dimensional finishing mechanism includes mellow soil tillage mechanism and mellow soil shovel mechanism; raw soil three-dimensional finishing mechanism includes raw soil tillage mechanism and raw soil shovel mechanism; The soil distribution paving mechanism includes a transfer mechanism. The technology and supporting equipment can simultaneously arrange the soil three-dimensionally in the horizontal and vertical directions, thicken the mellow soil layer and separate the raw soil layer in the short term, accelerate the maturation of the bottom raw soil in the long run, and realize the overall and long-term thickening of the soil in the ploughing layer. Fertilize.

Description

A kind of farmland soil three-dimensional finishing machine

technical field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a three-dimensional soil finishing machine for farmland.

Background technique

Affected by high-intensity agricultural utilization, the soil physicochemical properties of cultivated land, especially sloping cultivated land, deteriorated, which is manifested in soil compaction and shallow cultivated layer, resulting in insufficient soil water-holding and fertilizing ability, and a significant decline in land productivity, which has become a constraint to the sustainable development of agriculture. main factor. In order to thicken the ploughing layer, loosen the compacted soil, and maintain soil fertility, deep plowing (including deep loosening, deep plowing, and complete soil layer replacement) and ridge farming are currently being implemented, supplemented by certain fertilization measures, such as planting Green manure, straw returning and deep application of organic fertilizer. Although these technologies can effectively alleviate the impact of land quality degradation, there are still many limitations in their application. For example, deep ploughing and deep loosening to a certain extent make the raw soil layer and the mellow soil layer invert and mix in the vertical direction, resulting in a heavy soil texture in the root growth layer of crops, low content of organic matter and available nutrients, reduced crop yield, short-term Internal difficulties can be improved through the introduction of organic materials into the fields. At the same time, deep loosening also has the problem of short duration of effect. This is because the soil organic matter content is low, and under the action of precipitation, the soil will subside rapidly, and the plough layer will return to its original compact and shallow state.

In order to avoid the soil fertility decline caused by the overturning of the upper and lower soil layers and the mixing of the surface mellow soil and the underlying raw soil, and at the same time to achieve the loosening of the deep soil, some scholars suggest that layered tillage should be used, that is, two ploughs are used to separate the upper and lower soil layers. ploughing. However, this tillage method is similar in nature to subsoiling, and it also has the problem of short duration of effect; although ridge farming can achieve thickening of the tillage layer without disturbing the tillage layer structure, this tillage method is not effective in promoting the deep soil layer. The soil maturation effect of ridges is limited, and it cannot "open source" the soil of the plough layer. At the same time, the ridge farming has poor adaptability in seasons and regions with insufficient rainwater resources, which limits its practical application in constructing a reasonable plough layer.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above problems, the present invention creatively proposes the technology of "three-dimensional soil finishing", and provides supporting tools. The technology and the supporting tools can simultaneously tidy the soil in the horizontal and vertical directions, realize the separation of raw soil and mellow soil, and can Effectively solve the contradiction between the long-term and short-term effects in the construction of a reasonable plough layer. It can not only quickly build a reasonable plough layer in the short term to improve soil fertility, but also promote the maturation of the underlying raw soil in the long run, so as to achieve the overall and sustainable development of the plough layer. Long-term thickening, improve arable land productivity.

In the first aspect, the present invention proposes a method for three-dimensional soil finishing of farmland, the core idea of which is to combine the mellow soil layer (or topsoil layer) of one finishing zone with the raw soil layer (or deep soil layer) of the adjacent finishing zone. Carry out three-dimensional finishing, so as to obtain the mellow soil belt or thick mellow soil belt distributed horizontally (to realize the thickening of the plough layer and the accumulation of surface mellow soil) and the raw soil belt (or subsoil belt) to be matured. Crop growing area, raw soil zone as interrow of crops. This method can be achieved by the following steps:

The first step is to scoop up and collect the mellow soil layers of the two adjacent finishing belts;

In the second step, after the mellow soil layers of the two adjacent finishing belts are shoveled up, the raw soil layers will be exposed, and then the raw soil layers will be shoveled and collected;

In the third step, the mellow soil and raw soil collected in the first and second steps are returned to the trenches generated after the first two steps of shoveling in a horizontal pattern to form a horizontal and alternate mellow soil zone and raw soil zone. At this time, the mellow soil layer in the mellow soil zone is thickened, and the raw soil layer below the original mellow soil layer can move up to the surface, and the maturation process is significantly accelerated.

