CN113545268B - Method for cultivating raw sugarcane by applying tissue culture single-plant temporary-planted seedlings of sugarcane - Google Patents
Method for cultivating raw sugarcane by applying tissue culture single-plant temporary-planted seedlings of sugarcane Download PDFInfo
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- CN113545268B CN113545268B CN202110930005.4A CN202110930005A CN113545268B CN 113545268 B CN113545268 B CN 113545268B CN 202110930005 A CN202110930005 A CN 202110930005A CN 113545268 B CN113545268 B CN 113545268B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/55—Sugar cane
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating raw sugarcane by applying tissue culture single-plant temporary planting seedlings of the sugarcane, which comprises the following steps: (1) cultivating the tissue-cultured single-plant false-planted seedlings of the sugarcane: planting the tissue culture single-plant seedlings of the sugarcane with the independent root system into a seedling culture container filled with a substrate to culture strong seedlings; the substrate is a mixture of soil, peat soil, a biological bacteria solution and a paclobutrazol solution; (2) planting and managing the single-plant pseudo-planted seedlings in the field: the planting time of the field is winter and spring, and each 667m 2 Planting 800-1000 plants; secondly, when the field is transplanted, the row spacing of the cultivation is 1.2-1.4 meters, and enough root fixing water is sprayed after the transplanting; thirdly, when the tillered seedlings in the sugarcane field reach more than 6000 plants and the leaves of the tillered sugarcane seedlings reach 7-10 leaves, carrying out large ridging, wherein the effective stems of the sugarcane are more than 5000 plants; and fourthly, managing according to a conventional field management method to obtain the raw material sugarcane. The method has the advantages that the raw material sugarcane is directly cultivated by the tissue culture single plant temporary planting seedling of the sugarcane, and the perennial root life can be prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating raw sugarcane by applying tissue culture single-plant temporary planting seedlings of the sugarcane.
Background
Sugarcane is an important sugar crop in China and is widely planted in subtropical regions in China, the planting area accounts for about 90% of the total area of the sugar crop in China, the sucrose yield accounts for more than 90% of the sugar yield in China, and the sugarcane can play an irreplaceable important role in promoting the economic development of production areas and the social stability. Because the sugarcane is a vegetative propagation crop, stem bud propagation is adopted all the time in production, the seed consumption is large, the propagation coefficient is low, and the popularization and the application of good sugarcane varieties are seriously influenced, so that the popularization speed of the sugarcane varieties is low, and the updating speed of the good varieties is delayed; meanwhile, sugarcane varieties are easy to be damaged by diseases after being continuously planted for years, wherein the sugarcane perennial root is dwarfed, mosaic and other disease sources are repeatedly infected, so that the yield and the quality of the sugarcane are reduced, the perennial root life is shortened, and the sugarcane planting industry is seriously threatened. The tissue culture of the sugarcane is an efficient propagation technology and an effective way for obtaining nontoxic seedlings of the sugarcane, the requirement of the sugarcane tissue culture seedling industry is high, the propagation speed and the reaction to varieties required by the market are fast, the seedlings are detoxified and high in quality, the seedling production is not influenced by regional and natural conditions, and the tissue culture of the sugarcane plays an important role in the sugarcane industry. In the prior art, the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings are mainly used for breeding seed stems, and the seed stems are used for producing raw material sugarcane fresh seedlings, namely, tissue culture single plant temporary planting seedlings of the sugarcane are directly cultivated to obtain the raw material sugarcane.
