CN111010904B - Three-dimensional soil dressing machine for farmland - Google Patents
Three-dimensional soil dressing machine for farmland Download PDFInfo
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- CN111010904B CN111010904B CN201911353136.XA CN201911353136A CN111010904B CN 111010904 B CN111010904 B CN 111010904B CN 201911353136 A CN201911353136 A CN 201911353136A CN 111010904 B CN111010904 B CN 111010904B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
- A01B49/022—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional finishing method for farmland soil, which is characterized in that a mellow soil layer of a finishing belt and a immature soil layer of an adjacent finishing belt are subjected to three-dimensional finishing, so that a ripe soil belt and an immature soil belt which are horizontally and alternately distributed are obtained, and the purposes of thickening the ripe soil layer and accelerating the ripening of immature soil are realized; the raw soil three-dimensional arrangement mechanism comprises a raw soil turning mechanism and a raw soil shoveling mechanism; the soil distribution paving mechanism includes a transport mechanism. The technology and the matching machine can simultaneously and three-dimensionally finish soil in the horizontal and vertical directions, thicken mature soil layers and separate raw soil layers in a short period, accelerate the curing of the raw soil at the bottom layer in a long period, and realize the integral and long-term thickening fertilization of the soil at the plough layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural machines, in particular to a three-dimensional farmland soil finishing machine.
Background
Under the influence of high-strength agricultural utilization, the physical and chemical properties of the farmland, particularly the soil of slope farmland, are deteriorated, and the characteristics are highlighted in that the soil is hardened and the plough layer becomes shallow, so that the water and fertilizer holding and supplying capacity of the soil is insufficient, the land productivity is remarkably reduced, and the method becomes a main factor for restricting the sustainable development of agriculture. In order to thicken a plough layer, loosen hardened soil and maintain soil fertility, deep ploughing (including deep scarification, deep ploughing and complete up-down replacement of soil layers) and ridge culture are mainly carried out at present, and certain fertility cultivation measures are supplemented, such as green manure planting, straw returning, organic fertilizer deep application and other technologies. Although these techniques can effectively alleviate the effects of land quality degradation, there are still major limitations in application. For example, deep plowing and, to a certain extent, deep scarification both cause the immature soil layer and the mature soil layer to turn over and mix in the vertical direction, resulting in a sticky and heavy soil texture in the growth layer of the root system of the crop, low organic matter and available nutrient content, reduced crop yield, and difficulty in being improved by the introduction of organic materials into the field in a short period of time. Meanwhile, deep scarification also has the problem of short effect duration. The reason is that the soil has low organic matter content, and under the action of rainfall, the soil can be rapidly settled, and the plough layer is restored to the original hardened and shallow state.
In order to avoid the decrease of soil fertility caused by the turning of the upper and lower soil layers and the mixing of the surface layer mellow soil and the bottom layer immature soil and to achieve the loosening of the deep soil, some researchers propose to adopt the layered cultivation, that is, two furrow plows respectively plough the upper and lower soil layers. However, the cultivation mode is similar to deep scarification in nature, and the problem of short effect duration is also existed; although ridge culture can realize the thickening of the plough layer under the condition of not disturbing the structure of the plough layer, the cultivation mode has limited effect on promoting the curing of raw soil in the deep soil layer, can not realize the 'open source' of the plough layer soil, and has poor adaptability in seasons and regions with insufficient rainwater resources, thereby limiting the practical application of the ridge culture in constructing reasonable plough layers.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention creatively provides a 'soil three-dimensional finishing' technology and provides a matched operation machine tool, the technology and the matched machine tool can simultaneously finish soil in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction in a three-dimensional manner, realize the separation of immature soil and mature soil, effectively solve the problem of contradiction between long-term effect and short-term effect in the reasonable plough layer construction, can quickly construct a reasonable plough layer in a short period, improve the soil fertility, promote the curing of the immature soil at the bottom layer in a long period, realize the integral and long-term thickening of the plough layer and improve the land fertility of the cultivated land.
In the first aspect, the invention provides a method for three-dimensional finishing of farmland soil, which has the core idea that a mature soil layer (or a surface soil layer) of one finishing zone and a raw soil layer (or a deep soil layer) of an adjacent finishing zone are subjected to three-dimensional finishing, so that a mature soil zone or a thick mature soil zone (realizing plough layer thickening and surface layer mature soil gathering) and a raw soil zone (or a bottom soil zone) to be cured which are distributed horizontally and alternately are obtained, the mature soil zone is used as a crop planting area, and the raw soil zone is used as a crop row space. The method can be realized by the following steps:
firstly, shoveling and collecting the mellow soil layers of two adjacent finishing belts;
secondly, after the mellow soil layers of the two adjacent finishing belts are shoveled, the raw soil layer is exposed, and then the raw soil layer is shoveled and collected;
and thirdly, returning the mature soil and the raw soil collected in the first step and the second step to the grooves generated after the soil shoveling in the first two steps according to a horizontally alternate pattern to form mature soil belts and raw soil belts which are horizontally alternate, wherein the mature soil layer of the mature soil belts is thickened, the raw soil layer below the original mature soil layer is moved up to the ground surface, and the curing process is remarkably accelerated.
