CN109804880A - It is a kind of improve flue-cured tobacco phenylalanine content cultivation and baking method - Google Patents
It is a kind of improve flue-cured tobacco phenylalanine content cultivation and baking method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultivation for improving flue-cured tobacco phenylalanine content and baking method, the cultural method includes transplanting tobacco seedlings, tillage and weeding and gradually ridging, gradually top dressing；Baking method is the following steps are included: harvesting, volume pole, shove charge, baking: the tobacco leaf after shove charge being toasted, the tobacco leaf by changing yellow stage, fixation stage and drying muscle stage, after baking can be obtained.On the one hand method of the invention passes through control tobacco leaf amount of nitrogen in cultivation step, effectively improve the synthesis of phenylalanine content in tobacco leaf；On the other hand pass through regulation baking time, optimize baking process, make a large amount of metabolic conversions of phenylalanine in tobacco leaf, generate the phenylalanines class flavor matters such as benzyl alcohol, benzyl carbinol, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, to increase the perfume quantity of baking tobacco leaves, raw tobacco material quality is improved, is of great significance to cigarette fragrance aspect is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to flue-cured tobacco cultivations and baking technology field, and in particular to a kind of cultivation for improving flue-cured tobacco phenylalanine content
Training and baking method.
Background technique
Free amino acid is one of important organic substance of tobacco, they are not only involved in the synthesis of protein, is alternatively arranged as being permitted
The precursor that thickness leaf flavor matter generates, largely affects quality of tobacco and flavor, wherein phenylalanine is tobacco leaf
In important Neutral Aroma Constituents benzyl alcohol, benzyl carbinol etc. precursor.The metabolic conversion of phenylalanine is to influence perfume in tobacco leaf
One of significant process of taste, metabolite such as benzyl alcohol, benzyl carbinol, benzaldehyde, the phenylacetaldehyde of phenylalanine are contents in tobacco
One of more rich flavor component.Phenylalanine class flavor matter has desirable influence to tobacco aroma, especially to flue-cured tobacco
Fruity, faint scent contribution it is maximum.Benzyl alcohol has the weak fragrance of a flower, and benzyl carbinol is dissipated with pungent fragrant, nut perfume and Rose Essentielle, benzaldehyde
It sends out almond perfume (or spice) and cherry is fragrant, phenylacetaldehyde has soap and burnt odor.Phenylalanine class flavor matter assigns the special fragrance of tobacco leaf,
It is very helpful to improve tobacco flavor aspect.
Cultivation step and baking technology directly affect the synthesis and conversion of phenylalanine content, wherein nitrogen in cultivation step
Level is principal element；Baking process (temperature, humidity and time) is dominant factor in baking technology.It is mentioned for this purpose, researching and developing one kind
The cultivation of high flue-cured tobacco phenylalanine content and baking method increase the synthesis of phenylalanine, in dense drying in cultivation fertilising
In significantly improve the synthesis of tobacco leaf phenylalanine class flavor matter, to improve cigarette flavor, raw tobacco material quality is improved, to guarantor
The offer of barrier sound tobacco raw material is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultivation for improving flue-cured tobacco phenylalanine content and baking methods.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, comprising the following steps:
1) cultural method: including transplanting tobacco seedlings, tillage and weeding and gradually ridging, gradually top dressing.
A, tobacco seedlings are transplanted: transplanting preceding cave basal dressing in tobacco seedlings, transplantation of seedlings then will be transplanted into the pool, and pour root water；
B, tillage and weeding is with gradually ridging: 2-3 tillage and weeding is carried out after tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field and in tillage and weeding process
In gradually ridging to ridging complete；
C, gradually top dressing: dedicated multiple using tobacco in stepb after the first time tillage and weeding and second of tillage and weeding
Hefei carries out top dressing；Other field management are implemented by the local High Quality Tobacco production technology measures recommended；
2) it baking method: including harvesting, compiling pole, shove charge, baking, is toasted using seven step formula bakings；
A, it harvests: harvesting the fresh tobacco leaf of flue-cured tobacco of proper mature (ripe)；
B, pole, shove charge are compiled: the tobacco leaf of harvesting being subjected to volume pole, and is packed into barn, it is to be baked；
C, it toasts: the tobacco leaf after shove charge is toasted, by changing yellow stage, fixation stage and drying muscle stage, after baking can be obtained
Tobacco leaf, in which:
The changing yellow stage includes flavescence initial stage, flavescence mid-term and turns yellow the later period, and flavescence initial stage is the heating speed with 1.5 DEG C/h
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 35 ~ 36 DEG C by 25 ~ 26 DEG C by rate, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted by 26 ~ 27 DEG C to 33 ~ 34 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet bulb
Temperature, baking 22 ~ for 24 hours；Flavescence mid-term is subsequently entered, with the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/h, by dry-bulb temperature liter in 6 ~ 8h or so
To 38 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 35 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 18 ~ 20h, is baked bottom stage tobacco leaf and turn yellow completely；It connects
Enter the later period that turns yellow and with the heating rate of 2 DEG C/h dry-bulb temperature risen to 42 ~ 43 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 36 DEG C, surely
Fixed dry, wet-bulb temperature toasts 20 ~ 22h, bakes bottom stage tobacco leaf and turns yellow that (phenylalanine content is in temperature during dense drying completely
38 ~ 42 DEG C of the biggest drop are spent, by increasing flavescence mid-term to the heating rate in the later period that turns yellow, reduce the conversion ratio of phenylalanine)；
The fixation stage includes Earlier stage of fixing color, fixation mid-term and fixation later period, fixation initial stage be with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/2h,
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 46 ~ 48 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 36 ~ 37 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 24 ~ 26h, is baked to top
Platform tobacco leaf turns yellow completely, and (phenylalanine content is in 42 ~ 46 DEG C of amplification maximums of temperature during dense drying, after slowing down flavescence
Phase to the heating rate of Earlier stage of fixing color, makes phenylalanine sufficiently be decomposed into the phenylpropyl alcohols such as benzyl alcohol, benzyl carbinol, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde
Propylhomoserin class flavor matter)；Fixation mid-term is subsequently entered, with the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/1 ~ 2h, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 54 ~ 56
DEG C, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 38 ~ 39 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 14 ~ 15h, is baked the complete flavescence of full barn tobacco leaf；
The fixation later period rises to 59 ~ 62 DEG C with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/1 ~ 2h, by dry-bulb temperature, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 38 ~ 40 DEG C, stablizes
Dry, wet-bulb temperature toasts 15 ~ 17h, and offshoot and the mesophyll for baking full barn tobacco leaf are dry；
The drying muscle stage is to burn high fire, big hydrofuge, with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/1h, by dry bulb before 60 DEG C of dry-bulb temperature
Temperature rises to 67 DEG C, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 40 ~ 42 DEG C, then stablizes dry-bulb temperature at 67 ~ 68 DEG C, toasts 20 ~ 30h, surely
Fixed dry, wet-bulb temperature, is baked until the master pulse of full barn tobacco leaf is dry.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, on the one hand method of the invention passes through control tobacco leaf amount of nitrogen in cultivation step, effectively improves phenylalanine in tobacco leaf and contains
The synthesis of amount；On the other hand by regulation baking time, optimize baking process, make a large amount of metabolic conversions of phenylalanine in tobacco leaf,
The phenylalanines class flavor matters such as benzyl alcohol, benzyl carbinol, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde are generated, thus increase the perfume quantity of baking tobacco leaves,
Raw tobacco material quality is improved, is of great significance to cigarette fragrance aspect is improved.
2, the method that the present invention stores the small transplantation of seedlings of formula using well, flue-cured tobacco root activity significantly improve, and are conducive to tobacco seedlings also seedling
With take root, and improve flue-cured tobacco Aboveground dry biomass, root amount of dry matter and total solid yield.