In addition, the seed consumption of the sugarcane is large, the amount of the sugarcane is 0.7 ton per mu, 300 ten thousand mu is newly planted per year, 210 ten thousand tons of sugarcane seeds are needed each year, nearly 40 ten thousand mu of cultivated land is needed for breeding 210 ten thousand tons of sugarcane seeds, and 40 ten thousand mu of cultivated land can produce about 40 ten thousand tons of sugar if the cultivated land is used for producing raw sugarcane. If the raw sugarcane is cultivated by using the tissue culture seedlings and cultivating the single plants in an industrialized mode, 15 ten thousand seedlings are cultivated per mu in the single plant cultivation mode, 1000 seedlings are used in a field, 30 hundred million seedlings are needed when 300 ten thousand mu of the raw sugarcane is newly planted in the field every year, and only 2 ten thousand mu of the seedling cultivation field is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a method for cultivating raw sugarcane by applying tissue culture single plant temporary planting seedlings of the sugarcane, which solves the technical problems that the raw sugarcane cannot be directly cultivated by tissue culture single plant temporary planting seedlings of the sugarcane and the perennial period of the raw sugarcane is short in the prior art.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for cultivating raw sugarcane by applying tissue culture single-plant temporary-planted seedlings of the sugarcane comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) cultivating the tissue-cultured single-plant false-planted seedlings of the sugarcane: planting the tissue culture single-plant seedlings of the sugarcane with the independent root system into a seedling culture container filled with a substrate to culture strong seedlings;
(2) planting and managing the single-plant pseudo-planted seedlings in the field:
the planting time of the field is winter and spring, and each 667m 2 Planting 800-1000 plants;
secondly, when the field is transplanted, the row spacing of the cultivation is 1.2-1.4 meters, and enough root fixing water is sprayed after the transplanting;
and thirdly, when the tillered sugarcane seedlings in the sugarcane field reach more than 6000 plants and the leaves of the tillered sugarcane seedlings reach 7-10 leaves, large hilling is carried out, and the effective stem number of the sugarcane is ensured to be more than 5000 plants.
Fourthly, after the single-plant temporary-planted seedlings are transplanted, managing according to a conventional field management method to obtain the raw material sugarcane. During the cultivation period of the single temporary planted seedlings in the sugarcane tissue culture, attention is paid to the prevention and treatment of diseases and pests such as brown spot, tiger spot, aphids, thrips, borers and the like, the field management of the single temporary planted seedlings, the intertillage, the water and fertilizer management, the prevention and treatment of diseases, worm grass and mice and the like are the same as the conventional production.
Planting the single-plant pseudo-planted seedlings in a field, and when mechanically planting, ditching, fertilizing, planting and pouring root fixing water are completed once by using 80-120 pieces of power machinery; during artificial planting, after mechanical soil preparation and ditching, the planting is carried out manually according to the planting specification, and the planting is better in rainy days.
The cultivation of the single-plant seedlings by the sugarcane tissue culture comprises the following steps: taking the stem tip of the sugarcane as an explant, and performing induced cultivation, proliferation cultivation and rooting cultivation after disinfection to obtain the sugarcane tissue culture single-plant seedling.
In order to obtain strong sugarcane tissue culture single-plant seedlings, the substrate is a mixture of soil, peat soil, a biological bacteria solution and a paclobutrazol solution, and through the compatibility of the raw materials, the number of the sugarcane sections in the soil can be increased, the lateral bud amount can be increased, the roots can be strengthened, the effective stem number can be increased, and the perennial root life can be prolonged.
The preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps: mixing soil and peat soil uniformly, spraying paclobutrazol solution, stirring uniformly, spraying biological bacteria solution, and stirring uniformly. The preparation method of the matrix is simple and easy to operate.
In order to ensure that the optimal synergistic effect is obtained by the compatibility of the raw materials of the matrix, the weight ratio of the soil to the peat soil in the matrix is 2-3:1, the paclobutrazol solution is sprayed on each kilogram of mixture of the soil and the peat soil by 50-100ml, and the biological bacteria solution is sprayed on each kilogram of mixture of the soil and the peat soil by 30-50ml, wherein the concentration of the paclobutrazol solution is 1000-2000ppm, and the concentration of the biological bacteria solution is 150-fold dilution of each gram of biological bacteria by adding water. In the matrix, the added paclobutrazol is too high in concentration and too much in amount, the growth of the sugarcane tissue culture single seedling can be inhibited, if the paclobutrazol is too low in concentration and not enough in spraying proper amount, the shrinkage effect is not good, the root of the sugarcane tissue culture single seedling cannot be strengthened, the number of effective stems in the later period is reduced, the purpose of prolonging the perennial root life cannot be achieved, and the raw material sugarcane can not be directly cultivated by the sugarcane tissue culture single seedling.
