CN102577785B - Outdoor transplanting and temporary planting method of stock seedlings of healthy sugarcane seedlings - Google Patents
Outdoor transplanting and temporary planting method of stock seedlings of healthy sugarcane seedlings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an outdoor transplanting and temporary planting method of stock seedlings of healthy sugarcane seedlings, comprising the following processes: outdoor land preparation and bed preparation; transplantation matrix preparation; sparse planting and transplanting of the stock seedlings; short-term heat preservation and moisture preservation; management of water, fertilizers and pesticides; and outplanting. In the invention, the production technology system of the biochemical virus removal of healthy sugarcane seedlings is established, the technical problems of virus removal and rapid propagation of sugarcane axillary buds are effectively solved; the seedling-growing cost is low; the seedling-growing time is short; the seedling-growing survival rate is high; the obtained biochemical virus-free healthy sugarcane seedlings have the characteristics of strong tillering rate, high stem forming rate, rapid growth speed, high ratooning rate and the like; the yield per unit area is improved by more than 30%; the sucrose content is improved by 0.5-1.0%; and the using amount of seedlings is saved by more than 60%. The outdoor transplanting and temporary planting method of the invention has great significance for solving the problems of serious degeneration of the sugarcane varieties and low breeding speed of the certified seedlings, plays an active role of promoting the popularization and application of healthy sugarcane seedlings and has important economic and social benefits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to open-air transplanting of sugarcane and heel in the field, relate to open-air transplanting of the former seedling of a kind of sugarcane health seedling and heel in method, the method for relate in particular to a kind of sugarcane health seedling original seed transplantation of seedlings hardening, heeling in.
Background technology
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is of paramount importance in the world sugar [yielding and energy crop, and sugarcane sugar accounts for about 94% of China's sugar gross yield.Sugarcane is the important economic crops of China torrid zone, subtropical zone, is the important source of these regional local finance at county level, is the important source of finance of increasing peasant income.In recent years, also sugarcane is studied as a kind of important energy crop and utilized.
China sugarcane mainly is distributed in provinces and regions such as Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong and Hainan, and cultivated area remains on about 2,300 ten thousand mu, and the sugarcane gross yield is about 9,000 ten thousand tons, and cane suger is about 10,720,000 tons.67.9 tons/hectare of the average per unit area yields of China sugarcane (Hainan sugarcane per unit area yield is lower than this average level) are lower than state'ss (75～90 tons/hectare) such as the U.S., Australia and South Africa at present.
In sugarcane production, vegetative propagation of many seasons and perennial root cultivation for many years subjects to infecting repeatedly and endangering of some pathogens.According to investigations, the main disease of harm sugarcane production has pineapple disease, red rot, smut, red spot, mosaic disease and ratoon stunting disease etc.Wherein the harm of mosaic of sugarcane and ratoon stunting disease is even more serious, and the susceptible rate of these two kinds of diseases can be up to 100% during arid.According to Brazilian Li Zengsheng (Lee.T.S.G) doctor, the healthy breeding of all sugar cane breeds uses after 5 years on producing, equal 100% infects ratoon stunting disease, Brazil since ratoon stunting disease, virus disease cause sugarcane yield be lost in 10～50%, arid sugarcane district is even more serious.Up to the present do not find also that any kind can resist ratoon stunting disease.In China sugarcane district, mosaic disease, ratoon stunting disease are also quite general, and all cultivars all are subjected to harm in various degree, and general ratoon stunting disease can make the sugarcane underproduction 10%～30%, mosaic disease makes the sugarcane underproduction 10%～40%, and the arid area disease is even more serious.Mosaic disease, ratoon stunting disease have become China sugarcane district sugarcane unit are and have produced the key constraints that sugarcane amount and output of sugar improve, and remove causing harm of these diseases to have important economy and realistic meaning.
