CN107926530B - Tomato seedling culture method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a tomato seedling raising method, which comprises the following steps: a) soaking tomato seeds in warm soup; b) selecting a seedling raising plate according to the growth requirement of tomato seeds; c) filling nutrient soil in the seedling raising tray, and applying water to keep the nutrient soil wet; d) planting tomato seeds in a seedling culture plate, and covering the tomato seeds with nutrient soil; e) keeping the nutrient soil moist, and applying different amounts of insect manure while applying water at different time periods after the tomato seeds germinate; f) when the seedling age of the tomato seedlings is between 25 and 35 days and four leaves and one heart are adopted, the tomato seedlings are planted. By adopting the tomato seedling method provided by the invention, the germination rate of tomato seeds is high, the seedling time is short, and stronger strong tomato seedlings can be obtained; the transplanting survival rate of the tomato seedlings is ensured; and the yellow mealworm excrement is tasteless and environment-friendly compared with other fertilizers, and a new method is provided for tomato seed seedling culture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a tomato seedling raising method.
Background
The solanaceae plants are one of the plant groups with the largest economic value, wherein the tomatoes are widely cultivated in the south and the north of China and become important economic crops in China. The tomato seed germination period is long (from sowing to occurrence of the first true leaf (core breaking), the period is 7-10 days under the normal temperature condition), the seedling period is a turning period from excessive vegetative growth to the same development of reproductive growth and vegetative growth of the tomato, and the formation of the organs and the yield of the tomato product can be directly influenced. The cultivation of good tomato strong seedlings (thick and strong stems, short internodes, thick leaves, dark color, complete stem leaves without diseases and pests, developed root system and white roots) can improve the transplanting survival rate of tomato seedlings and produce high-quality tomatoes.
Tenebrio Molitor L belongs to Coleoptera, Bacteroideae, and is also called Tenebrio Molitor, high protein worm, etc. The yellow mealworms are multi-feeding insects, feed on crop straws and the like, can be used for developing various insect foods, health-care products and medicines, and contain abundant protein and various trace elements in yellow mealworm excrement. The utilization of the yellow mealworm excrement in the seedling culture can enhance the fertility, increase the yield and improve the quality.
In the prior art, no report is provided on the utilization of tenebrio molitor dung in vegetable seedling raising.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a tomato seedling culture method, which comprises the following steps: a) soaking tomato seeds in warm soup; b) selecting a seedling raising plate according to the growth requirement of tomato seeds; c) filling nutrient soil in the seedling raising tray, and applying water to keep the nutrient soil wet; d) planting the tomato seeds in the seedling raising tray, and covering the tomato seeds with the nutrient soil; e) keeping the nutrient soil moist, and applying different amounts of insect manure while applying water at different time periods after the tomato seeds germinate; f) and when the seedling age of the tomato seedlings is between 25 and 35 days and four leaves and one heart are adopted, the tomato seedlings are planted.
In the above method for growing tomato seedlings, before the tomato seeds are soaked in the warm soup, the method further comprises: the tomato seeds are selected according to the standard that the purity of the seeds is higher than 98 percent, the seeds are pure in color and luster and have no mildew, the purity is higher than 95 percent, the germination rate is higher than 88 percent, and the moisture content is lower than 8 percent.
In the above tomato seedling raising method, in step a), the soaking of the seed in the warm soup is performed according to the following operations: soaking the tomato seeds in clear water for 1-3 h; taking out the tomato seeds, putting the tomato seeds into hot water at the temperature of 50-55 ℃, and soaking the seeds for 10-20min under the condition of maintaining the water temperature; then continuously soaking seeds for 2-4h under the condition of natural cooling of water temperature; the tomato seeds were then placed on a gauze and excess moisture was filtered off. Preferably, the tomato seeds are soaked in clear water for 2 h; taking out the tomato seeds, putting the tomato seeds into hot water at 52 ℃, and maintaining the water temperature for soaking the tomato seeds for 15 min; then continuously soaking seeds for 3 hours under the condition of natural cooling of water temperature; the tomato seeds were then placed on a gauze and excess moisture was filtered off.