The substrate contains biological bacteria, and the weight ratio of the biological bacteria is 1:2-3 of the mixture of EM bacteria and bacillus subtilis. Biological bacteria are added into the matrix to promote the increase of organic matters of the matrix, and meanwhile, the biological bacteria are combined with the existing microorganisms in the matrix to generate the balance of microbial floras and promote the absorption of nutrient substances by the sugarcane tissue culture single-plant seedlings, so that the sugarcane tissue culture single-plant seedlings are stronger, and the technical problems that the raw sugarcane is directly cultivated by the sugarcane tissue culture single-plant seedlings and the perennial root of the raw sugarcane is prolonged are solved.
In order to improve the survival rate of the tissue culture single-plant plantlets of the sugarcane, the single-plant temporary-planted seedlings are preferably transplanted to the field, the leaf age of the single-plant temporary-planted seedlings is 8-12 leaves, and the pseudostem height of the seedlings is 15-30 cm.
In order to improve the survival rate of the single seedlings of the sugarcane tissue culture, preferably, in the second step of the invention, 0.5-1.0L of rooting water is sprayed on each seedling during transplanting, wherein the rooting water contains 0.2-0.4 vt% of monopotassium phosphate and 500ppm of mepiquat chloride, and the survival rate of the single seedlings of the sugarcane tissue culture can be improved by pouring the rooting water, the number of the sugarcane in soil can be increased, the lateral bud amount can be increased, and the roots can be strengthened.
In order to ensure that the tissue culture single seedlings of the sugarcane grow better, preferably, the single-plant pseudo-planted seedling field management of the invention is used for carrying out large-scale cultivation when the number of tillered seedlings in the sugarcane field reaches 5000-7000 plants and the leaves of tillered sugarcane seedlings reach 7-10 leaves, so as to ensure that the number of effective stems of the sugarcane is more than 5000.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method can directly cultivate the planting raw material sugarcane by the tissue culture single plant temporary planting seedling of the sugarcane, does not need to plant the planting raw material sugarcane after the tissue culture single plant temporary planting seedling of the sugarcane is cultivated, greatly shortens the period of output value, and simplifies the planting steps.
2. The substrate planted sugarcane tissue culture single plant temporary planting seedling can increase the number of the sugarcane in soil, increase the lateral bud amount, thicken the root, prevent the sugarcane from lodging after transplanting the sugarcane tissue culture single plant temporary planting seedling, improve the quality of the perennial root of the sugarcane, apply rotten chicken manure to the perennial root after harvesting every year, prolong the perennial root age of the sugarcane by about 2 years and reduce the planting cost of the sugarcane.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for cultivating raw sugarcane by applying tissue culture single-plant temporary-planted seedlings of the sugarcane comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) cultivating the tissue-cultured single-plant false-planted seedlings of the sugarcane: planting the tissue culture single-plant seedlings of the sugarcane with the independent root system into a seedling culture container filled with a substrate to culture strong seedlings;
(2) planting and managing the single-plant pseudo-planted seedlings in the field:
the planting time of the field is winter and spring, and each 667m 2 Planting 1000 plants;
secondly, when the field is transplanted, the leaf age of a single pseudo-planted seedling is 8-12 leaves, the height of a pseudo stem of the seedling is 30cm, the planting row spacing is 1.2 meters, sufficient root fixing water is drenched after transplanting, 1.0L of root fixing water is drenched for each seedling during transplanting, wherein the root fixing water contains 0.2 vt.% of monopotassium phosphate and 100ppm of mepiquat chloride;
thirdly, when the tillering seedling number of the sugarcane field reaches 7000 and the leaf blade of the tillering seedling reaches 7 to 10 leaves, carrying out large hilling, wherein the effective stem number of the sugarcane is 6000;
managing according to a conventional field management method to obtain raw sugarcane, harvesting the raw sugarcane, and applying 0.8kg of rotten chicken manure to each root of the roots; during the cultivation of the tissue-cultured single-plant temporary-planted seedlings of the sugarcane, attention is paid to the prevention and treatment of diseases and pests such as brown spot, tiger spot, aphids, thrips, borers and the like, the field management of the temporary-planted seedlings, the intertillage and water and fertilizer management, the prevention and treatment of diseases, worm grass and mice and the like are the same as the conventional production.