When returning to the soil in the third step, straws, organic fertilizers, biological inoculants, etc. can also be added to realize the deep application of organic fertilizers to cultivate the soil and accelerate the ripening of the raw soil.

After the above-mentioned method is used to obtain the farmland plough layer, it is necessary to further plant and maintain the obtained farmland plough layer to achieve the purpose of thickening the mellow soil layer of the entire farmland. , the raw soil zone is used as intercropping or intercropping to plant plants that are extremely tolerant to poor soil, such as green manure crops. The absolute width and relative width of the mellow soil zone and raw soil zone can be adjusted according to the type of crops, the thickness of the original mellow soil layer, the characteristics of soil fertility, etc.

Before the soil in the raw soil zone is not mature enough to be suitable for crop growth, the conventional soil tillage before crop planting is only carried out on the mature soil zone, and no-tillage is adopted in the raw soil zone. When the upper layer of soil in the raw soil zone is matured to be suitable for crop growth, the upper layer of matured soil and the lower layer of raw soil in the raw soil zone shall be replaced according to the general vertical replacement method of the plough layer, and the raw soil of the entire raw soil zone shall be matured to suitable crops. When growing, deep ploughing and mixing of the complete plot is carried out to realize the thickening of the plough layer and the soil maturation and fertilization of the entire plot.

In the second aspect, the present invention also provides a three-dimensional soil finishing machine for farmland, which achieves the purpose of three-dimensional soil finishing on farmland, and can increase the thickness of the ploughing layer while realizing the maturation of the bottom raw soil, effectively preventing the generation of soil caused by the existing deep ploughing measures. After the soil and mellow soil are mixed, the fertility declines, which leads to the problem of crop yield reduction; at the same time, the machine can be used for large-scale mechanized operations, reducing labor input and improving the efficiency of three-dimensional soil consolidation in the plough layer.

A three-dimensional soil finishing machine for farmland includes a frame, a side plate is detachably fixed on both sides of the frame, walking wheels are fixed at both ends of the frame, and mellow soil is fixed on the inner side of the side plate from right to left. Three-dimensional finishing mechanism, three-dimensional soil finishing mechanism and soil distribution and paving mechanism. The mellow soil three-dimensional finishing mechanism includes a mellow soil tillage mechanism and a mellow soil shovel mechanism. The mellow soil tillage mechanism ploughs the mellow soil layer, which is convenient for the mellow soil shovel mechanism to shovel the mellow soil; the raw soil three-dimensional finishing Mechanisms, including soil ploughing mechanism and soil shoveling mechanism, the soil ploughing mechanism ploughs the raw soil layer, which is convenient for the soil shoveling mechanism to shovel the raw soil; soil distribution and paving mechanism, including transmission The mechanism is used to receive the mellow soil and raw soil shoveled and conveyed by the mellow soil three-dimensional finishing mechanism and the raw soil three-dimensional finishing mechanism, and distribute and spread the received mellow soil and raw soil horizontally.

The mellow soil ploughing mechanism includes a fixed plate, a first gearbox, a first end bearing plate and a mellow soil rotary tiller shaft, the fixed plate is fixed on the top of the frame, and the first gearbox and the first end bearing plate are respectively fixed on the fixed plate On both sides of the shaft, one end of the shaft of the smelt rotary cultivator is hinged on the first end bearing plate and the other end is inserted into the first gearbox and is engaged with the first gearbox. The top of the first gearbox has a gear plate protruding. The mellow soil shovelling mechanism is set right behind the mellow soil tiller shaft, which is convenient for shoveling the mellow soil layer that has been ploughed. bottom of the rack.

The fixing plate, the second gearbox, the second end bearing plate and the raw soil rotary tiller shaft of the soil ploughing mechanism, the fixing plate is fixed on the top of the frame, and the second gearbox and the second end bearing plate are respectively fixed on the bottom of the fixing plate. On both sides, one end of the raw soil rotary cutter shaft is hinged on the second end bearing plate, and the other end is inserted into the second gearbox and is engaged with the second gearbox, and a gear plate protrudes from the top of the second gearbox. The raw soil shoveling mechanism is arranged directly behind the mellow soil tiller shaft, which is convenient for removing the ploughed raw soil layer. bottom. The raw soil rotary cultivator shaft is located at the rear and bottom of the mellow soil rotary cultivator shaft, and the rear end of the mellow soil shovel cylinder laterally passes through the upper space of the raw soil rotary cultivator shaft and reaches directly above the soil distribution and paving mechanism. After the rear end of the shovel cylinder is lifted, it laterally reaches directly above the soil distribution and paving mechanism, and the rear ends of the mellow soil shovel cylinder and the raw soil shovel cylinder are horizontally arranged side by side.

