CN112616351A - Green manure returning and fertilizing method - Google Patents
Green manure returning and fertilizing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112616351A CN112616351A CN202011520526.4A CN202011520526A CN112616351A CN 112616351 A CN112616351 A CN 112616351A CN 202011520526 A CN202011520526 A CN 202011520526A CN 112616351 A CN112616351 A CN 112616351A
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- green manure
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- returning
- highland barley
- fertilizing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
Abstract
The invention discloses a green manure returning and fertilizing method, which comprises the following steps: s1, manually and uniformly sowing common vetch seeds in a field in a valley farming area with the height above 3800m in Tibet 10-15 days before highland barley is harvested in late 7-8 months; s2.10 in last ten days of the month, cutting the whole bushy common vetch into small sections or crushing, uniformly scattering all the common vetch to return to the field, and then turning over and pressing, wherein the turning over and pressing depth is not less than 20 cm; s3, leveling the land, and performing flood irrigation for 2-3 times to promote decomposition of the green manure; s4, in the next 4 months, fine-tillage and fine-tillage land-preparation planting of spring highland barley, and field weed removal and water and fertilizer management are enhanced; s5.8, in the last ten days of the month, after the highland barley of the previous crop is harvested, fully utilizing hydrothermal resources of the previous crop at the later growth stage, timely turning over and preparing soil to carry out multiple planting of common vetch, and repeating S1-S3. The method for returning green manure to field and fertilizing adopted by the invention has important significance for reducing the input of chemical fertilizer nitrogen to slow down agricultural non-point source pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a green manure returning and fertilizing method.
Background
The green manure is a fertilizer made of green plants. Green manure is a complete biological fertilizer source. The green manure is an effective method for increasing fertilizer sources and has great effect on improving soil. But the reasonable application is necessary to fully play the yield increasing role of the green manure.
With the continuous development of the planting industry production in the agricultural region of Tibet, the demand on chemical fertilizers is increased, and the problem of serious agricultural non-point source pollution is caused by excessive fertilizer nitrogen input, so that the use of green manure to reduce the fertilizer nitrogen input has important significance for relieving the agricultural non-point source pollution. While green manure crop production is just an effective link for coordinating human and natural, consumption and protection. The Tibet has great potential for developing green manure crop production, has a large amount of idle winter fields and available crop stubble gaps, and is suitable for developing green manure crop production with an area of about 100 ten thousand mu. The green manure planted can obviously improve the content of nutrients and water in a soil ecological system, coordinate the relation of water, fertilizer, gas and heat of soil, improve the soil structure and improve the soil fertility. Meanwhile, the green manure belongs to a clean high-quality organic biological fertilizer source, and after the green manure is applied to soil, the soil is not polluted by residues of heavy metals, antibiotics, hormones and the like. The green manure can effectively prevent the loss of water, soil and manure and reduce the intensity and frequency of sand storm.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the method for returning green manure to the field and fertilizing is provided, which can effectively improve the soil condition, improve the soil fertility and promote the high yield of crops. According to the test, compared with the common vetch applied with the same amount of stable manure, the common vetch is turned and pressed by 2000 kg/mu, so that the indexes of the plant height, the stem thickness, the ear length, the ear thickness, the thousand-grain weight and the like of the grains are improved, and the yield of each mu is increased by about 15 kg.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a green manure returning and fertilizing method comprises the following steps:
s1, manually and uniformly sowing common vetch seeds in a field in a valley farming area with the height above 3800m in Tibet 10-15 days before highland barley is harvested in late 7-8 months;
s2.10 in last ten days of the month, cutting the whole bushy common vetch into small sections or crushing, uniformly scattering all the common vetch to return to the field, and then turning over and pressing, wherein the turning over and pressing depth is not less than 20 cm;
s3, leveling the land, and performing flood irrigation for 2-3 times to promote decomposition of the green manure;
s4, in the next 4 months, fine-tillage and fine-tillage land-preparation planting of spring highland barley, and field weed removal and water and fertilizer management are enhanced;
s5.8, in the last ten days of the month, after the highland barley of the previous crop is harvested, fully utilizing hydrothermal resources of the previous crop at the later growth stage, timely turning over and preparing soil to carry out multiple planting of common vetch, and repeating S1-S3.
Further, fertilization and irregular irrigation as required before and after sowing in S1 are not required.
Further, in S1, sowing is carried out 10-15 days before harvesting the highland barley.
Further, in the full bloom stage when the green manure reaches the maximum biomass in S2, the soil is kept in a moist state, the soil is cut to be 1-3cm in length, and the green manure returning quality is improved by timely turning over and pressing.