In the above method for growing tomato seedlings, in the step b), the selecting a seedling-growing tray further comprises: selecting 50 plug trays according to the length of the root system of the tomato seedling and the number of lateral roots, wherein the length of the 50 plug trays is 54cm, the width of the 50 plug trays is 28cm, the height of the 50 plug trays is 4cm, and the capacity of the 50 plug trays is 50 mL. The capacity of the holes is sufficient for the growth of tomato seedlings.
In the tomato seedling culture method, in the step c), 7-9 parts of peat layer, 1-2 parts of perlite and 0.2-0.8 part of vermiculite are respectively weighed and mixed according to parts by weight to obtain the nutrient soil. Wherein, peat soil: the soil is light, has no caking and no peculiar smell, and is clean; perlite: the water absorption of natural mineral substances can reach 2 times of the self weight, so that the air permeability of the soil can be increased by multiple times, and the PH value is neutral; vermiculite: the natural nontoxic mineral substance belongs to the ion exchange of the silico-hydrochloric acid, and can preserve heat and moisture. The soil has reasonable structure and is loose and ventilated. Preferably, 8 parts of peat layer, 1.5 parts of perlite and 0.5 part of vermiculite are respectively weighed and mixed according to parts by weight to obtain the nutrient soil.
In the above method for growing tomato seedlings, in step c), 8-12ml, preferably 10ml, of water is added per hole to keep the nutrient soil moist. According to the method, water is applied to the nutrient soil, for example, 10ml of water is measured by using a measuring cylinder and added into the cavity of each seedling raising tray, the nutrient soil is moist but does not drip, the watering amount is properly adjusted according to the weather, the evaporation amount is large in drought seasons, the plants grow fast, and the water storage amount is large; before using tap water, the water should be sunned for 1-2 days in advance. The treated tomato seeds are sown in a seedling tray, relatively dry nutrient soil is covered on the tomato seeds, and the tomato seeds are sprayed with moisture by a spray can to prevent the seeds from being poured out by large water.
In the above-mentioned method for growing tomato seedlings, in step d), the seeds are placed in the seedling-growing tray with tweezers to be light.
In the tomato seedling raising method, in the step e), the insect manure is dry yellow mealworm manure generated by feeding yellow mealworms with a feed prepared by mixing vegetable straws and wheat bran according to a mass ratio of 4:1, wherein the vegetable straws are selected from one or more of eggplant straws, hot pepper straws and broccoli straws.
In the tomato seedling raising method, in the step e), the dry yellow mealworm excrement and water are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:180 or 1:360 in the insect excrement application process, and then the mixture is applied to root holes of tomato seedlings through a liquid transfer machine.
In the tomato seedling raising method, in the step e), the requirements on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements are different in different growth periods of the vegetable seedlings, so that different amounts of insect dung are applied in different growth periods, and the healthy growth of the vegetable seedlings is ensured. Thus, after the tomato seeds germinate, different amounts of insect manure are applied at the same time as water is applied for different periods of time. And the step further comprises: when the tomato seedlings are 2 cotyledons, the weight ratio of the yellow mealworm excrement is as follows: the volume ratio of the soil is 1: 200-400 of the concentration of the insect feces; when the tomato seedlings are 2 true leaves, according to the yellow mealworm excrement: the volume ratio of the soil is 1: applying the insect feces at a concentration of 100-; when the tomato seedlings are 4 true leaves, according to the yellow mealworm excrement: the volume ratio of the soil is 1: the insect feces was applied at a concentration of 100-.
In the process of using the insect dung, the dry yellow mealworm dung is mixed with water and evenly applied to each cavity.