The substrate is a mixture of soil, peat soil, a biological bacteria solution and a paclobutrazol solution, the weight ratio of the biological bacteria is 1:2 of the mixture of EM bacteria and bacillus subtilis, the weight ratio of the soil to the peat soil in the substrate is 3:1, the amount of the paclobutrazol solution sprayed on each kilogram of the mixture of the soil and the peat soil is 50ml, the amount of the biological bacteria solution sprayed on each kilogram of the mixture of the soil and the peat soil is 30ml, wherein the concentration of the paclobutrazol solution is 1000ppm, and the concentration of the biological bacteria solution is the concentration of each gram of biological bacteria diluted by 100 times of water. The preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps: mixing soil and peat soil uniformly, spraying paclobutrazol solution, stirring uniformly, spraying biological bacteria solution, and stirring uniformly.
Example 2
A method for cultivating raw sugarcane by applying tissue culture single-plant temporary planting seedlings of sugarcane comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) the tissue culture of the sugarcane is carried out on single plant false planting and seedling cultivation: planting the tissue culture single-plant seedlings of the sugarcane with the independent root system into a seedling culture container filled with a substrate to culture strong seedlings;
(2) planting and managing the single false planted seedlings in the field:
the planting time of the field is winter and spring, and each 667m 2 Planting 1000 plants;
secondly, when the field is transplanted, the leaf age of a single pseudo-planted seedling is 8-12 leaves, the height of a pseudo stem of the seedling is 15cm, the planting row spacing is 1.4 meters, sufficient root fixing water is drenched after transplanting, and 0.5L of root fixing water is drenched for each seedling during transplanting, wherein the root fixing water contains 0.4 vt.% of monopotassium phosphate and 500ppm of mepiquat chloride;
thirdly, when the tillered sugarcane seedlings in the sugarcane field reach 6500 and the leaves of the tillered sugarcane seedlings reach 7-10 leaves, carrying out large ridging, wherein the number of effective stems of the sugarcane is 5000;
managing according to a conventional field management method to obtain raw sugarcane, harvesting the raw sugarcane, and applying 0.8kg of decomposed chicken manure to each basket perennial root; during the cultivation of the tissue-cultured single-plant temporary-planted seedlings of the sugarcane, attention is paid to the prevention and treatment of diseases and pests such as brown spot, tiger spot, aphids, thrips, borers and the like, the field management of the temporary-planted seedlings, the intertillage and water and fertilizer management, the prevention and treatment of diseases, worm grass and mice and the like are the same as the conventional production.
The substrate is a mixture of soil, peat soil, a biological bacteria solution and a paclobutrazol solution, the weight ratio of the biological bacteria is 1:3 of the mixture of EM bacteria and bacillus subtilis, the weight ratio of the soil to the peat soil in the substrate is 2:1, the amount of the paclobutrazol solution sprayed on each kilogram of the mixture of the soil and the peat soil is 100ml, and the amount of the biological bacteria solution sprayed on each kilogram of the mixture of the soil and the peat soil is 50ml, wherein the concentration of the paclobutrazol solution is 2000ppm, and the concentration of the biological bacteria solution is 150 times that of each gram of biological bacteria diluted by adding water. The preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps: mixing soil and peat soil uniformly, spraying paclobutrazol solution, stirring uniformly, spraying biological bacteria solution, and stirring uniformly.
Example 3
A method for cultivating raw sugarcane by applying tissue culture single-plant temporary planting seedlings of sugarcane comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) the tissue culture of the sugarcane is carried out on single plant false planting and seedling cultivation: planting the tissue culture single-plant seedlings of the sugarcane with the independent root system into a seedling culture container filled with a substrate to culture strong seedlings;
(2) planting and managing the single-plant pseudo-planted seedlings in the field:
the planting time of the field is winter and spring, and each 667m 2 Planting 900 plants;
secondly, when the field is transplanted, the leaf age of the single pseudo-planted seedling is 8-12 leaves, the average height of a pseudo stem of the seedling is 25cm, the average cultivation row spacing is 1.3 meters, sufficient root fixing water is drenched after the transplanting, and 0.8L of root fixing water is drenched for each seedling during the transplanting, wherein the root fixing water contains 0.3vt percent of monopotassium phosphate and 300ppm of mepiquat chloride;
thirdly, when the tillered seedlings in the sugarcane field reach 6000 and the leaves of the tillered sugarcane seedlings reach 7-10 leaves, carrying out large ridging, wherein the effective stems of the sugarcanes are 5500;
managing according to a conventional field management method to obtain raw sugarcane, harvesting the raw sugarcane, and applying 0.8kg of rotten chicken manure to each root of the roots; during the cultivation of the tissue-cultured single-plant temporary-planted seedlings of the sugarcane, attention is paid to the prevention and treatment of diseases and pests such as brown spot, tiger spot, aphids, thrips, borers and the like, the field management of the temporary-planted seedlings, the intertillage and water and fertilizer management, the prevention and treatment of diseases, worm grass and mice and the like are the same as the conventional production.