3, the present invention for the first time intertillage effectively abolish it is hardened, keep a full stand of seedings, remove weeds；Second of intertillage effectively soil moisture conservation promotees
Root is conducive to draining, ridging weeding；Third time intertills effective loose soil layer, abolishes hardened, weeding guarantor root, reduction water consumption；Three
Top dressing can significantly improve absorption of the tobacco leaf root system to nutrient in soil after secondary intertillage ridging, achieve the purpose that Tree Precise Fertilization, thus
Improve the synthetic quantity of phenylalanine in tobacco leaf.
4, method of the invention is toasted by the optimum organization of control epidemic disaster and baking time, it is therefore an objective to be mentioned
The synthesis of high tobacco leaf phenylalanine class flavor matter improves raw tobacco material quality to improve cigarette flavor.
5, flavescence mid-term of the present invention is accelerated to be 2 DEG C/h to later period heating rate is turned yellow by 1 DEG C original/1 ~ 2h, by dry bulb
Temperature rises to 42 ~ 43 DEG C, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 36 DEG C, stable dry, wet-bulb temperature, 20 ~ 22h of baking, during dense drying
Phenylalanine content reduces benzene by increasing flavescence mid-term to the heating rate in the later period that turns yellow in 38 ~ 42 DEG C of the biggest drop of temperature
The conversion ratio of alanine；It is 1 DEG C/2h that Earlier stage of fixing color heating rate is slowed down by original 1 DEG C/1 ~ 2h, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 46 ~
48 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 36 ~ 37 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, toasts 24 ~ 26h, phenylalanine during dense drying
Content keeps phenylalanine abundant in 42 ~ 46 DEG C of amplification maximums of temperature by slowing down the later period that turns yellow to the heating rate of Earlier stage of fixing color
It is decomposed into the phenylalanines class flavor matter such as benzyl alcohol, benzyl carbinol, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde.By adjusting flavescence mid-term, later period with
And Earlier stage of fixing color baking time, whole duration of toasting do not change.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but the present invention is limited in any way,
Based on present invention teach that it is made it is any transform or replace, all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
It is of the present invention reduce flue-cured tobacco lysine content cultivation and adopt roasting method, comprising the following steps:
1) cultural method: including transplanting tobacco seedlings, tillage and weeding and gradually ridging, gradually top dressing.
A, tobacco seedlings are transplanted: transplanting preceding cave basal dressing in tobacco seedlings, transplantation of seedlings then will be transplanted into the pool, and pour root water；
B, tillage and weeding is with gradually ridging: 2-3 tillage and weeding is carried out after tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field and in tillage and weeding process
In gradually ridging to ridging complete；
C, gradually top dressing: dedicated multiple using tobacco in stepb after the first time tillage and weeding and second of tillage and weeding
Hefei carries out top dressing；Other field management are implemented by the local High Quality Tobacco production technology measures recommended；
2) it baking method: including harvesting, compiling pole, shove charge, baking, is toasted using seven step formula bakings；
A, it harvests: harvesting the fresh tobacco leaf of flue-cured tobacco of proper mature (ripe)；
B, pole, shove charge are compiled: the tobacco leaf of harvesting being subjected to volume pole, and is packed into barn, it is to be baked；
C, it toasts: the tobacco leaf after shove charge is toasted, by changing yellow stage, fixation stage and drying muscle stage, after baking can be obtained
Tobacco leaf, in which:
The changing yellow stage includes flavescence initial stage, flavescence mid-term and turns yellow the later period, and flavescence initial stage is the heating speed with 1.5 DEG C/h
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 35 ~ 36 DEG C by 25 ~ 26 DEG C by rate, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted by 26 ~ 27 DEG C to 33 ~ 34 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet bulb
Temperature, baking 22 ~ for 24 hours；Flavescence mid-term is subsequently entered, with the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/h, by dry-bulb temperature liter in 6 ~ 8h or so
To 38 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 35 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 18 ~ 20h, is baked bottom stage tobacco leaf and turn yellow completely；It connects
Enter the later period that turns yellow and with the heating rate of 2 DEG C/h dry-bulb temperature risen to 42 ~ 43 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 36 DEG C, surely
Fixed dry, wet-bulb temperature toasts 20 ~ 22h, bakes bottom stage tobacco leaf and turns yellow that (phenylalanine content is in temperature during dense drying completely
38 ~ 42 DEG C of the biggest drop are spent, by increasing flavescence mid-term to the heating rate in the later period that turns yellow, reduce the conversion ratio of phenylalanine)；
The fixation stage includes Earlier stage of fixing color, fixation mid-term and fixation later period, fixation initial stage be with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/2h,
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 46 ~ 48 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 36 ~ 37 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 24 ~ 26h, is baked to top
Platform tobacco leaf turns yellow completely, and (phenylalanine content is in 42 ~ 46 DEG C of amplification maximums of temperature during dense drying, after slowing down flavescence
Phase to the heating rate of Earlier stage of fixing color, makes phenylalanine sufficiently be decomposed into the phenylpropyl alcohols such as benzyl alcohol, benzyl carbinol, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde
Propylhomoserin class flavor matter)；Fixation mid-term is subsequently entered, with the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/1 ~ 2h, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 54 ~ 56
DEG C, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 38 ~ 39 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 14 ~ 15h, is baked the complete flavescence of full barn tobacco leaf；
The fixation later period rises to 59 ~ 62 DEG C with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/1 ~ 2h, by dry-bulb temperature, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 38 ~ 40 DEG C, stablizes
Dry, wet-bulb temperature toasts 15 ~ 17h, and offshoot and the mesophyll for baking full barn tobacco leaf are dry；
The drying muscle stage is to burn high fire, big hydrofuge, with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/1h, by dry bulb before 60 DEG C of dry-bulb temperature
Temperature rises to 67 DEG C, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 40 ~ 42 DEG C, then stablizes dry-bulb temperature at 67 ~ 68 DEG C, toasts 20 ~ 30h, surely
Fixed dry, wet-bulb temperature, is baked until the master pulse of full barn tobacco leaf is dry.
Further, base manure described in the step A of cultural method is tobacco compound fertilizer 350-400kg/hm2, calcium and magnesium phosphorus
200 ~ 275kg/hm of fertilizer2；The root water is 1.5-2.0L/ plants.
Further, method for transplanting described in the step A of cultural method is that well stores the small transplantation of seedlings of formula, and the transplanting is close
Degree is 1100-1300 plants/acre, and transplanting time is 15-April of April 30.
Further, tillage and weeding described in the step B of cultural method specifically includes:
S1, first time tillage and weeding, it is shallow to uproot 2.5-4.5cm around cigarette strain, only broken at nearly seedling land for building do not dig, motionless seedling body, connect
Carry out ridging ridging operation, ridge body and furrow are advisable with 7-8cm；
S2, second of tillage and weeding, in the ranks deep hoe 10-15cm, intertills depth 6-8cm between strain, and hoe is saturating, hoe is even, is then risen
Ridge ridging operation, makes ridge face be higher by first time ridging 21-25cm；
S3, third time tillage and weeding, shallow to uproot 5-6cm around cigarette strain, root system is not hurt in guarantee, is then carried out ridging ridging operation, is made
Ridge face is higher by second of ridging 7-8cm.
Further, ridging ridging operation selection carries out in 2 days after the rain or after irrigating, but in annual rainfall
The drought area of≤400mm need to carry out for 4-6 days in advance than other areas.
Further, first time tillage and weeding described in the step B of cultural method is 12-15 days after tobacco seedlings transplanting；The
Secondary tillage and weeding is 28-30 days after transplanting；Third time tillage and weeding is 10-15 days after second of intertillage.
Further, the topdressing amount after first time tillage and weeding described in the step C of cultural method is 200-220 kg/
hm2, the topdressing amount after second of tillage and weeding is 220-240 kg/hm2, the Special compound fertilizer for tobacco is N: P2O5:
K2O = 12.5 : 0 : 33.5。
Further, include effective leaves remained 18-20 in field management described in the step C of cultural method, smear in time
Wooden fork cultivates line-spacing × spacing in the rows=cm of 110 cm × 60.