In the above tomato seedling raising method, in step e), applying different amounts of insect feces while applying water for different periods of time after the tomato seeds germinate further comprises: when the tomato seedlings are 2 cotyledons, the weight ratio of the yellow mealworm excrement is as follows: the volume ratio of the soil is 1:360 of the insect feces; when the tomato seedlings are 2 true leaves, according to the yellow mealworm excrement: the volume ratio of the soil is 1:180 of the insect feces; when the tomato seedlings are 4 true leaves, according to the yellow mealworm excrement: the volume ratio of the soil is 1:180 of the insect feces.
In the tomato seedling culture method, the temperature is controlled to be between 20 and 30 ℃ in the daytime and between 12 and 15 ℃ at night in the seedling culture process.
The yellow mealworm excrement can not be soaked in water for too long time, and the granular structure in the yellow mealworm excrement is easy to damage; dissolved insect dung is applied to the root of tomato seedling, and does not drip on leaf blade as far as possible
The invention has the advantages that: the wasp feces is colorless and odorless, and contains rich nutrients, such as protein and various trace elements. The utilization of the yellow mealworm excrement in the seedling culture can enhance the fertility, increase the yield, improve the quality, provide the growth requirements of tomato seedlings, produce strong seedlings, improve the transplanting survival rate of the tomato seedlings and improve the quality and the yield of the tomatoes.
By adopting the tomato seedling method provided by the invention, the germination rate of tomato seeds is high, the seedling time is short, and stronger strong tomato seedlings can be obtained; the transplanting survival rate of the tomato seedlings is ensured; and compared with the fertilizer, the yellow mealworm excrement is tasteless and environment-friendly, and a new method is provided for tomato seed seedling culture. High-quality tomato seedlings can be cultured in the seedling stage, and a foundation is provided for the later growth of high-quality tomatoes.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments given herein are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
The tomato seedling raising method provided by the invention can be suitable for other different solanaceae crops, is convenient to operate, and saves the later-stage seedling selection and pot changing work.
Example 1
1. The tomato seeds are selected according to the standard that the purity of the seeds is higher than 98 percent, the seeds are pure in color and luster and have no mildew, the purity is higher than 95 percent, the germination rate is higher than 88 percent, and the moisture content is lower than 8 percent.
2. Carrying out warm water seed soaking on tomato seeds, and specifically comprises the following steps: soaking tomato seeds in clear water for 2 hours; taking out tomato seeds, placing into 52 deg.C hot water, and maintaining water temperature for soaking seeds for 15 min; then continuously soaking seeds for 3 hours under the condition of natural cooling of water temperature; the tomato seeds were then placed on a gauze and excess water was filtered off.
3. According to the length of the root system of the tomato seedling and the number of lateral roots, a 50-hole disc is selected, wherein the length of the 50-hole disc is 54cm, the width of the 50-hole disc is 28cm, the height of the 50-hole disc is 4cm, and the capacity of the 50-hole disc is 50 mL.
4. Respectively weighing 8 parts of peat layer, 1.5 parts of perlite and 0.5 part of vermiculite according to parts by weight, and mixing to obtain the nutrient soil. The seedling raising tray is filled with nutrient soil, and water (10 ml of water is added to each hole) is applied to keep the nutrient soil wet.
5. Tomato seeds are planted in a seedling raising plate, and the tomato seeds are covered with nutrient soil, and more than 250 seeds are bred (250 plants are ensured to emerge).
6. Keeping the nutrient soil moist, and applying different amounts of insect manure while applying water at different time periods after the tomato seeds germinate. The insect feces is dry yellow mealworm feces generated by feeding yellow mealworms with a feed prepared by mixing pepper straws and wheat bran according to a mass ratio of 4:1, the dry yellow mealworm feces is mixed with water according to a ratio of 1:180 or 1:360, and then the mixture is applied to root holes of tomato seedlings through a liquid transfer device.
In different growth stages of tomato seedlings, the dry yellow mealworm feces were used at the following concentrations:
when the tomato seedlings are 2 cotyledons, the weight ratio of the yellow mealworm excrement is as follows: the volume ratio of the soil is 1:360 concentration of insect feces; when the tomato seedlings are 2 true leaves, according to the yellow mealworm excrement: the volume ratio of the soil is 1:180 of insect feces; when the tomato seedlings are 4 true leaves, according to the yellow mealworm excrement: the volume ratio of the soil is 1:180 of insect feces.