The substrate is a mixture of soil, peat soil, a biological bacteria solution and a paclobutrazol solution, the weight ratio of the biological bacteria is 1:2.5 of the mixture of EM bacteria and bacillus subtilis, the weight ratio of the soil to the peat soil in the substrate is 2.5:1, the amount of the paclobutrazol solution sprayed on each kilogram of the mixture of the soil and the peat soil is 80ml, the amount of the biological bacteria solution sprayed on each kilogram of the mixture of the soil and the peat soil is 40ml, wherein the concentration of the paclobutrazol solution is 1500ppm, and the concentration of the biological bacteria solution is the concentration of each gram of biological bacteria diluted by 125 times of water. The preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps: mixing soil and peat soil uniformly, spraying paclobutrazol solution, stirring uniformly, spraying biological bacteria solution, and stirring uniformly.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 3 is: the matrix was free of paclobutrazol, as in example 3.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 3 is: the substrate was free of biological bacteria, as in example 3.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 3 is: the same as in example 3 is applied to perennial roots without applying decomposed chicken manure after the raw sugarcane is harvested for the previous year.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 3 is: the substrate does not contain paclobutrazol and biological bacteria, and after the raw sugarcane is harvested in the previous year, decomposed chicken manure is not applied to perennial roots, and the rest is the same as the example 3.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 3 is: the procedure of example 3 was followed except that Bacillus subtilis was replaced with Bacillus licheniformis.
Test case 1
(1) Design, materials and methods of testing
The test site is a test site of a university of Guangxi agricultural academy of sciences, the test site is perennial sugarcane of the 1 st year, the variety is New Tabantang No. 22, the area is 2 hectares, and the test time is 2017, 2 months, 29 days to 2020, 12 months and 28 days. The test is repeated for 3 times, each test cell has 20 rows, the row length is 20m, and the row spacing is 1m, and the specific treatment is as follows:
treatment 1: planting according to the method of example 3;
and (3) treatment 2: planting according to the method of comparative example 1;
and (3) treatment: planting according to the method of comparative example 2;
and (4) treatment: planting according to the method of the comparative example 3;
and (4) treatment 5: planting according to the method of the comparative example 4;
and (6) treatment: the planting was carried out according to the method of comparative example 5.
The management conditions are the same, and the specific field management is carried out according to local habits. The test process investigates the properties of germination rate, plant growth rate, tillering rate, stem length, stem diameter and the like of each treatment, and specific results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Main indices of the treatments
As can be seen from Table 1, the method of the invention can directly cultivate the raw sugarcane by tissue culture single plant temporary planting, which not only has high yield, but also can prolong the perennial root life of the sugarcane. The substrate in the treatment 2 does not contain paclobutrazol, the germination rate, the plant growing rate and the tillering rate of the raw material sugarcane are lower, the stem diameter is smaller, the stem length is shorter, the raw material sugarcane is planted by tissue culture single plant temporary planting seedling of the sugarcane, the quality and the yield of the raw material sugarcane are not favorably improved, the yield is not as fast as one year, and the perennial root age of the raw material sugarcane is not favorably prolonged; the substrate in the treatment 3 does not contain biological bacteria, the germination rate, the plant growing rate and the tillering rate of the material sugarcane are low, the stem diameter is small, the stem length is short, the quality and the yield of the raw material sugarcane are not improved by using a tissue culture single plant to plant seedlings in a temporary manner to cultivate the raw material sugarcane, the yield is not as high as one year, the yield is reduced quickly, and the perennial root life of the raw material sugarcane is not prolonged; from the treatment 4, after the raw material sugarcane is harvested one year before harvesting, decomposed chicken manure is not applied to the perennial roots, the quality and the yield of the raw material sugarcane are not improved, and the perennial root age of the raw material sugarcane is not prolonged well; the substrate in the treatment step 5 does not contain paclobutrazol and biological