Further, fresh tobacco leaf described in the step A of baking method is flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hongda tobacco, K326, cloud and mist
87, Yun yan85 is any one or more of.
Further, the fresh tobacco leaf is that cigarette strain inferior leads, middle leaf, upper leaf are any one or more of.
Further, the blade face for being embodied in tobacco leaf of the proper mature (ripe) falls Huang, and the full white hair of master pulse is bright, and offshoot bleaches,
Blade tip, leaf margin last volume, blade face corrugation, have mature spot, and fine hair largely falls off, and cauline leaf angle increases.
Further, the principle that pole is compiled described in the step B of baking method is same pole homogeneity, and same position is dilute close appropriate.
Further, the principle of the shove charge is same furnace homogeneity, and dress is filled.
Further, described in the step B of baking method by tobacco leaf be packed into barn be specially in barn according to 7 ~
8kg/ pole, density are 48 ~ 52kg/m3Dress cigarette is carried out, dress cigarette principle is that low-temperature region fills 1 ~ 2 pole relative to smoke filling density less, high
Temperature area fills 1-2 pole relative to smoke filling density more.
Further, the barn is rising-type bulk curing barn.
Further, the heating rate in flavescence mid-term described in the step C of baking method to the later period that turns yellow is 2 DEG C/h,
20 ~ 22h of heating-up time.
Further, the heating rate of later period to Earlier stage of fixing color of turning yellow in the step C of baking method is 1 DEG C/2h, when heating
Between be 24 ~ 26h.
Embodiment 1
It is a kind of improve flue-cured tobacco phenylalanine content cultivation and baking method, comprising the following steps:
1) cultural method: using gradually Root growth method, specific steps include basal dressing, transplanting tobacco seedlings, tillage and weeding with gradually
Ridging, gradually top dressing.
A, tobacco seedlings are transplanted: transplanting preceding cave in tobacco seedlings and applies tobacco compound fertilizer 350kg/hm2, calcium magnesium phosphate 200kg/hm2As base
Then fertilizer will transplant transplantation of seedlings into the pool, and pour 1.5L/ plants of root water；
B, tillage and weeding is with gradually ridging: 2 tillage and weedings is carried out after tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field and during tillage and weeding
Gradually ridging to ridging is completed.It specifically includes:
1) intertill for the first time, it is shallow to uproot 2.5cm around cigarette strain, only broken at nearly seedling land for building do not dig, motionless seedling body, then carry out ridging
Ridging operation, ridge body and furrow are advisable with 7cm；
2) second of intertillage, in the ranks deep hoe 10cm, intertills depth 6cm between strain, and hoe is saturating, hoe is even, then carries out ridging ridging operation,
Ridge face is set to be higher by first time ridging 21cm；
C, it gradually top dressing: after first time intertillage is intertilled with second in stepb, is carried out using Special compound fertilizer for tobacco
Top dressing, first time topdressing amount are 200 kg/hm2, second of topdressing amount is 220kg/hm2.Field management is high-quality by local recommendation
Cigarette production technology measures are implemented.
2) baking method: specific steps include harvesting, compile pole, shove charge, baking, are toasted using seven step formula bakings.
A, it harvests: harvesting the fresh tobacco leaf of flue-cured tobacco of proper mature (ripe)；The fresh tobacco leaf is flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hongda tobacco.Described is fresh
Tobacco leaf is cigarette strain inferior leads.The blade face for being embodied in tobacco leaf of the proper mature (ripe) falls Huang, and the full white hair of master pulse is bright, and offshoot bleaches,
Blade tip, leaf margin last volume, blade face corrugation, have mature spot, and fine hair largely falls off, and cauline leaf angle increases.
B, pole, shove charge are compiled: the tobacco leaf of harvesting being subjected to volume pole, and is packed into barn, it is to be baked；The principle of the volume pole is
With pole homogeneity, same position is dilute close appropriate.The principle of the shove charge is same furnace homogeneity, and dress is filled.Described is packed into tobacco leaf
Barn is specially in barn according to 7kg/ pole, density 48kg/m3Dress cigarette is carried out, dress cigarette principle is low-temperature region relative to dress
Smoke density fills 1 pole less, and high-temperature area fills 1 pole relative to smoke filling density more.The barn is rising-type bulk curing barn.
C, it toasts: the tobacco leaf after shove charge being toasted, by changing yellow stage, fixation stage and drying muscle stage, baking can be obtained
Tobacco leaf afterwards, in which:
The changing yellow stage includes flavescence initial stage, flavescence mid-term and turns yellow the later period, and flavescence initial stage is the heating speed with 1.5 DEG C/h
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 35 DEG C by 25 DEG C by rate, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted by 26 DEG C to 33 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, baking is for 24 hours
；Flavescence mid-term is subsequently entered, with the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/h, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 38 DEG C in 6h, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 35
DEG C, stablize dry, wet-bulb temperature, toasts 18h, bake bottom stage tobacco leaf and turn yellow completely；The later period that turns yellow is subsequently entered, with the liter of 2 DEG C/h
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 42 DEG C by warm rate, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 36 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 22h, is baked bottom stage
Tobacco leaf turns yellow completely, and (phenylalanine content is in 38 ~ 42 DEG C of the biggest drop of temperature during dense drying, by increasing flavescence mid-term
To the heating rate in the later period that turns yellow, the conversion ratio of phenylalanine is reduced)；
The fixation stage includes Earlier stage of fixing color, fixation mid-term and fixation later period, fixation initial stage be with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/2h,
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 46 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 36 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, toasts 26h, it is complete to bake roof platform tobacco leaf
(phenylalanine content is in 42 DEG C of amplification maximums of temperature during dense drying, before slowing down the flavescence later period to fixation for full flavescence
The heating rate of phase makes phenylalanine sufficiently be decomposed into the phenylalanines class such as benzyl alcohol, benzyl carbinol, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde and causes perfume
Substance)；Subsequently enter fixation mid-term, with the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/1h, dry-bulb temperature risen to 54 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature adjust to
38 DEG C, stablize dry, wet-bulb temperature, toasts 15h, bake the complete flavescence of full barn tobacco leaf；The fixation later period is with the heating of 1 DEG C/1h
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 59 DEG C by rate, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 38 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 17h, is baked full barn
The offshoot and mesophyll of tobacco leaf are dry；
The drying muscle stage is to burn high fire, big hydrofuge, with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/1h, by dry bulb before 60 DEG C of dry-bulb temperature
Temperature rises to 67 DEG C, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 40 DEG C, then stablizes dry-bulb temperature at 67 DEG C, toasts 30h, stablizes dry, wet bulb
Temperature is baked until the master pulse of full barn tobacco leaf is dry.
Embodiment 2
It is a kind of improve flue-cured tobacco phenylalanine content cultivation and baking method, comprising the following steps:
1) cultural method: using gradually Root growth method, specific steps include fertilising, transplanting tobacco seedlings, tillage and weeding and gradually rise
Ridge, gradually top dressing.
A, tobacco seedlings are transplanted: transplanting preceding cave in tobacco seedlings and applies tobacco compound fertilizer 400kg/hm2, calcium magnesium phosphate 275kg/hm2As base
Then fertilizer will transplant transplantation of seedlings into the pool, and pour 2.0L/ plants of root water；
B, tillage and weeding is with gradually ridging: 3 tillage and weedings is carried out after tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field and during tillage and weeding
Gradually ridging to ridging is completed.It specifically includes:
1) intertill for the first time, it is shallow to uproot 4.5cm around cigarette strain, only broken at nearly seedling land for building do not dig, motionless seedling body, then carry out ridging
Ridging operation, ridge body and furrow are advisable with 8cm；
2) second of intertillage, in the ranks deep hoe 15cm, intertills depth 8cm between strain, and hoe is saturating, hoe is even, then carries out ridging ridging operation,
Ridge face is set to be higher by first time ridging 25cm；
3) third time is intertilled, shallow to uproot 6cm around cigarette strain, and root system is not hurt in guarantee, is then carried out ridging ridging operation, is higher by ridge face
Second of ridging 8cm；
C, it gradually top dressing: after first time intertillage is intertilled with second in stepb, is carried out using Special compound fertilizer for tobacco
Top dressing, first time topdressing amount are 220 kg/hm2, second of topdressing amount is 240 kg/hm2.Field management is excellent by local recommendation
Matter cigarette production technology measures are implemented.