Mosaic of sugarcane and ratoon stunting disease are to produce at present to go up the disease that adopts general physical and chemical method to be difficult to eliminate, and often cause after sugarcane is susceptible that the sugarcane plant becomes short, internode shortens, sugar descends, and make that sugarcane yield reduces, quality descends.Show with correlative study that according to the literature adopting the sugarcane health seedling plantation is to remove these diseases effective method the most.The mating system of sugarcane health seedling has several, such as with sugarcane kind stem with emerge in worm water method (Yunnan sugarcane institute), adopt tissue-culturing rapid propagation method (Brazil, China Guangxi sugarcane institute, Guangzhou sugarcane institute etc.) after the lukewarm water water treatment, adopt biochemical detoxifying fast breeding method (China tropic Agriculture Academy Sciences tropic Biotechnology Research Institute) etc.At present, biochemical detoxification health seedling in China Guangxi, the vast sugarcane district in Yunnan, Hainan applies, all performance is better.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides the former seedling of a kind of sugarcane health seedling the open-air method of heeling in of transplanting at the deficiencies in the prior art, application cell biology, molecular biology, principles such as crop genetics and farming, set up the biochemical detoxification health seedling of sugarcane production technology system, solved sugarcane axillalry bud detoxification (mosaic disease effectively, ratoon stunting disease etc.) fast numerous technical barrier, it is strong that the biochemical detoxification health seedling of gained sugarcane has a tillering capacity, become stem rate height, fast growth, perennial root is sent out characteristics such as the strain rate is strong, can improve the sugarcane per unit area yield, improve sucrose and divide content, save sowing quantity, China's sugar cane breed is degenerated seriously and the slow-footed difficult problem of stock breeding is significant to solving.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention:
The open-air transplanting of the former seedling of a kind of sugarcane health seedling heeled in method, comprises the furrow process that rises, transplanting medium process for preparation, former seedling thin planting transplanting process, short-term heat and moisture preserving process, liquid manure pencil reason process in the open wholely, goes out the garden process, and its step is as follows:
1, plays the furrow process in the open wholely
Selected nursery lot is carried out rotary tillage, dark plough, rotary tillage, plays furrow, and furrow are high 0.2 meter, 1 meter of furrow face width, and 0.5 meter of furrow furrow width is raked the furrow face.
2, transplanting medium process for preparation
Comprise and spread fertilizer over the fields insecticide, fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, 4 programs of material which can retain moisture.Insecticide, fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are spread fertilizer over the fields on the furrow face, mix thoroughly with 5 centimetres of tables of furrow face soil, cover the dispenser material which can retain moisture at the furrow face then, consumption is for covering furrow face 5 cm thicks.Described insecticide is meant insecticides such as phoxim, 2～3 kilograms of every mu of usefulness; Described fertilizer is meant humans and animals (pig, ox, sheep, chicken etc. are held fowl) ight soil, cake fertilizer etc., 1000～2000 kilograms of every mu of usefulness; Described inorganic fertilizer is meant that urea, potash fertilizer, superphosphate are composited, its N: P: the K ratio is 2.5～3: 1: 1.5, and 200～250 kilograms of every mu of usefulness; Described material which can retain moisture is meant coconut palm chaff, bagasse etc.
3, former seedling thin planting is transplanted process
Comprise the processing of furrow face, former seedling cleaning and sterilization, 3 programs of original seed transplantation of seedlings.
Before transplanting 2～3 days, the furrow face of putting material which can retain moisture is carried out the sprinkle bactericide, every square metre drenches 10 kilograms of 500 times of liquid of bactericide, covers completely with plastic foil, transplants seedlings and opens plastic foil, the water of drenching in preceding 1 day; The former seedling of sugarcane health seedling was placed on shady and cool place 2～3 days, cuts off sack then or open bottle cap, placed 1～2 day, former seedling is taken out, place in the mobile clear water basin medium is cleaned up, soaked 3～5 minutes with 800 times of liquid of bactericide then, take out and dry moisture in the cool; Push the material which can retain moisture on the furrow face aside the back is crossed by cleaning treatment former seedling and plant into compacting, the normal root water of drenching, the transplanting specification is 8 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 12～15 centimetres of line-spacings, 2～3 centimetres of transplanting depths.
Described bactericide is meant carbendazim or tpn.
4, short-term heat and moisture preserving process
Be converted into arc with 2.5～3 meters bamboo lets or iron wire, be inserted in furrow face both sides, cover the white plastic film then, opened plastic foil in 3～5 days and drench a water, cover completely then, withdrew from plastic foil in 15～18 days.
Among the present invention,, withdrew from the sunshade net in 13～15 days if sun light intensity adds the lid layer obscurity and be 90% sunshade net.