The soil distribution and paving mechanism is arranged on the left side of the raw soil shovel drum and the mellow soil shovel drum. The soil distribution and paving mechanism includes a fixed plate and a transmission mechanism. The two sides of the fixed plate are respectively fixed with a third gearbox and a third end bearing plate. , the transmission mechanism includes a gear roller shaft, a rotating roller shaft, a hinge plate and a conveyor belt. The hinge plate is fixed on the frame, the two ends of the rotating roller shaft are hinged on the hinge plates on both sides, and one end of the gear roller shaft passes through the hinge plate. It is inserted into the third gearbox and meshed with the third gearbox, and the other end is hingedly fixed on the third end support plate after passing through the hinge plate, and a gear plate is protruded from the top of the third gearbox. The conveyor belt is surrounded on the outside of the gear roller shaft and the rotating roller shaft, and the inner side of the conveyor belt is engaged with the gear roller shaft. A partition plate is arranged between the hinge plates, the top of the partition plate is fixedly connected with the fixed plate, and the partition plate divides the transmission space of the conveyor belt into a mellow soil transfer area and a raw soil transfer area.

In addition, a bandwidth adjusting plate can be fixed on the left side of the hinge plate. The bandwidth adjusting plate is composed of two side plates, a bottom plate and an adjusting plate. The two sides are fixed on both sides of the bottom plate and are respectively connected with the two sides of the rotating roller The hinge plate is fixedly connected, the adjusting plate is a folded plate and is fixedly connected with the partition plate, a leak-proof plate is fixed on the right side of the bottom plate, and the leak-proof plate extends to the lower right of the conveyor belt.

In addition, a fixed plate is fixed on the frame above the soil distribution and paving mechanism, and a lower hopper is fixed on one side of the fixed plate. In the lower hopper, materials for soil fertilization or accelerated soil ripening, such as straw and organic fertilizer, can be placed. , biological agents, etc.

Further, both the cooked soil rotary cutter shaft and the raw soil rotary cutter shaft are composed of a cylindrical shaft rod and a blade, one end of the shaft rod is a smooth end, the smooth section is a hinged end, and the other end of the shaft rod is a gear end, The gear end is a meshing connection end. There are insertion slots on the rod body of the shaft rod. The ends of the blades are inserted into the insertion slots and fixed in the insertion slots by tightening bolts, which is convenient for changing blades of different lengths. The depth is also different, and the rotary tillage width of raw soil and mellow soil can also be adjusted by the layout of the blades

Further, the first gearbox, the second gearbox and the third gearbox include a box body, and the box body is hingedly fixed with a first transmission gear, a second transmission gear and a third transmission gear in sequence from top to bottom. The hinged gear discs on the three gearboxes are meshed with the first transmission gear, and the meshing sections of the mellow soil rotary cultivator shaft, the raw soil rotary cultivator shaft and the gear roller shaft are all inserted into the box body and meshed with the third transmission gear. .

Further, the mellow soil shovel barrel is composed of a mellow soil shoveling section, a mellow soil lifting section, a mellow soil gradual change section and a mellow soil excavation section, and the raw soil shovel barrel is composed of a raw soil shovel section, a raw soil lifting gradient section, and a raw soil excavation section. The mellow soil shovelling section of the mellow soil shovel barrel and the raw soil shovelling section of the raw soil shovel barrel are respectively arranged behind the mellow soil rotary cultivating blade shaft and the raw soil rotary cultivating blade shaft for shoveling.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. In the short term, it can quickly increase the thickness of the plough layer, improve soil water storage and space water storage, increase soil fertility, improve cultivated land fertility, promote crop root growth and rooting, and enhance crop resistance to drought, lodging, poor soil, pests and other adversities , improve crop yield and yield stability, and achieve rapid, efficient and green transformation of low- and medium-yield fields.