2) baking method: specific steps include harvesting, compile pole, shove charge, baking, are toasted using seven step formula bakings.
A, it harvests: harvesting the fresh tobacco leaf of flue-cured tobacco of proper mature (ripe)；Fresh tobacco leaf described in the step A of baking method is flue-cured tobacco cultivars
K326.The fresh tobacco leaf is cigarette strain inferior leads, middle leaf, upper leaf.The blade face for being embodied in tobacco leaf of the proper mature (ripe)
Huang is fallen, the full white hair of master pulse is bright, and offshoot bleaches, blade tip, leaf margin last volume, and blade face corrugation has mature spot, and fine hair largely falls off,
Cauline leaf angle increases.
B, pole, shove charge are compiled: the tobacco leaf of harvesting being subjected to volume pole, and is packed into barn, it is to be baked；In the step B of baking method
The principle of the volume pole is same pole homogeneity, and same position is dilute close appropriate.The principle of the shove charge is same furnace homogeneity, and dress fills
It is full.It is specially in barn according to 8kg/ pole, density 52kg/ that tobacco leaf, which is packed into barn, described in the step B of baking method
m3Dress cigarette is carried out, dress cigarette principle is that low-temperature region fills 2 poles relative to smoke filling density less, and high-temperature area fills more relative to smoke filling density
2 poles.The barn is rising-type bulk curing barn.
C, it toasts: the tobacco leaf after shove charge being toasted, by changing yellow stage, fixation stage and drying muscle stage, baking can be obtained
Tobacco leaf afterwards, in which:
The changing yellow stage includes flavescence initial stage, flavescence mid-term and turns yellow the later period, and flavescence initial stage is the heating speed with 1.5 DEG C/h
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 36 DEG C by 26 DEG C by rate, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted by 27 DEG C to 34 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, toasts 22h
；Flavescence mid-term is subsequently entered, with the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/h, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 38 DEG C in 8h or so, wet-bulb temperature adjustment
To 35 DEG C, stablize dry, wet-bulb temperature, toasts 20h, bake bottom stage tobacco leaf and turn yellow completely；The later period that turns yellow is subsequently entered, with 2 DEG C/h
Heating rate, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 43 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 36 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 22h, is baked
Bottom stage tobacco leaf turns yellow completely, and (phenylalanine content is turned yellow in 38 ~ 42 DEG C of the biggest drop of temperature by increasing during dense drying
Mid-term reduces the conversion ratio of phenylalanine to the heating rate in the later period that turns yellow)；
The fixation stage includes Earlier stage of fixing color, fixation mid-term and fixation later period, fixation initial stage be with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/2h,
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 48 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 37 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, and baking for 24 hours, it is complete to bake roof platform tobacco leaf
(phenylalanine content is in 46 DEG C of amplification maximums of temperature during dense drying, before slowing down the flavescence later period to fixation for full flavescence
The heating rate of phase makes phenylalanine sufficiently be decomposed into the phenylalanines class such as benzyl alcohol, benzyl carbinol, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde and causes perfume
Substance)；Subsequently enter fixation mid-term, with the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/2h, dry-bulb temperature risen to 56 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature adjust to
39 DEG C, stablize dry, wet-bulb temperature, toasts 14h, bake the complete flavescence of full barn tobacco leaf；The fixation later period is with the heating of 1 DEG C/2h
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 62 DEG C by rate, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 40 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 17h, is baked full barn
The offshoot and mesophyll of tobacco leaf are dry；
The drying muscle stage is to burn high fire, big hydrofuge, with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/1h, by dry bulb before 60 DEG C of dry-bulb temperature
Temperature rises to 67 DEG C, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 42 DEG C, then stablizes dry-bulb temperature at 68 DEG C, toasts 30h, stablizes dry, wet bulb
Temperature is baked until the master pulse of full barn tobacco leaf is dry.
Embodiment 3
It is a kind of improve flue-cured tobacco phenylalanine content cultivation and baking method, comprising the following steps:
1) cultural method: using gradually Root growth method, specific steps include fertilising, transplanting tobacco seedlings, tillage and weeding and gradually rise
Ridge, gradually top dressing.
A, tobacco seedlings are transplanted: transplanting preceding cave in tobacco seedlings and applies tobacco compound fertilizer 380kg/hm2, calcium magnesium phosphate 250kg/hm2As base
Then fertilizer will transplant transplantation of seedlings into the pool, and pour 1.8L/ plants of root water；
B, tillage and weeding is with gradually ridging: 3 tillage and weedings is carried out after tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field and during tillage and weeding
Gradually ridging to ridging is completed.It specifically includes:
1) intertill for the first time, it is shallow to uproot 3cm around cigarette strain, only broken at nearly seedling land for building do not dig, motionless seedling body, then carry out ridging training
Soil operation, ridge body and furrow are advisable with 7cm；
2) second of intertillage, in the ranks deep hoe 12cm, intertills depth 7cm between strain, and hoe is saturating, hoe is even, then carries out ridging ridging operation,
Ridge face is set to be higher by first time ridging 23cm；
3) third time is intertilled, shallow to uproot 5cm around cigarette strain, and root system is not hurt in guarantee, is then carried out ridging ridging operation, is higher by ridge face
Second of ridging 8cm；
C, it gradually top dressing: after first time intertillage is intertilled with second in stepb, is carried out using Special compound fertilizer for tobacco
Top dressing, first time topdressing amount are 210 kg/hm2, second of topdressing amount is 230 kg/hm2.Field management is excellent by local recommendation
Matter cigarette production technology measures are implemented.
2) baking method: specific steps include harvesting, compile pole, shove charge, baking, are toasted using seven step formula bakings.
A, it harvests: harvesting the fresh tobacco leaf of flue-cured tobacco of proper mature (ripe)；Fresh tobacco leaf described in the step A of baking method is flue-cured tobacco cultivars cloud
Cigarette 87.
B, pole, shove charge are compiled: the tobacco leaf of harvesting being subjected to volume pole, and is packed into barn, it is to be baked；In the step B of baking method
The principle of the volume pole is same pole homogeneity, and same position is dilute close appropriate.The principle of the shove charge is same furnace homogeneity, and dress fills
It is full.It is specially in barn according to 7.5kg/ pole that tobacco leaf, which is packed into barn, described in the step B of baking method, and density is
50kg/m3Carry out dress cigarette.