Furthermore, in S3, the green manure is firstly cultivated in a rotary tillage or plowing mode under the condition of no irrigation, and irrigation is carried out in time after cultivation, so that the decomposition speed of the green manure is increased.
Further, in S3, the overwintering water is irrigated enough to inactivate the activity of grass seeds, and the growth of other weeds is inhibited by planting green manure.
Further, in the middle and late ten days of 4 months in S4, the spring highland barley is planted in furrows and rows under the condition of medium rich water, the seeding quantity per mu is 15kg, the row spacing is 25cm, and the seeding depth is 4-5 cm.
Further, harvesting is carried out mechanically or manually in time at the barley wax ripeness stage in S5.
Furthermore, in order to fully exert the fertilizer effect of the green manure, the green manure should be turned over and pressed at a proper time in good time. The yield is not high in early stage of pressure-turning, the fertilizer efficiency is low, the fresh grass is too tender in pressure-turning, and the nitrogen content is low; when the fresh grass is turned over and retted too late, although the yield is high, the cellulose and the lignin in the fresh grass are increased, plants are aged and are not easy to rot and decompose, and the fertilizer efficiency is also reduced.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the invention, common vetch is an annual herbaceous plant and is a common crop for both grains, materials and grasses in Tibet, the common vetch grows luxuriantly, the yield is high, fresh grasses are produced in 1500-2000 kg per 667 square meters (1 mu), and the height can reach 3000 kg. The common vetch has good reproducibility, high and stable seed yield, is cold-resistant and cool-favored, is drought-resistant and barren-resistant, and can grow on soil with the pH value of 6.5-8.5. Common vetch hay nutrient nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)2O5) Potassium (K)2O) average content was about 3.56%, 0.73%, 3.22%. The nutrient content is highest from the initial flower stage to the full-bloom stage, and the nutrient content in stems, leaves and seeds is higher. The common vetch is a peak period of nutrient accumulation from the initial flowering period to the full flowering period and is also an optimal green pressing period, organic matters and total nitrogen in the soil are increased after green pressing, physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, and the activity of soil enzymes is enhanced. According to the test, the common vetch green pressing not only increases the yield of the crops in the current season, but also can sustain the aftereffect to the crops in the later season.
The common vetch as the leguminous crop is planted 10-15 days before the highland barley is harvested, rhizobia at the root of the leguminous plant has a nitrogen fixation effect, soil fertility can be improved to a certain degree, and nitrogen nutrition supplied by old highland barley crops is increased, so that nitrogen input can be reduced, non-point source pollution of farmlands can be reduced, meanwhile, the common vetch plant is used as a green manure and is turned to the field, the soil fertility is improved by using the green manure, the use of chemical fertilizers is further reduced, and the effect of slowing down the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil is achieved. Therefore, the invention breaks through the situation that the prior art is only limited to highland barley planting and abandoned fallow in leisure land, changes the traditional farming mode, establishes a farming system for crop rotation of highland barley and green manure crops for two harvests a year, opens up a new technical approach for crop rotation production of grain crops, forage grass and green manure crops, and achieves the purposes of combining land cultivation and land cultivation, increasing the biological yield of crops in unit area and improving the planting benefit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Examples
The preferred embodiment of the invention provides a green manure returning and fertilizing method, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) in a valley farming area below the Tibetan elevation 3800m, in the last 7 months to the last 8 months, in 10 to 15 days before harvesting of the highland barley, common vetch seeds are manually and uniformly sowed in the field, fertilization is not needed after sowing, and the common vetch seeds are watered according to soil moisture content on an irregular basis as required;
(2) in last 10 months, when the green manure reaches the full flowering period with the maximum biomass, the soil is kept in a wet state, the whole plant of the vigorous growth vetch is cut into small sections with the length of 1-3cm or is crushed, the whole plant is uniformly scattered and returned to the field, and then timely turning is carried out, wherein the turning depth is not less than 20 cm;
(3) under the condition of no irrigation, rotary tillage or plowing is carried out, irrigation is carried out for 2-3 times in time after tillage, sufficient overwintering water is irrigated to inactivate the activity of grass seeds, the growth of other weeds is inhibited, and the decomposition speed of green manure is increased;
(4) in the middle and last ten days of the next 4 months, fine-ploughing, fine-cropping, soil-preparation and planting of spring highland barley, ditching and row-sowing under the condition of medium rich water for planting of spring highland barley, wherein the sowing quantity per mu is 15kg, the row spacing is 25cm, the sowing depth is 4-5cm, and field weed removal and water and fertilizer management are enhanced;
(5) and (3) harvesting the highland barley mechanically or manually in time in the wax ripeness stage of the highland barley, fully utilizing hydrothermal resources of the previous crop in the later growth stage after the highland barley of the previous crop is harvested, turning over and preparing soil in time to carry out multiple planting of common vetch, and repeating the steps (1) to (3).