2. In the long term, it can promote the maturation of the bottom raw soil, realize the overall and long-term thickening and fertilization of the cultivated layer, and improve the soil fertility of the cultivated land;

3. Crops are planted in the mellow soil area, and the raw soil area is between the rows of crop planting. Due to the reduced plant growth suitability in the raw soil area, it has a significant inhibitory effect on weeds between the crop rows;

4. Reduce the midflow of cultivated layer soil on gentle slopes, increase the interception and storage capacity of rainwater on slopes, improve the soil fertility of mountain cultivated land, reduce soil erosion, realize the protection of cultivated layer soil, improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, improve the ability to use rainwater resources, and promote mountain agriculture sustainable production;

5. It can organically combine strip tillage, promote the application of less-no-tillage technology, and improve the extension of conservation agriculture;

6. It can be organically combined with the existing technologies such as planting green manure, straw returning to the field and deep application of organic fertilizer to promote the deep application of organic fertilizer and the maturation of the underlying raw soil;

7. The machine realizes the purpose of three-dimensional soil finishing of farmland, which can increase the thickness of the ploughing layer and at the same time realize the maturation of the underlying raw soil, effectively preventing the problem of crop yield reduction caused by the reduction of the fertility of the mixed soil of raw soil and mellow soil caused by the existing deep ploughing measures. At the same time, the machine can be used for large-scale mechanized operations, reducing manpower input and improving the efficiency of three-dimensional soil consolidation in the plough layer.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and features of the machine tool of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for three-dimensional finishing of farmland soil;

Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of farmland soil three-dimensional finishing machine;

Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of farmland soil three-dimensional finishing machine without side plate;

Fig. 4 is the side view structure schematic diagram of farmland soil three-dimensional finishing machine;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of described mellow soil rotary tiller shaft;

6 is a schematic structural diagram of the first gear box;

Fig. 7 is the structural representation of described mellow soil shovel;

Fig. 8 is the top view of described mellow soil shovel;

Fig. 9 is the front view of described soil shovel;

Fig. 10 is the structural representation of described raw soil shovel;

Figure 11 is a top view of the raw soil shovel barrel;

Figure 12 is a front view of the raw soil shovel;

Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the conveying mechanism;

Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the conveyor belt;

FIG. 15 is a schematic top view of the structure of the bandwidth adjustment plate.

In the accompanying drawings, the list of components represented by each number is as follows:

1-Frame, 2-First gearbox, 3-Soil three-dimensional finishing mechanism, 4-First end bearing plate, 5-Soil rotary cutter shaft, 6-Second gearbox, 7-Soil three-dimensional finishing Mechanism, 8- the second end bearing plate, 9- raw soil rotary cutter shaft, 10- mellow soil shovel drum, 11- raw soil shovel drum, 12- transmission mechanism, 13- third gearbox, 15- lower hopper , 16-travel wheel, 17-shaft rod, 18-gear end, 19-socket slot, 20-blade, 21-fastening bolt, 22-first transmission gear, 23-second transmission gear, 24-third Transmission gear, 25-Soil shoveling section, 26-Soil gradual change section, 27-Soil excavation section, 28-Soil shovel section, 29-Soil lifting gradual section, 30-Soil unearthed section, 31- Hinged plate, 32-dividing plate, 33-gear roller, 34-rotating roller, 35-meshing segment, 36-band adjustment plate, 37-conveyor belt, 38-side plate, 39-leakage prevention plate, 40-adjustment Plate, 41- mellow soil paving channel, 42- raw soil paving channel, 61- gear plate, 62- bolted column, 63- side plate.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1, the method for three-dimensional soil finishing of farmland proposed by the present invention, the core idea of the method is to three-dimensionally arrange the mellow soil layer of one finishing belt and the raw soil layer of the adjacent finishing belt, so as to obtain a horizontal The alternately distributed mellow soil zone or thick mellow soil zone (to realize thickening of the plough layer and surface mellow soil accumulation) and the raw soil zone to be matured, the mellow soil zone is used as the crop planting area, and the raw soil zone is used as the crop row. This can be achieved by the following steps:

The first step is to shovel and collect the mellow soil layer;

In the second step, after the mellow soil layer is shoveled, the raw soil layer will be exposed, and then the raw soil layer will be shoveled and collected;

In the third step, the mellow soil and raw soil collected in the first and second steps are returned to the trenches generated after the first two steps of shoveling in a horizontal pattern to form a horizontal and alternate mellow soil zone and raw soil zone. At this time, the mellow soil layer in the mellow soil zone is thickened, and the raw soil layer below the original mellow soil layer can move up to the surface, and the maturation process is significantly accelerated.

When returning to the soil in the third step, straw, organic fertilizer, biological inoculum and other materials can also be added to realize the deep application of organic fertilizer to cultivate the soil and accelerate the ripening of the raw soil.