C, it toasts: the tobacco leaf after shove charge being toasted, by changing yellow stage, fixation stage and drying muscle stage, baking can be obtained
Tobacco leaf afterwards, in which:
The changing yellow stage includes flavescence initial stage, flavescence mid-term and turns yellow the later period, and flavescence initial stage is the heating speed with 1.5 DEG C/h
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 36 DEG C by 26 DEG C by rate, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted by 26 DEG C to 33 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, toasts 23h
；Flavescence mid-term is subsequently entered, with the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/h, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 38 DEG C in 7h or so, wet-bulb temperature adjustment
To 35 DEG C, stablize dry, wet-bulb temperature, toasts 19h, bake bottom stage tobacco leaf and turn yellow completely；The later period that turns yellow is subsequently entered, with 2 DEG C/h
Heating rate, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 42 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 36 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 21h, is baked
Bottom stage tobacco leaf turns yellow completely, and (phenylalanine content is turned yellow in 38 ~ 42 DEG C of the biggest drop of temperature by increasing during dense drying
Mid-term reduces the conversion ratio of phenylalanine to the heating rate in the later period that turns yellow)；
The fixation stage includes Earlier stage of fixing color, fixation mid-term and fixation later period, fixation initial stage be with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/2h,
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 47 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 36 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, toasts 25h, it is complete to bake roof platform tobacco leaf
(phenylalanine content is in 42 ~ 46 DEG C of amplification maximums of temperature during dense drying, by slowing down the flavescence later period to fixation for full flavescence
The heating rate of early period makes phenylalanine sufficiently be decomposed into the cause of the phenylalanines class such as benzyl alcohol, benzyl carbinol, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde
Studies of The Aromatic Substances)；Fixation mid-term is subsequently entered, with the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/1.5h, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 55 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature tune
Whole to 38 DEG C, stablize dry, wet-bulb temperature, toasts 14h, bake the complete flavescence of full barn tobacco leaf；The fixation later period is with 1 DEG C/1h's
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 60 DEG C by heating rate, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 39 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 16h, is baked complete
The offshoot and mesophyll of barn tobacco leaf are dry；
The drying muscle stage is to burn high fire, big hydrofuge, with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/1h, by dry bulb before 60 DEG C of dry-bulb temperature
Temperature rises to 67 DEG C, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 41 DEG C, then stablizes dry-bulb temperature at 67 DEG C, toasts 25h, stablizes dry, wet bulb
Temperature is baked until the master pulse of full barn tobacco leaf is dry.
Test example 1 --- the cigarettes such as tobacco leaf phenylalanine content, average price, the output value, upper, middle and lower after baking ratio and sense organ
Judging parameter comparison
Test group 1 is to carry out by embodiment 1, and test group 2 is carried out by embodiment 2, and test group 3 is to carry out by embodiment 3, control group
It is carried out by local conventional cultivation and baking method, test result is shown in Tables 1 and 2.
The cigarettes ratio such as 1 county Yuxi E Shan side street town tobacco leaf phenylalanine content of table and average price, the output value, upper, middle and lower
2 town Yuxi river and mountain Qu Jiuxi tobacco leaf sensory evaluating smoking's mass of table
By Tables 1 and 2 it is found that 1(of embodiment of the present invention test group 1) phenylalanine content than control group increase 0.32%；Albumen
Matter increases 0.61% than control group；Average price increases 1.41 yuan/kg than control group；The output value increases 980.13 yuan/hm2 than control group；On
Equal cigarettes ratio increases 2.76% than control group；Medium grade cigarette ratio increases 0.52% than control group；Inferior cigarette ratio declines than control group
3.28%；The score of smokeing panel test of test group 1 is higher by 0.1 than the score of smokeing panel test of control group.
By Tables 1 and 2 it is found that 2(of embodiment of the present invention test group 2) phenylalanine content than control group increase 0.8%；
Protein increases 0.89% than control group；Average price increases 1.22 yuan/kg than control group；The output value than control group increase 1000.86 yuan/
hm2；First-class cigarette ratio increases 2.23% than control group；Medium grade cigarette ratio is than control group decline 0.21%；Inferior cigarette ratio is than control
Group decline 2.02%；The score of smokeing panel test of test group 2 is higher by 0.2 than the score of smokeing panel test of control group.
By Tables 1 and 2 it is found that 3(of embodiment of the present invention test group 3) phenylalanine content than control group increase 0.11%；
Protein increases 0.95% than control group；Average price increases 1.94 yuan/kg than control group；The output value than control group increase 743.64 yuan/
hm2；First-class cigarette ratio increases 2.71% than control group；Medium grade cigarette ratio is than control group decline 0.34%；Inferior cigarette ratio is than control
Group decline 2.37%；The score of smokeing panel test of test group 3 is higher by 0.5 than the score of smokeing panel test of control group.
Embodiment 4
It is a kind of improve flue-cured tobacco phenylalanine content cultivation and baking method, comprising the following steps:
1) cultural method: including basal dressing, transplanting tobacco seedlings, tillage and weeding and gradually ridging, gradually top dressing.
A, tobacco seedlings are transplanted: transplanting preceding cave in tobacco seedlings and applies tobacco compound fertilizer 360kg/hm2, calcium magnesium phosphate 215kg/hm2As base
Then fertilizer will transplant transplantation of seedlings into the pool, and pour 1.6L/ plants of root water；The method for transplanting is that well stores the small transplantation of seedlings of formula, described
Transplanting Density be 1100 plants/acre, transplanting time be April 15.
B, tillage and weeding is with gradually ridging: 3 tillage and weedings is carried out after tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field and in tillage and weeding mistake
Gradually ridging to ridging is completed in journey.It specifically includes:
1) intertill for the first time, it is shallow to uproot 3.5cm around cigarette strain, only broken at nearly seedling land for building do not dig, motionless seedling body, then carry out ridging
Ridging operation, ridge body and furrow are advisable with 7cm；
2) second of intertillage, in the ranks deep hoe 11cm, intertills depth 6cm between strain, and hoe is saturating, hoe is even, then carries out ridging ridging operation,
Ridge face is set to be higher by first time ridging 22cm；
3) third time is intertilled, shallow to uproot 6cm around cigarette strain, and root system is not hurt in guarantee, is then carried out ridging ridging operation, is higher by ridge face
Second of ridging 7cm；
The ridging ridging operation selection carries out in 2 days after the rain or after irrigating, but in annual rainfall≤400mm weather
Arid area need to carry out for 4 days in advance than other areas.The first time tillage and weeding is 12 days after tobacco seedlings transplanting；In second
Weeding is 28 days after transplanting；Third time tillage and weeding is 10 days after second of intertillage.
C, gradually top dressing: after first time intertillage is intertilled with second in stepb, Special compound fertilizer for tobacco is used
Top dressing is carried out, first time topdressing amount is 205kg/hm2, second of topdressing amount is 225kg/hm2.The Special compound fertilizer for tobacco
It is N: P2O5: K2O = 12.5 : 0 : 33.5.Field management is implemented by the local High Quality Tobacco production technology measures recommended.
Include effective leaves remained 18 in the field management, smear wooden fork in time, cultivates line-spacing × spacing in the rows=cm of 110 cm × 60.
2) baking method: specific steps include harvesting, compile pole, shove charge, baking, are toasted using seven step formula bakings.
A, it harvests: harvesting the fresh tobacco leaf of flue-cured tobacco of proper mature (ripe)；
B, pole, shove charge are compiled: the tobacco leaf of harvesting being subjected to volume pole, and is packed into barn, it is to be baked；
C, it toasts: the tobacco leaf after shove charge is toasted, by changing yellow stage, fixation stage and drying muscle stage, after baking can be obtained
Tobacco leaf, in which:
The changing yellow stage includes flavescence initial stage, flavescence mid-term and turns yellow the later period, and flavescence initial stage is the heating speed with 1.5 DEG C/h
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 36 DEG C by 26 DEG C by rate, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted by 27 DEG C to 33 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, toasts 22h
；Flavescence mid-term is subsequently entered, with the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/h, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 38 DEG C in 7h or so, wet-bulb temperature adjustment
To 35 DEG C, stablize dry, wet-bulb temperature, toasts 18h, bake bottom stage tobacco leaf and turn yellow completely；The later period that turns yellow is subsequently entered, with 2 DEG C/h
Heating rate, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 43 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 36 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 20h, is baked
Bottom stage tobacco leaf turns yellow completely, and (phenylalanine content is turned yellow in 38 ~ 42 DEG C of the biggest drop of temperature by increasing during dense drying
Mid-term reduces the conversion ratio of phenylalanine to the heating rate in the later period that turns yellow)；Heating of the flavescence mid-term to the later period that turns yellow
Rate is 2 DEG C/h, 20 ~ 22h of heating-up time.