7. And (5) growing seedlings for 22d, measuring the plant height, stem thickness, main root length and number of true leaves, and measuring the survival rate 5 days after transplanting. Wherein, in the process of seedling culture, the temperature is controlled to be about 25 ℃ in the daytime and 12-15 ℃ at night.
Example 2
The same tomato seedling method as in example 1, except that dry yellow mealworm feces were used at the following concentrations at different growth stages of the tomato seedlings:
when the tomato seedlings are 2 cotyledons, the weight ratio of the yellow mealworm excrement is as follows: the volume ratio of the soil is 1: applying insect feces at a concentration of 200; when the tomato seedlings are 2 true leaves, according to the yellow mealworm excrement: the volume ratio of the soil is 1: applying insect feces at a concentration of 100; when the tomato seedlings are 4 true leaves, according to the yellow mealworm excrement: the volume ratio of the soil is 1: insect feces was applied at a concentration of 100.
Example 3
The same tomato seedling method as in example 1, except that dry yellow mealworm feces were used at the following concentrations at different growth stages of the tomato seedlings:
when the tomato seedlings are 2 cotyledons, the weight ratio of the yellow mealworm excrement is as follows: the volume ratio of the soil is 1: 300 concentration of insect feces; when the tomato seedlings are 2 true leaves, according to the yellow mealworm excrement: the volume ratio of the soil is 1: applying insect feces at a concentration of 200; when the tomato seedlings are 4 true leaves, according to the yellow mealworm excrement: the volume ratio of the soil is 1: insect feces was applied at a concentration of 200.
Example 4
The same tomato seedling method as in example 1, except that dry yellow mealworm feces were used at the following concentrations at different growth stages of the tomato seedlings:
when the tomato seedlings are 2 cotyledons, the weight ratio of the yellow mealworm excrement is as follows: the volume ratio of the soil is 1: applying insect feces at a concentration of 400; when the tomato seedlings are 2 true leaves, according to the yellow mealworm excrement: the volume ratio of the soil is 1: 300 concentration of insect feces; when the tomato seedlings are 4 true leaves, according to the yellow mealworm excrement: the volume ratio of the soil is 1: 300 was applied.
Example 5
The method is the same as the tomato seedling raising method in the example 1, except that the special water soluble fertilizer for the tomatoes is applied at different growth stages of the tomato seedlings (the water soluble fertilizer is applied according to the use requirements of the water soluble fertilizer).
Example 6
The method is the same as the tomato seedling method in example 1, except that no insect manure or special water soluble fertilizer for tomatoes is applied at different growth stages of tomato seedlings, and clear water is used as a control.
The plant height, stem thickness, main root length and number of true leaves of the tomato seedlings of examples 1 to 6 were measured, respectively, and the survival rate 5 days after transplantation was determined as follows:
TABLE 1
The data in the table were analyzed using SPSS 19.0. Different lower case letters indicate significant differences between different positions at the same time (P <0.05, Duncan's test).
The above measurement results show that: the tomato seedling culture method provided by the invention has high transplanting survival rate which can reach 97.7% at most, and compared with the tomato seedlings applied with common water soluble fertilizers, the tomato seedlings applied with the yellow mealworm excrement provided by the invention have the advantages that the plant height, the stem thickness, the main root length and the number of true leaves are obviously improved, and the survival rate 5 days after transplanting is obviously improved.