When returning the soil in the third step, straws, organic fertilizer, biological agent and the like can be added to realize the deep application and hilling of the organic fertilizer and accelerate the curing of raw soil.
After the farmland cultivated land is obtained by the method, the obtained farmland cultivated land needs to be further planted and maintained so as to achieve the purpose of thickening the mature soil layer of the whole farmland. The absolute width and the relative width of the mature soil zone and the soil-growing zone can be adjusted according to the type of crops, the thickness of the original mature soil layer, the soil fertility characteristics and the like.
Before the soil in the raw soil zone is not matured to be suitable for the growth of crops, the conventional soil cultivation before the crops are planted every year is only carried out on the matured soil zone, and the raw soil zone is free of tillage. And when the soil on the upper layer of the green soil zone is cured to be suitable for the growth of crops, replacing the cured soil on the upper layer of the green soil zone with the green soil on the lower layer according to a general plough layer vertical replacement method, and when the green soil of the whole green soil zone is cured to be suitable for the growth of crops, deeply ploughing and mixing the whole land parcel to realize the plough layer thickening and soil curing fertilization of the whole land parcel.
In a second aspect, the invention also provides a farmland soil three-dimensional finishing machine tool, which realizes the purpose of three-dimensional finishing of farmland soil, can realize the curing of the raw soil at the bottom layer while increasing the thickness of a plough layer, and effectively prevents the problem of crop yield reduction caused by the decrease of fertility after the raw soil and the ripe soil are mixed due to the existing deep ploughing measures; meanwhile, the machine can be used for large-scale mechanized operation, the manpower input is reduced, and the three-dimensional soil dressing efficiency of a plough layer is improved.
The farmland soil three-dimensional finishing machine comprises a rack, wherein two sides of the rack are respectively detachably fixed with a side plate, two ends of the rack are fixed with walking wheels, and the inner sides of the side plates of the rack are sequentially fixed with a mellow soil three-dimensional finishing mechanism, a raw soil three-dimensional finishing mechanism and a soil distribution paving mechanism from right to left. The mellow soil three-dimensional finishing mechanism comprises a mellow soil turning mechanism and a mellow soil shoveling mechanism, wherein the mellow soil turning mechanism turns a mellow soil layer so as to be convenient for the mellow soil shoveling mechanism to shovel the mellow soil; the raw soil stereoscopic arrangement mechanism comprises a raw soil turning mechanism and a raw soil shoveling mechanism, wherein the raw soil turning mechanism turns a raw soil layer, so that the raw soil shoveling mechanism can conveniently shovel raw soil; the soil distributing and paving mechanism comprises a conveying mechanism and is used for receiving the ripe soil and the raw soil which are shoveled and conveyed by the ripe soil three-dimensional arrangement mechanism and the raw soil three-dimensional arrangement mechanism and horizontally distributing and paving the received ripe soil and raw soil.
The mellow soil turning mechanism comprises a fixing plate, a first gearbox, a first end bearing plate and a mellow soil rotary tillage cutter shaft, the fixing plate is fixed at the top of the rack, the first gearbox and the first end bearing plate are respectively fixed at two sides of the fixing plate, one end of the mellow soil rotary tillage cutter shaft is hinged to the first end bearing plate, the other end of the mellow soil rotary tillage cutter shaft is inserted into the first gearbox and is meshed with the first gearbox, and a gear disc extends out of the top of the first gearbox. The mellow soil shoveling mechanism is arranged right behind the mellow soil turning cutter shaft and is convenient for shoveling the turned mellow soil layer, and the mellow soil shoveling mechanism is a mellow soil shoveling cylinder which is fixed at the bottom of the rack.
The soil rotary tillage mechanism fixing plate, second gearbox, second end carrier plate and soil rotary tillage arbor, the fixing plate is fixed in the frame top, and second gearbox and second end carrier plate are fixed in the both sides of fixing plate respectively, and the one end of soil rotary tillage arbor articulates on second end carrier plate and the other end inserts in the second gearbox and is connected with the meshing of second gearbox, and the top of second gearbox is stretched out and is had the toothed disc. The raw soil shoveling mechanism is arranged right behind the mellow soil turning cutter shaft and is convenient for shoveling the turned raw soil layer, the raw soil shoveling mechanism is a raw soil shoveling cylinder, and the raw soil shoveling cylinder is fixed at the bottom of the rack. The immature soil rotary tillage cutter shaft is positioned at the rear lower part of the mature soil rotary tillage cutter shaft, the rear end of the mature soil shovel cylinder laterally penetrates through the space above the immature soil rotary tillage cutter shaft and reaches the position right above the soil distribution and spreading mechanism, the rear end of the immature soil shovel cylinder is lifted and laterally reaches the position right above the soil distribution and spreading mechanism, and the mature soil shovel cylinder and the rear end of the immature soil shovel cylinder are horizontally arranged side by side.