The fixation stage includes Earlier stage of fixing color, fixation mid-term and fixation later period, and fixation initial stage is with the heating of 1 DEG C/2h
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 47 DEG C by rate, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 36 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 25h, is baked roof platform cigarette
Leaf turns yellow completely, and (phenylalanine content is arrived in 42 ~ 46 DEG C of amplification maximums of temperature by slowing down the later period that turns yellow during dense drying
The heating rate of Earlier stage of fixing color makes phenylalanine sufficiently be decomposed into the phenylalanines such as benzyl alcohol, benzyl carbinol, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde
Class flavor matter)；Fixation mid-term is subsequently entered, with the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/2h, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 55 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature
It adjusts to 38 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, toast 14h, bake the complete flavescence of full barn tobacco leaf；The fixation later period is with 1 DEG C/2h
Heating rate, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 61 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 39 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 16h, is baked
The offshoot and mesophyll of full barn tobacco leaf are dry；The heating rate of later period to Earlier stage of fixing color of turning yellow is 1 DEG C/2h, the heating-up time for 24 ~
26h。
The drying muscle stage is to burn high fire before 60 DEG C of dry-bulb temperature, and big hydrofuge will with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/1h
Dry-bulb temperature rises to 67 DEG C, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 41 DEG C, then stablizes dry-bulb temperature at 67 DEG C, toasts 22h, stablize it is dry,
Wet-bulb temperature is baked until the master pulse of full barn tobacco leaf is dry.
Embodiment 5
It is a kind of improve flue-cured tobacco phenylalanine content cultivation and baking method, comprising the following steps:
1) cultural method: using gradually Root growth method, specific steps include fertilising, transplanting tobacco seedlings, tillage and weeding and gradually rise
Ridge, gradually top dressing.
A, tobacco seedlings are transplanted: transplanting preceding cave in tobacco seedlings and applies tobacco compound fertilizer 370kg/hm2, calcium magnesium phosphate 230kg/hm2As base
Then fertilizer will transplant transplantation of seedlings into the pool, and pour 1.7L/ plants of root water；The method for transplanting is that well stores the small transplantation of seedlings of formula, described
Transplanting Density be 1300 plants/acre, transplanting time be April 30.
B, tillage and weeding is with gradually ridging: 73 tillage and weedings is carried out after tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field and in tillage and weeding mistake
Gradually ridging to ridging is completed in journey.It specifically includes:
1) intertill for the first time, it is shallow to uproot 4cm around cigarette strain, only broken at nearly seedling land for building do not dig, motionless seedling body, then carry out ridging training
Soil operation, ridge body and furrow are advisable with 8cm；
2) second of intertillage, in the ranks deep hoe 13cm, intertills depth 8cm between strain, and hoe is saturating, hoe is even, then carries out ridging ridging operation,
Ridge face is set to be higher by first time ridging 23cm；
3) third time is intertilled, shallow to uproot 6cm around cigarette strain, and root system is not hurt in guarantee, is then carried out ridging ridging operation, is higher by ridge face
Second of ridging 7cm；
The ridging ridging operation selection carries out in 2 days after the rain or after irrigating, but in annual rainfall≤400mm weather
Arid area need to carry out for 6 days in advance than other areas.The first time tillage and weeding is 15 days after tobacco seedlings transplanting；In second
Weeding is 30 days after transplanting；Third time tillage and weeding is 15 days after second of intertillage.
C, gradually top dressing: after first time intertillage is intertilled with second in stepb, Special compound fertilizer for tobacco is used
Top dressing is carried out, first time topdressing amount is 215 kg/hm2, second of topdressing amount is 235 kg/hm2.Field management is recommended as local
High Quality Tobacco production technology measures implement.The Special compound fertilizer for tobacco is N: P2O5: K2O = 12.5 : 0 :
33.5.Include effective leaves remained 20 in the field management, smear wooden fork in time, cultivates line-spacing × spacing in the rows=110 cm × 60
cm。
2) baking method: specific steps include harvesting, compile pole, shove charge, baking, are toasted using seven step formula bakings.
A, it harvests: harvesting the fresh tobacco leaf of flue-cured tobacco of proper mature (ripe)；Fresh tobacco leaf described in the step A of baking method is flue-cured tobacco cultivars cloud
Cigarette 85.The fresh tobacco leaf is cigarette strain inferior leads, middle leaf.The blade face for being embodied in tobacco leaf of the proper mature (ripe) falls Huang, main
The full white hair of arteries and veins is bright, and offshoot bleaches, blade tip, leaf margin last volume, and blade face corrugation has mature spot, and fine hair largely falls off, and cauline leaf angle increases
Greatly.
B, pole, shove charge are compiled: the tobacco leaf of harvesting being subjected to volume pole, and is packed into barn, it is to be baked；In the step B of baking method
The principle of the volume pole is same pole homogeneity, and same position is dilute close appropriate.The principle of the shove charge is same furnace homogeneity, and dress fills
It is full.It is specially in barn according to 8kg/ pole, density 51kg/ that tobacco leaf, which is packed into barn, described in the step B of baking method
m3Dress cigarette is carried out, dress cigarette principle is that low-temperature region fills 2 poles relative to smoke filling density less, and high-temperature area fills more relative to smoke filling density
1 pole.The barn is rising-type bulk curing barn.
C, it toasts: the tobacco leaf after shove charge being toasted, by changing yellow stage, fixation stage and drying muscle stage, baking can be obtained
Tobacco leaf afterwards, in which:
The changing yellow stage includes flavescence initial stage, flavescence mid-term and turns yellow the later period, and flavescence initial stage is the heating speed with 1.5 DEG C/h
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 35 DEG C by 26 DEG C by rate, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted by 27 DEG C to 33 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, toasts 22h
；Flavescence mid-term is subsequently entered, with the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/h, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 38 DEG C in 8h or so, wet-bulb temperature tune
Whole to 35 DEG C, stablize dry, wet-bulb temperature, toasts 20h, bake bottom stage tobacco leaf and turn yellow completely；Subsequently enter turn yellow the later period, with 2 DEG C/
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 43 DEG C by the heating rate of h, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 36 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, toasts 22h, is baked
Turning yellow completely to bottom stage tobacco leaf, (phenylalanine content is become in 38 ~ 42 DEG C of the biggest drop of temperature by increasing during dense drying
Yellow mid-term reduces the conversion ratio of phenylalanine to the heating rate in the later period that turns yellow)；Liter of the flavescence mid-term to the later period that turns yellow
Warm rate is 2 DEG C/h, heating-up time 22h.
The fixation stage includes Earlier stage of fixing color, fixation mid-term and fixation later period, and fixation initial stage is with the heating of 1 DEG C/2h
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 47 DEG C by rate, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 36 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 25h, is baked roof platform cigarette
Leaf turns yellow completely, and (phenylalanine content is maximum in temperature 45 C amplification during dense drying, by slowing down the later period that turns yellow to calmly
The heating rate of color early period, makes phenylalanine sufficiently be decomposed into the phenylalanines class such as benzyl alcohol, benzyl carbinol, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde
Flavor matter)；Fixation mid-term is subsequently entered, with the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/1h, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 56 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature tune
Whole to 39 DEG C, stablize dry, wet-bulb temperature, toasts 14h, bake the complete flavescence of full barn tobacco leaf；The fixation later period is with 1 DEG C/1h's
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 61 DEG C by heating rate, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 39 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 16h, is baked complete
The offshoot and mesophyll of barn tobacco leaf are dry；The heating rate of flavescence later period to Earlier stage of fixing color is 1 DEG C/2h, heating-up time 26h.
The drying muscle stage is to burn high fire before 60 DEG C of dry-bulb temperature, and big hydrofuge will with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/1h
Dry-bulb temperature rises to 67 DEG C, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 41 DEG C, then stablizes dry-bulb temperature at 67 DEG C, toasts 28h, stablize it is dry,
Wet-bulb temperature is baked until the master pulse of full barn tobacco leaf is dry.
Embodiment 6
It is a kind of improve flue-cured tobacco phenylalanine content cultivation and baking method, comprising the following steps:
1) cultural method: using gradually Root growth method, specific steps include fertilising, transplanting tobacco seedlings, tillage and weeding and gradually rise
Ridge, gradually top dressing.
