CN101554119A - Ecological planting method of gentiana rigescens - Google Patents
Ecological planting method of gentiana rigescens Download PDFInfo
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- CN101554119A CN101554119A CNA2009100943423A CN200910094342A CN101554119A CN 101554119 A CN101554119 A CN 101554119A CN A2009100943423 A CNA2009100943423 A CN A2009100943423A CN 200910094342 A CN200910094342 A CN 200910094342A CN 101554119 A CN101554119 A CN 101554119A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ecological planting method of gentiana rigescens, which belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. The method comprises the following concrete steps: by utilizing old tea gardens, young tea gardens and the vacant fields in orchard gardens, the ecological planting of gentiana rigescens is performed when ploughing, weeding and fertilization are performed in tea gardens or pawpaw gardens; before sowing, the seeds are dipped for 24 hours in giberellin 200 ppm and 0.5 percent carbendazol wettable powder, then the seeds are fished out and mixed with wet fin sand which is 20 times of the seeds for uniformly sowing; generally weeding and fertilization are not performed during the seedling stage; thinning and complementary planting of seedling are performed when ploughing, weeding and fertilization are performed in tea gardens or orchard gardens after rainy season in May the next year, and a small amount of decaying manure is fertilized; top pruning and bud picking are performed in November; and excavating is performed in December of the third year or when the aboveground plant is withered away. The method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, capability of saving land resource and manpower, environment protection, easy popularization and high economic benefit. The method lays good foundation for the manual scale planting of the gentiana rigescens and has good economic, social and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the ecology planting method of a kind of Yunnan rough gentian, platymiscium culture technique field.
Background technology:
Yunnan rough gentian (Gentiana rigescens) has another name called hard rough gentian, is Gentianaceae, Gentiana herbaceos perennial.Originate in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, Guangxi.Be born in patana, the shrubbery, in sylvan life and the mountain valley, height above sea level 1100-3000 rice.Rhizome and root are used as medicine, and one of former plant of Chinese medicine rough gentian of including for " middle people's republic pharmacopeia " for large traditional Chinese medicine commonly used, is found a good sale in domestic each department, has effects such as heat-clearing and damp-drying drug, purging the liver of pathogenic fire courage fire.Yunnan felwort growth cycle is long, and root system is undeveloped, and natural crude drugs are difficult to meet the need of market, and because long-term unordered excavating also makes resource be on the verge of exhaustion.
In order fundamentally to solve the raw material problem of Yunnan rough gentian, people's artificial planting technique of beginning to carry out the Yunnan rough gentian is groped in recent years, but artificial planting Yunnan rough gentian owing to be faced with occupies cultivated land, quality of medicinal material descends and the deterioration of the ecological environment etc. a difficult problem, planting cost is higher simultaneously, and economic benefit is not high.Therefore, have only effective, the economic ecologic planting of realization Yunnan rough gentian could satisfy demand, the assurance quality of medicinal material of market, realize the sustainable development of industry Yunnan rough gentian medicinal raw material.
By literature search, do not see the open report identical with the present invention.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to make full use of the land resources in orchard, old tea place or children tea place in age, provide a kind of economic benefit high Yunnan rough gentian ecology planting method for effectively solving the raw material problem of Yunnan rough gentian.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved by following technical proposals:
1. put in order to choosing ground: select between the height above sea level 1500-2200 rice, deep, loose fertile bigger old tea place, orchard or the tea place in young age below 3 years of spacing in the rows of soil layer, before arriving annual rainy season (April is to May), when turn over for the first time in the tea place that ground is smooth, remove weeds, hold the drain ditch successfully, apply the farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed according to convention amount.
2. sowing: generally (mid-May is to early June) sowed after arriving rainy season, adopts and broadcasts sowing or drilling, broadcasts preceding the immersion with gibberellin 200ppm and plants 24 hours, pulls back and 10 times of wet fine sands out and mixes seeding quantity 100g/ mu.
3. seedling management: be the growth of seedling phase 1 year vegetative period of Yunnan rough gentian, and the Yunnan rough gentian is 20 days under 18-20 ℃ of temperature
Emerge, note seedling stage not allowing cattle and sheep trample on seedling, note keeping a full stand of seedings during arid.
4. field management: in 1 year beginning of spring, the Yunnan rough gentian enters the growth animated period.In the tea place or the orchard begins to turn over, simultaneously the Yunnan rough gentian is carried out weeding, ridging and fertilising when weeding, fertilising.Do not hinder seedling when noting weeding therebetween, note ridging during weeding, execute farmyard manure 1500kg/ mu simultaneously, perhaps then needn't apply fertilizer to the tea tree fertilising.