Soil distribution mechanism of paving sets up in the left side of immature soil shovel section of thick bamboo and mellow soil shovel section of thick bamboo, soil distribution mechanism of paving includes fixed plate and transport mechanism, the both sides of fixed plate are fixed with third gearbox and third terminal carrier plate respectively, transport mechanism includes the gear roller axle, the rotation roller axle, articulated slab and conveyer belt, the articulated slab is fixed in the frame, the both ends of rotation roller axle articulate in the articulated slab of both sides, insert in the third gearbox after the articulated slab and be connected and pass articulated slab back with third gearbox meshing and the other end and articulate and be fixed in on the third terminal carrier plate, the top of third gearbox is stretched out and is had the toothed disc. The conveyer belt surrounds in gear roller axle and rotation roller axle outside, and the conveyer belt inboard is connected with gear roller axle interlock. And a partition plate is arranged between the hinged plates, the top of the partition plate is fixedly connected with the fixed plate, and the partition plate divides the conveying space of the conveying belt into a mellow soil conveying area and a raw soil conveying area.
In addition, a bandwidth adjusting plate can be fixed on the left side of the hinged plate and comprises two side plates, a bottom plate and an adjusting plate, the two side edges are fixed on the two sides of the bottom plate and are respectively and fixedly connected with the hinged plates on the two sides of the rotating roller shaft, the adjusting plate is a folded plate and is fixedly connected with the partition plate, a leakage-proof plate is fixed on the right side of the bottom plate, and the leakage-proof plate extends to the lower right side of the conveying belt.
In addition, a fixed plate is fixed on the rack above the soil distribution and paving mechanism, a discharging hopper is fixed on one side of the fixed plate, and materials for soil fertilization or soil ripening acceleration, such as straws, organic fertilizers, biological agents and the like can be placed in the discharging hopper.
Furthermore, mellow soil rotary tillage arbor and immature soil rotary tillage arbor comprise cylindrical axostylus axostyle and blade, and the one end of axostylus axostyle is smooth end, and this smooth section is the hinged end, and the other end of axostylus axostyle is the gear end, and this gear end is the meshing link end. The insertion grooves are distributed on the rod body of the shaft rod, the end parts of the blades are inserted into the insertion grooves and are fixed in the insertion grooves through fastening bolts, blades with different lengths can be conveniently replaced, the lengths of the replaced blades are different, the rotary tillage depths are different correspondingly, and meanwhile, the rotary tillage widths of raw soil and mellow soil can be adjusted through the arrangement of the blades
Furthermore, the first gearbox, the second gearbox and the third gearbox comprise a box body, a first transmission gear, a second transmission gear and a third transmission gear are sequentially and fixedly hinged to the box body from top to bottom, hinged gear discs on the first gearbox, the second gearbox and the third gearbox are all meshed with the first transmission gear, and meshed sections of the mellow soil rotary tillage cutter shaft, the immature soil rotary tillage cutter shaft and the gear roller shaft are all inserted into the box body and meshed with the third transmission gear.
Furthermore, the mellow soil shovel cylinder consists of a mellow soil shovel section, a mellow soil lifting section, a mellow soil gradual change section and a mellow soil unearthing section, the immature soil shovel cylinder consists of a raw soil shovel section, a raw soil lifting gradual change section and a raw soil unearthing section, and the mellow soil shovel section of the mellow soil shovel cylinder and the raw soil shovel section of the raw soil shovel cylinder are respectively arranged behind the mellow soil rotary tillage cutter shaft and the raw soil rotary tillage cutter shaft to shovel soil.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method can quickly increase the thickness of the plough layer in a short period, improve soil water storage and space water storage, increase soil fertility, improve the land fertility of cultivated land, promote the growth and the rolling of crop roots, enhance the stress of crops such as drought resistance, lodging resistance, soil impoverishment and disease and pest invasion resistance, improve the crop yield and the stability of the yield, and realize the quick, efficient and green reconstruction of middle and low yield fields.