A, tobacco seedlings are transplanted: transplanting preceding cave in tobacco seedlings and applies tobacco compound fertilizer 390kg/hm2, calcium magnesium phosphate 260kg/hm2As base
Then fertilizer will transplant transplantation of seedlings into the pool, and pour 1.9L/ plants of root water；The method for transplanting is that well stores the small transplantation of seedlings of formula, described
Transplanting Density be 1200 plants/acre, transplanting time be April 20.
B, tillage and weeding is with gradually ridging: 3 tillage and weedings is carried out after tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field and in tillage and weeding mistake
Gradually ridging to ridging is completed in journey.It specifically includes:
1) intertill for the first time, it is shallow to uproot 4.5cm around cigarette strain, only broken at nearly seedling land for building do not dig, motionless seedling body, then carry out ridging
Ridging operation, ridge body and furrow are advisable with 7cm；
2) second of intertillage, in the ranks deep hoe 15cm, intertills depth 7cm between strain, and hoe is saturating, hoe is even, then carries out ridging ridging operation,
Ridge face is set to be higher by first time ridging 21cm；
3) third time is intertilled, shallow to uproot 5cm around cigarette strain, and root system is not hurt in guarantee, is then carried out ridging ridging operation, is higher by ridge face
Second of ridging 8cm；
The ridging ridging operation selection carries out in 2 days after the rain or after irrigating, but in annual rainfall≤400mm weather
Arid area need to carry out for 5 days in advance than other areas.The first time tillage and weeding is 13 days after tobacco seedlings transplanting；In second
Weeding is 29 days after transplanting；Third time tillage and weeding is 12 days after second of intertillage.
C, gradually top dressing: after first time intertillage is intertilled with second in stepb, Special compound fertilizer for tobacco is used
Top dressing is carried out, first time topdressing amount is 200 kg/hm2, second of topdressing amount is 240 kg/hm2.Field management is recommended as local
High Quality Tobacco production technology measures implement.The Special compound fertilizer for tobacco is N: P2O5: K2O = 12.5 : 0 :
33.5.Include effective leaves remained 19 in the field management, smear wooden fork in time, cultivates line-spacing × spacing in the rows=110 cm × 60
cm。
2) baking method: specific steps include harvesting, compile pole, shove charge, baking, are toasted using seven step formula bakings.
A, it harvests: harvesting the fresh tobacco leaf of flue-cured tobacco of proper mature (ripe)；Fresh tobacco leaf described in the step A of baking method is flue-cured tobacco cultivars cloud
Cigarette 85.The fresh tobacco leaf is cigarette strain upper leaf.The blade face for being embodied in tobacco leaf of the proper mature (ripe) falls Huang, the full white hair of master pulse
Bright, offshoot bleaches, blade tip, leaf margin last volume, and blade face corrugation has mature spot, and fine hair largely falls off, and cauline leaf angle increases.
B, pole, shove charge are compiled: the tobacco leaf of harvesting being subjected to volume pole, and is packed into barn, it is to be baked；In the step B of baking method
The principle of the volume pole is same pole homogeneity, and same position is dilute close appropriate.The principle of the shove charge is same furnace homogeneity, and dress fills
It is full.It is specially in barn according to 8kg/ pole, density 49kg/ that tobacco leaf, which is packed into barn, described in the step B of baking method
m3Dress cigarette is carried out, dress cigarette principle is that low-temperature region fills 1 pole relative to smoke filling density less, and high-temperature area fills more relative to smoke filling density
2 poles.The barn is rising-type bulk curing barn.
C, it toasts: the tobacco leaf after shove charge being toasted, by changing yellow stage, fixation stage and drying muscle stage, baking can be obtained
Tobacco leaf afterwards, in which:
The changing yellow stage includes flavescence initial stage, flavescence mid-term and turns yellow the later period, and flavescence initial stage is the heating speed with 1.5 DEG C/h
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 35 DEG C by 25 DEG C by rate, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted by 27 DEG C to 33 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, toasts 23h
；Flavescence mid-term is subsequently entered, with the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/h, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 38 DEG C in 7h or so, wet-bulb temperature adjustment
To 35 DEG C, stablize dry, wet-bulb temperature, toasts 19h, bake bottom stage tobacco leaf and turn yellow completely；The later period that turns yellow is subsequently entered, with 2 DEG C/h
Heating rate, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 42 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 36 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 21h, is baked
Bottom stage tobacco leaf turns yellow completely, and (phenylalanine content is turned yellow in 38 ~ 42 DEG C of the biggest drop of temperature by increasing during dense drying
Mid-term reduces the conversion ratio of phenylalanine to the heating rate in the later period that turns yellow)；Heating of the flavescence mid-term to the later period that turns yellow
Rate is 2 DEG C/h, heating-up time 21h.
The fixation stage includes Earlier stage of fixing color, fixation mid-term and fixation later period, and fixation initial stage is with the heating of 1 DEG C/2h
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 47 DEG C by rate, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 37 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 25h, is baked roof platform cigarette
Leaf turns yellow completely, and (phenylalanine content is arrived in 42 ~ 46 DEG C of amplification maximums of temperature by slowing down the later period that turns yellow during dense drying
The heating rate of Earlier stage of fixing color makes phenylalanine sufficiently be decomposed into the phenylalanines such as benzyl alcohol, benzyl carbinol, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde
Class flavor matter)；Fixation mid-term is subsequently entered, with the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/2h, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 55 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature
It adjusts to 38 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, toast 14h, bake the complete flavescence of full barn tobacco leaf；The fixation later period is with 1 DEG C/2h
Heating rate, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 60 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 39 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 16h, is baked
The offshoot and mesophyll of full barn tobacco leaf are dry；The heating rate of later period to Earlier stage of fixing color of turning yellow is 1 DEG C/2h, and the heating-up time is
25h。
The drying muscle stage is to burn high fire before 60 DEG C of dry-bulb temperature, and big hydrofuge will with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/1h
Dry-bulb temperature rises to 67 DEG C, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 40 DEG C, then stablizes dry-bulb temperature at 68 DEG C, toasts 28h, stablize it is dry,
Wet-bulb temperature is baked until the master pulse of full barn tobacco leaf is dry.
Test example 2 --- the cigarettes such as tobacco leaf phenylalanine content, average price, the output value, upper, middle and lower after baking ratio and sense organ
Judging parameter comparison
Test group 4 is to carry out by embodiment 4, and test group 5 is carried out by embodiment 5, and test group 6 is to carry out by embodiment 6, control group
It is carried out by local conventional cultivation and baking method, test result is shown in Table 3 and table 4.
It grinds and the cigarettes ratios such as proving ground tobacco leaf phenylalanine content and average price, the output value, upper, middle and lower 3 Yuxi Hongta District of table
Example
4 town Yuxi river and mountain Qu Jiuxi tobacco leaf sensory evaluating smoking's mass of table
By table 3 and table 4 it is found that 4(of embodiment of the present invention test group 4) phenylalanine content than control group increase 0.71%；Albumen
Matter increases 0.76% than control group；Average price increases 1.32 yuan/kg than control group；The output value increases 757.2 yuan/hm2 than control group；On
Equal cigarettes ratio increases 1.39% than control group；Medium grade cigarette ratio increases 0.48% than control group；Inferior cigarette ratio declines than control group
3.28%；The score of smokeing panel test of test group 4 is higher by 0.2 than the score of smokeing panel test of control group.
By table 3 and table 4 it is found that 5(of embodiment of the present invention test group 5) phenylalanine content than control group increase 0.82%；
Protein increases 0.89% than control group；Average price increases 1.52 yuan/kg than control group；The output value than control group increase 849.47 yuan/
hm2；First-class cigarette ratio increases 2.32% than control group；Medium grade cigarette ratio rises 0.25% than control group；Inferior cigarette ratio is than control
Group decline 2.57%；Test group 5 smokes panel test score as the score of smokeing panel test of control group.