By adopting the tomato seedling culture method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the transplanting survival rate of tomato seedlings can be improved, the quality and the yield of tomatoes can be improved, high-quality tomato seedlings can be cultured in the seedling stage, and a foundation is provided for growing high-quality tomatoes in the later stage.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A tomato seedling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) soaking tomato seeds in warm soup;
b) selecting a seedling raising plate according to the growth requirement of tomato seeds;
c) filling nutrient soil in the seedling raising tray, and applying water to keep the nutrient soil wet;
d) planting the tomato seeds in the seedling raising tray, and covering the tomato seeds with the nutrient soil;
e) keeping the nutrient soil moist, and applying different amounts of insect manure while applying water at different time periods after the tomato seeds germinate;
f) when the seedling age of the tomato seedlings is between 25 and 35 days and four leaves and one heart are used, planting the tomato seedlings;
in the step c), respectively weighing 7-9 parts of peat layer, 1-2 parts of perlite and 0.2-0.8 part of vermiculite according to parts by weight, and mixing to obtain the nutrient soil;
in the step e), the insect manure is dry yellow mealworm manure generated by feeding yellow mealworms with a feed prepared by mixing vegetable straws and wheat bran according to the mass ratio of 4:1, wherein the vegetable straws are selected from one or more of eggplant straws, hot pepper straws and broccoli straws;
in step e), applying different amounts of insect feces while applying water for different periods of time after the tomato seeds germinate further comprises:
when the tomato seedlings are 2 cotyledons, the insect manure is applied according to the concentration that the volume ratio of the yellow mealworm manure to soil is 1: 360;
when the tomato seedlings are 2 true leaves, the insect feces are applied according to the concentration that the volume ratio of the yellow mealworm feces to the soil is 1: 180;
when the tomato seedlings are 4 true leaves, the insect feces are applied according to the concentration that the volume ratio of the yellow mealworm feces to the soil is 1: 180;
in the seedling raising process, the temperature is controlled to be between 20 and 30 ℃ in the daytime and between 12 and 15 ℃ at night;
in the step e), in the insect dung application process, the dry yellow mealworm dung and water are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:180 or 1:360 and then are applied to the root holes of the tomato seedlings through a liquid transfer machine.
2. The tomato seedling raising method according to claim 1, further comprising, before the step of soaking the tomato seeds in the warm soup: the tomato seeds are selected according to the standard that the purity of the seeds is higher than 98 percent, the seeds are pure in color and luster and have no mildew, the purity is higher than 95 percent, the germination rate is higher than 88 percent, and the moisture content is lower than 8 percent.
3. A tomato seedling growing method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that in step a), the soaking of the seeds in warm soup is carried out according to the following operations:
soaking the tomato seeds in clear water for 1-3 h;
taking out the tomato seeds, putting the tomato seeds into hot water at the temperature of 50-55 ℃, and soaking the seeds for 10-20min under the condition of maintaining the water temperature;
then continuously soaking seeds for 2-4h under the condition of natural cooling of water temperature;
the tomato seeds were then placed on a gauze and excess moisture was filtered off.
4. A tomato seedling method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in step b), the selecting of a seedling tray further comprises:
selecting 50 plug trays according to the length of the root system of the tomato seedling and the number of lateral roots, wherein the length of the 50 plug trays is 54cm, the width of the 50 plug trays is 28cm, the height of the 50 plug trays is 4cm, and the capacity of the 50 plug trays is 50 mL.
5. Tomato seedling method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in step c) 8-12ml of water are applied per hole, keeping the nutrient soil moist.
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| CN103113143B (en) * | 2013-03-02 | 2015-10-14 | 洪洞县万安彪炳有机肥料厂 | Efficient biological organic fertilizer made from yellow mealworm fecula sand |
| CN103539515B (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2015-03-04 | 延安大学 | Organic fertilizer composition prepared from tenebrio molitor manure and preparation method thereof |
| CN103798026B (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2016-09-14 | 和县常久农业发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti |
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| CN106688844A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-05-24 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Plug-seedling method for tomatoes in summer |
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| CN107200619A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-09-26 | 合肥源行农业科技有限公司 | A kind of organic fertilizer for agricultural production |
| CN107285886A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-10-24 | 安徽天知蓝农林科技有限公司 | A kind of litchi fertilizer synergistic agent |
| CN107285933A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-10-24 | 太仓市新滨农场专业合作社 | A kind of crop seeds seedling culture medium |
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