Yunnan Gentiana drought-enduring plant only need utilize the nature rainwater to pour water.But will note draining during rainy season, in case mashed root or disease take place.
5 pluck flower bud: the part plant will bloom in 1 year, in order to guarantee medicinal material output, pinched when forming bud, caused nutrition leak in case bloom.
6 reserve seed for planting: selected eugonic plant to reserve seed for planting on the 3rd year, and treated that corolla withered, connect corolla when seed is mature on the whole and pluck together, dry the back rubbing and the removal of impurity.
7 gather: excavate when the December in the 3rd year or acrial part plant are withered, note reducing the damage of root as far as possible, after excavating, wipe out acrial part, rhizome is dried in the air rub with hand rubbing when half-dried, epidermis and earth are rubbed with the hands gone, obtain the Yunnan rough gentian after drying after the shaping.
The present invention has simple to operate, and cost is low, is easy to promote, and saves the soil, increases advantages such as tea place or orchard income, establishes good basis for the artificial scale plantation of Yunnan rough gentian, has good economic benefit, ecological benefits and social benefit.
Embodiment:
1, choosing ground and whole ground:
A selects ground: select between the height above sea level 1500-2200 rice, year precipitation is at ± 1000mm, weather is moistening, the free of contamination area of atmosphere, irrigation water and soil, require deep, loose fertile, the well-drained aged tea place of plantation ground soil layer, children tea place in age or orchard, the tea tree in wherein aged tea place, orchard or the seeding row spacing of fruit tree are unsuitable overstocked, and children tea place in age is generally the tea place in young age of 1-3, and requirement can not too cover.
The whole ground of b: after choosing ground, before arriving annual rainy season (the first tenday period of a month in April to May), turn in tea place or orchard, weeding or ground is smooth when applying fertilizer, and remove weeds, hold the drain ditch successfully, apply the farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed according to convention amount.
2, sowing and seedling management:
A sowing: (mid-May is to early June) sowing after arriving rainy season, employing is broadcasted sowing or drilling, broadcast preceding the immersion with gibberellin 200ppm and 0.5% carbendazim wettable powder and planted 24 hours, the doubly wet fine sand of pulling back and 20 out mixes the back sowing, and seeding quantity is a 100g/ mu.
The b seedling management: be the growth of seedling phase 1 year vegetative period of Yunnan rough gentian, and the Yunnan rough gentian was emerged in 20 days under 18 or 20 ℃ of temperature, notes seedling stage not allowing cattle and sheep trample on seedling, need water during the sky overdrying and keep a full stand of seedings.Not weeding in general 1 year, if weeds are overstocked, unsuitable uprooting weed prescinds grass with reaping hook.Generally do not apply fertilizer, can suitably execute thin liquid dung if the soil is too barren.
3, field management: second and third year is the growth animated period of Yunnan rough gentian.
The a thinning, fill the gaps with seedlings: interim (the 5-6 month) thinning in 1 year rainy season, fill the gaps with seedlings, keep seeding row spacing at ± 20cm.
B weeding, ridging or fertilising: carry out weeding, ridging in conjunction with tea place or orchard before arriving 1 year rainy season, do not injure root when noting weeding, ridging.And apply the farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed according to 1500kg/ mu, if to the tea tree fertilising then needn't be specially at the Yunnan rough gentian is applied fertilizer.
C Yunnan Gentiana drought-enduring plant only need utilize the nature rainwater to pour water.But will note draining during rainy season, in case mashed root or disease take place.
The management of d disease: at the time or the impeded drainage of excessive rainfall, anthracnose, rust and leaf spot easily take place in the Yunnan rough gentian.Every mu of usefulness 50% thiram wettable powder 500 grams are converted water 250-400 kilogram, and even spraying is prevented and treated anthracnose; Every mu of usefulness 50% carbendazol wettable powder 100-200 gram is converted water spray, sprays in their early stage, sprays altogether 2 times, 5-7 days at interval, prevents and treats leaf spot; With 2000-3000 times of liquid of 25% triadimefon wetting powder, every spray in 15-20 days 1 time, connect and spray 2-3 time, prevent and treat rust.
E plucks flower bud: the part plant will bloom in 1 year, in order to promote the root growth of Yunnan rough gentian, guaranteed medicinal material output, pinched when forming bud, caused nutrition leak in case bloom.