In the fourth step, the crops are planted in the mellow soil zone, and the raw soil zone is used as an intercropping or intercropping to plant plants that are extremely resistant to poor soil, such as green manure crops. The absolute width and relative width of the mellow soil zone and raw soil zone can be adjusted according to the type of crops, the thickness of the original mellow soil layer, the characteristics of soil fertility, etc.

The fifth step is that before the soil in the raw soil zone is not matured enough to be suitable for crop growth, the conventional soil tillage before crop planting is only carried out on the mature soil zone, and no-tillage is adopted in the raw soil zone. When the upper layer of soil in the raw soil zone is matured to be suitable for crop growth, the upper layer of matured soil and the lower layer of raw soil in the raw soil zone shall be replaced according to the general vertical replacement method of the plough layer, and the raw soil of the entire raw soil zone shall be matured to suitable crops. When growing, deep ploughing and mixing of the complete plot is carried out to realize the thickening of the plough layer and the soil maturation and fertilization of the entire plot.

As shown in Fig. 2-4, the machine for three-dimensional soil finishing of farmland includes a frame 1. Bolting columns 62 are provided on both sides of the frame. A pair of side plates are respectively fixed to the On both sides of the frame, the side plates 63 can prevent the soil of the adjacent finishing belt from collapsing and falling into the excavated trench when the mellow soil layer and the raw soil layer are shoveled up; the front end of the side plate is wedge-shaped to reduce the cutting of soil time resistance. Two ends of the frame 1 are fixed with walking wheels 16, and the frame 1 is sequentially fixed with a three-dimensional finishing mechanism 3 for mellow soil, a three-dimensional finishing mechanism 7 for raw soil, and a soil distribution and paving mechanism from right to left. The three-dimensional finishing mechanism for mellow soil 3 includes a mellow soil tillage mechanism and a mellow soil shovel mechanism. The mellow soil tillage mechanism ploughs the mellow soil layer, which is convenient for the mellow soil shovel mechanism to shovel the mellow soil; the raw soil three-dimensional The finishing mechanism 7 includes a raw soil ploughing mechanism and a raw soil shoveling mechanism. The raw soil plowing mechanism ploughs the raw soil layer, which is convenient for the raw soil shoveling mechanism to shovel the raw soil; the soil distribution and paving mechanism, A conveying mechanism 12 is included to receive the mellow soil and raw soil shoveled and conveyed by the mellow soil three-dimensional finishing mechanism and the raw soil three-dimensional finishing mechanism, and to distribute and spread the received mellow soil and raw soil horizontally.

The mellow soil ploughing mechanism includes a fixed plate, a first gearbox 2, a first end bearing plate 4 and a smelt rotary tiller shaft 5, the fixed plate is fixed on the top of the frame, the first gearbox 2 and the first end bearing plate 4 They are respectively fixed on both sides of the fixed plate, one end of the smelt rotary tiller shaft 5 is hinged on the first end bearing plate 4 and the other end is inserted into the first gearbox 2 and is meshed with the first gearbox 2. A gear plate 61 protrudes from the top of the box 2 . The mellow soil shoveling mechanism is arranged directly behind the mellow soil turning blade shaft, which is convenient for the removal of the mellow soil layer that has been tilled. Bottom of rack 1.

The fixing plate of the soil ploughing mechanism, the second gearbox 6, the second end bearing plate 8 and the soil rotary tiller shaft 9, the fixing plate is fixed on the top of the frame, the second gearbox 6 and the second end bearing plate 8 are respectively Fixed on both sides of the fixed plate, one end of the raw soil rotary tiller shaft 9 is hinged on the second end bearing plate 8 and the other end is inserted into the second gearbox 6 and is engaged with the second gearbox 6. The second gearbox A gear plate 61 protrudes from the top of the . The raw soil shoveling mechanism is arranged directly behind the mellow soil ploughing blade shaft 9, which is convenient for shoveling the ploughed raw soil layer. bottom of the rack. The raw soil rotary cultivator shaft 9 is located at the rear and bottom of the smelt rotary cultivator shaft 5, and the rear end of the mellow soil shovel cylinder 10 laterally passes through the upper space of the raw soil rotary cultivator shaft 9 and reaches the front of the soil distribution and spreading mechanism. Above, the rear end of the raw soil shovel 10 is lifted laterally to reach right above the soil distribution and paving mechanism.