5, liquid manure pencil reason process
Former seedling children is tender for sugarcane health seedling, needs to keep humidity in the transplanting process, requires the nursery stock upright blade to unfold after the interval requirement of epiphragma keeps furrow face humidity, removes film, does not occur wilting; After withdrawing from plastic foil, begin to drench and execute liquid manure, drench 10 kilograms for every square metre by 0.3% urea water for the first time, the urea water by 0.5% after 5 days is drenched 10 kilograms for every square metre, later on added 0.2% compound rich water by 0.3% urea and drench 10 kilograms, the preceding 10 days not trickle fertilizer of emerging for every square metre every 5 days; In the growth of seedling process, remove behind the plastic foil and to spray 1 time with killing snout moth's larva worm agent medicament in 10 days, go out the garden and sprayed again 1 time in preceding 7 days.
Described snout moth's larva worm agent medicament extremely is that dimehypo or Du Pont's health are wide.
6, go out the garden process
Behind the seedling growth 1.5～2.5 months, stem begins to tiller, and height of seedling can go out the garden for 30～40 centimetres, wipes out leaf behind the outplanting slightly, with adding the mud water slurry root that kills snout moth's larva worm agent medicament, can load and transport out the garden again.
Application cell biology of the present invention, molecular biology, principles such as crop genetics and farming, set up the biochemical detoxification health seedling of sugarcane production technology system, solved sugarcane axillalry bud detoxification (mosaic disease effectively, ratoon stunting disease etc.) fast numerous technical barrier, avoided sugarcane health seedling to transplant through green house, hardening, the complicated processes of heeling in again, both reduced seedling cost significantly, shortened seedling raise period, improved the survival rate of growing seedlings again, it is strong that the biochemical detoxification health seedling of gained sugarcane has a tillering capacity, become stem rate height, fast growth, perennial root is sent out characteristics such as the strain rate is strong, can improve the sugarcane per unit area yield more than 30%, improve sucrose and divide content 0.5-1.0 percentage point, save sowing quantity more than 60%, China's sugar cane breed is degenerated seriously and the slow-footed difficult problem of stock breeding is significant to solving, applying of sugarcane health seedling played positive impetus, had important economic and social benefit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment one
1, plays the furrow process in the open wholely
Selected nursery lot (without green house) is carried out rotary tillage (15～30 centimetres), dark plough (35～45 centimetres), rotary tillage (20～30 centimetres), plays furrow, and furrow are high 0.2 meter, 1 meter of furrow face width, and 0.5 meter of furrow furrow width is raked the furrow face.
2, transplanting medium process for preparation
Comprise and spread fertilizer over the fields insecticide, fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, 4 programs of material which can retain moisture.(people and pig, ox, sheep, chicken etc. are held ight soil, cake fertilizer of fowl etc. with phoxim insecticide (every mu usefulness 2～3 kilograms), fertilizer, 1000～2000 kilograms of every mu of usefulness) and inorganic fertilizer (be composited by urea, potash fertilizer, superphosphate, its N: P: the K ratio is 2.5～3: 1: 1.5,200～250 kilograms of every mu of usefulness) spread fertilizer over the fields on the furrow face, mix thoroughly with 5 centimetres of tables of furrow face soil again, cover the dispenser material which can retain moisture at the furrow face then, consumption is for covering furrow face 5 cm thicks.Described material which can retain moisture is meant coconut palm chaff, bagasse etc.
3, former seedling thin planting is transplanted process
Before transplanting 2～3 days, the furrow face of putting material which can retain moisture is carried out sprinkle bactericide (carbendazim or tpn), and every square metre drenches 10 kilograms of 500 times of liquid of bactericide, covers completely with plastic foil, transplant seedlings and opened plastic foil in preceding 1 day, (soil moisture content reaches 18～22% to the water of drenching; The material which can retain moisture water content is 250～300%); The former seedling of sugarcane health seedling was placed on shady and cool place 2～3 days, cuts off sack then or open bottle cap, placed 1～2 day, former seedling is taken out, place in the mobile clear water basin medium is cleaned up, soaked 3～5 minutes with 800 times of liquid of bactericide then, take out and dry moisture in the cool; Push the material which can retain moisture on the furrow face aside the back is crossed by cleaning treatment former seedling and plant into compacting, the normal root water of drenching, the transplanting specification is 8 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 12～15 centimetres of line-spacings, 2～3 centimetres of transplanting depths.
4, short-term heat and moisture preserving process
Be converted into arc with 2.5～3 meters bamboo lets or iron wire, be inserted in furrow face both sides, cover the white plastic film then and (add the lid layer obscurity and be 90% sunshade net, withdrew from the sunshade net in 13～15 days), open plastic foil in 3～5 days and drench a water, cover completely then, withdrew from plastic foil in 15～18 days.