bacteria, and after the raw material sugarcane is harvested in the previous year, decomposed chicken manure is not applied to perennial roots, so that the data show that the yield of the raw material sugarcane is extremely low, and the economic benefit is not high; in the step 6, after the bacillus subtilis is replaced by the bacillus licheniformis in the composition of the biological bacteria, the germination rate, the plant growth rate and the tillering rate of the raw material sugarcane are lower, the stem diameter is smaller, the stem length is shorter, the yield is reduced faster than one year after one year, and the biological bacteria EM and the bacillus subtilis have a synergistic effect, can promote the growth of the sugarcane and prolong the perennial root life of the raw material sugarcane. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the raw material sugarcane is directly cultivated by the tissue culture single plant temporary planting seedling of the sugarcane, the obtained raw material sugarcane is long in stem and thick in stem, and the yield is high, and the yield of the raw material sugarcane is reduced in the fourth year of cultivation, so that the method provided by the invention is used for directly cultivating the raw material sugarcane by the tissue culture single plant temporary planting seedling of the sugarcane, the yield is high, and the perennial period of the sugarcane can be prolonged.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for cultivating raw sugarcane by applying tissue culture single-plant temporary planting seedlings of sugarcane is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the tissue culture of the sugarcane is carried out on single plant false planting and seedling cultivation: planting the tissue culture single plant seedlings of the sugarcane with the independent root system into a seedling culture container filled with a substrate to culture strong seedlings; the substrate is a mixture of soil, peat soil, a biological bacteria solution and a paclobutrazol solution;
(2) planting and managing the single false planted seedlings in the field:
the planting time of the field is winter and spring, and each 667m 2 Planting 800-1000 plants;
secondly, when the field is transplanted, the row spacing of the cultivation is 1.2-1.4 meters, and sufficient root fixing water is drenched after the transplantation;
thirdly, when the number of tillered seedlings in the sugarcane field reaches more than 6000 and the leaves of the tillered sugarcane seedlings reach 7-10 leaves, carrying out large ridging, wherein the number of effective stems of the sugarcanes is more than 5000;
fourthly, managing according to a conventional field management method to obtain raw sugarcane;
in the second step, each seedling is drenched with 0.5-1.0L of rooting water during transplanting, wherein the rooting water contains 0.2-0.4 vt% of monopotassium phosphate and 100ppm of mepiquat chloride;
the weight ratio of the soil to the peat soil in the matrix is 2-3:1, the amount of the paclobutrazol solution sprayed on each kilogram of soil and peat soil mixture is 50-100ml, and the amount of the biological bacteria solution sprayed on each kilogram of soil and peat soil mixture is 30-50ml, wherein the concentration of the paclobutrazol solution is 1000-2000ppm, and the concentration of the biological bacteria solution is 150 times that of each gram of biological bacteria diluted by adding water;
the substrate contains biological bacteria, and the weight ratio of the biological bacteria is 1:2-3 of the mixture of EM bacteria and bacillus subtilis.
2. The method for cultivating the raw sugarcane by applying the tissue culture single plant temporary planting seedlings of the sugarcane as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the substrate comprises the following steps: mixing soil and peat soil uniformly, spraying paclobutrazol solution, stirring uniformly, spraying biological bacteria solution, and stirring uniformly.
3. The method for cultivating the raw sugarcane by applying the tissue culture single plant temporary planting seedlings of the sugarcane as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the single plant temporary planting seedling is transplanted to a field, the leaf age is 8-12 leaves, and the height of the pseudostem of the seedling is 15-30 cm.
4. The method for cultivating the raw sugarcane by applying the tissue culture single plant temporary planting seedlings of the sugarcane as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the field management of the single-plant pseudo-planted seedlings is carried out, when the tillering seedling number of the sugarcane field reaches 6000-7000 plants and the leaf blade of the tillering sugarcane seedling reaches 7-10 leaves, the large soil cultivation is carried out, and the effective stem number of the sugarcane is ensured to be more than 5000 plants.
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