As shown in Figures 13-15, the soil distribution and paving mechanism is arranged on the left side of the raw soil shovel 10 and the mellow soil shovel 11. The soil distribution and paving mechanism includes a fixed plate and a transmission mechanism. Both sides of the fixed plate are respectively fixed with The third gearbox 13 and the third end bearing plate, the conveying mechanism 12 includes a gear roller shaft 33, a rotating roller shaft 34, a hinge plate 31 and a conveyor belt 37, the hinge plate 31 is fixed on the frame 1, and the two sides of the rotating roller shaft 34 The ends are hinged on the hinge plates 31 on both sides, the meshing section 35 of the gear roller shaft 33 is inserted into the third gearbox 13 and is engaged with the third gearbox 13, and the other end is hinged and fixed to the third end after passing through the hinge plates 31 board. The conveyor belt 37 surrounds the gear roller shaft 33 and the rotating roller shaft 34, and the inner side of the conveyor belt 37 is engaged with the gear roller shaft. A partition plate 32 is arranged between the hinge plates, the top of the partition plate 32 is fixedly connected with the fixed plate, and the partition plate 32 divides the transmission space of the conveyor belt into a mellow soil transfer area and a raw soil transfer area.

In addition, a fixed plate is fixed on the frame above the soil distribution and paving mechanism, and a lower hopper 15 is fixed on one side of the fixed plate. The lower hopper 15 can store materials, such as straw, organic fertilizer, biological inoculum, etc. The material can be dropped into the conveying area to be mixed with the soil, so as to realize the deep application of organic fertilizer or to speed up the ripening process of the raw soil.

As shown in FIG. 5 , the smelt rotary cutter shaft 5 and the raw soil rotary cutter shaft 9 are both composed of a cylindrical shaft rod 17 and a blade 20. One end of the shaft rod 17 is a smooth end, and the smooth section is a hinged end. The other end of the rod is the gear end 18, which is the meshing connection end. An insertion slot 19 is arranged on the rod body of the shaft rod 17, and the end of the blade 20 is inserted into the insertion slot and fixed in the insertion slot by fastening bolts 21, so as to facilitate the replacement of blades of different lengths.

As shown in FIG. 5 , the first gearbox, the second gearbox and the third gearbox include a box body, and the box bodies are hingedly fixed with a first transmission gear, a second transmission gear and a third transmission gear in sequence from top to bottom. The hinged gear discs on the first, second and third gearboxes are meshed with the first transmission gear. The transmission gears are engaged.

As shown in FIGS. 7-9 , the shovel shovel 10 is composed of a shovel shovel section 25 , a lifting section of smelt, a transition section 26 and an unearthed section 27 , and the shovel shovel of raw soil consists of a shovel section 28 of raw soil , the raw soil lifting gradual section 29, the raw soil unearthed section 30, the mellow soil shovel section of the mellow soil shovel barrel and the raw soil shovel section of the raw soil shovel barrel are respectively arranged on the mellow soil rotary cultivating blade shaft 5, the raw soil rotary cultivating blade Shoveling work is performed behind the shaft 9 .

As shown in Figures 10-12, a bandwidth adjusting plate 36 can be fixed on the left side of the hinge plate. The bandwidth adjusting plate 36 is composed of two side plates 38, a bottom plate 39 and an adjusting plate 40, and the two side plates 38 are fixed on the bottom plate. The two sides are fixedly connected with the hinge plates 31 on both sides of the rotating roller shaft respectively. The adjusting plate 40 is a folding plate and is fixedly connected with the dividing plate 32. The folding plate separates the floor space between the mature soil paving channel 41 and the raw soil In the soil paving channel 42, a leak-proof plate 39 is fixed on the right side of the bottom plate, and the leak-proof plate 39 extends to the lower right of the conveyor belt.

The working principle of this machine tool is as follows: the machine tool is mounted on the rear of the tractor head, and the gear plates of the first gearbox, the second gearbox and the third gearbox are meshed and connected with the rotating shaft of the diesel engine driving the head of the tractor using a conveyor belt, and the diesel engine is used. It provides power for the rotation of the mellow soil rotary tiller shaft 5 , the raw soil rotary tiller shaft 9 and the gear roller shaft 33 . When the rotating shaft of the diesel engine rotates, the gear plate 61 transmits the power step by step through the first transmission gear, the second transmission gear and the third transmission gear. Rotating, the blade on the mellow soil rotary tiller shaft 5 performs rotary plowing and loosening on the mellow soil layer. During the process of the machine moving forward with the driving locomotive, the mellow soil shovel cylinder 10 behind the rotary tiller shaft will remove the mellow soil layer after the rotary tillage. It falls from the mellow excavation section of the shovel shovel 10, and the mellow falls onto the conveyor belt 37 of the conveying mechanism, and the partition plate 32 divides the conveying space of the conveyor belt into the mellow soil conveying area and the raw soil conveying area. , aligning the mellow soil transfer area with the mellow soil unearthed section 27 can ensure that the mellow soil falls in the mellow soil transfer area, and the mellow soil is conveyed by the conveyor belt 37 to reach the mellow soil paving channel 41 of the bandwidth adjustment plate 36 and pass through the adjustment plate. After the width of 40 is adjusted, it falls into the trench dug by the mellow shovel 10 to form a mellow belt