4, reserve seed for planting: the Yunnan rough gentian grows into the 3rd year, selects growth healthy plant vigorous, no damage by disease and insect to reserve seed for planting, and treats that corolla withers, and seed is mature on the whole and can plucks, and connects corolla and plucks together, dries the back rubbing, removes impurity and gets final product.
5, gather: when the December in the 3rd year or acrial part plant are withered, excavate, note reducing the damage of root as far as possible, after excavating, wipe out acrial part, rhizome is dried in the air rub with hand rubbing when half-dried, epidermis and earth are rubbed with the hands gone, obtain the Yunnan rough gentian after drying after the shaping.
The inventor according to above-mentioned method in Lincang City, Yunnan * * township specifically implements.Selected 1970 meters of height above sea level 20 old tea places, 3 young age the tea place and the pawpaw garden in implement, 20 old tea places and 3 young age the tea place tea tree breed be Yunnan large-leaf seed tea, in the pawpaw garden pawpaw is a native breed.The seeding row spacing of tea tree and pawpaw tree is 1.2m * 1.2m in old tea place and the pawpaw garden, the hillside fields, the gradient is 40 °, the seeding row spacing of children tea place tea tree in age is 60cm * 80cm, single file, tableland, three selected experimental field soil layers of test are deep, be rich in humus, climatic environment is moistening, and away from city and industrial pollution, atmosphere, water and soil earth all reach national grade ii standard.After spring tea is plucked at the beginning of 5 months, when taking advantage of the fertilising of tea place or pawpaw garden intertill and clean tillage, plough and broadcast Yunnan rough gentian kind, seed soaked 24 hours through gibberellin 200ppm and 0.5% carbendazim wettable powder before broadcasting, and the doubly wet fine sand of pulling back and 20 out mixes the back sowing.Seeding quantity is every mu and broadcasts 100g Yunnan rough gentian dry seeds.Not weeding in 1 year only prescinds its acrial part in the overstocked place of weeds with reaping hook.Take advantage of tea place or pawpaw garden intertill and clean tillage when fertilising after rainy season in May, second, thinning, fill the gaps with seedlings, and execute the farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed.Pinch November and pluck flower bud.The 3rd year, when treating that blade is withered December, excavate.Plant after 3 years, the highest per mu yield 136.4kg, average yield per mu Yunnan rough gentian 118.7kg, (2008 by 45 yuan of place of production procurement prices/kg) to produce 5343 yuan of economic benefits.See following table for details:
The different Yunnan of table one rough gentian planting patterns Other Main Agronomic Characters and economic indicator
| Planting patterns | Plant height cm | The long cm of root | The thick mm of root | The radical order | Single-strain fresh weight g | Total dry weight g | Density (strain/m 2) | Per mu yield kg | Every mu of economic benefit (unit) |
| 20 old tea places | 42.3 | 22.1 | 2.87 | 19.9 | 9.0 | 3.26 | 55 | 119.6 | 5382 |
| 3 young age the tea place | 39.2 | 20.7 | 2.51 | 11.9 | 5.7 | 11.3 | 181 | 136.4 | 6138 |
| The pawpaw garden | 33.0 | 23.7 | 2.65 | 11.3 | 4.1 | 1.43 | 105 | 100.2 | 4509 |
Claims (1)
1, the method for a kind of Yunnan rough gentian ecologic planting comprises choosing ground, sows and grows seedlings, field management and gathering and procedure of processing, it is characterized in that:
A selects ground: select between the height above sea level 1800-2200 rice, soil layer deep, loose fertile, draining good, seeding row spacing is unsuitable overstocked, not too cover old tea place, children tea place in age and orchard;
B. sow and grow seedlings: seed soaked 24 hours through gibberellin 200ppm and 0.5% carbendazim wettable powder before broadcasting, and pulled the back out and mixed back sowing, seeding quantity 100g/ mu with 20 doubly wet fine sand; Sowing time is that mid-May is to early June;
C. field management: when annual intertillage, weeding and fertilising the Yunnan rough gentian is carried out corresponding weeding fertilising and ridging management, execute farmyard manure 1500kg/ mu simultaneously, perhaps then needn't apply fertilizer to the tea tree fertilising to tea place or orchard; Yunnan rough gentian growing period only needs the nature rainwater to pour water, but will note draining during rainy season, in case mashed root or disease take place; Pinch and pluck flower bud in November, second;
D. gather and process: treat in December, the 3rd or excavate when plant part is withered on the ground, wipe out acrial part after excavating, rhizome is dried in the air rub with hand rubbing when half-dried, epidermis and earth are rubbed with the hands gone, obtain the Yunnan rough gentian after drying after the shaping.