Illustrate:
(1) plants soil, material which can retain moisture water content in back 10 days: behind seedling growth, the water of drenching, drenched 1 water, and reached soil moisture content 15～20% in per 3 days; Material which can retain moisture (referring to bagasse, coconut palm chaff etc.) water content is 180～220%.
(2) air humidity: air humidity remains on 70～85% in the little shed, and wherein morning, afternoon, evening, can not be lower than 70% noon 75～85%.
(3) temperature: temperature remains on 25～33 ℃ in the little shed, and wherein the furrow surface temperature is at 23-28 ℃, 25～30 ℃ of the overhead 15cm of furrow face place temperature, and temperature is 25～33 ℃ under the shading net.
(4) light transmittance: after shading net covered, the 7 days iuuminting rates of transplanting seedlings were 10～15%, and 7～15 days iuuminting rates of transplanting seedlings are 15～35%.Can withdraw from shading net after general 15 days.
With this understanding, seedling 4500 strains are transplanted in test, survive 4300 strains, transplanting survival rate 95%.
5, liquid manure pencil reason process
Former seedling children is tender for sugarcane health seedling, needs to keep humidity in the transplanting process, requires the nursery stock upright blade to unfold after the interval requirement of epiphragma keeps furrow face humidity, removes film, does not occur wilting; After withdrawing from plastic foil, begin to drench and execute liquid manure, drench 10 kilograms for every square metre by 0.3% urea water for the first time, the urea water by 0.5% after 5 days is drenched 10 kilograms for every square metre, later on added 0.2% compound rich water by 0.3% urea and drench 10 kilograms, the preceding 10 days not trickle fertilizer of emerging for every square metre every 5 days; In the growth of seedling process, remove behind the plastic foil and to spray (spraying concentration is carried out by operation instruction) 1 time with killing snout moth's larva worm agent medicament (dimehypo or Du Pont's health are wide) in 10 days, go out the garden and sprayed again 1 time in preceding 7 days.
6, go out the garden process
Behind the seedling growth 1.5～2.5 months (winter, seedling raise period was long, and spring and summer, seedling raise period was short), stem begins to tiller, and height of seedling can go out the garden for 30～40 centimetres.Go out the preceding 1 day water of drenching in garden, when going out the garden seedling is pulled up or scoop up from the root bottom, wipe out leaf slightly, bind with the sugarcane leaf, with adding the mud water slurry root that kills snout moth's larva worm agent medicament, can load and transport out the garden again by every bundle 10 strains with shovel.
This heel in seedling when field planting according to " 1 year two adopt method " (under the weather conditions of Hainan) plantation, heel in seed and plant season, 0.5 meter * 1.2 meters of seeding row spacings, the plantation back first generation seedling of can gathering in 6-7 month in the 2-3 month in every year.General tillering capacity is at 800-1000%, and every mu of seed yield is 4-5 ton (body piece is done kind); Plant a generation after the seed collecting again, use for producing cultivation in gathering in the 2-3 month of next year.Plantation this time, tillering capacity is at 400-500%, and every mu of seed yield is 4-5 ton (body piece is done kind).According to inventor's follow-up study, not plant under the prerequisite of conventional sugarcane in 5 kilometers at soil not infected (not planting the soil of sugarcane in 5 years) and periphery, in 5 generations, this health seedling does not infect sugarcane ratoon stunting disease, mosaic of sugarcane.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. method is heeled in the open-air transplanting of the former seedling of sugarcane health seedling, it is characterized in that, comprise the furrow process that rises, transplanting medium process for preparation, former seedling thin planting transplanting process, short-term heat and moisture preserving process, liquid manure pencil reason process in the open wholely, go out the garden process, its step is as follows:
1), plays the furrow process in the open wholely
Selected nursery lot is carried out rotary tillage, dark plough, rotary tillage, plays furrow, and furrow are high 0.2 meter, 1 meter of furrow face width, and 0.5 meter of furrow furrow width is raked the furrow face;
2), transplanting medium process for preparation
Comprise and spread fertilizer over the fields insecticide, fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, 4 programs of material which can retain moisture; Insecticide, fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are spread fertilizer over the fields on the furrow face, mix thoroughly with 5 centimetres of tables of furrow face soil, cover the dispenser material which can retain moisture at the furrow face then, consumption is for covering furrow face 5 cm thicks; Described insecticide is meant phoxim insecticide, 2～3 kilograms of every mu of usefulness; Described fertilizer is meant the ight soil or the cake fertilizer of humans and animals, 1000～2000 kilograms of every mu of usefulness; Described inorganic fertilizer is meant that urea, potash fertilizer, superphosphate are composited, its N: P: the K ratio is 2.5～3: 1: 1.5, and 200～250 kilograms of every mu of usefulness; Described material which can retain moisture is meant coconut palm chaff or bagasse;