2. The curing of the raw soil at the bottom layer can be promoted for a long time, the integral and long-term thickening and fertilizing of the plough layer are realized, and the soil fertility of the cultivated land is improved;
3. the ripe soil area is used for planting crops, the soil growing area is between crop planting rows, and the soil growing area has obvious inhibition effect on weeds between crop rows due to the fact that the plant growth suitability of the soil growing area is reduced;
4. the method has the advantages that the soil interflow of the plough layer of the gentle slope land is reduced, the rainwater interception and storage capacity of the slope land is improved, the land capacity of the mountain land is improved, the water and soil loss is reduced, the soil of the plough layer is protected, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the rainwater resource utilization capacity is improved, and the sustainable production of mountain agriculture is promoted;
5. the strip tillage can be organically combined, the application of the less tillage technology and the no tillage technology is promoted, and the popularization of the protective agriculture is improved;
6. the existing technologies of planting green manure, straw returning, organic fertilizer deep application and the like can be organically combined, and the organic fertilizer deep application and the bottom layer raw soil curing are promoted;
7. the machine achieves the purpose of three-dimensional soil preparation of farmland, can realize the curing of the raw soil at the bottom layer while increasing the thickness of a plough layer, and effectively prevents the problem of crop yield reduction caused by the reduction of the fertility of the mixed soil of the raw soil and the ripe soil due to the existing deep ploughing measures; meanwhile, the machine can be used for large-scale mechanized operation, the manpower input is reduced, and the three-dimensional soil dressing efficiency of a plough layer is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution and the features of the implement of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for three-dimensional soil preparation in a farm field;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a three-dimensional farmland soil finisher;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a three-dimensional farmland soil finisher without side plates;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a side view of a three-dimensional farmland soil conditioner;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the mature soil rotary tillage cutter shaft;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the first gearbox;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the construction of the mellow soil barrel;
FIG. 8 is a top view of the mellow soil barrel;
FIG. 9 is a front view of the mellow soil barrel;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the construction of the green soil shovel cylinder;
FIG. 11 is a top view of the green soil bucket;
FIG. 12 is a front view of the green soil bucket;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the structure of the transport mechanism;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the structure of the conveyor belt;
fig. 15 is a schematic top view of the bandwidth adjusting plate.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1-a frame, 2-a first gearbox, 3-a mellow soil stereoscopic dressing mechanism, 4-a first end bearing plate, 5-a mellow soil rotary tillage cutter shaft, 6-a second gearbox, 7-a raw soil stereoscopic dressing mechanism, 8-a second end bearing plate, 9-a raw soil rotary tillage cutter shaft, 10-a mellow soil shovel cylinder, 11-a raw soil shovel cylinder, 12-a conveying mechanism, 13-a third gearbox, 15-a blanking hopper, 16-a travelling wheel, 17-a shaft rod, 18-a gear end, 19-a splicing groove, 20-a blade, 21-a fastening bolt, 22-a first transmission gear, 23-a second transmission gear, 24-a third transmission gear, 25-a mellow soil shovel section, 26-a mellow soil gradual change section, 27-a mellow soil output section and 28-a raw soil shovel section, 29-raw soil lifting transition section, 30-raw soil discharging section, 31-hinged plate, 32-separation plate, 33-gear roller shaft, 34-rotating roller shaft, 35-meshing section, 36-bandwidth adjusting plate, 37-conveying belt, 38-side plate, 39-anti-leakage plate, 40-adjusting plate, 41-cooked soil paving through, 42-raw soil paving channel, 61-gear plate, 62-screw column and 63-side plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the core idea of the method for three-dimensional soil preparation of farmland proposed by the present invention is to three-dimensionally prepare a mature soil layer of one preparation zone and a raw soil layer of an adjacent preparation zone, thereby obtaining a mature soil zone or a thick mature soil zone (realizing plough layer thickening and surface layer mature soil aggregation) and a raw soil zone to be prepared which are horizontally distributed at intervals, wherein the mature soil zone is used as a crop planting area, and the raw soil zone is used as a crop row space, and the method can be realized by the following steps:
firstly, shoveling and collecting a mellow soil layer;
secondly, after the mellow soil layer is shoveled, the raw soil layer is exposed, and then the raw soil layer is shoveled and collected;
and thirdly, returning the mature soil and the raw soil collected in the first step and the second step to the grooves generated after the soil shoveling in the first two steps according to a horizontally alternate pattern to form mature soil belts and raw soil belts which are horizontally alternate, wherein the mature soil layer of the mature soil belts is thickened, the raw soil layer below the original mature soil layer is moved up to the ground surface, and the curing process is remarkably accelerated.
When returning the soil in the third step, materials such as straws, organic fertilizer, biological agent and the like can be added to realize the deep application and hilling of the organic fertilizer and accelerate the curing of raw soil.
And fourthly, planting the crops in the mature soil zone, and planting the plants with extremely barren soil, such as green manure crops, in the raw soil zone as the inter-row or inter-space crops. The absolute width and the relative width of the mature soil zone and the raw soil zone can be adjusted according to the type of crops, the thickness of the original mature soil layer, the soil fertility characteristics and the like.
And fifthly, before the soil in the raw soil zone is not matured to be suitable for the growth of the crops, the conventional soil cultivation before the crops are planted every year is only carried out on the matured soil zone, and the raw soil zone is free of tillage. And when the soil on the upper layer of the green soil zone is cured to be suitable for the growth of crops, replacing the cured soil on the upper layer of the green soil zone with the green soil on the lower layer according to a general plough layer vertical replacement method, and when the green soil of the whole green soil zone is cured to be suitable for the growth of crops, deeply ploughing and mixing the whole land parcel to realize the plough layer thickening and soil curing fertilization of the whole land parcel.