In the same way, the second gearbox 8 transmits the power step by step through the first transmission gear, the second transmission gear and the third transmission gear, and the third transmission gear 24 drives the raw soil rotary cutter shaft 9 meshed and connected with it to rotate, so that the The blade on the rotary soil rotary cultivator shaft 9 performs rotary tillage and loosening of the exposed raw soil layer. During the process of moving forward with the driving head of the machine, the raw soil shovel cylinder 11 behind the rotary soil rotary cultivator shaft will loosen the soil after rotary plowing. The raw soil layer is removed, and the raw soil enters from the raw soil shovel 11 and falls to the raw soil transfer area after the subsequent raw soil pushes. 44 and after being adjusted by the width of the adjusting plate 40, it falls into the trench dug by the raw soil shovel drum 11 to form a raw soil belt. A lower hopper 15 is fixed above the raw soil conveying area, and the matured material in the lower hopper can fall into the conveying area and be mixed with the soil. The mixing method is more uniform and more sufficient.

Before the soil in the raw soil zone is not mature enough to be suitable for crop growth, the conventional soil tillage before crop planting is only carried out on the mature soil zone, and no-tillage is adopted in the raw soil zone. When the upper layer of soil in the raw soil zone is matured to be suitable for crop growth, the upper layer of mature soil in the raw soil zone and the lower layer of raw soil should be replaced according to the general vertical replacement method of the plough layer, and supplemented by deep burying measures such as straws and other organic materials to speed up the production. The soil layer is matured. When the raw soil of the entire raw soil zone is matured to be suitable for crop growth, deep ploughing and mixing of the complete plot is carried out to realize the thickening of the entire plough layer and soil aging.

In the description of this specification, description with reference to the terms "one embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc. means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one aspect of the present invention. in one embodiment or example. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The above-disclosed preferred embodiments of the present invention are provided only to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not exhaust all the details, nor do they limit the invention to only the described embodiments. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the content of this specification. The present specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can well understand and utilize the present invention. The present invention is to be limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims (6)