3), former seedling thin planting is transplanted process
Before transplanting 2～3 days, the furrow face of putting material which can retain moisture is carried out the sprinkle bactericide, every square metre drenches 10 kilograms of 500 times of liquid of bactericide, covers completely with plastic foil, transplants seedlings and opens plastic foil, the water of drenching in preceding 1 day; The former seedling of sugarcane health seedling was placed on shady and cool place 2～3 days, cuts off sack then or open bottle cap, placed 1～2 day, former seedling is taken out, place in the mobile clear water basin medium is cleaned up, soaked 3～5 minutes with 800 times of liquid of bactericide then, take out and dry moisture in the cool; Push the material which can retain moisture on the furrow face aside the back is crossed by cleaning treatment former seedling and plant into compacting, the normal root water of drenching, the transplanting specification is 8 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 12～15 centimetres of line-spacings, 2～3 centimetres of transplanting depths;
4), short-term heat and moisture preserving process
Be converted into arc with 2.5～3 meters bamboo lets or iron wire, be inserted in furrow face both sides, cover the white plastic film then, opened plastic foil in 3～5 days and drench a water, cover completely then, withdrew from plastic foil in 15～18 days;
5), liquid manure pencil reason process
Former seedling children is tender for sugarcane health seedling, needs to keep humidity in the transplanting process, requires the nursery stock upright blade to unfold after the interval requirement of epiphragma keeps furrow face humidity, removes film, does not occur wilting; After withdrawing from plastic foil, begin to drench and execute liquid manure, drench 10 kilograms for every square metre by 0.3% urea water for the first time, the urea water by 0.5% after 5 days is drenched 10 kilograms for every square metre, later on added 0.2% compound rich water by 0.3% urea and drench 10 kilograms, the preceding 10 days not trickle fertilizer of emerging for every square metre every 5 days; In the growth of seedling process, remove behind the plastic foil and to spray 1 time with killing snout moth's larva worm agent medicament in 10 days, go out the garden and sprayed again 1 time in preceding 7 days;
6), go out the garden process
Behind the seedling growth 1.5～2.5 months, stem begins to tiller, and height of seedling can go out the garden for 30～40 centimetres, wipes out leaf behind the outplanting slightly, with adding the mud water slurry root that kills snout moth's larva worm agent medicament, can load and transport out the garden again.
2. open-air transplanting of the former seedling of sugarcane health seedling according to claim 1 heeled in method, and it is characterized in that: described bactericide is meant carbendazim or tpn.
3. open-air transplanting of the former seedling of sugarcane health seedling according to claim 1 heeled in method, it is characterized in that: in the short-term heat and moisture preserving process, add the lid layer obscurity and be 90% sunshade net on plastic foil.
4. open-air transplanting of the former seedling of sugarcane health seedling according to claim 1 heeled in method, it is characterized in that: described snout moth's larva worm agent medicament extremely is that dimehypo or Du Pont's health are wide.
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| CN103355090B (en) * | 2013-08-01 | 2015-01-21 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | High-density expanding propagation method of healthy sugarcane seedlings |
| CN104770173B (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2017-05-17 | 云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所 | High-efficiency seedling cultivation method for promoting premature tillering of sugarcane tissue cultured seedlings |
| CN109618696B (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2020-10-20 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院甘蔗研究所 | Method for 3-time repeated transplanting and rapid breeding of sugarcane healthy seedling stock seedlings |
| CN113545268B (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2022-09-09 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for cultivating raw sugarcane by applying tissue culture single-plant temporary-planted seedlings of sugarcane |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104756745A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-07-08 | 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 | Weeding-free transplanting method for sugarcane detoxification original seedling |
| CN104756745B (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2017-09-19 | 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 | A kind of sugarcane detoxication original seed seedling exempts careless method for transplanting |
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| CN102577785A (en) | 2012-07-18 |
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