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| CN2009100943423A CN101554119B (en) | 2009-04-13 | 2009-04-13 | Ecological planting method of gentiana rigescens |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102124879A (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2011-07-20 | 天津滨海国际花卉科技园区股份有限公司 | Water-conservation culture method for Exacum affine |
| CN102318476A (en) * | 2011-05-31 | 2012-01-18 | 山西圣济农牧发展有限公司 | Method for planting large-leaved gentian in sloping field |
| CN102626023A (en) * | 2012-04-01 | 2012-08-08 | 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 | Gentiana loureiri introduction and cultivation method and substrate |
| CN103583206A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-02-19 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Relay intercropping and crop rotation ecological planting method of gastrodia elata and gentiana rigescen in Wumeng mountain area |
| CN104429447A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-03-25 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Method for improving parispolyphylla seed yield and quality |
| CN105532245A (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2016-05-04 | 六枝特区道地种养殖农民专业合作社 | Seedling culture method for gentiana rigescens |
| CN105660106A (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2016-06-15 | 六枝特区道地种养殖农民专业合作社 | Method for planting gentiana rigescens |
| CN107548910A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-09 | 维西成林生物开发有限公司 | A kind of felwort implantation methods |
| CN108293822A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-07-20 | 辽宁东亚农业发展有限公司 | A kind of flower of Radix Gentianae nutritive cube direct seeding technique |
| CN110622649A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2019-12-31 | 雅安三九中药材科技产业化有限公司 | Seed soaking liquid, seed soaking method, seedling raising method and planting method of snakegourd fruit |
| CN114342718A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-15 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Comprehensive control method for anthracnose of gentiana rigescens |
| CN114402918A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-29 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Method for improving quality and yield of gentiana rigescens |
-
2009
- 2009-04-13 CN CN2009100943423A patent/CN101554119B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102124879A (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2011-07-20 | 天津滨海国际花卉科技园区股份有限公司 | Water-conservation culture method for Exacum affine |
| CN102124879B (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2012-08-08 | 天津滨海国际花卉科技园区股份有限公司 | Water-conservation culture method for Exacum affine |
| CN102318476A (en) * | 2011-05-31 | 2012-01-18 | 山西圣济农牧发展有限公司 | Method for planting large-leaved gentian in sloping field |
| CN102626023A (en) * | 2012-04-01 | 2012-08-08 | 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 | Gentiana loureiri introduction and cultivation method and substrate |
| CN102626023B (en) * | 2012-04-01 | 2014-02-12 | 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 | Gentiana loureiri introduction and cultivation method and substrate |
| CN103583206A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-02-19 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Relay intercropping and crop rotation ecological planting method of gastrodia elata and gentiana rigescen in Wumeng mountain area |
| CN103583206B (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2015-12-02 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | The ecology planting method of a kind of Wumeng Shan Mountain district gastrodia elata f. glauca and Yunnan rough gentian cover, crop rotation |
| CN104429447A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-03-25 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Method for improving parispolyphylla seed yield and quality |
| CN105532245A (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2016-05-04 | 六枝特区道地种养殖农民专业合作社 | Seedling culture method for gentiana rigescens |
| CN105660106A (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2016-06-15 | 六枝特区道地种养殖农民专业合作社 | Method for planting gentiana rigescens |
| CN108293822A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-07-20 | 辽宁东亚农业发展有限公司 | A kind of flower of Radix Gentianae nutritive cube direct seeding technique |
| CN107548910A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-09 | 维西成林生物开发有限公司 | A kind of felwort implantation methods |
| CN110622649A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2019-12-31 | 雅安三九中药材科技产业化有限公司 | Seed soaking liquid, seed soaking method, seedling raising method and planting method of snakegourd fruit |
| CN110622649B (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2021-11-16 | 雅安三九中药材科技产业化有限公司 | Seed soaking liquid, seed soaking method, seedling raising method and planting method of snakegourd fruit |
| CN114342718A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-15 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Comprehensive control method for anthracnose of gentiana rigescens |
| CN114402918A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-29 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Method for improving quality and yield of gentiana rigescens |
| CN114402918B (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-11-25 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Method for improving quality and yield of gentiana rigescens |
| CN114342718B (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2023-03-21 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Comprehensive control method for gentiana rigescens anthracnose |
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