1. A three-dimensional soil finishing machine for farmland, characterized in that it comprises a frame, the two sides of the frame are fixed with detachable side plates, the two ends of the frame are fixed with walking wheels, and the inner side of the side plate of the frame moves from right to left. On the left are fixed three-dimensional finishing mechanism for mellow soil, three-dimensional finishing mechanism for raw soil and soil distribution and paving mechanism, among which, The three-dimensional finishing mechanism of mellow soil includes a mellow soil tillage mechanism and a mellow soil shovel mechanism. The mellow soil tillage mechanism ploughs the mellow soil layer, which is convenient for the mellow soil shovel mechanism to shovel the mellow soil; Raw soil three-dimensional finishing mechanism, including raw soil tillage mechanism and raw soil shoveling mechanism, raw soil tillage mechanism ploughs raw soil layer, which is convenient for raw soil shoveling mechanism to shovel raw soil; A soil distribution and paving mechanism, including a transmission mechanism, is used to receive the mellow soil and raw soil shoveled and conveyed by the mellow soil three-dimensional finishing mechanism and the raw soil three-dimensional finishing mechanism, and distribute and spread the received mellow soil and raw soil horizontally; The mellow soil tilling mechanism includes a fixed plate, a first gearbox, a first end bearing plate and a smelt rotary tiller shaft. The fixed plate is fixed on the top of the frame, and the first gearbox and the first end bearing plate are respectively fixed on the top of the frame. On both sides of the fixed plate, one end of the shaft of the smelt rotary cultivator is hinged on the first end bearing plate, and the other end is inserted into the first gearbox and is engaged with the first gearbox, and the top of the first gearbox has gears protruding The mellow soil shovelling mechanism is set right behind the mellow soil ploughing blade shaft, which is convenient for the shovelling of the mellow soil layer. the bottom of the rack; The raw soil tillage mechanism includes a fixed plate, a second gearbox, a second end bearing plate and a raw soil rotary tiller shaft, the fixed plate is fixed on the top of the frame, and the second gearbox and the second end bearing plate are respectively fixed on the top of the frame. On both sides of the fixed plate, one end of the shaft of the raw soil rotary tiller is hinged on the second end bearing plate and the other end is inserted into the second gearbox and is engaged with the second gearbox, and the top of the second gearbox has gears protruding The raw soil shovelling mechanism is set directly behind the mellow soil tiller shaft, which is convenient for the shovelling of the ploughed raw soil layer. The bottom of the frame; the raw soil rotary cultivator shaft is located behind the mellow soil rotary cultivator shaft, and the rear end of the mellow soil shovel barrel laterally passes through the upper space of the raw soil rotary cultivator shaft and reaches directly above the soil distribution and paving mechanism , the rear end of the raw soil shovel barrel is lifted and laterally reaches the top of the soil distribution and paving mechanism, and the mellow soil shovel barrel and the rear end of the raw soil shovel barrel are arranged horizontally side by side; The soil distribution and paving mechanism is arranged on the left side of the raw soil shovel drum and the mellow soil shovel drum. The soil distribution and paving mechanism includes a fixed plate and a transmission mechanism. The two sides of the fixed plate are respectively fixed with a third gearbox and a third end bearing plate. , the transmission mechanism includes a gear roller shaft, a rotating roller shaft, a hinge plate and a conveyor belt. The hinge plate is fixed on the frame, the two ends of the rotating roller shaft are hinged on the hinge plates on both sides, and one end of the gear roller shaft passes through the hinge plate. It is inserted into the third gearbox and meshed with the third gearbox, and the other end is hingedly fixed on the third end bearing plate after passing through the hinge plate; occlusal connection; a partition plate is arranged between the hinge plates, the top of the partition plate is fixedly connected with the fixed plate, and the partition plate divides the transmission space of the conveyor belt into a mellow soil transfer area and a raw soil transfer area. 2. The three-dimensional soil finishing machine for farmland according to claim 1, wherein a bandwidth adjusting plate can be fixed on the left side of the hinge plate, and the bandwidth adjusting plate is composed of two side plates, a bottom plate and an adjusting plate, The two sides are fixed on both sides of the bottom plate and are respectively fixedly connected with the hinge plates on both sides of the rotating roller shaft. The adjusting plate is a folded plate and is fixedly connected with the dividing plate. The plate extends to the lower right of the conveyor belt. 3 . The three-dimensional soil finishing machine for farmland according to claim 2 , wherein a fixing plate is fixed on the frame above the soil distribution and paving mechanism, and a lower hopper is fixed on one side of the fixing plate, and a lower hopper is placed in the lower hopper. 4 . There are straws, organic fertilizers or biological inoculants. 4. The farmland soil three-dimensional finishing machine according to claim 3 is characterized in that, said mellow soil rotary tiller shaft and raw soil rotary tiller knife shaft are both composed of cylindrical shaft rod and blade, and one end of the shaft rod is smooth. The smooth end is the hinge end, the other end of the shaft rod is the gear end, the gear end is the meshing connection end, the rod body of the shaft rod is provided with a plug-in groove, and the end of the blade is inserted into the plug-in groove and passes through the tightening groove. The fixing bolt is fixed in the insertion slot. 5 . The three-dimensional soil finishing machine for farmland according to claim 4 , wherein the first gearbox, the second gearbox and the third gearbox comprise boxes, and the boxes are hinged and fixed in sequence from top to bottom. 6 . A transmission gear, a second transmission gear and a third transmission gear, the hinged gear discs on the first, second and third gearboxes are all meshed and connected with the first transmission gear, and the mellow soil rotary cultivator shaft, the raw soil rotary cultivator shaft and The ends of the gear roller shafts are all inserted into the casing and meshed with the third transmission gear. 6. The farmland soil three-dimensional finishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, the shovelling mechanism for mellow soil and the shoveling mechanism for raw soil respectively comprise a shovel shovel for mellow soil and a shovel for raw soil. The barrel is composed of mellow soil shoveling section, mellow soil lifting section, mellow soil gradual change section and mellow soil unearthed section. The mellow soil shovelling section of the drum and the raw soil shovelling section of the raw soil shovel drum are respectively arranged behind the mellow soil rotary cultivating blade shaft and the raw soil rotary cultivating blade shaft for shoveling operations.

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