By table 3 and table 4 it is found that 6(of embodiment of the present invention test group 6) phenylalanine content than control group increase 0.58%；
Protein increases 0.69% than control group；Average price increases 1.29 yuan/kg than control group；The output value than control group increase 753.11 yuan/
hm2；First-class cigarette ratio increases 2.75% than control group；Medium grade cigarette ratio rises 0.41% than control group；Inferior cigarette ratio is than control
Group decline 3.16%；The score of smokeing panel test of test group 6 is higher by 0.5 than the score of smokeing panel test of control group.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultivation for improving flue-cured tobacco phenylalanine content and baking method, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
1) cultural method: including transplanting tobacco seedlings, tillage and weeding and gradually ridging, gradually top dressing；
A, tobacco seedlings are transplanted: transplanting preceding cave basal dressing in tobacco seedlings, transplantation of seedlings then will be transplanted into the pool, and pour root water；
B, tillage and weeding is with gradually ridging: 2-3 tillage and weeding is carried out after tobacco seedlings are transplanted to crop field and in tillage and weeding process
In gradually ridging to ridging complete；
C, gradually top dressing: dedicated multiple using tobacco in stepb after the first time tillage and weeding and second of tillage and weeding
Hefei carries out top dressing；Other field management are implemented by the local High Quality Tobacco production technology measures recommended；
2) it baking method: including harvesting, compiling pole, shove charge, baking, is toasted using seven step formula bakings；
A, it harvests: harvesting the fresh tobacco leaf of flue-cured tobacco of proper mature (ripe)；
B, pole, shove charge are compiled: the tobacco leaf of harvesting being subjected to volume pole, and is packed into barn, it is to be baked；
C, it toasts: the tobacco leaf after shove charge is toasted, by changing yellow stage, fixation stage and drying muscle stage, after baking can be obtained
Tobacco leaf, in which:
The changing yellow stage includes flavescence initial stage, flavescence mid-term and turns yellow the later period, and flavescence initial stage is the heating speed with 1.5 DEG C/h
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 35 ~ 36 DEG C by 25 ~ 26 DEG C by rate, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted by 26 ~ 27 DEG C to 33 ~ 34 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet bulb
Temperature, baking 22 ~ for 24 hours；Flavescence mid-term is subsequently entered, with the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/h, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 38 in 6 ~ 8h
DEG C, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 35 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 18 ~ 20h, is baked bottom stage tobacco leaf and turn yellow completely；Then into
Enter to turn yellow the later period, with the heating rate of 2 DEG C/h, dry-bulb temperature risen to 42 ~ 43 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 36 DEG C, stablize it is dry,
Wet-bulb temperature toasts 20 ~ 22h, bakes bottom stage tobacco leaf and turn yellow completely；
The fixation stage includes Earlier stage of fixing color, fixation mid-term and fixation later period, fixation initial stage be with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/2h,
Dry-bulb temperature is risen to 46 ~ 48 DEG C, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 36 ~ 37 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 24 ~ 26h, is baked to top
Platform tobacco leaf turns yellow completely；Fixation mid-term is subsequently entered, with the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/1 ~ 2h, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 54 ~ 56 DEG C,
Wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 38 ~ 39 DEG C, stablizes dry, wet-bulb temperature, is toasted 14 ~ 15h, is baked the complete flavescence of full barn tobacco leaf；It is fixed
The color later period rises to 59 ~ 62 DEG C with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/1 ~ 2h, by dry-bulb temperature, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 38 ~ 40 DEG C, stablizes
Dry, wet-bulb temperature toasts 15 ~ 17h, and offshoot and the mesophyll for baking full barn tobacco leaf are dry；
The drying muscle stage is to burn high fire, big hydrofuge, with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/1h, by dry bulb before 60 DEG C of dry-bulb temperature
Temperature rises to 67 DEG C, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 40 ~ 42 DEG C, then stablizes dry-bulb temperature at 67 ~ 68 DEG C, toasts 20 ~ 30h, surely
Fixed dry, wet-bulb temperature, is baked until the master pulse of full barn tobacco leaf is dry.
2. the cultivation according to claim 1 for improving flue-cured tobacco phenylalanine content and baking method, it is characterised in that cultivation
Base manure described in the step A of method is tobacco compound fertilizer 350-400kg/hm2, 200 ~ 275kg/hm of calcium magnesium phosphate2；Described
Root water is 1.5-2.0L/ plants.
3. the cultivation according to claim 1 for improving flue-cured tobacco phenylalanine content and baking method, it is characterised in that cultivation
Method for transplanting described in the step A of method is that well stores the small transplantation of seedlings of formula, and the Transplanting Density is 1100-1300 plants/acre, is moved
The cultivation phase is 15-April of April 30.
4. the cultivation according to claim 1 for improving flue-cured tobacco phenylalanine content and baking method, it is characterised in that cultivation
Tillage and weeding described in the step B of method specifically includes:
S1, first time tillage and weeding, it is shallow to uproot 2.5-4.5cm around cigarette strain, only broken at nearly seedling land for building do not dig, motionless seedling body, connect
Carry out ridging ridging operation, ridge body and furrow are advisable with 7-8cm；
S2, second of tillage and weeding, in the ranks deep hoe 10-15cm, intertills depth 6-8cm between strain, and hoe is saturating, hoe is even, is then risen
Ridge ridging operation, makes ridge face be higher by first time ridging 21-25cm；
S3, third time tillage and weeding, shallow to uproot 5-6cm around cigarette strain, root system is not hurt in guarantee, is then carried out ridging ridging operation, is made
Ridge face is higher by second of ridging 7-8cm.
5. the cultivation according to claim 4 for improving flue-cured tobacco phenylalanine content and baking method, it is characterised in that described
Ridging ridging operation selection carried out in 2 days after the rain or after irrigating, but in annual rainfall≤400mm drought area
It need to be carried out within 4-6 days in advance than other areas.
6. the cultivation according to claim 4 for improving flue-cured tobacco phenylalanine content and baking method, it is characterised in that described
First time tillage and weeding tobacco seedlings transplanting after 12-15 days；Second of tillage and weeding is 28-30 days after transplanting；Third time is intertilled
Weeding is 10-15 days after second of intertillage.
7. the cultivation according to claim 1 for improving flue-cured tobacco phenylalanine content and baking method, it is characterised in that cultivation
Topdressing amount after first time tillage and weeding described in the step C of method is 200-220 kg/hm2, after second of tillage and weeding
Topdressing amount be 220-240 kg/hm2, the Special compound fertilizer for tobacco is N: P2O5: K2O = 12.5 : 0 :
33.5。
8. the cultivation according to claim 1 for improving flue-cured tobacco phenylalanine content and baking method, it is characterised in that cultivation
Include effective leaves remained 18-20 in field management described in the step C of method, smear wooden fork in time, cultivates line-spacing × spacing in the rows=110
cm × 60 cm。
9. the cultivation according to claim 1 for improving flue-cured tobacco phenylalanine content and baking method, it is characterised in that baking
Fresh tobacco leaf described in the step A of method be any one of flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hongda tobacco, K326, cloud and mist 87, Yun yan85 or
It is a variety of；The fresh tobacco leaf is that cigarette strain inferior leads, middle leaf, upper leaf are any one or more of；The proper mature (ripe) it is specific
The blade face for showing as tobacco leaf falls Huang, and the full white hair of master pulse is bright, and offshoot bleaches, blade tip, leaf margin last volume, and blade face corrugation has mature spot, and
Fine hair largely falls off, and cauline leaf angle increases.
10. the cultivation according to claim 1 for improving flue-cured tobacco phenylalanine content and baking method, it is characterised in that baking
The heating rate in flavescence mid-term described in the step C of method to the later period that turns yellow is 2 DEG C/h, 20 ~ 22h of heating-up time；After flavescence
The heating rate of phase to Earlier stage of fixing color is 1 DEG C/2h, and the heating-up time is 24 ~ 26h.
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| CN102138699A (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2011-08-03 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Bulk curing process for cured tobacco K326 |
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