As shown in fig. 2-4, the implement for three-dimensional soil preparation of farmland comprises a frame 1, wherein two sides of the frame are provided with screw connection columns 62, a pair of side plates are respectively fixed on two sides of the frame in a threaded connection mode of a bolt and the screw connection columns 62, and the side plates 63 can prevent soil of adjacent preparation belts from collapsing and falling into an excavated groove when a mellow soil layer and a raw soil layer are shoveled; the front end of the side plate is wedge-shaped, so that the resistance in soil cutting is reduced. Two ends of the frame 1 are fixed with walking wheels 16, and the frame 1 is sequentially fixed with a mellow soil three-dimensional tidying mechanism 3, a raw soil three-dimensional tidying mechanism 7 and a soil distribution and paving mechanism from right to left. The mellow soil three-dimensional finishing mechanism 3 comprises a mellow soil turning mechanism and a mellow soil shoveling mechanism, wherein the mellow soil turning mechanism turns a mellow soil layer so as to be convenient for the mellow soil shoveling mechanism to shovel the mellow soil; the raw soil stereoscopic finishing mechanism 7 comprises a raw soil turning mechanism and a raw soil shoveling mechanism, wherein the raw soil turning mechanism turns a raw soil layer, so that the raw soil shoveling mechanism can conveniently shovel raw soil; the soil distributing and paving mechanism comprises a conveying mechanism 12 which is used for receiving the mellow soil and the immature soil which are shoveled and conveyed by the mellow soil three-dimensional arrangement mechanism and the immature soil three-dimensional arrangement mechanism and horizontally distributing and paving the received mellow soil and the immature soil.
The mellow soil turning mechanism comprises a fixing plate, a first gearbox 2, a first end bearing plate 4 and a mellow soil rotary tillage cutter shaft 5, the fixing plate is fixed at the top of the rack, the first gearbox 2 and the first end bearing plate 4 are respectively fixed at two sides of the fixing plate, one end of the mellow soil rotary tillage cutter shaft 5 is hinged to the first end bearing plate 4, the other end of the mellow soil rotary tillage cutter shaft is inserted into the first gearbox 2 and is meshed with the first gearbox 2, and a gear disc 61 extends out of the top of the first gearbox 2. The mellow soil shoveling mechanism is arranged right behind the mellow soil turning cutter shaft and is convenient for shoveling the turned mellow soil layer, the mellow soil shoveling mechanism is a mellow soil shoveling cylinder 10, and the mellow soil shoveling cylinder 10 is fixed at the bottom of the frame 1.
Native soil mechanism fixed plate, second gearbox 6, second end carrier plate 8 and native soil rotary tillage arbor 9 are ploughed to the native soil, and the fixed plate is fixed in the frame top, and second gearbox 6 and second end carrier plate 8 are fixed in the both sides of fixed plate respectively, and the one end of native soil rotary tillage arbor 9 articulates on second end carrier plate 8 and the other end inserts in second gearbox 6 and is connected with the meshing of second gearbox 6, and the top of second gearbox is stretched out there is toothed disc 61. The raw soil shoveling mechanism is arranged right behind the mellow soil turning cutter shaft 9 and is convenient for shoveling the turned raw soil layer, the raw soil shoveling mechanism is a raw soil shoveling cylinder 11, and the raw soil shoveling cylinder 11 is fixed at the bottom of the rack. The immature soil rotary tillage cutter shaft 9 is positioned below the rear part of the mature soil rotary tillage cutter shaft 5, the rear end of the mature soil shovel cylinder 10 laterally penetrates through the space above the immature soil rotary tillage cutter shaft 9 and reaches the position right above the soil distribution and paving mechanism, the rear end of the immature soil shovel cylinder 10 is lifted and laterally reaches the position right above the soil distribution and paving mechanism, and the rear ends of the mature soil shovel cylinder 10 and the immature soil shovel cylinder 11 are horizontally arranged side by side.
As shown in fig. 13-15, the soil distributing and spreading mechanism is disposed at the left side of the raw soil shovel cylinder 10 and the mellow soil shovel cylinder 11, the soil distributing and spreading mechanism includes a fixing plate and a conveying mechanism, a third gear box 13 and a third end bearing plate are respectively fixed at two sides of the fixing plate, the conveying mechanism 12 includes a gear roller shaft 33, a rotating roller shaft 34, a hinge plate 31 and a conveying belt 37, the hinge plate 31 is fixed on the frame 1, two ends of the rotating roller shaft 34 are hinged to the hinge plate 31 at two sides, an engaging section 35 of the gear roller shaft 33 is inserted into the third gear box 13 and engaged with the third gear box 13, and the other end of the engaging section passes through the hinge plate 31 and then is hinged to the third end bearing plate. The belt 37 is wrapped around the gear roller shaft 33 and the turning roller shaft 34, and the inside of the belt 37 is engaged with the gear roller shaft. A partition plate 32 is arranged between the hinge plates, the top of the partition plate 32 is fixedly connected with the fixed plate, and the partition plate 32 divides the conveying space of the conveyor belt into a mellow soil conveying area and a raw soil conveying area.