Mature highland barley planted in late 7-8 late month is taken as sample 1.
Comparative example 1
After harvesting the highland barley, the common vetch is not planted, and the next year of mature highland barley is taken as sample 2 in the remaining examples.
Comparative example 2
The common vetch is planted 10-15 days before the highland barley is harvested, the common vetch is not smashed and returned to the field in the full-bloom period, and in other embodiments, the highland barley mature next year is taken as a sample 3.
Comparative example 3
The common vetch is planted 10-15 days before the highland barley is harvested, the common vetch is smashed and returned to the field in the full-bloom stage, the application amount of the highland barley application fertilizer planted in the middle and late ten months of the next 4 months is reduced by 20% compared with the embodiment, and the highland barley matured in the current year is taken as a sample 4.
Comparative example 4
The common vetch is planted 10-15 days before the highland barley is harvested, the common vetch is not smashed and returned to the field in the full-bloom period, the application amount of the highland barley application fertilizer planted in the middle and last ten days of the next 4 months is reduced by 20% compared with that of the common vetch application fertilizer, and the highland barley matured in the current year is taken as a sample 5.
The highland barley yields of the samples 1-5 obtained by the preparation are respectively tested.
The results are shown in the following table 1, and it can be seen from the following table that the method maintains higher yield on the basis of reducing fertilizer application, reduces the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution, and improves the economic, social and ecological benefits of highland barley planting.
TABLE 1 highland barley output Table
| Yield (kg/mu) | Sample 1 | Sample 2 | Sample 3 | Sample No. 4 | Sample No. 5 |
| Highland barley | 394 | 293 | 298 | 382 | 365 |
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A green manure returning and fertilizing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, manually and uniformly sowing common vetch seeds in a field in a valley farming area with the height above 3800m in Tibet 10-15 days before highland barley is harvested in late 7-8 months;
s2.10 in last ten days of the month, cutting the whole bushy common vetch into small sections or crushing, uniformly scattering all the common vetch to return to the field, and then turning over and pressing, wherein the turning over and pressing depth is not less than 20 cm;
s3, leveling the land, and performing flood irrigation for 2-3 times to promote decomposition of the green manure;
s4, in the next 4 months, finely ploughing, finely preparing and preparing soil, planting the spring highland barley, removing field weeds, and managing water and fertilizer;
s5.8, in the last ten days of the month, after the highland barley of the previous crop is harvested, fully utilizing hydrothermal resources of the previous crop at the later growth stage, timely turning over and preparing soil to carry out multiple planting of common vetch, and repeating S1-S3.
2. The method for returning green manure to field and fertilizing as claimed in claim 1, wherein before and after seeding in S1, fertilization is not required, and water is filled irregularly as required.
3. The method for fertilizing with green manure returning to field as claimed in claim 1, wherein seeding is carried out in S1 10-15 days before harvesting highland barley.
4. The method for returning the green manure to the field and fertilizing as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the full bloom stage when the green manure reaches the maximum biomass in S2, the soil is kept in a wet state, cut to a length of 1-3cm, and pressed to improve the green manure returning quality.
5. The method for returning green manure to field and fertilizing as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S3, rotary tillage or plowing is performed under the condition of no irrigation, irrigation is performed in time after tillage, and the decomposition speed of green manure is increased.
6. The method for fertilizing the green manure returning to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the overwintering water is irrigated in S3 to inactivate the activity of grass seeds, and the growth of other weeds is inhibited by planting the green manure.
7. The method for returning green manure to field and fertilizing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in the middle and late ten days of 4 months in S4, spring highland barley is planted by ditching and row sowing under the condition of medium rich water, the sowing amount per mu is 15kg, the row spacing is 25cm, and the sowing depth is 4-5 cm.
8. The method for fertilizing the green manure returning to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S5, harvesting is performed mechanically or manually during the highland barley waxy stage.
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| CN202011520526.4A CN112616351A (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | Green manure returning and fertilizing method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114711008A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-07-08 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for returning green manure to field |
| CN115380657A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-11-25 | 青海省农林科学院 | Carbon fixation and emission reduction method based on cooperative returning of common vetch and highland barley straw |
| CN117326896A (en) * | 2023-12-01 | 2024-01-02 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Nitrous oxide emission reduction composition for dry land based on green manure and biochar |
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| CN117326896A (en) * | 2023-12-01 | 2024-01-02 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Nitrous oxide emission reduction composition for dry land based on green manure and biochar |
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Application publication date: 20210409 |