In addition, a fixed plate is fixed on the rack above the soil distribution and paving mechanism, a blanking hopper 15 is fixed on one side of the fixed plate, materials such as straws, organic fertilizers and biological agents can be stored in the blanking hopper 15, the materials in the blanking hopper can fall into a conveying area to be mixed with soil, and the deep application of the organic fertilizers or the curing process of raw soil is accelerated.
As shown in fig. 5, each of the mature soil rotary tillage cutter shaft 5 and the immature soil rotary tillage cutter shaft 9 is composed of a cylindrical shaft rod 17 and a blade 20, one end of the shaft rod 17 is a smooth end, the smooth section is a hinged end, the other end of the shaft rod is a gear end 18, and the gear end 18 is a meshed connecting end. The body of the mandrel 17 is provided with an inserting groove 19, and the end part of the blade 20 is inserted into the inserting groove and fixed in the inserting groove through a fastening bolt 21, so that blades with different lengths can be conveniently replaced.
As shown in fig. 5, the first gearbox, the second gearbox and the third gearbox include a box body, the box body is hinged and fixed with a first transmission gear, a second transmission gear and a third transmission gear from top to bottom, hinged gear discs on the first gearbox, the second gearbox and the third gearbox are all meshed and connected with the first transmission gear, and the end parts of the mellow soil rotary tillage cutter shaft, the fresh soil rotary tillage cutter shaft and the gear roller shaft are all inserted into the box body and meshed with the third transmission gear.
As shown in fig. 7 to 9, the mellow soil barrel 10 is composed of a mellow soil shoveling section 25, a mellow soil lifting section, a mellow soil gradual change section 26 and a mellow soil discharging section 27, the immature soil barrel is composed of a raw soil shoveling section 28, a raw soil lifting gradual change section 29 and a raw soil discharging section 30, and the mellow soil shoveling section of the mellow soil barrel and the raw soil shoveling section of the raw soil barrel are respectively arranged behind the mellow soil rotary tillage cutter shaft 5 and the raw soil rotary tillage cutter shaft 9 for shoveling soil.
As shown in fig. 10-12, a band width adjusting plate 36 may be fixed to the left side of the hinge plate, the band width adjusting plate 36 is composed of two side plates 38, a bottom plate 39 and an adjusting plate 40, the two side plates 38 are fixed to the two sides of the bottom plate and are fixedly connected to the hinge plates 31 at the two sides of the rotating roller shaft, respectively, the adjusting plate 40 is a folded plate and is fixedly connected to the partition plate 32, the folded plate partitions the space of the bottom plate into a mature soil paving channel 41 and a raw soil paving channel 42, a leakage preventing plate 39 is fixed to the right side of the bottom plate, and the leakage preventing plate 39 extends to the lower right of the conveyor belt.
The working principle of the machine is as follows: the machine tool is hung at the tail part of the tractor head, gear discs of the first gearbox, the second gearbox and the third gearbox are meshed and connected with a rotating shaft of a diesel engine for driving the tractor head by using a conveying belt, and the diesel engine is used for providing power for rotation of the ripe soil rotary tillage cutter shaft 5, the raw soil rotary tillage cutter shaft 9 and the gear roll shaft 33. When the rotating shaft of the diesel engine rotates, the gear disc 61 transmits power step by step through the first transmission gear, the second transmission gear and the third transmission gear, the third transmission gear 24 drives the mellow soil rotary tillage cutter shaft 5 which is meshed and connected with the third transmission gear to rotate, and blades on the mellow soil rotary tillage cutter shaft 5 perform rotary tillage and soil loosening on a mellow soil layer. In the process that the machine tool moves forward along with the driving headstock, the mellow soil shovel barrel 10 behind the mellow soil rotary tillage cutter shaft carries out shoveling operation on a rotary tilled mellow soil layer, the mellow soil enters from the mellow soil shovel barrel 10 and falls from a mellow soil discharging section of the mellow soil shovel barrel 10 under the pushing of subsequent mellow soil, the mellow soil falls onto a conveyor belt 37 of a conveying mechanism, a partition plate 32 divides a conveying space of the conveyor belt into a mellow soil conveying area and a immature soil conveying area, the mellow soil conveying area is aligned with the mellow soil discharging section 27 to ensure that the mellow soil falls into the mellow soil conveying area, the mellow soil is conveyed to a mellow soil paving channel 41 of a bandwidth adjusting plate 36 through the conveyor belt 37 and falls into a groove dug by the mellow soil shovel barrel 10 after being adjusted by the width of the adjusting plate 40 to form a mellow soil belt
Similarly, the second gearbox 8 transfers power step by step through the first transmission gear, the second transmission gear and the third transmission gear, the third transmission gear 24 drives the raw soil rotary blade shaft 9 which is meshed with the third transmission gear to rotate, blades on the raw soil rotary blade shaft 9 carry out rotary tillage and soil loosening on the exposed raw soil layer, in the process that the machine tool moves forward along with the driving headstock, the raw soil shovel barrel 11 behind the raw soil rotary blade shaft carries out shoveling operation on the rotary-tilled raw soil layer, the raw soil enters from the raw soil shovel barrel 11 and falls into a raw soil conveying area after being pushed by subsequent raw soil, the raw soil reaches the raw soil paving channel 44 of the bandwidth adjusting plate 36 through the conveying belt 37 and falls into a groove dug by the raw soil shovel barrel 11 after being adjusted by the width of the adjusting plate 40 to form a raw soil belt. A discharging hopper 15 is fixed above the raw soil conveying area, cured materials in the discharging hopper can fall into the conveying area and are mixed with soil, the mixing mode is more uniform, and the mixing is more sufficient.
Before the soil in the raw soil zone is not matured to be suitable for the growth of crops, the conventional soil cultivation before the crops are planted every year is only carried out on the matured soil zone, and the raw soil zone is free of tillage. When the upper soil of the green soil zone is cured to be suitable for crop growth, replacing the upper cured soil and the lower green soil of the green soil zone according to a general plough layer vertical replacement method, and assisting with measures of deep burying of organic materials such as straws and the like to accelerate curing of the green soil layer, and when the green soil of the whole green soil zone is cured to be suitable for crop growth, deep-turning mixing of a complete land block is carried out, so that thickening and soil curing of the whole plough layer are realized.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A farmland soil three-dimensional finishing machine is characterized by comprising a frame, wherein two sides of the frame are fixed with detachable side plates, two ends of the frame are fixed with walking wheels, the inner sides of the side plates of the frame are sequentially fixed with a mellow soil three-dimensional finishing mechanism, a raw soil three-dimensional finishing mechanism and a soil distribution and paving mechanism from right to left, wherein,
the mellow soil three-dimensional finishing mechanism comprises a mellow soil turning mechanism and a mellow soil shoveling mechanism, wherein the mellow soil turning mechanism turns a mellow soil layer so as to be convenient for the mellow soil shoveling mechanism to shovel the mellow soil;
the raw soil stereoscopic arrangement mechanism comprises a raw soil turning mechanism and a raw soil shoveling mechanism, wherein the raw soil turning mechanism turns a raw soil layer, so that the raw soil shoveling mechanism can conveniently shovel raw soil;
the soil distribution and paving mechanism comprises a conveying mechanism and a soil distribution and paving mechanism, wherein the conveying mechanism is used for receiving the ripe soil and the raw soil which are shoveled and conveyed by the ripe soil three-dimensional arrangement mechanism and the raw soil three-dimensional arrangement mechanism and horizontally distributing and paving the received ripe soil and raw soil;
the mellow soil turning mechanism comprises a fixed plate, a first gearbox, a first end bearing plate and a mellow soil rotary tillage cutter shaft, the fixed plate is fixed at the top of the rack, the first gearbox and the first end bearing plate are respectively fixed at two sides of the fixed plate, one end of the mellow soil rotary tillage cutter shaft is hinged to the first end bearing plate, the other end of the mellow soil rotary tillage cutter shaft is inserted into the first gearbox and is meshed with the first gearbox, a gear disc extends out of the top of the first gearbox, the mellow soil shoveling mechanism is arranged right behind the mellow soil turning cutter shaft and is convenient for shoveling a ploughed mellow soil layer, the mellow soil shoveling mechanism is a mellow soil shoveling cylinder, and the mellow soil shoveling cylinder is fixed at the bottom of the rack;
the raw soil turning mechanism comprises a fixed plate, a second gearbox, a second end bearing plate and a raw soil rotary tillage cutter shaft, the fixed plate is fixed at the top of the rack, the second gearbox and the second end bearing plate are respectively fixed at two sides of the fixed plate, one end of the raw soil rotary tillage cutter shaft is hinged to the second end bearing plate, the other end of the raw soil rotary tillage cutter shaft is inserted into the second gearbox and is meshed with the second gearbox, and a gear disc extends out of the top of the second gearbox; the raw soil shoveling mechanism is arranged right behind the mellow soil turning cutter shaft and is convenient for shoveling the turned raw soil layer, the raw soil shoveling mechanism is a raw soil shoveling cylinder, and the raw soil shoveling cylinder is fixed at the bottom of the rack; the immature soil rotary tillage cutter shaft is positioned below the rear part of the mature soil rotary tillage cutter shaft, the rear end of the mature soil shovel cylinder laterally penetrates through the space above the immature soil rotary tillage cutter shaft and reaches the position right above the soil distribution and spreading mechanism, the rear end of the immature soil shovel cylinder is lifted and laterally reaches the position right above the soil distribution and spreading mechanism, and the rear ends of the mature soil shovel cylinder and the immature soil shovel cylinder are horizontally arranged side by side;
the soil distributing and spreading mechanism is arranged on the left sides of the raw soil shovel cylinder and the mellow soil shovel cylinder and comprises a fixing plate and a conveying mechanism, a third gearbox and a third end bearing plate are respectively fixed on two sides of the fixing plate, the conveying mechanism comprises a gear roll shaft, a rotating roll shaft, a hinged plate and a conveying belt, the hinged plate is fixed on the rack, two ends of the rotating roll shaft are hinged to the hinged plates on two sides, one end of the gear roll shaft penetrates through the hinged plate and then is inserted into the third gearbox and is connected with the third gearbox in a meshing mode, and the other end of the gear roll shaft penetrates through the hinged plate and then is hinged to the third end bearing plate; the conveying belt surrounds the gear roll shaft and the rotating roll shaft, and the inner side of the conveying belt is meshed and connected with the gear roll shaft; and a partition plate is arranged between the hinged plates, the top of the partition plate is fixedly connected with the fixed plate, and the partition plate divides the conveying space of the conveying belt into a mellow soil conveying area and a raw soil conveying area.
2. The stereoscopic farmland soil finishing machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein a band width adjusting plate is fixable at a left side of the hinged plate, and the band width adjusting plate is composed of two side plates, a bottom plate and an adjusting plate, the two side plates are fixed at two sides of the bottom plate and are respectively fixedly connected with the hinged plates at two sides of the rotating roller shaft, the adjusting plate is a folded plate and is fixedly connected with the partition plate, a leakage preventing plate is fixed at a right side of the bottom plate, and the leakage preventing plate extends to a lower right side of the conveyor belt.
3. The stereoscopic farmland soil finishing machine as claimed in claim 2, wherein a fixed plate is fixed on the frame above the soil distribution and spreading mechanism, a discharge hopper is fixed on one side of the fixed plate, and straw, organic fertilizer or biological agent is placed in the discharge hopper.
4. A three-dimensional farmland soil finishing machine as claimed in claim 3, wherein each of the mature soil rotary tillage cutter shaft and the raw soil rotary tillage cutter shaft is composed of a cylindrical shaft rod and a blade, one end of the shaft rod is a smooth end which is a hinged end, the other end of the shaft rod is a gear end which is a meshed connecting end, the rod body of the shaft rod is provided with an insertion groove, and the end of the blade is inserted into the insertion groove and fixed in the insertion groove by a fastening bolt.
5. A farmland soil three-dimensional finishing machine as claimed in claim 4, wherein the first gearbox, the second gearbox and the third gearbox comprise a box body, the box body is sequentially and fixedly hinged with a first transmission gear, a second transmission gear and a third transmission gear from top to bottom, the hinged gear disks on the first, second and third gearboxes are all meshed with the first transmission gear, and the end parts of the mellow soil rotary tillage cutter shaft, the immature soil rotary tillage cutter shaft and the gear roller shaft are all inserted into the box body and meshed with the third transmission gear.
6. The stereoscopic farmland soil finishing machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mellow soil shoveling mechanism and the raw soil shoveling mechanism respectively comprise a mellow soil shoveling cylinder and a raw soil shoveling cylinder, the mellow soil shoveling cylinder comprises a mellow soil shoveling section, a mellow soil lifting section, a mellow soil gradual change section and a mellow soil unearthing section, the raw soil shoveling cylinder comprises a raw soil shoveling section, a raw soil lifting gradual change section and a raw soil unearthing section, and the mellow soil shoveling section of the mellow soil shoveling cylinder and the raw soil shoveling section of the raw soil shoveling cylinder are respectively arranged behind the mellow soil rotary tillage cutter shaft and the raw soil rotary tillage cutter shaft to carry out shoveling operation.
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| CN201911353136.XA CN111010904B (en) | 2019-12-25 | 2019-12-25 | Three-dimensional soil dressing machine for farmland |
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| CN201911353136.XA CN111010904B (en) | 2019-12-25 | 2019-12-25 | Three-dimensional soil dressing machine for farmland |
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| CN114430952A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-05-06 | 山西智德生态环保股份有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil treatment method |
| CN115119560B (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2024-01-09 | 山东省农业机械科学研究院 | Conveying device and soil layer replacement machinery |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109257987A (en) * | 2018-08-19 | 2019-01-25 | 盐城师范学院 | Arid and semi-arid lands salt-soda soil dry type desalination and efficient technique of rainwater utilization scheme |
| CN110036715A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-23 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Crop material or green manure crop, which are cut, concentrates ditch to bury returning to the field method and relevant device |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109257987A (en) * | 2018-08-19 | 2019-01-25 | 盐城师范学院 | Arid and semi-arid lands salt-soda soil dry type desalination and efficient technique of rainwater utilization scheme |
| CN110036715A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-23 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Crop material or green manure crop, which are cut, concentrates ditch to bury returning to the field method and relevant device |
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